Evening Star Newspaper, December 31, 1925, Page 6

I'HE EVENING STAR |1t 1s desirable, theretore, that the work‘prevent the issuance of any music With Sunday WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY. ..December 31, 1925 Morning Edition. THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor The Evening Star N per Co Kafe by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia Member of the e Ar Enforcing the Pedestrian Rule. Actual enfor ent of Washington's new anti-jaywalking ordinance began vesterday, (o the consternation « eighty-three persons who wer » appear in court for pr against trafflc signals on It explain matte 1 comp course in pedestrian street con ng not to repeat the /ense. Warrants will be issued for those who did not and, it dge Schuldt’s stock of leniency ot the New Year, will receive the same treatment. Every given the Washington pedestrian to become fa miliar with the new regulation. Po- licemen have been detailed especially ) instruct h ontai ag; uct and promisi app has they out ov chance has been . and the rule, in brief, only six words, “Do not cross st the signal Director Eldric ers and the p entorce the or uits . the Commission- have all sought to nance witha prove leniency is not JNic rrests. that Re have howey too much a factor mote success and that, after a cer a campaign of real en- forcement is necessary to convince the that tr: regulations for either motoris estrians cannot “laughed off ve rain period public flic or pe Consequently, instead of a police in struction squad, which gently and courteously waves recalcitrant pedes- trians back to the curb, V now has an enforcement squad which although maintaining its ind courtesy, is inclined to carry as equipment large number of those white slips notifying the cipient to appear at the Traffic Cour For a time the local pedestrian may =xpect some lenienc rt, ollowing the by dge Schuldt when the first batch of violators was brought before him. But o time is not far off when the pedes trian haled to court will be treated exactly the same as any other law aker and he will find himself c pelled to dig down in his pockets to pay a fine ' Pedestrians must realize that the era of modern controlled transporta tion has arrived. Every user of the street must [ promt ated for the benefit of the majority \lotorlsts for many years have oper- ited their cars under the yoke of stringent regulation. It is now up to hington gentleness a pesky re- even in cou policy laid down submit rules join the ranks, to travel and to co-operate in reducing the appalling total of traffic accidents e Instead of taking Smedley Butler's advice, the people of Philadelphia are eserving tables and preparing to wish me another “Happy New Year” as - r—— The dialogue in a coal strike confer- with of giving enough the ence does mnot proceed deference to the idea public what it wants o The Arlington Frontage. Plans for the transformation of the Virginia end of the Key Bridge from s present unsightly condition, which in contemplation by the Commis- <ion of Fine Arts and the War De partment, have long been indicated as iesirable \f the new bridge across the Potomac. providing a more direct and appro- priate approach to the national ceme- ery at Arlington, it was recognized :hat the situation on the far side of he river was in no wise suitable. Now hat there s a proper avenue of ac cess to the Virginia shore leading to Arlington, and especiaily as there is in inmediate prospect a great boulevard stretehing across the State to afford a \ain highway to the National Capital, he Rosslyn conditions should be cor- ected. It is proposed in connection with the ransformation contemplated at the Virginia end of the bridge to restore o the Arlington reservation the lands which have been for some years occu pied by ithe Department of Agriculture is an experimental farm. A part of his area will be made into a park. \When this same project was proposed some years ago the Department of Agriculture protested on the ground that to move the experimental farm ould destroy the results of years of abor and effort and delay important experiments. This objection cannot be sermitted to prevail to cause the in definite postponement of the transfer. The 1 Is now used for experimental urposes were only loaned to the ent of Agriculture, with the «efinite understanding that they would be restoved to park uses at the proper The experimental work was be- 4un and conducted there definitely on the basls of a temporary tenure. It is not conceivable that one branch of the iovernment should block permanently development project of this char- acter, When the Memorial Bridge is com- 1leted the entire stretch of river shore hetwsen the Key Bridge and the High- ay Bridge should be a continuous ublle reservation. extending back to A\rlington-Fort Myer reservation irm Depart ime. | to | 1ven before the completion | fopportunity is afforded by natural con- ring out unsightly tenancles whatsoever; many numbers popularly and disfizurements incident to com- | considered to be pipe tunes cannot be mercial work should begin now in ad- [ played on them at all. All these little vance of the finish of the bridge struc- | matters give considerable pain to per- ture, which it is expected will occur in {sons of Scottish extraction. A year about iive y two ago the saxophone was an- ars. or “The viver shore opposite Washing- | nounced as having almost superseded ton fronting the national cemetery | the pipes In Scotla; now the story is will, if the present plans are executed. | that pipes are coming back. It s an instrument that appeals to imagina- tion in sense; the informa. tion broadeast about it is little likely to improve people’s knowledge. One is inclined to wonder why pipes were introduced into jazz bands anyhow, provided the news be true, An almost perfect imitation can be given by oboe, saxophone or clarinet, and bas soon. form one of the most glorious settings wmy city in the world enjoys. The a double di o ions effect this result, and the preparations to that end are gratifying should to wrly consummation. present and be pressed The Snow Removal Program. A program of preparedness against ade of the streets of city, it inced, has been planned and a conference is to be held between the District officlals and rep- resentatives of the civic and busin next month to di = ST Three Mayors in Three Days. On this last day of the year Greater New York s under the rule of a tem ayor, the president of the | board of aldermen serving for twenty- four hours in place of Mayor Iiylan. This transfer of authority i sioned by an unexpected move yester- nn S | porary ma rzanizations early cuss it The ardent hope of the people this city is that in the program will that be effective any emergency may befall day when Mr. Hyian was granted a Just a year ago snow fell in such & pengion, Under the a person | auantity as to fill the streets e & pansian m = first day of the year there was llofce Holdsr. ab i e o ering of several inches. Owing to de- | | | | i | i o heretofore unregulated walker to | harmonize street | | be possible to cover 134 miles of street | streets of car routes, and this led to was retired or an annuity he uto matically ceased to be an incumbent. tak lay. due it was explained to the holi day. this snow packed down under the | yre by o larnative of the traffic, and its removal, with additions | |engion and quitting for a day or con through subsequent Sturms, Was NOUj ynuing to serve until he turned over cted for severul weeks. This sil|pis ofice to his successor and losing uation cuused an outburst of public | (no retirement stipend. The pension Aisspproval, j perticolis ced IN| pranted s §4,205.99, a fizure Congress, where the municipal ar-|uecests @ bargaln counter quotation, rangements for snow cleaning wer But the ex-mayor, as he must e W be styled, is not altogether happy n It is now announced that With an fhera js some question as to legality equipment of twelve large motor|,r vegterday's pension vote by the plows, three one-man grader plows to board of estimate. The situation is be hauled by tractors, and two flush-| o)1y t50 complicated to describe in ers to be used with the plows, it will quorum. Under the law certain mem- bers of the board of estimate repre- senting the entire city have plural votes, and two of the three must be present at any meeting. The mayor, who is one of these, could not vote on his own retirement, and was absent vesterday. The controller, another of them, refused to attend, as he in agreement with the pension So that, later, when the former in about an hour and a quarter. In the main this work will consist of pushing the snow out of the traffic lanes toward the curbs, with the ordi- nary amount of actual removal by carts. Some doubt is expressed whether this will be the most effective method. Last vear the pushing of the snow by the plows to the sides of the streets created great ridges which pre- vented access to the curbs. s not posal. mayor asks for his check, he may be _In the emergency a year ago, ow-| qevor BES Ing to the loss of several hours of| “yro\nunle, the process of municipal work when the snowfall was in its reorganization has been practically first stage, the traffic was concen- completed, and Mayor-elect Walker trated upon the street car tracks in has announced his ““cabinet.” The big city 1s wondering how it is going to fare under an allTammany adminis tration. The new mavor has pro- clalmed his purpose to clean up the city and prevent the development of vicious conditions, serving warning on hl formed and serfous hlockades. Deep that did a g motor ruts were deal of Many reat famage cars. mi chines were wrecked. It has been es- timated that the cost to car owners during that period was greater than iy 3 “ 240 crooks and questionable characters would ave bhe S e g o ome SXPense of 2| it New York will not be u happy Lorough snow removal > s s "“. 1‘ s hunting ground for them. The town et itself lost lasi i st Winter " eally more concerned in whether very heavily amage o s : et street | the new mayor means all he says, and € concentration of | ies to carry through in that traffic in narrow lanes. Indeed. the ¢ ty has > { spirit, than it is in the question o city has not yet recovered from that| 90 h SII JC 8 0 L8 QRIEL O O experience. The scars of last Winter's | »‘l"“’ DERBT: breaks are still i ce. Caunting |8t : reaks are still in evidence. Caunting | v S L both public and private damages, the | to interrupt its war in order to show : practical inter- est in efforts toward disarmament. China is still an isolated nation. ———— total bill of injuries arising from the | China lack of effective snow removal amounts to a great sum. The hope is that this work of snow removal will be started immediately however light Arguments against the Nickel Plate railway merger indicate that there are cer hour it may occur. If.the pro-|still profits in the railroad business gram is actually one of preparedness | when certain expert methods are ap. plie ——— utes of delay after the snowfall begins. Snow removal Is easy stages, but difficult later. Never again | ould Washington suffer through lack of prompt and effective work in it must function with only a few min- The new automatic signals are ex pected to prove monumental examples of permanent results dating from New Year reform. in the first detail, but it turns on the matter of « | BY CHARLES { “Crigmum gif't Cris'mum gif"!" ! the darkies used to shout, making the rounds of the village early in the morning. Every householder was prepared. Simple bags candy and other presents satistied the little wants of these unsophisticated people, Who went back to their cabins with bags full. After all, what is better than the simple Christmas gift? The writer of this column, for in- stance, reccived the usual run of gifts, but perhaps none pleased him quite so much as the letters and cards ting from readers. - included, of course, the gifts, letters and cards addressed to “Mr. | Jack Spratt,” the cat. A sample of these appreciated Chr the stmas gifts is the following from clerk of the Hou “Christmas Eve, 1y Dear Mr. Tracewell dead right about ‘A Christmas ¢ I read it again st night. I read it every year, and long to keep on read ing it to the end. I also read & den’s ‘A Wonderful Night." “Thanks all vour ticles. May Christmas joy { fill your heart and mind “WILLIAM TYLER PAGE.” 1 for helpful and peace Another letter, dated Christmas day, deals with a faithful colored i, undoubtedly of the type men in the opening paragraphs of ticle. car Sir: Your articles in The Star are about such interesting subjects—may 1 suggest to you one T think interesting? It s ‘Our Lucy is our negro maid, whose with our family isn't so very old—not more than I think—so she must have been & young woman when she first came to my mother. She was a widow with three children, all of them mar ried now, doing well “She has been a faithfu and a faithful s nt. w mother was very ill for month | she died Lucy was Sl could her, There was genulne love between my mother and Lucy, and she mourn ed as we did when my mother died 15 years Since the devoted b sist She never complains - ney when she doesn’t feel well—h; mother my before more than faithful was indefatigable. We never have pulled through without s to he begged to stay home when she is sick (which has only happened once). Her troubles are never imposed upon us but our troubles are e £ to her After a hard time is pert she will tell us. though we constantly ask about her home affairs. She is a ways a faithful cou o “She does every z for us, not on the needs and wishes. Today we gave her a made just for ‘her, with her nam it and five little candles, each standing on five-dollar gold piece. We also gav her a ‘poem’ whic m inclosing, and she sat there with tears in her eyes | while I read it. cipates our 1 “It's poor poetry, but it's fine and true sentiment. Does she seem rather perfect Well, she’s the hest Christian 1 know “Very sincerely yours, C. H * * 1 make no apology to Miss B. for reprinting her letter here, &s 1 feel she has written ahout Lucy much | better than I could ever do it. Her letter is a good exemplification of the B of Zino The recent ho: offi- rise in power in China, supported by { the Chinese colleges and the thou- | sands of voung Chinese agitators | He gloated over the unrest wi { he predicted would follow in Britisi ch cial of the Russian Soviet Union, not mere vaunting. He pointed to | the spread of bolshevism in ( 4 | the Russian Ambassador Karakhan's THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. ., THURSDAY, -DECEMBER 31. 1925. THIS AND THAT E. TRACEWELL. old maxim, “Look in thy heart and write.” The verse which she inclosed follows: Whao is it gets our breakfast nice. And packs our lunches in a trice, Aud alway Our Lucy. Who works for us 8o hard all day, And never stops a bit 10 play, ! then can look so sweet and’ gay? Jur Lucy. keeps so0 sweet and nice? Who's there when we get home from school, And find the clothes ironed as by rule, And onthe stove the steaming gruel? Our Lucy. Who cooks a perfect dinner auite, And serves it 0 us ever pight, And leaves the kitchen shining’ bright” Our Ly Who keeps our roms go neat and clean, The best that ever has been seen? No_better maid than she, 1 ween Our, When we sick and in th pillow to the b when we're near Who always sgees the cheerful And will not let the xlo A faith servant, true ou One hardly knows who to congratu late the most, the girls or Lucy. As for the author of the poem, she de- serves a medal, if for no othér re: | than so blithely rhyming school, ru sruel * ¥ istmas glit “Dear 1 was following v tense interest the story of | Roque going to Florida, etc. 1 ¢ I not think the story finished, but yc hav given us something else this week. Please finish the story, it was EL ind so human Mr. Tracewell, comy ed, won't yvo one article on New Year { within the next few days. | I enjoy your articles so much that look for your column hefore any other., With best wishes for you and | Jack ‘spratt, T am | “Very truly yours. Mr: * %k w Anothe: But, if that story please write resolutions is |1 G | Accompanying a box of catnip from | Lake Champlain, came the following | tetter to Mr. sy t “Dear Jack Spratt: It makes me | maa t ve to put that ‘dear’ he fore your name. I lashed my tail and nurrowed ‘my eves. Also—just |at the thought of parting with even | such small quantity of catnip, but it will help (a Jittle) to fill up that hum! You see, there was quite a good | sized tin can full, which was to be sent to you some time ago, in fact | was brought from Lake Champlain | for that very purpose | “But day I appeared at the | door, « we been appearing twice | and sometimes three times a day ever | since, because I get dishes of delicious | salm 1 do not sleep in this house, but_prefer to prowl around at night “However, 1 am glad to crawl into box on some nice soft burlap tha the folks put on the back porch. Once when I walked in to breakf: I heard this 1 d with it T rolled nd ate it so q that every f davs they | just a littie saving. “There! you can have—it's Jack Spr | I got =0 1 hated the name of Spratt, | becau ey would read about you | from The Star to a man in the hous who called me ‘Hobo. But I want » keep in their good graces and be | that salmon. and bestde N Christmas, so 1 am sending the very small amount that remained in the | ean. My adopted folks join in wish ing vou and vour folks a very merr Christmas. HOBO TON BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. | of Deputies that all Moslem is becom port of the native re. 1 his statement by Premier Briand mation that the nly at Britain in her ds and possibly the In Indix, the M ms last week held clearing travel lanes, followed at once e — | India, for he made no secret of the presided over by by removal of the snow piles. What-{ About the most tangible result of | P€F ““‘"'\' e LELWEEn oty £ leader, at which v 5 this work i 2 Soviets and the * itish imperial- resistan B inst ver the cost, this work should be|the discussion of evolution was toligs™ Al this is openly referred to | British i case of war with Turkey. one thoroughly, and the expenditure |create a temporary demand at the|in Zinovievs “Russian forelgn| Gandh. <itation throughout India will be a good Investment in insurance | book shops for the works of Darwin, | policy.” X Whlehitie naq lcarrien on for_severai S { E ears, has failed in its program of against damage. - | “passive resistance.” but it has 1ot e S | The coal market is not expected to IT"‘" lf“’““f"' threat does not Yest|its seeds of discontent and revolt e % S H : alone ords. sondon S re-|planted in fertile soi s failure was A New York movie director informs pay any attention to the custom of | Ceived a disturbing report. from the | Bimenstinto e ook (05 fullure was the world that he had great difficulty |making price reductions after the|Indian viceroy that Soviet troobs | alihoueh efforts have been directed in finding extra ladies who could |Christmas holiday: have advanced into Afghanistan and |t revival of cottuge weaving and boy smoke clgarettes, as required by the L X taken possession of the Afghan army | eott of English machinemada eloty, scenarfo. It may become a part of | the mission of film actresses to exer- cise a conservative influence over the customs of society ladies. ————s. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON, Human Ingratitude. stmas is over. A joyous relief 0ld Santa provided for many a grief. The small boy returns to his previous play, While the hair of the family further turns gray. A few authors are protesting that it is not the proper function of *univer- sity courses” to teach people how to write for print. And yet—if they only could! | ————s If city flivvers are not allowed to stand in the streets over night, a gen- uinely practical “back to the farm® movement may be expected. e Superpipers. More bunk is written about bag- pipes than about almost any other musical or nearmusical instrument, and by people who ought to know bet- ter. The latest is from Glasgow, that city on the Clyde where pipers are as plentiful as starlings around the Pu- laski Statue. It is to the effect that the bagpipe was recently introduced in a jazz band there and that only large men are engaged as jazz pipers be- cause of the necessity of having fndi- viduals with an enormous lung expan- slon who are capable of keeping pace with the saxophone and with double- quick time. The music of the pipes is continu- ous and it takes no greater lungs to play the fastest reel ever composed than to play a single sustained note. The tempo rests entirely with the nimble fingers. Strathspeys, laments, reels, coronachs: salutes and pibrochs demand precisely the same amount, of wind. The best and the most endur- ing piper in the United States is a slender man not more than five feet six in height. He can start in with any band, jazz or otherwise, and still be blowing jauntily when his con- freres have collapsed. But evidently the idea of gigantic, barrel-chested Scots, puffing like Aeolus at a’super- human pace, appealed to the corre- spondent and he thought it would ap- peal to readers over here. That the Highland bagpipes are not a well known instrument is evidenced on every hand. Illustrators misdraw them; Instrumentalists give faulty phonetic imitations of /them; stage comedians playing imaginary pipes al- ways waggle their elbows in a gro- tesque manner which, if applied to the veal leathern bhag, would effectually Christmas is over. fair. The debt is collected. all square. The small boy remarks: “Since I've nothing to lose I may now misbehave just as much as I choos The bargain is Accounts are Self-Sacrifice. “Are you going to turn oyer a new leat?” “Thanks for the reminder!” ex- claimed Senator Sorghum. “With so many projects on hand for reforming the business and pleasure of our pub- lic and the methods of the world at large, T had almost forgotten about my personal aftairs.” Angels Can’t Smoke. I said she was an angel—yet The thought mo longer clings. An angel with a cigarette Would surely singe her wings. Jud Tunkins says the wicked and sporty people set the fashlons. No- body, however kind and generous, wants to wear a Santa Claus suit the year round. A Make-Over Make-Up. “The motion picture lady who play- ed the vamp was terribly made-up.” “She was,” agreed Miss Cayenne. “Instead of a vamp she looked like a revamp.” Precaution. Ice is a fragile thing, we know, So wherefore trust the Fates? A life preserver ought to go With every pair of skates. “De man dat says ‘Happy New Year,'” said Uncle Eben, “may only be followin’ a formality. But he’s like a parrot dat says, ‘Polly wants a cracker.’ If he says it often enough he’s Yable to get his wish.” post of Darkbad, on the Oxus River one of the gateways to India. The invaders are reported actively en gaged in building roads from the Oxus River to Kabul. Rumor states that the Soviet government and the Ameer of Afghanistan are allied in preparations to aid Turkey in the event of war against Great Britain to protect the Turkish claims to Mosul, and to that end the Russians are assisted by the Afghans as well as the Chinese in spreading bolshe- vik prop nda throughout India and in otherwise fomenting ur and rebellion. | This report comes from a highly credited English correspondent, Mr. Spender. Mr. Spender also predicts a renewal of Kurdish hostilities in Syria, against Great Britain, and a widespread Moslem _uprising, not simply to support Turkey (whose government of voung Turks has de- stroyed the Moslem caliphate and declared against Mohammedan priesthood and customs), but, pri marily, to destroy British power in the Orfent. The Westminster Gazette land) gives full credence Spender's fears and points to the danger lying in the Mosul contro- versy, adding: “If there is assurance of Russian support, Turkey may (Eng to Mr. ject of Mosul"—in resistance of the award of Mosul by the League of Nations to Great Britain. Sk It is announced that Russia and Turkey have made a treaty mutually pledging “neutrality” in case either be attacked, but Zinoviev, speaking of bolshevism in China, says that where millions of people are involved against the ‘“Western imperialists” there can be no neutrality which would not be alid to the imperialists. There 1s more than suspicion that the Russo-Turkish treaty goes far- ther than mere neutrality, and that war between England and Turkey would find Russia in active alliance with the Turks, with Moslem unrest and bolshevik disturbances in other quarters of the Orient, aimed against England. Yesterday' Assoclated Press dis- patches from Turkey announced a se- cret session of the Turkish war coun- cil and an advance of troops to the Mosul frontier. President Mustapha Kemal Pasha declared that plans are being devised to conform with the new Russo-Turkish treaty and that {t is essential to increase the army's fight- ing value. This is accepted as tanta- mount to a threat of early hostilitles. * ok ko Japan will be expected to stand with Great Britain against Russia, as she is already in conflict with Russia over Manchuria. France, too, finds no outlook for peace in her Syrian war with the Druses. Gen. Sarrail, formerly the French commander in the Franco- Druse war, has stat=d in the Chamber prove to be implacable on the sub- | none but the leaders : conference in homesp Superseding the of Gandhi, there the Sv peared at the N sive resistance’” | es another party, | the aj, founded by the late (. R, | Das, whose resistance is more active { The Swaraj undertake to elect their | representatives to all counei for the | purpose of obstructing legislation and :( xplofting Indian_grievances and in- creasing unrest. The activities of the araj make it possible for the British to continue the plan of government | by the Dyarchy—a dual government | with one official a native. All British | reforms are thus swept away and open | conflict with the natives takes their :\lu(‘n This 1(1»:'(‘9 Increased repressive measures with consequen unrest and resistance Moo * ¥ ¥ % The World War is said to hav g much to do with loss of ]Xrit‘;:):eptzgf- tize in India. Thousands of Indian ’wfldinrs participated in that war, and there came in contact with the Ocei. dentals. They returned disillusioned ax to British superman power leform measures were grante {India in 1919, with the y)!‘v’\!l’lglfi-,“o‘f(erl‘f'j government in 1829, but the native agitators now declare that they i1l not wait four years more—they de- mand _self-government at once, and the Soviet propaganda encour: that demand. s S * Poverty, ignorance and moral weak- ness of the masses of Indls neo them alone powerless in revolt. That has been amply demonstrated by the century of British rule, sustained b; a_mere handful of soldier: Great Britain with 65,000 soldiers holds rule over 320,000,000 natives, covering an aren equal to all the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. But the fact that 94 per cent of the natives are {lliterate and easily misled by fanatical leaders, like the “great” Gandhi, only adds to the uncertainty and dangers of powerful leadership, which might come from bolshevist Russians and wily Turks, supported by religious fanaticism and caste prejudices, with the cry of “the Orient and Orientals!” B A writer who has lived in India ex- presses one phase of the situation as follow _“Try to imagine this Republic (the United States) ruling_over 20,000,000 Frenchmen in the North, 30000000 Spaniards in the East, 20,000,000 Italians in the South and 10,000,000 Germans in the Middle States, 90 per cent illiterate and speaking their own language and no other, about 3 per cent of the remainder speaking the language of Congress.” That illus. trates polyglot Indla. In addition to the babel of tongues, there are the antipathies of religions and of castes—200,000,000 Hindus with their inborn self-superiority over all others, 60,000,000 Moslems, tied by religious prejudices to outside Mo- hammedans, and 53,000,000 ‘‘untouch- ables,” and millions of Buddhists. (Copyright. 1925, by Paul V. Colllns.y THE NORTH WINDOW By Leila Mechlin. In the drawing room at the Octagon hang two beautiful steel engravings executed over a hundred years ago. They are both by an engraver nam Gmelin. Q. Where do we get the nitrate of soda used in this country?—J. 1| A. Practically 100 per cent of the One is a picture of Tivoli, | nitrate of soda used in this coun: is and bears the date i808; the other is {imported from Chile, South America. of the Palazzo ¥Falconieri, and is dated 5 e 1814. The latter is a copy of a paini-| Q. When were trousers worn strap ing by Nicholas Poussin; the name of the painter of the formef is not given Possibly 1t 1s an original work by the engraver. Hoth bear the official seal ped under the instep?—H. A. D. A. This fashion for pantaloons was at its helght in 184 Q. What did Michelangelo mean b of the Calcografia di Roma, which cor . oo sl gion 5 t responds in'Italy to the Caligraphic | SinE I carry my satchel still H du Louvre. These engravings, A il et 2 with whife mats and narrow Ay retark, made Jate In life, molding, bring to mind the charm | Sbodies the thought that, though an O A hiamen, o Emiriic axpresien, | Clderly man, Michelangeio’ was ai and recall the popularity of such|® - - works a ¢ 'y and less he Do e ooy 2l lon e 122, 16 peat still used for fuel in Tre . - ot and?—M. T. tive—an accurate represen of s IR : was in 1808, but as it is today, for f boggy land, where peat is found. From very early times peat fortunately the Italians have guarded this beautiful work of natu it is now a delight to the e jealous country and stjll continue 80 tha AL o extensively tod; to be used of the traveler as ft was then, a has been for countless years. @ st ot o PE— States patent and a S andens 9 e e IS E W Sings eusTaving on conper Lt A. Protection under a United is a difficult art, and one which would 1 to lend ftself but to ub tleties of expression, when patent e United St win Isles, tends throughout co es, Alaska, Haw Guam and th 1 yet, employed by the skilled workman, t nd, upon compliance with certai results attained are astounding, as 0| repulations, to Porto Rico and this instance. Here we have an “vy{- Philippine Islands. Protection u orate gcene n only accurately but |, British patent extends only thro most artistically rendered, and tho: the Un d Kingdom and the Isle the plcture is in black and white, s Man: Eritlsh colonles and depend are the values that an Impres correct vely their owr There is great demand terpretation of a great painting than of in inaccurate color print. bacte L produce an enz. 1 calves E L stomachs to curdle milk ¢ to return to the subject of steel [ making. Under some conditio e vings. It is interesting to con-fhacteria curdle milk before | Sider, at this time particularly, when |acid has been produc interest has been focused on the ‘;r'? sour taste {of the carly American silversmiths, i [ e e oy who were the first in| Q. Where does Gityigst engravings on |its drinking water America to produce . : wetal; and yet how natural and r A. The boroug sonab) is was, for the stlversmith, New wishing to embellish the object he had tion entirely The ( engraved its surf The next \turally, was the engraving of | watershe A printing therefrom. It was the silversmiths of Italy who did the irst engraving that was ever done, ind their initial efforts took the form of plaving cards, i{f we remember aright The first copper plate engraver in the colonies known to us today by name was John Coney, born in 165 roton watershed fur L plate al Director General of Railr and died in 1722, examples of whose b | Siiver are to be seen in the exhibition IV—Complete Go {on view here at present in the Na . | tional Gallery of Art. It was he, it | will be remembered. who jocularl Before considering changes in the sok as his mark a little rabbit, or % {exjsting national transportation act at coney. and it was he who did the Mas- | 2o chould be given to the fact that i usetts bills of credit in 1702 and | hiq great law goes forward rather i . perhaps still carlier. Incidental ¢ypyn backward, so far as Government quite a number of our early Amer- | regylation is concerned. It grants the n engravers, not only of colonial|[jicrstate Commerce Commission davs but of the days of the young Re- |plenary authority to supervise and con- public, were employed engraving |trol the issue of all kinds of securities. money. stocks, onds and notes; to pass on other famous silver JNidation and leases; to_contro | Paul Revere | smith, was one of the earliest of our ‘of the “Bostor 0. hand-col b joint on of and distribution, the terminals, t! w lines and the abandonment of ol¢ . the proper division of joint rates, engravers, and his pri . done in 17 wly famous, but rare, { prices today in cl control and ation of local | hands. Doubtless Revera drew tes to the extent that such rates af | compositions at he executed, but | inte e commerce, d the com. those who came after him for the |plete control of all interstate rates { most part reproduced the work of oth- | absolutely depriving the carriers of for instance, one Amos Doolittla authority as to charges for s id a set of four plates of the ice upon which their operating in <acre” from drawings by Ralph I me wholly depends the well known portrait pai T. There As a tter of t, the only right |are some, however. who say that Re-|that Is left to the owners of our xercising ice, umde railroads is the privilege of the competition of good ser vera copied his “Bosten Massacre” | from a mezzotint engraving by P ham, who was. it will be remembered, | the multiplied restrictions of existing the first to make mezzotints in this|laws. So far as regulation is con country and the stepfather of Copley. | cerned, 2 fence has been constructed i around the railroads that, in the srr e language of agriculture, is “hog tight, horse high and bull strong.” * ok ox % The truth of it is that, long series of m: stances very painful, legislative oper atlons, carried on without the use of anesthetics, the railroads have been thoroughly domesticated, completely house-broken. If they ever had any , their fungs have long since been Engraving was the one method of pictorial representation, other than painting and drawing, in those early days, and naturally it was much re- sorted to. Some of the engravings were pathetically crude, a crudeness which is more apparent, perhaps, in ! portraiture than in subject themes. crude. indeed, was some of the | work that the publishers themselves {made apology and asked that “a proper allowance” be made for the weakness of the artist on the grounds that he had obtained his knowledge in | this country. There was a whole serfes of fllus- trative engravings made of the Revo lutlonary War, beginning with Ed- ward Savage's large “Signing of the Declaration of Independence,” in lin and stipple, which remained, however, unfinished. and ending with Tanner's engraving of “The Surrender of Corn wallis at_Yorktown,” from a drawing by J. F. Renault. Savage was painter, engraver and publisher, all in one, and among his most famous prints are his portrait of Franklin and his ple- ture of “Washington and His Fam- ily. through So The Government, having exercised control of the operation of the carrier: in such minute and essential detail cannot escape the responsibility of affording to the owners of the prop- erty, which has thus been taken for a public use, a fair return on its value. This right to & fair return, under ef cient, honest and economical manage- ment, is recognized by the existing act, and is based upon familiar constitu- tional provisions—provisions upon which rests the foundation of our Gov- ernment, and which are essential to its very existence, viz, that “private property shall not be taken for a pub- lic use without due compensation.” It is unfortunate that the general public, especially the shippers of the products of the farm, do not seem to understand the true situation of the 1t is rather sad to realize that as|carriers in their relations to the pub- the demand increased and quick pro- | Jic, and appreciate how abjectly they duction became necessary, methods|are under Government control, and were resorted to which could scarcely | what little discretion their managing conduce to merit. For instance, the | officers have in shaping the destinies head of a portrait which had ceased |of the properties in their chargze. In to sell would be removed and that|this new era of railroad transportation of & popular hero put in its place. | the carriers by rail must stand or fall X portrait of a learned TL. D. thus | with the Government. disappeared and was replaced by the £ E - head of Aesop. Quite natural The broad scope of the plan and the these heads do not fit on the bor- |great object of the national transpor- rowed shoulders. tation act are not generally recognized * and understood. Mr. Chief Justice Taft, speaking for the Supreme Court, £ x k% * ok ok When the National Academy of | Taft, . P e o aong the Tounders | . “The new act seeks affirmatively to build up a system of railways pre- pared to handle promptly all the in- terstate traffic of the country * * ¢ and, by fixing rates for interstate commerce, and, in case of discrimina- tion, for intrastate commerce, to se- cure a fair return upon the property of the carriers.” The act in its purpose is far reach. ing. Its object is to create a co-ordi- nated and efficient. national system of transportation, affording all our peo- was a well known engraver, Peter Maverick, and among the early mem- bers of the academy were other en- gravers. What is more, some of the foremost of the painters of that day began as engravers, and not a few continued for years both to paint and to engrave. About that time the demand for engraving increased. Not only was it used for pictorial representation— that is, fo the picture that one 2 e ple, from ocein to ocean and from framed ‘and hung on one's wall—but | piue N U G R NCL, T for book, magazine and newspaper | .ancportation, efficiently, economic- {llustration it was required; also for business purposes, cards, announce- ments, diplomas and the like. Furthermore, as Frank Weitenkamp?, in his delightful book on American graphic art, admirably puts it, “the growing country ‘was to be pictured in its urban aspects and its natural beauties and wonders,” and so came | into existence a whole interesting series of engravings of American landscapes, some by Durand, others by James Smillie, still others by J. ress of American art and of the spirit hat actuated it Of peculiar interest is all of thi to Washingtoniags, inasmuch as a number of these early American en- gravers came to Washington in the late 60s, when our Bureau of En- graving and Printing was established, to take positions and to carry on the work of engraving for the Gov- W. Casilear, J. A. Oertel and the|ernment. Among these were Casi- Harts, to name only a few. Thus,|lear and Hunt and Hatch and o again quote Mr. Weitenkampf, | Prud’homme and others—an interest- ‘the line engravings in which these works were reproduced served a dis- tinet and educational purpose in bringing before a larger public a knowledge of paintings, of the prog ing little coterie which held together for 20 or more years and did more than a little toward establishing a love of art here in our National ! Capital. has formed an important fuel in this | sion of color is given. This is true of | heany’ cugtems ally every (lmost all good black-and-white repro zed country has such a system ductions, and it is something that few | cy.aiting China; in the case of the dize, hence the common bellef that | tter however, provision exists for a little color applied, whether it he patents gran in zood color or poor color, is an im provement — This is a in which color holds| () poeq sflk have to be spun like| supreme place. in the history | ootton, wool and flax?—H. C. L. of our country t, has color been | ““4 g SO G Silike other textile more lavishly used. strong color more | ayers is a continuous thread and re hly employed. We are nothing to no spinning. However, its ay if not colorful. This applies to for the loom require 8, to house furnishing: even to net operations -—— condition our architecture, and in some i1 throwing, doubling and twisting stances to our sculpture, certainly to ing off, shaking, glossing our painting. jlustring {for color, hence much poor color is} — seen in cheap printing, much poor| ¢ at causes milk to sour and | color is applied to stereoptic on slides why some milk curd en stil to satisfy the uninitiated. Little does [ oo 5798042 18 the average person realize how inis A. The Department of Agriculture leading this may be. A good black-| ' g that milk sours when the lactic n-white reproduction, in which the § S utwienithe tay color values are accurately preserved the milk sugar into acid and set forth, will give a far truer in scipitate the casein. Certair THE PROBLEM OF THE RAILROADS BY J.C. | not r, and in some in-| ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. | nishes about half of the water supph | the other half being obtained from th { Esopus watershed. The Catskill sap. | ply. introduc 17 obtained | from the Schol ster- | sheds, in the « water is diverted through the = Ken tun At the et of tunnel the water thus diverte the water d finds its wa servoir, where it of the Esopus « into the Ashokan ix available for 1 ski aqueduct. The Reservoi lies about 14 miles the Hud son at Kingston, he Croton watershed lles 2 of th north of jeld of e water fr collected s and ponds. city line, and | square miles, and a safs 000,000 gallons a o | the Croton water )lin? How ma . H The daily Burean dollar biil aving output Why th points on e nal origir musi. Q. How long. wide and deep is the er Jordan?—11. K The River Jorda 00 1 i although a direct route i flow b In some 2 feet deep son the Jordarn se 4 to 5 feet nd size are approximately were in Ne Testament times. to questions printed (The answers | here each day are specimens’ picke: from the mass of inquiries han , the great information bureaw of The Washington Evening Star. This vaiu is for the free use of the able servics public. Ask any question of fact you may want to know and you will get an immediate reply. Write plainly inclose ® cents in mps for retur postage and address The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Has- kin, director. Washington, D. C.) DAVIS, oads of the United States. vernment Control. and honestly conducted, to the I,vm that commerce between all se tions of the country can be profitab) carried « and successfi n. It cor | templates ¢ d mainte | nance upon a permanent basis of the greatest industrial plant in the world While main the integrity of e indi s, and sustaining | t the com- o good s s co-ordinate inteicha car- | riage of | to give a r this country of : {tem of t ation | but sun, to public reg |is to succeed, and if ultin ent owne: be co: great can stand fr | of individual or segregated es of shippers limited loca or territories, nor it be measured and d; the de- sires or interests of separ dependent systems of raflroad. It ust have for its ultimate purpose the co-ordination, in the way of in terchange in operation, of the many vstems, to the end that the publi will recefve efficient service at the | lowest possible rates consistent with |a fair return to the owners f . public use of their property. * x x ¥ The controlling propositi | which the entire transporta { tlon revolves are service : It is essential in the public interest that the railroads give efficient ser- ice. A farmer will properly feed and protect his work horses, wil!l properiy {oil and m: h h utomcbile, his traction engine and his thrasher, to the end that he will receive the benefir of good service. FEfficient servic rallroad transportation is identicai in principle with efficient service in anv other vital element necessary to suc cess in business. The railroad, in .» larger sense, bears the same relatior to the man on the farm that his otk | machinery does. Without convenient and reliable transportation, there i no market for farm product In the last three yvears the carriers under the provision of the transporia 1s about on que. nd rates. tion act, have made a remarkable showing "in efficient and economical {overation, and much progress in the { rehabilitation of thei There has been practica | shortag Droperties I¥ no car | shippers, as a general rule, have had their tonnage reach the m ket on schedule time i 1.000.00 car loadings per week frequent as to fail to attract n. The beneflt to the public of this kind of service is of great value. Tt puts the producer’s market upon | more reliable basis. A shipper ca determine with some accuracy when his shipments will reach destination It saves hoth the jobbing und retall merchants large investment in sur- plus and unproductive stock. It s m very material factor in the wenersl prosperity of the Nation There is a lot of psychology in tha matter of rates and much misconcep tion as to the effect of same. Ordi- narily a fair analysis will disclose that the selling price of staple products fs controlled by economic conditions rather than by freight rates. To fllus- trate, the average freight rate from producing points on _wheat from Kansas and on corn from Town to their primary markets is from 10 |cents to 17 cents per bushel. An in- e or decre: of 5 or 10 per cent in these rate | dividual shipper, |to 13 cents per bushel, much than the ordinary weekly fluctuat of the market, and in no case re ttent when applied to the in- is from one-half cent less clent to seriously affect a farn community as a whole or the individ val farmer's ultimate success or failure. The same difference in rates, if ap- plled to the tonnage of a great rail- road system, will in many instances spell the difference between solvency and bankruptcy—efficient or inefficient service. I doubt if there is any sensi- ble shipper, if the question were put to him as an individual, who would for a moment consider exchanging efficient freight service as a vital ele- ment in his business for a trifling change in freight rates, either up or Aown. (Copyright. 1923.)