Evening Star Newspaper, November 10, 1925, Page 6

6 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY. ' November 10, 1825 THEODORE W. NOYES. . .Editor | The Bvening Star Newspaper C tners Office I Pennsvivania Ave 110 East 31nd St Tower Buil 14 Rexent St Engiaud The Evening Star fng edition. ix debive 1o city at G0 « 45 eenta ‘e m oe month, 1leshana mpany 11th St New York Off. Chicazo Office Euwropean Office Loudon, with the Sunday morn- Tiers within \ Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. ana s 1 sr. $840: 1 mo 137 SE50: 1 mo AN Other States. y ard Surday mo. 1mo 1m0 nday oniy. . mbar of the Associ: o Associatea for 1o nes credited o it Press. ptited ed Pross is exclusively cation of all © * not otherwise o in this wnd also the local news Al right cial disnatches herein a = Fiscal Justice to Washington. n compre declaring for a enstve program of public improvements, and | at the same mand for District appr port of the Board of Trade h ciples of Natio ment which will Jist to Washington. Tn the of the yast decade there has been a disposi tion in Congress to ignore the prin ciple of the s law concern ing the fiscal relations the District and the Federal Government For many years the cost of District maintenance was divided equally be- tween the two t local and Federal. Then the ratio was changed to sixty-forty. That radio stands to- day as the law. It is a just appor- tionment of costs in the view of Con gress, yet for tw rs past it has 1gnored and lump sum” of Federal money has heen appropriated in lieu of a definite proportion of the total budget, Iy than the 40 per cent pledged hy the substantive The result has been to allow or encourage large municipal expenditures, tt chief burden which has fallen upon the taxpayer. In preparing consideration of ing the Commissioners re substantive law t exceptional enactments, in duty bound to mmendations in terms of a sixty-forty division of costs. Should, however, the pre budget be fully approved by House and Senate, and the lump sum of $9,000,000 which has obtained in the last two appropria- tion acts be adhered to in the next one, the ratio of District-Federal con tributions to Capital maintenance will he approximately seventy-five-twenty- five, a radical departure from the substantive law and a heavy addition to the tax burden resting upon the Washingtonian. Washington needs a large and com- prehens.ce appropriation program. There are many works of imperative necessity calling for liberal appropria- tion. Nome of these works have been started already and must be carried on to conclusion. Others have been postponed heretofore for lack of funds. Their immediate undertaking is re- quired in the interest of economy and municipal development. Tt cal to couple the forty and this program of essential works. long as demand for these large ap- propriations is expressed in terms of fidelity to the substantive law, to the principle of a fixed ratio of Federal- District contr there is no dan. of overta n heavily taxed Washington repeating its de of Federal priations for the t., the Washington 1ds true to the prin Capital be time a fixed ratio sup- Distri develop alone course stantive between casuries, ve been a consideral smaller law. District their budget for t the com have rather Congress session arded the the are n present t e rec pective is B is 1 si ratio Suti ation to a community. not, as is annually by the fixed ratio undertaxed. Tts per ¢ be compared with residents of other cit ithout easement favorable to the This tax t already asserted critics of principle, capita payments the of comparable any ingtonian P tion tax those of s Wash city has few heavily fall the indivi shifts the bhurden ther pert The the es in taxa rden mainly he up al o trial t cory panies. Upon the per The indus establishmen aid upon at 18 in most rations and commer om- the the Dis Tempta of fixed r: principle trict goes to ( s united nd waive on that ¥ of The or- for Washington 1gly and effective- 11 the District th in the vol- and the between the 1 nd 1o, tions to yield 80 to b ganizations spe oint vital the welfare com nity, are resisted civie ¥ Iv. Tt is the prayer of a that ume justice be done 1 of app: basis of cost divisi eral munity. priations Government the = ———— Supervision of radio becomes a se- must b the jazz rious onsibility no favor privileges. res re smin g ————— ks which often more than they Statesmen write b benefit the publisher: do the public. - Iamlet in evening cloth to think of than the logical sequel, Hamlet in Oxford bags. - e Public Buildings Assured. \ssurance given Representative Madden, chairman of the House ap- propriations committee, that Cong will pass general public buildings DLill at this session, including the Presi- dent's program for Government build ings in the District, opeps a gratify fnz prospect of an early relief fr the intolerable congestion of the public offices in Washington. It is indicated that the program to be followed will be to take up the building bill imme diately after the tax reduction and ihe departmental appropriation hills have been disposed of in the Hou: tils making i virtadly the second measure of legislecive importance on the calendar. That there wiil be dif- ferences of spinlon as to details and plso perhaps some sbjection (o the en- by o a of | the | revealing | large | iintenance | ndeed, an obstacle to the passage of this bill in the feeling that it should not be drawn upon “pork barrel” lines, | so familiar in past legislation of this | character. N ie Government's building needs are not, of course, confined to Washington. | New structures for public service are required all over the country. the Capital, where the Federal work s concentrated, the need is para- mount. It is fmperative that the de- partmental service be relieved from | the congestion that now affects it in every branch. It is also imperative that in practice of the principles of economy the extravagance of high rents for inadequate quarters be aban- doned through the construction of Government-owned buildings of proper design and placement. The building | | nere ¢ should begin here, however far it may extend at the present beyond Wash- ington. As ever the urgent need for more adequate housing factlities for the Government's activities. Any congressional reader of the appropriation acts is in a posi- tion to realize the folly of further de- lay in making provision on the proper \e for Government housing at the Representative Madden says. Gov. Pinchot and the Strike. As the anthracite strike today en its eleventh week, Gov. Pinchot )f Pennsylvania has asked the repre- sentatives of the op: the miners to meet with him separately, to seek resumption of negotiations whereby agreement may be reached to mine coal again. In this connection, it may be recalled that the operators from the first of the present have offered to submit the questions at issue to arbi- tration. The miners, on the other hand, have steadfastly rcfused to 10 so. It is highly that the Governor should move in this matter. The an- thracite region lies entirely within that State. Miners, owners and opera- tors, tradesmen, employes of the coal- carrying roads should have had enough of the suspension of mining perations by this time. As a matter f fact appears t for once in a oal strike the persons intimately en- zaged are likely to suffer more than the general public. The people in the \nthracite consuming sections of the { country, a comparatively narrow strip dong the Atlantic coast reaching | | from Maine to Virginia, are making the best of things, adopting coke, ofl and bituminous as substitutes. The use of substitutes comes with a wrench. Substitute fuel is a hardship in a measure to people who have crown accustomed to hard coal. And the folly of locking fast in the earth 4 fuel as convenient as anthracite because the operators and miners can- not or are unwilling to reach an agreement on wages and working con- ditions is apparent. The quiet way in which the general public has taken the coal strike up to date may have a disheartening efrect on the contestants, who have looked forward to a demand by the people that something be done to settle the strike. It may have its influence on bringing them to an agreement now. Gov. Pinchot two years ago brought about the parleys which led to a set- tlement of the anthracite strike of that date. It will be recalled that this \greement provided for an increase of 10 per cent in the wages of thé miners. The miners perhaps have hopes that again his Intervention will mean a benefit to their pocketbooks. An in- definite continuance of the strike would mean losses in the end to both operators and miners. For word is brought here from New England and other places where anthracite has been consumed in quantities heretotore that the people are taking to the substi- tutes, and that part of the anthracite market may be lost forever. e The game of foot ball roughly play- gs up impressions of physical After all, base ball is more ined in that its problems are so often moral and ethical. A player { who has heen rendered insensible by a serimmage recovers soon, but one who attracts the censorious attention of Judge Landis is liable to have to wor- vy all Winter. ters n tors and presumably n controversy proper and desirable of Pennsylvania it coal ed brir dar oo France scems to be debating in its swn mind whether Caillaux is a wizard of only a political spell- binder. finance or e Sorrow in Scotland. | A Scottish traveler has just arrived | in New York announcing that the dis- tillers of Seotland will in 1926 cut Qown their production at least 25 per cent. This reduction of whisky dis- { tillation is attributed to the failure of consumers to co-operate runners. The distillers, therefore, b e accumulated immense quantities of liguors in bond. The movement of liquors out of Scotland, it is claimed, has been greatly ham- | pered in recent months because Amer- icans are not willing to put down ac- tual money in London for their pur- chases, and without this advance cash the British distillers and brokers will not make the sale. This may be rated as a tribute to the efficiency of the Coast Guard cam- paign of enforcement, which undoubt- edly has cut down the importations of liquor by a very considerable figure. It would seem from this Scotchman's statement that British exporters are not disposed to ship save on buyer's and that American buyers are not disposed to pay in advance for goods they may never recelve. Sev- eral syndicates of British shippers of contraband have come to grief be- cause of the activity of the enforce. ment fleet. By no means as many cargoes of liquor are being landed now from ‘“rum row” as formerly. These syndicates, it would seem, have not been shipping at the risk of the American buyers, but have been tak- ing their own chances on runhing the hockade. It seems to have been the rule of the trade that a “delivery” is effected when the liquor is trans- shipped from the sea carrier to small boats by which it is sent to shore. The small boats, however, have not | Ame with rican rum program of the Government, in short. ¢ member of Congress recogniass + THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTO ! ictinent is to be expected. There is, |been having very good luck lately in escaping notice and capture. The liquor cargo ship cannot be held in- definitely on the ‘“row” awaiting lighterage. The cost of crew main- tenance is heavy, and if the price has been fixed at the time of shipment on the other side-the delays at sea de- crease and may even wipe out the profits. Hence, it would seem, the re- quirement of payment in advance, a practice that has apparently not ap- pealed to American buyers, with the consequence of & large accumulation in the warehouses In Great Britain and a reduction of the production. This situation may be encouraging to the advocates of full enforcement, although at the same time it may point to an Increase in illicit domestic distillation. In that case, the burden of enforcement fs shifted as regards this source of supply from the sea to the skores. ——ra—— Traffic Appropriations. An appropriation of §150,000 operation and maintenance District Traffic Bureau was mended last night at the meeting of the Washington of Trade. In the adoption of this resolution by a civic body representing 2,600 business men of the city, a step for- ward has been taken in the realiza- tion of traflic safety for the National Capital. Traffic enforcement requires what may appear to some as lavish expend. fture of money. Signal lights, signs, semaphores and equipment of vari- ous types be bought for nothing. They are absolutely neces- sary, however, to promote frictionless traffic. While an appropriation of $150,000 as agalnst the present sum of $35,000 will go a long way toward putting Washington in the forefront of the better regulated cities, it is conserva- tively estimated that a sum of $275,000 is necessary to carry out the plans of traffic enforcement as laid down by the traffic code passed by Con- gress. Nearly half of this fund would be expended, according to the traffic of- fice, for the erection of a suitable light control system, by which most of the larger cities of the country are controiled. Proper operation of the paint and repair shop would\ require at least 25,000 per year, while a sPeclal sur- vey force, to keep abreast of traffic developments, would cost a large sum. If Congress insists upon retention of the vearly permit clause in the code, it is estimated that from $35,000 to $60,000 would be needed to carry out its provisions. Congress should not stint in ap- propriating for one of the most im- portant activities of the District gov- ernment, Every legitimate need should be met. Delay in carrying out worthwhile traffic plans due to lack of funds should be eliminated, and Congress should realize that safety on the streets is one of the biggest problems of large cities throughout the world. for the of the recom- annual Board cannot s The foyous enthusiasm with which Italy greeted Pinedo on his return from a round trip to Japan is a happy reminder of the exultations to which this native land of aviation may look | forward when certain preliminary criticisms are disposed of. s It is now generally conceded that Henry Ford has no more chance of bringing back the old-fashioned dances than he has of restoring to favor the old-fashioned horse and buggy. . Washington, D. C., will be a great | educational center in other branches of learning than International eco- nomics, in which it has already set the pace. ————— Anthracite miners are said to be prepared for a long siege. The ulti- mate consumer, as usual, watches the thermometer and hopes for the best. ———— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON Commercialization. I wanted smile and sunshine. I found them, gay and free, To make the hours that run shine As brightly as could be. But gloom is not abating. I noted, after while, A ticket taker walting To charge so much per smile. Self-Supporting. “Do you believe in the theory of evolution? “I don't see any great reason for objection to it,” replied Senator Sor- ghum wearily. “It doesn't bring up any demand for appropriations by Congress.” Telling It Afar. The radio’s a wonderful invention. We send our words a thousand miles away Disclosing, though with excellent in- tention, That from the first we'd nothing much to say. Jud Tunkins says this is the most prosperous country on earth, but that won't make any difference to folks with whom hard times is a personal habit. Stampede. A nickel makes a gallant show. The coin is swiftly passed. 1 did not know a buffalo Could ever go so fast. ‘When Gunplay Starts. “Do you intend to stand by the eighteenth amendment?” “Certainly,” answered Uncle Bill Bottletop. “But while standin’ by it I don’t want to be mistaken for one of the innocent bystanders.” The Grooer's Thanksgiving. Send me a turkey, and I'll pay The customary fee. If I'm not thankful on that day, You surely ought to be. ‘De advice ‘put yoh best foot for- ward,’ " sald Uncle Eben, “is all right foh humans, but it doesn't seem to apply to a mule.,” q N, D. ¢, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 1923. Tax Publicity and Everybody’s Business BY WILLIAM ARTICLE II Big money was made by American corporations in 1923, the Government's tax publicity figures show. The total net {ncome of those who made moncy ran to more than $8,350,000,000. Big money also was lost, the total deficits of nondividend-paying concerns mounting to $2,050,000,000. The net profit, standing at about $6,300,000,000 for the year, represents the surplus of_galns over losses But there s something neath the surface of the ¢ recent showing far more significant than these breath-taking figures. And in it lies at once the beauty and the ugliness of tax publicity. Here it is A little group of 168 corporations less than one-twentieth of 1 per cent of the country’s 400,000, made $2,204, 000,000 in total net profits, or about 36 per cent of all the money made by all the corporations in the country And— Another group of 838 corpora tions, or about oneifth of 1 per cent of the total, made profits totuling $1,695,000,000, or upward of 26 per cent of the total net profits. ® X ok X king these groups together, the showing discloses this remarkable state of affairs in American business Out of net profits of $6,300,000,000 made by all the 400,000 corporations in the United States in 1923, a pros perous year, nearly 63 per cent, or $3,990,000,000 represents met profits of 1,0 companies, or about B- fourth of T per cent of all the com panies in business. The other $9% per cent of the corporations divided the remalning 37 per cent of the net profits. Big business certainly hogged the profits, even though it may have been benevolent as well as big. A thou nd companies, with a handful to spare, averaged the handsome net income of more than $3,750,000 apiece during the year. Three hundred and ninety-seven thousand smaller com panies everaged the small net income of about $5,800 aplece. And there you are. Analyzing that highly profitable group of 1,026 corporations, one finds that the smaller group of 168 aver- aged profits during _ the year amounting to about $13,700,000 each; and that the remaining 88 corpora tions averaged net incomes of little less than $2,009,000 * Ok ok * The record of thise 168 companies, as subdivided by the Federal Treas: , reads as follows One company, engaged tural work, made §3% 391. Three companies, engaged in min ing and quarrying, made net profit totaling $35,109,6¢ Ninety-elght big companies made net $1,354,733.166 more than cent all the profits de by 55,000 corporations engaked of enterprise big construction company mac 3 five railroad and other trans. portation companies ran up net profits totaling $706,535314, or nearly 60 per cent of the net profits made by more than 21,000 cerns engaged in_the business Fifteen companies trade reported net profits totaling $1 66. That sum was about 11 per cent of all the profits made in trade by more than 100,000 corpora tions. Two finance just be vernment’s in agricul totaling 30 per all tn profits this cox engaged in great companies engaged in banking, brokera insur; ance, ete.—reported net income of 15,657,103, Each of these companies averaged 1 per cent of all the prof made by all the corportions in the business, and the total numbec of such corporations was nearly $7.000. Two other large ations—re ported as “combinations whose pre dominant Industr ascer- tainable"—made net $13, was not profits of BACKGROUND OF EVE 1 000,000 on manufacturing | {group ot P. HELM, JR. 111,015. These two companles made 26 per cent of all the profits reported in thelr class. such companies was 3,419, ok ko There are no figures, unfortunately, to show the volume of business done by theso 168 blg and powerful cor- porations. The only avallable figures show that they made, among them, 6 per cent of all the money made by corporations in the United State: If that relative percentage can be properly applied to the busine he country these 163 done transacted bust me of about $45,000,000,000 in 1923, Following the same line of pll tion, the larger group of mc making corporations, totaling 1,02 1id o volume of business estimate oupw £75,000,000, and the remaining 397,000 Jorations di vided among them emaining business done throughout the United States, which amounted to about $49,000,000,000. From this sh e assumed that wing it should r there wasg anything fmproper in the v sthod of conduct- ing American business. Indeed, the xponents and advocates of big busi- ness are proud of the showing and point to 1t as proof of the conten- tion that ample capital, thorough or- pzation and applied business methods on a mammoth 8 e are easential survival in th present fierce competition in ull markets of the world The figures indicate that the little fellow i3 losing out, that the big cor tion with millions of working | s attracting the brains of business America and alons is mak- ing progress. Ixceptions there are, of course, to the rule, but the rule in | the main fs supported by the Gov- ernment’s flgures. ! The figures wlso show another striking thing—that the sum paid out annually by the country's corpora tions, little as well as large, is match- ed, almost dollar for dollar, by the sum paid out by those same cor- porations for taxes. * x K % In 1923 the corporations paid their executives a grand total of $2,575,000.- in salarles. That averages about for each corporation, includ the small fry along with the big fellows. The Government's s also show that the cor 1 out as taxes w grand total of $2,570,- 1 busi; That in te and local taxes, as well ess cludes as Federa again, is abc poration In addition, the fig more than half of ail the corporations aking money in 1923 enjoyed an av- erage income of less than $5.000 a vear; about one-third, in fact, had in come of $2,000 or less during the yvear. Here, then, the figures ligh on the two estremes: a multiplicit )¢ small corporations, gling ong without much hope for the fu ure, many of them ing, rather than kin: siant cor ow that pies of every the busi king money hand over fist, closing r with 36 per cent of all cor- net profits locked in thelr e m: the ye porations’ vaults. The country has never seen the , not even in the palmiest & trust-busting Roosevelt & business has grown so big that it is crowding its little playmates out of the field. The figures show it—and they are official. But there is another difference between today and the cor poration-smashing yvesterday, and that aiffy the difference in their metho Today i, American bust open:; yesterday, in the (Copyright. like e is if one may judge by the rec- ésx is done in the much of it was dark 1625.) TS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. of the Uncle Hoover's review prosperity of Department of Agri roduct of the city, not are farmers who believe the public will “laugh out of the other corner of its mouth” when the truth ab griculture is known. Railroad interests are demanding authority from the Interstate Com- merce Commission to increase the freight rates on farm products, on the Secretary unprecedented Sam, says culture, was a of the farm. ground that agriculture has returned | dant prosperity and can afford higher rates. ok The joint commission appointed by Congress at the last session finds that on August 1, 1913, the freight from Goodland, Kans., to Chicago the to abu to p: n number of bushels of corn which was | necessary to pay for four standard farm implements was $112.16. In Au gust, 1920, the freight from the same statfon on corn needed to buy the Same implements was $179.30; fn Oc- tober, 1921, it was $1,051.41. In 1913 it took 5,150 pounds of hogs to pay the freight on a carload of hogs from central Towa to Chicago; in 1921 it took 9,700 pounds. The freight on a carload of sheep from Idaho to Chi- cago in 1913 was 5,240 pounds of mut- ton; in 1821 it was 7,040 pounds. A carload of cotton from Tennessee to the New England mills in 1913 cost 1,287 pounds of cotton; in 1921 it took 1,808 pounds. The farmer argues that rates have already been raised “all the traffi will bear,” and that they have learned what the slogan “Give until it hurts” really means. A ranchman from Colorado, who is employed in one of the Government departments as an expert on agri- cultural economics, states that two years ago, if he had shipped cattle to Chicago, the freight alone would have required him to donate the cattle to the railroads and add about $5 o head in cash. This year prices are somewhat better, but not enough to offset the depression of the last four years. e ok ok The optimistic report of the Secre- tary of Commerce does not go farther in the paragraph devoted to agri- culture than to state “the general situation is much improved,” while “some weak spots continue.” The monthly review of agricultural conditions, issued by the Bureau of Economics, Department of -Agricul- ture, on October 1, state “Agriculture has had much atten- tlon from urban quarters this Fall; statements of its recovered prosperity have been widely heralded. In fact, conservative judgment to that effect is warranted. The farmer jas his head above water once more, and his business is a going business. “The improved rural purchasing power will do much to uphold gen- eral economic wellbeing through the Winter. But farm prosperity can be as easily overrated as depression, especially by city observers. It fis questionable whether it will profit the community at large to make this harvest the signal for agitating higher rates, higher taxes, or increased bur- dens of any kind for the farmer. * * * Agricultural income will not be greatly in excess of last year. But the point is that this is the second fairly profitable year. The improve- ment now is cumulative. “The West again is fairly on its feet and fighting its own way. One aftermath of the deflation perfod is railroad | plainly in evidence—a matter com mon to all the country today, name- the distress of marginal land Broadly speaking, poor land is mak- ing no money in the United States today. % s = “It is of some importance that ti country at large includes these back- ground considerations in its view the West. Snap judgment on agr cultural recovery in relation to ques tions of freight rates, land reclama- tion, ation and similar economic issues can be very harmful at this particular time.” i ¥ Farmers = prices than ago, but not < better 10 ve: to ¢ are now g they received enough better the increased cost of farming. I labor, when it can be hired at all, receives $75 to §30 & month and board, where, in 1913, the going wage v §30 a month; common labor, such as raflrond section hands, receives $4.50 to $5 a day, making severe compo- tition for the employ farmer. Every kind of farm implement costs from two to five times what it cost before the war, as does everything else the farmer has to buy. Farm products do not fetch proportionately increased prices, hence the farmer is relatively poorer than when he sold his wheat at 75 cents in place of $1.45. s s This comparison has nothing to do with the calamity of farm speculation which the inflated war prices and the abnormal demand for food during the war brought about. It is not strange that farmers who had had little ex perience with a world-wide horizon, were lured into overproduction in the vears immediately following the clo: of the war, and a condition aggra vated intensely by financial deflation and curtallment of credits. There was wild land speculation. This resulted in sales of farms at extravagant prices, usually on long contracts, and when the hard times followed these purchasers were wiped out. bankrupt. In 1915 the number of farm bank- ruptcies in the United States num- bered only 827: but in the four years ended June, 1924, the average num- ber of farm bankruptcies was 4,578 per year, and the number rose from 997 in 1920 to 7,772 in 1924. The average value of farm lands throughout the United States shrank between 1920 and 1924, the sum of $18,000,000,000, and the farms of America are today carrying a mort- gage burden exceeding §10,000,000,000, the ‘interest of which must be paid from the crops before the farmer re- ceives a cent of profit for his labor. Nevertheless, farming remains the greatest business in America. In 1920 the census showed the value of all farm _property was $78,000,000,000; manufacturing, $45.000,000.000; mines and_quarries, $7,000,000,000 and rail- roads, as indicated by their stocks and bonds, $21,000,000,000. Thus f{t Is seen that the importance of con- serving prosperity of agriculture equals that of all manufacturing, mines, quarries and railroads com- bined, even allowing nearly the full estimate of the shrinkage in farm values since 1920. All other sources of - our wealth, as Secretary Hoover truly pictures, are prospering enor- mously, and the investments therein increasing rapidly in value. Only ag- riculture is just beginning to look up- ward toward the heights upon which the lesser enterprises have already arrived. (Copyrizghs, 1925, by Paul V. Colitns) S it y The total number of + l NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM LG M. INDIANS OF DESERT. Brown & Co. “Will you accept appointment su perintendent Moqui; salary, eighteen hundred: bond, thirty thousand; wire.’ So ran the message from Washington to Leo Crane, health hunter, out in Arizona. The business began some time earlier, in this way. “See the chief,” d the friendly M. D., “and get 2 berth in the West. Stay out o' doors rough it, live on milk and eggs and don’t come home till I agree to it.” The advice was taken and the request made at once. A bureaucratic button pressed, an official seal set, and inside the week l.eo Crane, clerk to an Indian agency, was on a 3,000-mile run to his billet in an Arizona reser- ation. The wire from headquarters, @ 1y given, changed the six months of vacational clerkship to an eight year permanency as authorized head of the Hopi and Navajo Indians of Arizona, after which Crane was trans ferred to a similar headship of the Pueblos in New Mexico. Therefore, this record has the good backing of personal experifence, running the ups and downs of years of intimate associ ation. And such is the immediate effect upon the reader of “Indians of the Enchanted Desert”—that its au- thor Is at no essentlal point dealing in hearsay, but rather with that which he himself has found to be the fact. No passing artist, this, trying to convert the Enchanted Desert into canvas and paint; no poet dribbling pallid and futile words; no dude wrangler round {ing up the greatest show on earth to the compan around him; not a geol ogist hammering the rocks for their THE Leo ENCHANTED Crane: Little, pecking at them for bits of forgotten life, nor an antiquarian packing his kit with museum scraps of dead ages. it even a historfan skimming off the top of the Painted Desert and its Indian life. ot any of these. In. stead, just a man working at his India Job in a deep interest for the materfal under his hand, in a steady outlook for the well-being of the Hopi and the Navajo. A man immensely keen to the Indian in his curlously aloof nature of remote and unknown source, sensitive to the reactions of the Indlan facing the ways of the white man. A modest man, withal, not certain that, all said and done, the people of own race have really cornered wisdom of the world erefore, rant man, patient with the deep-seated traditions and customs of these to whom he stands, the momen A most unlordly out this working ited and not the wisde tant W his the . this Leo C studying it, trying e and that one for a imodation between con. ithority and these old desert resentful at encroachment altogeth certain of either he good falth of the Father. * % hanted Desert” while sit selzable reality, while counting the truer acquaintance than ad before with Hopl and gic remnants of an Ameri- and certainly of infinitely longer tenure; it {s only while in this after- mood that one catches a full picture of the author himself. The book reads simply like the daily account of a cheerful optimist tuzging away the day's work of multitudinous il. But here, at some good point of vantage, is a sketch of history Here is the adventuring and conquer- ing Spaniard. Then a great Indlan revolt. Then the greater menace of the Painted Desert itself, implacable d invineible. And so, in broken lines, the history grows, waiting upon Ithe important issues of the business in hand, stepping in only as an il- 4'1.n.11‘.ll'h)n of this tradition, or that jone, wher are set cu )ms that should be respected and left inviolate —=s0 this author says, wisely. In the same way does the character of the Indian make {tself clear to the reader —not by analysis and dissertation, but, rather, by the behavior of the ‘Hopl or the Navajo in some common circumstance of the moment. It may be a matter of personal habit—that of cleanliness or general sanitation, a matter of vielding to authority, a mat- r of business relations. Just an inci- dent—only hundreds of these out of fellow countrymen of ours. It is in ame incidental and experimental that the great spectacle of the self grows—conquering cliffs on some useful nd bent, camping under its match- less nights on the way from this point that one. Catching its moods at dawn or in the biazing midday or in the sinister and brooding twilight— { catching these up in & few words over d over again througi weeks and »nthe and years. It the desert growing upon one, rather than desert bursting upon one, that Crane looks after here. There tense moments and spectacular mo- w here—Indian resistance to in novation religlous ceremental like the Hopi snake dance. There are lecomments on the remote authority that issues orders without intimate knowledge—but not many of these. The man IS too busy to waste time in fruitless challenges and complaints There are fine tributes to interested and intelligent authority operating for the Indians—Theodore Roosevelf, the king of White Fathers, Kit Carson of earlier days and Gen. Hugh Scott of more recent inspiration. All in all, this is a remarkable picture, an amaz- ing in Arlzona at the hands of a man who, obviously, felt both the obligation of his 2 ment and the urge of the day’s work. * k %k X LEAST KNOWN AMERICA. Yugene Bartlett. Fleming Revell Co. Leo are A. H. eler looking for untraveled points in America. So he and his wife betake themselves to the back country of New Mexico and Arizona. Chimayo, Barita, Talpa, Las Truches—"Have vou heard of thesa old Mexican towns? I think not, for they still lio beyond the beaten track.” With their own camping outfit, these two set up, and break up, housekeeping at will. “And in between times the: wander from trail to trafl in the w derness of the West, seeking out the old settlements of this region, visiting old churches, older than the missions of California, coming upon strange sects, like the Penitentes, a left-over from the Middle Ages. Looking for a sunshine ldnd, these two lead us into the blazing blue of the South- west and into a civilization older than that of Bgypt and bearing many signs of its antiquity for the interest- ed traveler to gather and Interpret. As_interesting a book as you will find in many a day if your point s that of the passing traveler and not that of the sojourner. Besides this outlook upon the Southwest, the au- New KEngland, into Newfoundland, down to the islands of the West Indles, all fn an easy-going way of dropping in and talking a while and then on to some other unfamiliar point of travel and acquaintance. If you believe that the intelligent travel- er is in duty bound to pass his wan- derings in to the place-bound, then sou will be glad that this particularly genial nomad lived up to his obliga- tion. * X % ¥ WANDERINGS. Robert Herrick. Har- court, Brace & Co. “Magic,” the first of this gro— of dramatic and well buflt storles, has to l monstrous secret, nor an archeologist | n the glow of its vivid and | an occupation as valid as our own | which emerge the true nature of these | its | the | ummary of this Indian kingdom | k and the spell of his environ- | This is the story of the happy trav- | thor takes the reader to corners of | Q. Who wera the seven champlons of Christendom?—D. E. T. A. These were recently listed at an England; St St. Patrick of Ireland; Wales; St. Denys of France, and St. Anthony of Italy. Q. Does Malvina Hoffman cut her own sculptured figures?—G. E. M. A. Miss Hoffman learned the craft of marble cutting while she was a pupil of Rodin. One example of her work is two-figure group, ‘Offrande,” awarded a prize by the National Academy of Design and the Pennsylvania Academy. Q. Under what Roman Emperor and at what dates were the most vio- lent Christian persecutions and why? . E. W A. Nero, 64-68; Domitian, 95 Trajan, 106; Marcus Aurelius, 166- 177; Septimus Severus, 199-204; Max- imus, 235-238; Decius, 250-252; Vale- rian, 258-260; Aurelian, 276; Diocle- ian, 303-313 (the era of the martyrs). The reason for Christian persecution, iwcording to Roman historians, was not on account of their religious be- liefs so much as by the Christian re- fusal to conform to the state religion and natfonal law. Religion was an integral part of Roman law. Q. Where s the longest telephone cable that has been made?—D. W. G. A. The longest one installed is the cable between New York and Chi cago. It is 861 miles long and will carry 250 telephone conversations ard 300 telegraph messages simultane- ously. Q 5. M A. They humus. Should dead leaves be burned?— should be kept for their Q. Do_perspiring feet injure the shoes?—L. A. C. A well known shoe firm says that perspiration causes 75 per cent of the damage to all footwear. The acid in persipration destroys leather as quickly as slaked lime would. Q. What name?—E. M. A. It 18 George Frederick Ernest Albert Windsor. Q. How Lawson C M K | “A. The Chicago Y. W. C a hequest of $100,000 and the Y. M C. A. received a similar amount. The late Victor Lawson was a well known newspaper man. editor and publisher of the Chicago Daily News. 1s King George's full Victor AT much money did leave the Y. W. C A. recefved Q. Where does Abraham son live?—A. W A. Robert Todd Lincoln is living in Manchester, Vt. His Washington home address, however, is 3014 N street northwes Lincoln’s Q. What kind of fruit is a shad- dock?—M. W A. This is_another name for a grapefruit. The pomelo, shaddock | or grapefruit (citrus decumana) is a | native of Southern Chin is more sour than an orange, but less sour than a lemon. The name pomelo is from the Dutch name, pompelmoes. Shaddock was the name of a captain ecumenical council as : St. George of | Andrew of Scotland; | St. David of | This fruit | ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. who brought the fruit to the West In dies. By some authorities a di is made between shaddock an fruit, shaddock being the larger, grapefruit the smaller, having a fine vor. They are grown plentifully in Jamaica, Cuba, California and mos Oriental countries. Q. What is the percentage of flliter. acy in American Samoa?—M. N. A. Tliteracy does not exist in Amer fcan Samoa. The official government languages of American Samoa English and Samoan. Every adult Sa moan can read and write in one c those languages. The public school in American Samoa are conducted in English and are rapidly adding to the number of English-speaking childrer and adults in Samoa. Q. Did Maxfield F Howard Py R. L. A. Howard Pyle was a teacher at the Drexel Institute and Maxfield Par rish was perhaps his most notat pupil. dy unde; Q. Where was the Bitle openec when Presfdent Coolidge was inaugu- rated?—M. V. E. A. Upon this occaslon the Bible was opened without regard for book, chap. ter or verse, and apparently no a count was taken of the exact place. Q. Should willows for making bas kets be kept wet or dry?—C. B. A. They should be kept in a dry place until time for them to be used | They are then soaked in a large c { tainer of water. 0ld Ironsides” Q. Why was 1 ten?—J. G. A. In 1830 “Old Ironsides” (U. 8 Constitution) was reported un worthy and_condemned to be broke up. Oliver Wendell Holmes sent ¥ poem “0ld Ironsides” to the Bost Advertiser and the public clams saved vessel, which was rebu and restored to service in 1833 wr! Q. Where did the custom of the hand to bind a bargain ori —B 1 B A. The reference to this custom found in II Kings, x.15, of the Hol Seriptures, when Jehonadab gave hand to Jehu in order to prove to hi the justice of hls cause. Q. When was the coldest Winter o record”>—J. M. A. The coldest Winter of whic | there is record was tn the year 170¢ | whe Europe, frost penetrated $ va fn the ground and the Adriatic was frozen over, as was al the coast of the Mediterrinean (When in doubt ask Frederic J Haskin: the director of The Star In | tormation Bureau. He offers himselt | as a target for the questions of our readers. He agrees to furnish facts for all who ask. This is a large cor tract—one that has mever been filled before. It would be possible only ir Washington and only to one who has spent a lifetime in locating sources of information. Haskin does not know all the things that people asi him, But he knows people who do know. Try him. State your question bricAy, write plainly and inclose ® cents in_stamps for return postage. Address Frederd J. Haskin, director, The Star Informa tion Bureau, Tiwenty-fi streets northwest.) For Gre | Sentiment in favor of a unified ‘s\sloxn of development for Americ waterways was aroused by Secr Hoover's address before u conference of agricultural and civie associations at Kansas City. Opinions expressed since that time indicate the general belief that such development is needed for increased population and that there is no necessary competi | tion between the railroads and the proposed greater waterwa “The railroad executives,” advises Louis Post-Dispatch, *must zet rid of the absurd notion that in developing our rivers the Govern- ment will bufld a competitive system. There can be no competition betwee the railroads and rivers, now or | henceforth. The country will have to utilize all its transportation re- sources, railroads, rivers, highways and co-ordinate them into a colossal tem. Colossal is a biz wor t sedly used. It is the measure | of Toover's vision. Here is no plea for this or that stretch of river im- provement. The day of piecemeal projects is passed. The dull, waste ful program of pittances is done for. Our future 1s on the water—on our inland_water The Post-Dispatch also cites the support of waterways Ly the Association of Manufactu and declares: “The cause of the rivers has needed above all things the support of an intense and p: tical public sentiment ment of business provides that senti- ment."” big Phil 4EE The judgment that “it is | question” is also uttered by the adelphia Inquirer, which add: is to be handled successfully it must be in a big way. Few persons realize the enormous extent of our undevel oped waterways They should be utilized. This does not mean antago- nism between the systems of land and water. What is needed is not comp ttion but co-operation. It is a matte of gratification that the problem is being studied by men like the Secre- tary of Commerce.” Recognizing that water transportation “has been under | an_eclipse,” the Wichita Beacon re- calls that “before railroads became i efficient it was stimulated,”” but be | lleves that “now, with the population growing, with production increasing and with rates vexing the farmer and shipper, there is need for expansion. And that expansion,” continues the Beacon, “can be accomplished with out hurting the railroads “Disconnected local river and lake projects” are cited by the San Fran- cisco Bulletin as reasons given for relative faflure of water transport in recent times, and It proceeds to glve special emphasis to Mr. Hoover's statement that ‘“‘we have had great battles over joint rates, but if we have a real system of Internal waterways this problem will settle itself, for the | day will come when the raflways will be seeking them.” Furthermore, the estimated population increase in the | next 25 years is the basis for the statement by the Bridgeport Post that “the gigantic nature of the problem involved In feeding, housing and cloth- | ing such a population staggers the | imagination.” The Post declares that | Secretary Hoover’s “foresighted pro- | gram” with all the waterways “linked | fogether in a unified whole” is a | “sound idea, of immedlate benefit for | the present and inestimable value for the future.” | * ok k% “Our waterways,” the Huntington | Herald-Dispatch remarks, ““are among do with a pair who come under the enchantment of the Arizona desert. In a plausible array of incidents the author shows the power of the great place to re-create, for the time being, a sordid woman in the likeness of | some delicate, divining, elusive human being of appealing beauty and wist- fulness. A fanciful creation, to be sure, but projected in the form and | spirit of reality that one accepts as reality itself. A beautiful story out iof a handful of equally artistic in- ventions. The . enliat. | plan witk it | ‘Hoover Stirs Enthusiasm ater Waterways God's greatest gifts to A: are surely to become among the greatest of the instruments of our prosperity and happiness. But that will come only when Congress real izes, as Mr. Hoover does, that a gr program of systematic and unified construction is necessary to national wellbeing The advant that ‘water transportation is nens: chefp n railroad transportatic is pointed out by the Elkhart Trutl while the Hollywood Citizen, noting that “waterways are beginning t ight the railroads,” holds that “there is no need of either hting the sther.” In opposition to Mr. Hoover's pro. gram, the St. Paul Pioneer Press con- | tends’ that “the Northwest, including | Minnesota and Iowa, would be in the | hinterland, only indirectly connected | with the main systems,” and that deep waterway between the MM sippi River and Chicago inevita alls tapping the Great Lakes, drain- | ing them down even more than has {been done or being done.” T | Pioneer Press adds that “Mr. Hoover | indorses the St. Lawrence proposal in {the same breath that he impliedly ap- the draining of the Great es for the benefit of Chicago, and |the two are incom ible.” On the other hand, the Waterloo | Tribune unqualifiedly supports the the comment: “No count: pretending to be progressive, would neglect its resources as we have neg lected ours; no country would have wasted the hundreds of millions as we | have wasted them. Whi economy, it is not economy to_refuse to develop our resources. Hoover says the time is ripe. It has been ripe for a century.” * % ok x | “Either we are to be a bottled up | hinteriand here in these immensely productive interior States” says the Omaha World-Herald, “sinking slow- {1y but surely in relative importance and prosperity, or we are to be put on terms of equal rights and equal treatment with the rest of the coun- try and so be permitted to enjoy our full share of its development. Herbert { Hoover has pointed the way.” New | and economical ways “of carrying the | things that are plentiful here to dis- tant centers population” are in- by the Sloux Falls Argus- . which urges that “if the Mis- and the Missourl Rivers can be made navigable on a practical plan of economical development, we are for ® ierica. They - A Go:d Friend of the Horse. From the New York Herald-Trib: The horse lost a good friend when Gen. Isaac R. Sherwood died recently. The standard bred, or trotting horse, had the warmest place in the affec- tions of the late Representative from Ohlo, though he was fond of a good horse of any sort, and for many years he drove one of the hest pairs to he seen on the streets of Washington. He could drive with rare skill, and thos: with a love for a nice team, well turned out, never failed to stop and follow with an admiring eye Gen Sherwood and his horses as they passed through the streets of the Capital. Though past 80 years, he never lost an opportunity thus to take the air. ‘The horse has done much for many men in public life in their declining years. It undoubtedly prolonged the life of Gen. Sherwood. It has kept . T. Bedford, who recently drove a | trotter in 2:0814 to a road cart over his half-mile track at Greens Farms, Conn., as youthful as a man of half his 76 years. It has maintained the mental and bodily vigor of J. A. P. | Ramsdell of Newburg, this Stat | who, though 84 years of age, recently rode o saddle horse at an autumnal horse show and won a blue in a con- spicuous cla: That hackneyed phrase about noth- ing being so good for the inside of a man as the outside of a horse holds good with as much force today as when it was first uttered.