Evening Star Newspaper, December 27, 1925, Page 4

1 RUSSO-TURK PAC SPURNS COVENANT ™ Is Notice to World Two Na- tions Are at War on Eu- rope’s Political System. LY ANDRE TARDIEL. Tle Sta December treaty of fr benevolen open declaration of existing political sys than the d at Rapallo in the noa conference in 1 ion of the principle of Europe.” 12, at the first ce con Ll su President Wilson sed woke representatives of all gov iments then existing, including the soviets. ARIS o Turkish tuie Larope The new wdship n more Russo-Gor dst of the ( uffire rin: Janur Asi : session arrived 1 red the menace was nothing bu s e This was also opinion of Gen. Gough, who after ht defeat on the Somme in March, 1918, had spe zed in oriental questions. President \Wilson remarked: “All hese plans against the soviets make me think of Dame Partington or King anute trying to sweep back the sea with a broom » had Opposed by Clemenceau. Clemenceau alone resisted. *arleying with the bolshe complish nothing except . en them." News that the Russo-Turkish treaty been signed brings back these emories. rou he Locarno pacts Europe 15 increased the importance of the ague of Nations by referring to the cague decisions which heretofore wve been taken by Russia has chosen this moment announce that her refusal to join the cague is final and not conditional. The Turks choose the same moment o sign a treaty with Russia under which they mutually agree to abstain rom joining any union or convention directed against either. Coming im- mediately after the league’s decision in the Mosul case, which may imply concerted action against Turkey, this treaty has unmistakable significance. Present Solid Front. Moscow and Angora unite ent a solid front aga "nion to pre- it the Geneva thus forming an Eastern bar- o the league’s activities, whick eady are limited on the West by American abstention. > al the map reveals what th ans Poland, Rumania,” Bulga y ce, Great Britain, Japan and China, ail mem- her of the league, are neighbors cither of Russia or Turkey. All these natjon ped to obtain security rough membership in the league. T'h are mformed now that in two directions at least the league's juris diction | is repudiated. The writer 1 > directions,” for that this cx- followed. olution, asty's faithful rance and downfall to the Egypt _ nor Jjoined.” " Recent show how Soviet influence has ressed in China. Thus tomorrow ndreds of millions may elude inter- ul solidarity the final triumph f which was believed to haye been aled at Locarno. roasted that old sy inces which divided peopies were lished; but alr there has arisen antagonism which past history ver has equaled long enmity can be bet- 5 new move- never. ind more comple: | since our era of uni- reconciliation. Botha's opti- aphorism now is only seven 8o Lloyd Soviets at Genoa Lausanne. have reached —will remain’ ? Neither ghanistan has they ems of world in two the ersal stie ruition. COLD WAVE PROMISES NEAR-ZERO WEATHER s disappeared b om 2 above in 14 above in the vici COLD IN MOUNTAINS, Fhermometers Register 4 Near Cumberland Above Zero. CUMBE Railroad de The Star December thermometers reg- ihove zero in the this morning atures ranged between wountains, to 16 above the valleys of this sec- er temper we, in the ere, and in inches of snow the Oakland, ind Deer inches ction fell Terra Park section in_the Elkir The Potomac River other bodies ice covered. SIX DEAD IN ( ves. AGO. I'hree of These Frozen to Death, While Suffering is Widespread. CHICAGO, December 26 (P).—Death, suffering and fires resulted from the coldest day of the Winter in Chicago. Six deaths were indirectly includin death, hund were reported nd calls for « cived from poc 10 eity More vorted for the day The mercury touched Tro ton! d continued to fall reaching ow Wo hours Jater, while Weather Bureau predicted o W with little 1t COLDEST IN MI Hibbing Furnishes Unofficial Report of 30 Below Zero. ST. PAUL, Minn, December 26 ). —Minnesota was the coldest State the Union today. Mild vs scurried from the Nor| we an unofficial 30 below ce at Hibbing. North Dakota and Wisconsin ex rienced weather similar to that in linnesota, while South Dakota re orted comparatively mild tempera In North as Minot stered o tempe linn., St. ®aul he T to the cold weather to- three men frozen to s of cases of suffering lief nizations and food w re- milies throughout 100 fires were re- sht be- the 10 below 1 immediate SOTA. tempera- Dakota the where the below. ratures in Duluth coldest point thermometer Other below uded 17: _ Minneapolis It was 28 below at oba. Twenty-six dollars a intmum w i Paris, ) > month i paid fo stenog the phers neutrality | the | ed, | Alta, | wttributed directly | Winter | hwest be- | Virginia. | THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. (., DECEMBER-/27, 1925—PART 1. SCIENTIST OVERLOOKS DEADLY ;SHAW EES GOOD TIME COMING, WITH ON lieves Y 4 HO Sociali Loosen Tie of Marriage. Holds Great Advance Will Be in Le Freedom. ure for BY HAYDEN CHURCH. Special Correspondent of Th and Nurth A b { LONDON December | Bernard Shaw has marked {ing of the old year with mtline of ditatior on the | | philosophy lism Shaw s 1 peculiariy intellectual | v, but annually he contrives to it back to public attention in vivid way. is his lecture before his fa- | | vorite “Fabian Soclety” was u picture | jof a modern Utopia. - He promised a working day of only four hou for | all mankind, and he outlined his lat-| n marriage and religion, | what he called a “‘new Star A George he pass s annual ism is of | sor reedon; “What 11 be the idard working ¥ under this ideal state?” Mr, aw asked himself, and forthwith lied | T tuke it that the economies®which will be effected by socialism, and the tremendous impulse given to produc- tion, and the stoppage of all the ter- 3 waste of all our workin ergies by unproductive or actu: { mischieveous labor will mean, very least, tha every day will should call a half holiday. Division of Day. rate, for the purpose of rgument, I take it that the standard will be this: Four hours work, ht hours sleep and. ay, four for ting, drinking, dressi undressing, little resting that is not included in your sleep, and a certain amount of time for getting about. “Therefore what we may look for- ward to is that socialism will give every one of us eight hours a day of leisure—a word which has fallen a great deal too much out of use. It is @ better word really than freedom, be- cause people may employ thelr lelsure i to destroy their freedom. But, never- | theless, as f: as socfalism is con- cerned, it may confidently offer to the community the prospect of having eight hours leisure every da “Of course, you could not c ngement such as that in the f every individual. There are certain kinds of work, and very im- ’lmrtan[ work. too, which cannot be arranged in that way. I could give ou many instances of the sort of work which you cannot knock off at a particular hour; the nature of the work does not admit of it. But still, if vou have your standard day, that | standard day to this, that a { man gets one-third of his whole time, of his whole life, as his leisure time;| people who c: divide their work in days, can have, say, four months ear in three; you may work it out any way vou like. Judging by Results. “There are also certain people | whose work will have to be judged jmore or less by results; you will get to a point at which it is almost im- possible to calculate in terms of lefs ure at all, and you have to let a man or woman do exactly what they like, provided they are producing some sort of result. Those are more or less | exceptional cases. | “Let vour mir of future which comes with eight hours of leisure a day. Think of everything it would encourage in the way of inftiation and invention, the { tremendous fruits of leisure. That leisure, I think, might become by far the bisiest and the most fruitful vart of the days that we should live. “I believe that we should probably {do with less bread and butter. I am |certain we should do with less | clothes; I am not at all certain Mr. Wells is not right in looking forward to the time when, at least in the mid dle of the Summer, we might do al- most without them. There is already a large movement that way among women. i “Our leisure will become an ex- { traordinarily fruitful leisure. It is { the freedom which will transform the { world far more than the mere eco- { nomic side of socialism. “the be | what we “At rry out an | | play over the sort Eight Hours of Leisure. “The only thing I want to insist {upon is that the adjustment has al | ways got to be made in terms of sure, because you cannot make it | in terms of money, as we do it today, | by paying one person more and an lother person less. The very first | postulate of s ism, the thing with- {out which is no socialism, hat every person shall have an ex- factly and prec ¢ equal income so far as it is to bring that fabout. I you may be tempted | 1o alter that, that is fundamental in {the whole business; the moment you {depart from that, your socialism will i come to pleces at once. All the ad- { justments have to be made in terms of leisure, or possibly in terms of | {other amenities which people may de- | Isire. One of the things people must count upon in socialism is that they will never be allowed to get one {venny ahead of their neighbors in point of money, or, for the matter of . a penny behind; it is just as it a crime in one way as the is he socialist may say to the man |who is anxious about his freedom in the future: Socialism offers you what | you really cannot get, what certainly everyhody cannot possibly get, under the existing system, and that is eight hours’ leisure, eight hours’ freedom a jday. If he says, ‘Yes, eight hours’ |freedom a day, but will T be rel giously and politically free during |that time?” the first impulse of the socialist is to say, ‘What is that to See thou to that.’ Possibility of Freedom. “As far as socialism goes it will jgive people the possibility of being {free during that time, and it would |seem that, having shown how that may be secured, the socialist has nothing more to say on the subject | of freedom than anybody else has. He | {may s CHaving gained this lei. | sure, which we never had before, if you like to use it to enslave your- | selves, which would be very likely what_you would do, judging by what you do at the present time, well, that is not the fault of socialism.” All we {can say is that we offer you larger | opportunities for freedom’ than the { present system or any other imagina- | | ble system can possibly offer you, at least as far as the human brain can work out systems at present.’ | “But I do not myself dismiss the |matter quite so summarily as that, | !because socialism will undoubtedly |alter social pressures very consider- ably, and when you alter social pres- sures you produce conditions which make it very difficult to ne what | | might or might not happen. | | Marriage Old and New. 1 Mr. Shaw's next subject was mar- riage. He looked into the future for a new freedom in matters of matri- {mony. frankly confessing that he ex- | pected @ loosening of ties which he | believes at present make for unhap- ress. He put it this way vill marriage be affected by | this extension of freedom? It will | be affected, not by the mere question {of leisure, but’ the condition of | the working d . of equal income, agd | so on, which will involve the almost |not because they {experience of the world, |you |husband URS’ WORK A DAY will| GEORGE BERNARD SHAW. entire abolition of what we call vested interests. The abolition of vested in- terests will have certain effects in political and social progress. But when you come to domestic freedom, then it is not so much a case of vested interests—it is a case of economic in- dependence “A tremendous necessarily be made if you bring about a state of soclety in which every individual is absolutely econom- ically independent—that is to say, in a family the husband is economically independent of the wife, and the chil- dren ave economically independent of the parents. I'rom the moment the child is born the child has an income which is equal to that of the prime minister—unless, indeed, it may pos- sibly be found necessary to allow the baby more for a very brief time. But what is it that keeps house- holds together at the present time? We are all, T suppose, happily mar- ried men, more or less. Some of us are really so unhappily married that we allow ourselves to recognize the fact that we are unhappily married, but a very great many of us would only recognizé that we were not very happily married if we could escape from the marriage. Practicality of Mind. “There is an extraordinary practi- cality about the human mind, men's and women’s. Somehow or other the ordinary men or women who have got what is called good sense, do not al- low themselves to worry about things that cannot be helped. Accordingly, suppose you have @ man and woman married together: if the woman can- not break up her household and go, because she has no means of ex- istence, and if the man is really in the same position and cannot extricate himself without ruining or embarrass- ing himself tremendously, then those two people will never allow their minds to dwell on the fact that thay are not well suited to each other might do better elsewhere. They know that they would be asking for trouble if they allowed themselves to face that. “We have at the present certain number of suitable marriages. I know some of them myself. I recall two marriages which really seem to be romantically successful. But they are not the first attempts, in either case. One man is ideally attached to his wife, who is ideally attached to him, and she is a very charming and talented woman: but in order to marry him she had to make her previous husband di- vorce her. In the other case, the husband has tried one wife before and the lady has had two husbands. The thing has been arrived at by a process of trial and error, and the result is all right. Nature of Marriages. “Now between the happy marriages, on the one hand, and the down: right unhappy marriages—the ones which just stop short of being so in- tolerable that people get divorced and break them up-—there are a large number of unions in which people €0 on together because they myst. “I occasionally get a letter from a lady—it is almost always from a lady— who says: ‘Dear Mr. Shaw, I hope you will excuse the liberty I take in writ- ing to you, though I do not know you, but I feel that 1 must tell you that your book has changed the entire cur- rent of my life. T saw vour very beau- tiful Candida, and I immedtiately left my husband and formed a union with the man whom I felt really was my affinity. “Well, when I pursue spondence I invariably ask this ques- tion: ‘Did you find this second man any improvement on the other chap?’ I am sorry to destroy the romance of the situation by declaring that in almost every case the answer is strong- Iy in the negative: in fact, in quite a large proportion of them the lady ad mits that she went out of the frying difference will time a very happy and the corre- |pan into the fire. Matrimonial Pragmatists. “'A great many people hold together, have a very ex- travagant esteem or affection for one another, but because they think that they might go farther and fare worse. They have no conviction, after a little that they would do any-better in any other con- nection. That, of course, may be a powerful reason even under socialism for keeping people togther, but when make all possible allowances I think you will see that in a state of things where a wife could leave her without experiencing the slightest pecuniary ~ embarrassment where she would be perfectly self- supporting, where she would have an income quite independent of whether she was with her husband or not, and where the husband would be in exact- ly the same position in regard to him. self—naturally the social pressure that keeps many households together would break up—that is to say, a great many households that do not now break up would break up under so- clalism, because there would be a great deal of trial and error before the perfect union was formed. “I also very much doubt whethet the union under socialism would be of that extremely close nature that it is at present. I mean the way in which married people, even under existing circumstances, interfere with one an. other’s lives to an entirely unneces- sary extent. ‘Would Loosen Ties. “When the economic pressure was removed I think that the marriage tie would really be a looser tie, and that 1 think would make for greater free- dom and prabably for greater hap- piness in marriage. “But I remember a nobleman who died a little time ago, a very noble nobleman, saving that the reason he was opposed to socialism was that he was afraid it would break up the fam- ily. He was a man whose own char- acter in that respect was of extraordi- nary latitudinarianism. But still he had, as very often is the case with men of that kind, such a dread of a world consisting largely of people like themselves that he really was con- cerned at the loosening of the mar- riage tie. “I think that we must frankly con- fess that the effect of socialism would be to loosen all those ties which at resent make for unhappiness and the restriction of freedom. ‘Of course, marriage is an extraordi- ariiy elastic_term. Marriage does not mean to a Roman Catholic what ft means to a Protestant. It does not mean in France and Norway what it means in England, and it is even a different thing in Scotlund to what it is in England. But if you take it in its widest sense, that it means a regis- tration by the state, of an assoclation | of two persons of opposite sexes with { a view to producing a family, then you will always have marriage, and what the people will make of that marriage will, of course, depend T largely on themselves. “One does not see, beyond the fact of registration, that Socialism is going to interfere with them.” New Freedom in Religion. In his closing paragraph, Mr. Shaw took up the place of religion in his new Utopla. “Grown-up people must find their own religion.” he said. “You cannot control their religion; you can make them go to church, you can make them repeat a certain creed, you can say, ‘If you do not repeat the creed we will burn you'—under such cir- cumstances, they say, ‘Thank you, I will repeat the creed.’ That does' not make people believe the creed, and it finally cannot make them behave as if the creed meant anything. “But when you come to the ques- tion of children, then, of course, Social- ism will necessarlly bring about a very great change. You see, Soctalism is not one of these things that is going to be established by nationaliz- ing the means of production and ex- change and so on, und you must not think that on that basis the thing will go on and that we shall live happily ever after. That is a nine- teenth- century delusion. If there is one lesson which we ought to have learned from the history of the last two centurles it is the iesson taught us by the German poet Goethe, who said that the man who wanted life and freedom has got to fight for them every d Socfallsin_has not only to be set going but it has to be kept going, and it never can be kept go- ing unless every child is educated as a Communist. “How utterly disheartening it has been to us all to find that when we had educated these people in our own ion who were live wires, who pable of education, that then few years passed and the whole thing was gone; a new generation had come up in the hands of the parson, in the hands of the squire, being taught in the old ways and taught the old things, being given the RBible as a rule of conduct, and being given the catechism and the prayer book and so on! Religious Education for Children. “We fail because we can't get at the children. We with great diM- “culty root out of the minds of our generation everything that was taught at school, and then another genera- tion comes along~ with all the old things golng. Now, if anybody im- agines that a Socialist state, a Social- ist government, is going to let the schools alone and let that sort of thing go on in the name of religious freedom or anything else, they are tremendously mistaken. “Take the Bible, for instance, H. G. Wells pointed out quite a long time ago that Deuteronomy and Leviticus, the Ten Commandments and the laws of Moses are no use to us, because there is nothing in them about capital and dividends, nothing about modern political econ- omy. They are not applicable. As far as they are applicable, they are entirely anti-Soclalist; they are indi- vidualist, as we sometimes improperly call them. “It is clear to me that a Soclalist government will say of the Bible: This literature is very interesting from an artistic point of view; people who want to become cultivated, people who, for instance, want to get an artistic literary cultivation, certainly must read the Bible, but we are not going to allow any person to put that Bible into the hands of a child and tell the child either that it is true a a statement of fact in every particular or that it is a desirable guide to con duct. “To teach them, we have got to get a Bible of our own. Remember, that the book we call the Bible is the lit erature of the Jews. We have a ve magnificent literature of our one quite comparable to that; Socialism will say: We will have our own religion; we will not have an Oriental religion which is completely out of date and is getting out of date even in the East, we will have an O- cidental, a Western religion, that ie longs to our own time and that touches the morality of our own time. Can’t Destroy Religion. You will have, of course, many people who will say, We told you so Socialism wants to abolish religion If the sort of thing that they teach in the schools is religion, we ure go. ing to abolish it. But genuine re 1igion fs not quite so easily killed; even the Bible cannot kill it, no matte: how unscrupulously you use it. “I remember our friend, Stewart Headlam, who was & clergyman, used to say in our early days, although he was a strong Christian Soclalist ‘What we have got to do with the Bible is to bury it for 100 years, and then let it be discovered for what it is and admired for what it is.’ “I do not say that Soclalism will bury the Bible for 100 years, because it is a thing you cannot do; the Bible would be too strong if you tried to do that. But you can put it in its prop- er place; and you will have to dc what they are trying in Russia—take the children and teach them the moral- ity of communism and socialism, teach them freedom in the service of the community. “‘You may take it that on the whole there will be a tolerably stHf state re- liglon which will be taught to chil- dren, and anybody endeavoring to teach the children anything else will probably be treated exactly as we should treat a person like Fagin in ‘Oliver Twist,” who deliberately taught children how to pick pockets. A great deal of the morality which is taught at the present time, and which chil- dren are taught to regard as very sacred, and as being the quintessence of honesty, you must remember is, from the Soclalist point of view, noth- ing but picking pockets, and trying to cover up the fact with fine phrases. “My own opinion is that the bur- den of what is at presen: called re- ligion has become so Intolerable that people are unable to concelve free- dom without getting rid of a great deal of it at least. You need not be afraid of killing what are called the eternal elements in it, and vou will have to be rather caretul in dealing with it, because it is very hard to say exactly where people find their natural religlous food. Those of you who have read the works of Samuel Butler will remember a native whom he met whom he called in his book Chowbock. He became a missionary, a preacher, and he was converted to Christianity by the prayer in the Prayer Book for Queen Adelalde. Tt seemed to him to be a beautiful thing and he found salvation in that. “It is all very well to laugh at the old lady who felt plous when she heard the word Mesopotamia, but neverthe- less the word Mesopotamia might have been very much more useful in developing the religlous nature of that ‘woman than, for instance, listening to a speech by me; it is entirely possible. Therefore, I hope that a Socialist government will deal very carefully and not too rationalistically with re- ligion.” Select Their Own Coffins. In many parts of China and Japan “coffin shops” are to be seen on the principal streets. These people like to make early preparations for their demise by purchasing their coffins. ‘The shops show an attractive line of samples from which to make selection. it i suttt TOPGOF FIVNGIG WL BE DISCUSSE Problem’of Making Industrial Property Liquid Security Before Reaity Parley. The financing problem of making industrial property a liquid security will be emphasized in the divisional conferences of the Industrial prop- erty division at the Midwinter meet- ing of the National Assoclation of Real Estate Boards, in New Orleans, January 19 to 21, inclusive. A study of the building construc- tion and management as related to industrial prpoerty as segurity for loans has been recommended to the division by the executive committee, which has just met in executive session at national headquarters, in Chicago. That body has made the topic of financing a problem for re- search and investigation throughout the year as well as the principal subject for the January meeting. James B. Fisher of Brooklyn, N. Y., has been made chairman of a committee to gather material on tha financing of industrial property. In laying plans for the year's pro- gram of activities the executive com- mittee of the industrial property di- vision has taken into consideration the project of the national assocla- tion for compliling an encyclopedia of information on real estate. A list of subjects for specialized study has been compiled and assigned to men of authority in the field by members of the committee. These subjects, covering industrial economlcs, in- dustrial maragement, finahce, ap- praising, developing industrial pro erty, the services of the industrial realtor to his community, his client and his profession, will be used as toples for speeches, research reports and papers that will furnish material for the annals of the national asso- ciation. The executive committee plans the work of the division and makes out the programs for all conferences of the industrial property division that take place during the national Mid- winter meeting and the annual con- vention. Committees appointed for the year include a cleaning-up-rights-of-way committee to co-operate with rail- roads, municipal bodles and indus- tries in clearing the territory along raliroad tracks; an exchange-of-data committee to determine what infor mation the division needs and to gather the material for the division an ethics and practice committee; committee on relations with Fede bureaus to encourage the co-op tion of members of the division wit such bureaus, and committees on education, convention przoram. membership, research, publicity and industrial appralsals. COAL GAS BLAMED IN HARRIS DEATHS; HUSBAND IS FREED (Continued from Fi; Page.) he entered th door of the ste: The flue dra nd found the 1t open. h n senior a load of pea coal 1d been received by the doon first time. | combi sted i by the sen Firing Emphasizing that auce injar and fa properly 1 when Nevitt 1 o cons the Method Bl prepared. not have door been clos draft Xisting closed for the ried it of the open power of the lowed the gns to oa lar, through doors ajir, keyhole other apertures untii, with the d to de the house, concentration to bavoe it did AN wi closed, tresh fumes Dr. Nevitt, or no effect and MM of fnu comin 4 monoxide. To what munity koes i not standard for prob: known, he explained, deadly’ nature. Coal Merchant Agrees. The coal merchant who sold Mr. Harris the coal concurred in the opinion of Dr. Nevitt that the man- ner in which the fire had been pre pared the night bLefore could have produced the fumes. This dealer, who maintains se persons in _difficulties tutes, or diffe; clared the pe cite, and the « very popular, nd hundreds hundreds of tons have been throughout Washington. No examination of the furn: been made by experts vesterday, but the question was opened by the senior Mr. Harris last night that its draft may have been faulty. On previous visits to his son’ he detected odors produced by coming from the cellar. The last visit was Tuesday and at that time, Mr. Harris added, he was so impressed with the fumes produced by the fur- nace that he recommended the pea coalcoke combination. Funeral arrangements for Mrs, Tar- ris and Baby John were not completed last night. Mrs. Beyer's « arrived from Schenectady on bein: formed yesterday of her iliness. ‘They are Mrs. H. L. Knight and Mrs. W. D. Dunn. Relatives of Mr. Harris also came to Washington. They included R. B. Harrls of Jeffersonton, Va., and H. A. Harrls of Warrenton, Va., and Mrs. B. M. Colvin of Culpeper. Several hours after being released from the police station, the father visited James and Mary at Emergenc: and Georgetown Unlversity Hospital respectively. - vas would the furnace nt s 1d have car however, red with th wreak th lows in tl which also ir from comt house had been evented outsid atting the deadl 1 in explainii the h: the litt] on Jan 4 certain am 1S in human be with the extent this known or ne owing a n im to s with substi- erit grades of coal, de- coal, which is anthra- © mixture has been sold e had Nero & Spendthrft. From the Pittsburgh Sun. Students of ancient history agree that Emperor Nero was the outstand- ing spendthrift of his day, literally threw his money to the winds in many ways, as, for instance, in honoring his guests with roses after they had partaken of one of his royal feasts and were reclining on the couches and floors. The historians agree that at many of these feasts the cost of producing the roses thus strewn over the guests by servants must have been in ex- cess of $150,000, and the rose strew- ing was one of the customs Nero es. tablished and maintained to the last, having the highly developed ideas of a royal entertainer. ‘The membership of the General Federation of Women's Clubs now exceeds 3,000,000, "d und | tuced draft and al- | out into the cel- | will be | 1l experts to instruct { upon | home, he explained, | coal | <! American destroye - | Shanghal from Manila, but the movy GAS AND 2 LIVES PAY PENALTY Speclal Dispatch to The Star. NEW YORK, December 26.—"Sup- pose KCN and C:-CM:-COOH were heated in the presence of excess of alkali, would you get a good yield of maltonic acid? The answer to that question in ad- vanced organic chemistry was to have been a Christmas present. A young German, whose ambition was greater than his material resources, thought his sister would receive more enjoyment from a display of his progress in learning than anything he could buy. But the answer was written by the hand of death. Brother and sister were found dead this morning in the brother's room In a furnished rooming house. On the table was found the apparatus and the chemicals necessary for the experiment that would answer the question. The Bunsen burner was still shooting its flame against a beaker containing a small quantity of dry powder. His name was Oskar P. Hoffman, 82; his sister’s, Selma. She was 24, unmarried and employed as a maid. Hoffman arrived in America from Silesia four years ago and was fol- lowed by his sister two years later. He obtained employment as a waiter, and, by working long hours, saved enough to pay his sister's passage and to matriculate in the Columbia Uni- versity Extension School, where for three years he had been studying chemistry. According to friends, he would work night and day for sev- eral weeks as a waiter and, when enough money had accumulated, re- turn to his classes and to constant experimentation in the improvised laboratory in his small room. Christmas night he had taken his sister to his room to show her the ex periment with K potassium cyan- lde—a deadly poison—and C: CM COOH-—chloracetic acld. It was ques- i Stealthy Carbon Monoxide Kills Student and Sister as He Prepares to Show Prowess in Solving Chemical Problem as Christmas Gift. tion number 4 on an examination in organic chemistry, 41. The question sheet was found near the Bunsen burner. The brother lay dgad on the floor, the sister was found jying in a chair. Dr. Bean of Knickerbocker Hospital, who was summoned by the police in the morn- ing, said death had resulted several hours earlier—probably before night. Dr. Charles S. P. Cassassa of the his examination this afternoon. He found from a preliminary examination that death had been caused by carbon monoxide poisoning, With probable traces of péisoning by cyanide. An autopsy was ordered and will be made tomorrow. According to Dr. Cassassa, the car- bon monoxide had been generated by the Bunsen burner. Hoffman, al- though advanced in chemistry, had overlooked an elementary fact—the presence of the deadly and odorless gas in an improperly burning flame. He had constructed a device of his own, consisting of two cylinders over the Bunsen burner on which the beaker containing the dry powder was resting. Thts device, however, did not permit complete combustion of the carbon monoxide present in illuminat- ing gas. 5 It was the carbon monoxide in this gas, escaping into the room from the burning flame, which stealthily took their lives. § John M. Nelson, professor of organic chemistry at Columbia University said Hoffman had been a fairly good student. The experiment Hoffman had been considering, he said, was one in which a poisonous gas—hydrocy anic acld—was developed, and should have been attempted only ventilated place. Whether was responsible for the d be known until after the aut RUSSO-JAPAN WAR GRIM PROSPECT OF CHINESE CONFLICT ontinued from First Page.) ¥ held by Japan was relinqu ed red 4( = wius promptly sisted over Vladivostok ow Russia held northern Manchuria it within a pair of pincers territory previousl Russo-Chinese Treaty. next ma diplor Peking was > 5 o an am ] Soviet er { foreign diplo a's under a Rus. me dean of corps in China ina, but contr Eastern Railway eht from China tion of Boxer toriality end ail at this me by {the Chinese | trol was ’H.m rent fo P easions ! preferenti other things wh Thes zue, ha vy ditions now to the ¢ nd Japan present the 1a . nined upon {an imper > policy in China as ever as czarist Russia. Japan made war a to thwart that policy. the slightest doub time, which may she will once mc nen and ships ning Japanese < ugo. cct Threat to Japan. small err i direct Manchu Japan. Railwa 1re: inches of £ These brar it was of | strument’ of | ness. But the immediate and most prac- tical for of Russian designs upon China, and incidentally upon Japan, is 18 uport of Marshal Feng Tiensin.” He is r garded the spearhead of the Russi | drive toward the China c | Boxer outbreak in 1 {driving toward the coist Manchuria, Port Arthur {of Pechili. Now. using | Moscow is driving { tion, all the jremote Siberia., through | Peking and Tientsin. Rus {objective is th Shantung, once dominated many er by Japan. 1 t After the . Russia bes by way nd the ( an ne by powers see Japan alone ward remains to be seen. Th Tokin looks to the strong at Britain is an open A ssia’s hope has been to em- il Japan and America long before Jany such assistance could be secu | The wma - of the Chinese East D recently offered nsport American troops beria for use against (Copyright, FENG IS IN DANGER. can rn 1o Capture of Tientsin by the military dictator of north China, Feng Yu- Hsiang, and the simultaneous victor by forces of the Manchurian war lord, Chang Tso-Lin, near Mukden, appar- ently restoring Chang to complete still in a serious muddle. i are en route to is not believed to have sigmificance in view of na vices to the effect that the quarter of bled during the fighting there. The outstanding feature of the week’s military developments, aside from the victory of Chang, which was almost as sudden and unexpected as his apparent complete collapse a few weeks ago, was the extension of Feng’s control over the entire north- ern zone of China proper from the Mongolian border to the sea via Tient- sin. Despite the apparent greatness of his triumph, however, a strong feel- ing prevails in military and other cles in Washington, which are watch- ing Chinese events most closely, that Feng is now exposed to attack from both sides and is in a more dangerous position than he has been at any time since he rose to the first rank among China’s rival war lords through be- trayal of Wu Pei-Fu. Feng now has a grip on a wide strip of territory from Mongolia to warm water sea outiets, which has frequently been discussed by observ- ers of China’s political troubles as a possible route for a new trans- Stberian railroad. His friendly rela- tions with Soviet Russia has prompt- ed much speculation as to whether the underlying Russian purpose might not be to create such a rail route as an outlet into the Pacific. Running down through Mongolia from Lake Balkal, via Feng's old - foreign cluded | Soviet | celebrated Province oi | pport of | to | power north of the Great Wall, have | left China’s military-political warfare ientsin had not heen trou- | thence sea headquarters at Kalgan, | Peking and _so on to | Tientsin, such a lne, Under pre and with Japan | project has a For one th cent Chinese China £d his cause 1o join forces with present Chin progre cren was directed ed the revolt Mukden, which Ainst whom his at defeats precipl anks ut now the Ms 1 Japanes ion Wu and Chang Threats. u from the north of the situation 1d forbid any ssin's Feng ice-free termin That dship with to restless Mongol tribes, will block t d constr engincer the sea s railroad thy )ndit erpri & the railro T 1k sct at this time ou Chang’s Casualties Light. HANGHAL |the der {Kuo Su 26 () December < althos ts st Tso-Lin is ¢ ere not heavy. e issued at Mukden Chang-Min, student minister of justice. chief bullet 1 Ling's killed by a stray — SH T0 SPEND MANY ENGLI ' | HOLIDAYS ON CONTINENT an of the ques-| INDUSTRIAL FAIR PLANS MATURING C. of C. Groups to Intensify Efforts in Event After Holidays. Plans for Washington’s second an- nual indust exposition have pro- xressed rapidly during the last week, 1t was announced yesterday by the Chamber of Commerce committee in charge of the event. Choosing of ~ubcommittees to direct varfous Medical Examiner's Office conducted?.yages of the work has been started, % e applications for space are being received from former exhibitors as well as from commercial houses which will enter for the first time. The general committee and subcom- mittees will speed up thelr activities after the holidays. Their efforts will be concentrated on a program de- signed to induce all the Capital’s in- dustrial enterprises to acquaint Was ingtonians with a little-known side the Capital's life by a wide varie of displays. The three District Commissioners head the reception committee lict chosen by Isaac Gans. The commit- tee, in addition to Commisioners Rudolph, Fenning and Bell, include United States Marshal Ed, Snyder, Hoke Smith, John H. Smit} Marion Butler, Frank S. Hight, Danicl J. Callahan, Dr. L. A ‘Winter, ford, Lyon, T. D. Louis Push, | houn, Arthu: her, Myer « Charles W Meredith harles H. Jorris Cafritz, m B. Hard Omohundro, ¢ Ham F. Ham, Rockenbach Membe hand exposi SAFER THAN WALKX’NG. Among 931 Million Rail Passen- n 1924 Only 149 Fatalities. Nat il walking paigns the rail f | ETade cre nts decreased 13 per cent in s compared with v average for the years of the most serl- ms contronting the gers i 400,000 persons wit injured w de number atal accidents to emploves, fewer osing their lives than durir ny one vear since records . were &3 U in 1888, SMITEY STILL ACTIVE Moter Car Has Not Driven Blaci- smith Shop Out of Business. Mechanics Magazine. Although th ang of the anvil b {bean dulled by the ex 1St t {motor, black=miths in this and foreizn countries still do a thriving business. There 5.000 men in the o {tion in the United States today, ace stics gathered on the total vearly outy estimated . A peak when the product w 0, due largely om the Pop pound k ered in | valuec s | France and Switzerland Lure Them From Firesides Over Christmas. By the Associated Press X. December ports in desire to bask —The lur witzerland and in the sun of the adn spending Christmas 1. Paris is also attracting Londoners, and the cross-chan fon companies have inaugu- ed holiday excursion rates and put on extra airplanes to handle the traffic an with a rush a fortnight | of winter lish love of people are going ar for the holiday sea- ) and the popular Swiss | winter sport centers have all been {full for weeks. At Murren, St. Moritz |and Grindelwald many of the rooms | were reserved even during the Sum- |mer. Along the Riviera it is esti- | mated there will be several hundred | thousand from the British Isles, among them the Duke of Connaught. broad thf son than ev | Man's love may be of thing apart, but it upsets b just the same. an’s life a s digestion practical and fair. THE an account at MORRIS> borrow. e For each $30 or fraction borrowed you agree to de- posit $1.00 per week on an Ac- count, the pro- ceeds of which may be used to cancel the note when due. De- posits nay be H made on a teek- ty, semi- monthly i w monthly basis \s you prefer. (HE MORRIS | Ipa0 $100 $200 $400 Easy to Pay Under Supervision U. 8. Trea. 1408 H Street N. W. Character and Earning Power Are the Basis of Credit” It Was the Other Gixl. om the London Ansvees He had been invited to the weil hg of an old school friend. He h: never seen the bride before, but, | course, when he was introduced he tried to be amiable. “I hardly feel like a strange | observed, “for old Jack durin: {time he was courting you frequen jcame to me and regaled me wi cts his dear Margavet's Fi The bride glared at him viclousix “T hope you don't mind his having to me?” he asked she repeated fcily. “T fear there is some mistake—my Chris- tian name is Joan! e Luck. neinnats Enauirer. lucky to 1! inquirci From the C “Do you believe it fs a horseshoe in the road? nail or the road,” replicd | the motor in t. 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