Evening Star Newspaper, December 6, 1925, Page 93

MAGAZINE SECTION ghe Sundiy Sta WASHINGTON, D. €., SUNDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 6, 1925. Smithsonian Plea for Millions Based Upon Practical Results BY WILL P. KENNEDY. | | sonian sclentist. One § : n industry depends for its raw r OULD vou like to pass along D oo li s ann Leadership in Science Makes Institution Most Valuable Contributor to Foundation Upon Which Others May Build for | |eriaton e tees ang shrube or atex 1. Tt has been children’s children advan- importing raw gum, 30 per cent of tages and utilities corre- ‘ sponamaty greater ‘| | Improvement in Living Conditions—Much Has Been Done by Its Scientists in the Course of Its History—Specific Achieve- | |yhih yas wasie becanse i« aa have come to us in our day through trees the commercial product e et etk e ments Which May Be Credited to This Privately Established Means of Increasing the World's Knowledge. St e BT Would vou like to pass out of this v a scientist from the Smithsonlan life feeling that you had aided, ac. s now enabled the industiy cording to your means, in increasing tioned to eliminate the waste the sum-total of human knowledge, Life springs from the sofl begueathing to the future a_richer ; » is the result of the disintegr: heritage than that which made your " v % 7 y % < » 7 > mineral But is the genesis of life fuller and broader than that of Y 4 2 eiie ‘ 7 g 7 % s these basic substanc That 1s & your grandpar Smithson investization which its X geologists propose to expand Paleontology, the study ¢ ILLUSTRATED FEATURES FICTION AND HUMOR of per- stitutlon seeks | 190 apneat Lo @ ! - 5 i 7 / i . . | vonid seem 4o ban 00,0 can afiorditnheln; fonglo. : . 3 : 3 o : ' ; | historte interest, as LB patheiastiiens e : : ? : of the plant nnd of ail the seas and I v om the very ¢ ) the prese ¢ cortain st by Smith the able mineral and oil palts i < = « 7 ing millions ir itless digging. Sl 5 ¥ 5 s : 3 £ : # y { From studes in the history and de ivening ‘g 3 : i - , A - ks o g : : . o ¢ ) 7 is.to K e 4 Y 32 R » inderstaning o such immeasurabie helpiul that A ;e : 1 ; lmael?. o rts_and industries, o Smithse ¥ < A i : : oy » : ol e E sms and The Smitheonian R e 0, : | ' < e s ; : B e primitive 1 New Wo The flving machin ew directly | i\ ? . SRl 2 nk 3 Much remain ine, but tha Lot . P the Smithol Y z 2 ¢ . 5 3 : : . . D The mples are jllustrative i ieteorology: | i fis f 8 < 4 the breadth and scope of the Smi the bases of | A %, % ¢ % 5 : 5 ¢ 7 sonian pre research. vere principally | < o~ L p i a arch does not cove - o £ o 2 d - ' I : program of the institut e . \ . ' : sccond and correlative purpose seph ! L e A Prelistoric Indiamn Ruiw. DR CHARLES D WALCOTT, | e St Tt Ableft: Dy J.Walter Fewlkes, supplied them wl ecessary with - H { { ks aack :l'“)i:f;:‘ls:in e s e \ ecretary of the SmithsovianInstitcdion S S Amwidwm‘fitkugioqm" o p— g | [T inetitacdon's pabications. et 1tution. P N ¥ : ; ’ i P i i ins activities | : ' Smithsonian Ius s Fish Commission | JAMES SMITHSON, ; _ - P s ; § | o e recdienlad as an Oxford Student . e i : : : B | |penee fneaspuita missen H s t scientifi edition wnd e mithsonix this continen . science and to sclent opment, | nd preserved records o v primi- | mithsonizn-initic i int United merce Herbe The Tuch of the < in @ been inspired i 4 ’ s 3 these t v turns 7 . = # ¥ : B . 5 g 4 g 4 £ 5 LY, the institution seeks o the ¥ an incresse b z i ¢ ¢ 3 5 ~ TS * o 4 ] 4 s flize s ¢ 4 2 . “ e leis cex iy tions an scientific inve g £ e > 5 5 2 % 3 5 . i i i promisin tion promise « o less . 5 inspirin than are t 1 aecom plishments of the inadeq \s the Smith 2 . S, ¥ 2 ; i . T6 ANALOGT machine and scienti 1 4 5 2 o 3 22, i i 5 d reaus and a S TN % B 3K OB s Y being UnaHieRiohe e eI ond . s P s Dr. FEWKES, Chief of the Buveaw ofAmcriq&w ) Houver e socreterof the T of the'ten, T | b 3 ; = B Ethinology, Smithsonian Institulion with prefdisioric et for e S creasingly axaiabe ) van o n | Prefiistoric Indian Tower and Rooms ow the/ Indiaw objectst collected at Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado. |somian s not nown e : | HovenweepNational Monument, Colorado Ruins . = = : = G Couts” for Tans and bocatee 1 reaus, public opinion lu‘\:n!\p.?srd -' whether there wi'l be droug! heat or cold. Rut its pri ¢ $65.000 a vear, which 50 3 ago 5 ample 1 S 5 broad ope, is 1o Whether there il he were firsst made know to g¢ience through, the) mithgoniar Institution,. v o It sprang from the bequest cost of living™ has hit the | - ¢ T s D b i mr 1 1 G Bt % A | century” ago of Smithson Institution hard, as it has < English scientist, o0 never set £oo the rest of us individually. Since its in this country. In 1826 he willed hi foundation by act of Congress. in 1546 fortune of $550,000 trust to 1t ihe initial endowment of the institu United States for “the increase a s only doubled. Tts annual in- diffusion of knowledge among m s been for yeurs in- zanized in 1346, the Smithsoniar ess and tions, and pub- £ those fnvesti zatlons. Since the war. particularly, ing costs have forced stoppage of curtailment of some very important work. Fho proposed program of the Smith- soblan Institution, the execution of which is dependent on the securing of additional endowment, is no new departure. It i3 a program in strict chedience to the principles of opera- tion laid dowr Secretary Joseph Venry 80 yeu . Henry deduced purpose of the institution 0 incre nd diffuse knowledze am men.” The first of the principles restricts the Smithsonian 1o . ros 1 pure science, to the investigation of prob- lems of scientific mise irrespective of present economic value. Plenty of agencies exist to take care of prob- lems the solution of which is fairly certain to yield a financlal return. Such, for example, are the scientific »ureaus of the executive departments of the Government. Their work must necessarily have a more or less direct economic bearing. for Congress is not N G s ‘G% o wia TR 1t once making geological, be zoological and ethnologica! | studies of various sections of the con | tinent, collecting specimens and in n in all these fields. I ed this work from its own pri vate funds. In 1838 the collections had become of such importance to publi welfare that Congress felt a respon sibility for their upkeep and it charged mithsonian with the expenditure appropriation to that end. Late Congress incorporated these collec tions into the United States Natlor Museum. but the Smithsonian Insti tion carried the major share of the burden of caring for them from fts private income until 1870, Subsequently. from time to time {the Government recognized that ninc {other outgrowths of Smithsonian re | searches had become public necessi ties and appropriated for thelr sup port also, but never has it made any grants for research directly to the Smithsonian. The institution finances research work from its private in come and by gifts for special inv gations. As to the administration of the | Smithsonian Institution, that is in the justified in spending the people's money in investigations of which the results are not immedlately applicable . Prehigtori¢ Indian Shell Moundl, moutiof Town Creelc_, ults are not imme near Muscie Shoals,Colbert Cocmiq JAdlabama, far ot e Doura o ara, compossd \ddition: thie taborstories 01 riiglmeg oy il e = dent, three Senators, three Represent industrial corporations, constantly | ——————————————— - — — - D i i ’ 5 £ " 1y | atives and six private citizens, all act working on the application of kno work on light rays to a revelation of | So far science has only tched | the establishment of the fourth sta- ) determine the amount of evaporation | necessary for the growth of gea|and lumber. means a constant costly |3, %" " [icate capacity, exercises facts. There are probably 30,000| the earth's”age. Its proposed pro-|the surface in the of what de- | tion, in order that the forecasting for | of ses water. plants, or of the depths in different | Warfare with the insects. But before | (N (5, workers in this field as compared with| gram is the result of a survey of the | termines ather. The Smith-|weeks and months in advance may cer | the economic entomologist can under- [ “'pyorecent board of regents, whicl 3,000 in pure science. entire scientific front, in an endeavor |sonian Astrophysical Observatory al- | he hastened. The situation of the lobster and|places of the {lluminated upper laver|iazke effective warfare, the basic re- : on ¢ has just announced the $10,000,000 ap . And yet the former sre helpless| to aid in filling the principal Kaps. | ready has discovered a new influence | In addition the Smithsonian pro- | that of the ovster indicate the mort of |of water in which alone the Plants| searcher must have named and de. | LasJust announced the $10,000.000 ap. without the latter. The lands of the| But lest there should be duplica-| —the varlabllity of the amount of [poses to collect and make a digest of | Tesearch which needs to be done atfcamgrow. =~ = . . . |scribed the insect and studled its hab- | RS0 citaneellor: Vice President Dawen «conomic entomologts ¢ instance, | tion of effort. and to insure the |heat givén off by the sun. In 25|ihe meteorological data covering | Once and which i included In the| Most people visualize the sea aslits. The New Jersey farmer was helb- | sndtor Reed Smoot of Utah, Senator the man who makes war on the cot-| great: advan in knowledge, |years of such intensive work, the|weather -conditions in the various | Smithsonian plan fsr marine biologi- | more or lfils e?un A proc ult‘ ‘5 e\;r 7 | less against the crop-destroying beetle | Gioorge Wharton Pepper of Pennsyl fon-destroying boll wesvil. are tied|third principie forbids the Smith: [dbservatory: under Dr. S. . Langley | parta of ihe clvilized world_during | (2l Investigation. ~Such measures as [ where. This is not so. In the fIrst | Which recontly cetablished Hseif there | ants” Sonnins wasmeiage X, Fersia until_the research entomologist has|sonian to undertake o carry on any |and Dr. Charles G. Abbot, has proved | the last hundred vears, in order that | have been taken to protect the ovater | place, though animal UIC extends)untl the systematic entomologlst h {of Michigan, Representative Albert decribed. {Horoughly the boil weotl | work which any other arency cun or |l reiation helween the chunge In | Sentists. imy’ ave access 1o them |and the lobster from extinction have | downward into the Ereat abvsses for | dentiiied It a5 & Spocies MAUve 10| Sonnagm of {Wenimeion: Represonta. and studied it in its naitve habitat.| will do as well. The propesed Pro-|the solar cohstant of radiation and |t n isesery of new laws, or the most part been devised by {n- |at least three and threequarters | japan., With this information, he could | tive R. Walton Moore of Virginia, Work in pure research is like the|gram will therefore compete with 10 |weather with sufficient certainty to| Again, the weather of the world iy | ference from [Vhat we assume to be|miles, plant life cannot exist below | (ike definite steps for its control. The | Representative Walter H. Newton of concrete bage for a big gun. 1t is the | one; it will co-operate with many. The |lead the Argentine government tola unity, but no common clearing | the facts of their life history and en.| (00 feet, all the sea aninals helng fed| monographic projects of this sort | Minnesota, Charles F. Choate, jr., of n which sheils the enemy and gets | Smithsonian has followed this prin-|make forecasts for seven days in ad- [ Louse where is known what is happen. | vironment. and have been developed | by plants growing In this thin surfuce | pianned by the Smithsonian are prac-| Boston: Robert S. Brookings, St the credit. but it could not be fired | ciple 8o scrupulously that it has im-|vance from daily observations made|ing in all parts of the world, or even | DY, & series O exporimental measures | laver. ' most DIOCes 'n the sed|tically endless. Another feature of the | Louis. "Mo.; Henry White, Washing. without the concrete base. Application | medlately retired from any field in|;r the Smithsonian Observatory in|in_half of it, exists. The Smith- wh"u’: obviqusly they- should 9:: i e biological work proposed is the °‘5'{3 b-| ton, D. C.; Irwin B. Loughlin, Pitts of facts comes after Uheir discovery; which another agency has arisen t0 Chile.” Farmers and business men be. | sonian's international reputation. po- | Whereas obviously hey should be\varled in the twilieht zone, where (he jisnment. in conjunction with the Na- | byrh, Pa., and Frederic A. Delano. it eannot come before. O e ot Inteenns eaied (lieve atrongly enough in these fore-|sition and work on weather fit it| Uiy "G ulieige of their food and |and yet thers is enough Tight (o sup. | Lonal Zooloslel Park. of a laboratory PN Govstaent I= ihe tcustes o T R e e e | iv s s it it ron T pour the suc- | natusally to 41l the vacancy. It Has| teedinig: habits, their. reistion : to” the | port soms plants. ° A mapping ‘of this |}y which have & direct relation to | guardian of the. Institutlon. Thus, other proof than that furnishe e| by, ance” with these three |C0SS alrcady gained is no more than | the plan and equipment for doing =0.|1ottony, and the physical and chem. | zone along our shores would Droduce | iseces of doreste. Sme hag | EUArdian of the Ansttton. o s X rav, which resultcd from a seeming-| [n _acco with & ¢lan fncitement so further effort. To Rk * feal conditions of the water and their | results of the greatest interes jiiheldlseanca5f domie el iteRorsan Estinoxandlithe )y useless investigaiion of the con-yprinciples, the research program of p,,eh (he investigations to their | HE sclentific work done so_far on {jife cycle The Smithsonian proposes to under. | Pc-12Ps even nan. pr \!an, e on. duction of electricity through rarefied | the Smithsonlan contemplaies & Wide | greatest efficlency, two more stations | 1 e Tife of the sea represents no| ' Al animal life must depend on |take this basic and comprehensive ro- it | Avence. wwes. The Smithsonian's investiga:| expansion of 113 Wout im AStobbysIcs: for dafly observation of the sun's|more than a preliminary survey. Yet |plant Iife for its existence, since only | scarch work on the soa in co-operation X botans, the Smit Although the institution has never ions, past and propased, are 1 the | the metaprological’ work which -the | Pdiation are needed. its importance as a source of £0od | plants can synthesize inorganic into | with such other agencies as the United | L countries of Colombia. I beforo called upon the public to aid in sield of purc research, & pursuit of | the me 1 e o ago.| The National Geographic Society|grows with the increase in our popu- | organic compounds. Plants can do,States Bureau of Fisheries. It is a|Venezuela, in South America, its researches, it has frequently been new . facts. e erecacting 18 il Hmited |has just given $55.000 for the estab- | lation. Its importance to our climate | this only with the ald of sunllght,|plan altogether unique in size and |particular province. Beforo the drugs, | the heneficlary of eifts from. brivate st oyl b e';vx?r:;cmymfw& days in ad-|lishment and maintenance for three|is indicated by the estimate made|Therefors, all ocean life depends|promise in the history of marine bio- | gums, fruits and fibers produced by |individuals, including the Hodgkins eible ot Emitheonian | cane e aage® 1 s of one of these stations, and |that 90 per cent of our rainfall is de- | wholly on conditions within the thin | logical research. the plants of these countries can be | endowment of $200,000 for research I e O e Inatitution | will wive insurance fo the food sup. | Dr. Abbot of the Smithsonian now is | rived from evaporation from the sur- | illuminated surface layer of water,| In biology, the study of animals,{made available readily o commerce |and the Ireer bequeat of Orlental and operation requlres the I | iy, brocection to. industry and ship. |engaged in picking a site for it, either [face of the sea. We do mot have a |fowhere more than 600 feet in depth, | birds and insects, the work the Smith: | the Smithsonian botanists will have | American art coliections, of & galiery 14, give attention to all branches of | plyv. protection o oty Ao o he |in Morocen or in Baluchistan. ‘A part | complete picturs of the interrelation- | beneath which it ia too dark for. plants | sonlan plans doing la fundamental. | to make thorough studies in the fleld. | to house them, and a Jatge income o inowledge. That Is why Its record | ping, and Ko whetacle to the com. [of the income from the proposed $10,- | ships of any of our marine animals|to grow. We know practically noth.| The production ef Grops of every sort, | The importance of this work is illus. | increase them and diffuse krowleaye pludes iacisvements il ot ety Ll s 8 ot i 000,000 endowment would be used for 'or plants, nor of the conditions which ! ing of the conditions of lllumination ! for food, for clothing, dyes, medicines 'trated by the recent work of a Smith- | of Asiatic art. —wm aviation a ropology. e of 7 s. 3 {hands of a permanent secretary elected by the board of regents, in co operation with the executive commit Dr. Waldott, collecting Cambrian Fossils in Camadian Rockies. . 2