Evening Star Newspaper, August 15, 1925, Page 6

zen from criminals, outlaws, maraud- ers, robbers. There are laws forbid- ding such crimes, but they are faulty, and when they are broken and the violators are caught slight sentences are imposed. Criminals are exalted and heroized. This man Chapman was per- mitted on his trial for murder to fill the stage as an heroic figure, and «much sympathy was expressed for him by sentimentalists. He was lauded as a master mind, a superman, & gal- lant adventurer whose bouts against the law were likened to the exploits of knights of romance. Shorter shrift for crooks of all de- grees, especially for murderers; shorter trials and briefer periods of delay in execution fewer appeals, less maudlin sympathy for slayers, a stouter spirit on the part of jurors and judges; in short, a change of viewpoint so that With Sunday Mcrning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SATURDAY..... August 15, 1925 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Busfh, oo 11th St. and Pennaylvania Ave New York Qffice: 110 East 43nd St. Chicago Office: Tower Building. Turopean Office: 16 Regent St.. London, England. with the Sunday morn- The Ev e Evening Sta fers within inx edition. is del the city at 60 cen! 48" conle "per’ manti: Hunday on one orde < eent. b Talnhone Main 5080™ Foliection 1+ made by carrier at the end of sach month Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. ally and Sunday. only . Bunday only ", All Other States. those who take human lite will be aily ;r'.‘?’suau. . $10.00: regarded as beasts of prey, to be elim- Wnday oxly . inated for soclety’s sake—these are needed today in this enlightened land, supposedly a land of law and order, actually @ land of crime and inse- curity Member of the Associated Press. The Asgociated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dia- Ppatches credited fo it or not otherwise cred- ited in this paper and also the local news published herein. Al rights of publication ! special dispatches herein are also reserved. —.— Growth of Washington. ‘The extent of new building in the District 18 shown in figures by the building inspector in his annual re- port to the Commissioners. Summariz- ing the report, one finds that during the last fiscal year $62,862,980 worth of buildings were constructed or au- thorized. This is the largest building bill for one year in the history of the District, and is an increase of $23. An International Code. 4 conference for the codification of international law will soon be pro- vosed by President Coolidge, it is re- ported from Swampscott, the Summer White House. Such a conference doubtless would be of great value. The codification of law, international or otherwise, for the better guidance of courts and those who appear in them with causes to try is always desirable. | 469,773, or sixty per cent, over the The proposal now advanced for a|previous fiscal year. It Is also a large codification of international law has|increase over the fiscal year ended particular bearing on the Permanent Court of International Justice, the World Court, in popular terms. Sena- tor Borah of Idaho, chalrman of the Senate foreign relations committee, an antagonist of the World Court in its present form and gtrongly opposed to the adherence of the United States to that court, has demanded that a codi- fication of international law be one of the prerequisites to entry of this coun- wry into the court. It is possible, therefore, that a call for a conference of the natlons to deal with interna- tional law would make the path of the proponents of American adherence to the World Court easler when the Sen- ste has the protocol before it next Winter. . While such codification is desirable, in the opinion of eminent jurists and statesmen in America, it need not be deemed essential before the United States agrees to play its part in the maintenance of the World Court. Dur- ing the history of the nations there has grown up and developed in more or less concrete form rules governing many subjects which arise between nations for consdieration. They are based on decisions reached and agree- ments entered into. They constitute “international law.” No lawmaking body of the nations has ever been set up to make such law. International Jaw, such as it Is, like the old common lew which governs today in English and American courts, is a growth. The common law, established through decisions and precedents of the courts themselves, is admittedly sound, and found to be fair and just after long practice. And so with international law. Nothing could further the interests of justice and equity between the na- tions to @ greater extent than the es- tablishment of an international court before which the nations could plead their causes. It has been the dream of statesmen who belleve in justice and the rule of reason rather than in force and war. At the Washington conference on limitation of armaments a resolution was adopted to create a commission of jurists to consider the rules of inter- national law relating to war, particu- Jarly to determine whether these rules adequately cover new methods of at- tack or defense resulting from the in- iroduction of new agencies of war- fare since The Hague conference of 2 : 1907. The representatives of the |, & ;hr:: "ea“'ba“d thicce vas United States, the British Empire, | Do, o1 Often trouble in renewing 4 it. His interest was payable every six ¥rance, Italy and Japan concurred in : months, and a good deal of planning this resolution. Clearly the purpose in mind was the codification and the | Sre PTi(t Were often required to get L the interest money together. Under definite fixation of international law modern conditions & purchaser signs 0 far as it relates to war. The proposal for a conference on tn.| - Dndle Of notes in which the pay. ternational law now put forward, how. | oo, Ok the principal and the interest over, goes much further. It is desired | oy b o wr Makes & monthly That the rules and regulations obtain. | Ly ipC e o PATt i8 on the prin- ing among nations for the peaceful| e oy Prt on the interest. He settlement of differences that ma Fo e e = Y | semi-ennual or annual lump sums, but arise shall be put into more definite|no man has found out how to make form. Such a conference scarcely|tne payment of taxes one of the pleas. oould be expected to “make” interna- ures of life. tional law, though it might go far ‘Whether owning or renting is 7oward the proper shaping of the rules | cneaper is a question, and depends on of vrocedure in an international court | several things, but most people vote of justice. in favor of owning. There is a sense £ the codification of international|op proprietorship, responsibility and law can go forward without delay so independence in owning which men, much the better. But it should not be | gnq especially women, like. Where permitted to delay action upon the im-|the people come from to buy, or sign portant proposal of American adher-{yup, for the new houses is a question #noe to the World Court. to which are different answers. A — good many new people come to Wash- Operators and miners dispute, but |ingion, but most of these new houses the ultimate consumer is denied even [gre taken by people who move out of the pleasure of getting into the argu- flats and rented houses and sell the ment. old home downtown to move ‘‘farther out.” June 30, 1923, which to that time was the banner building year in Washing- ton, when construction was being pushed to mect a housing shortage and when thousands of people were turning to home building because of high rents. The figure of nearly sixty-three milllon dollars does not in- clude construction by the National or District government, and such con- struction would not add much to the sum. While citizens build at an un- precedented pace, here and nearly everywhere throughout the country, the National Government is talking about the buildings it needs for carry- ing on public business. The sixty- three millon dollars spent or pledged in Washington between Jun¢ 30, 1924, and June 30, 1925, was for the building. of homes, office buildings, apartment houses, hotels and other commercial structures. The growth of Washington, es- pecially outside of the former city limits, is apparent to everybody who goes beyond the brick and asphalt in the old parts of the city. Building growth does not proceed as in other years. A few vears ago & man, after conferences and walking, would pick out a lot, buy it, hunt up a buflder and set up a new house. Some of the early real estate men would buy a few acres, subdivide and sell lots. General- Iy they would lend a man enough money to build a house. There are real estate organizations now which take over tracts at a cost which would make old Washington gasp, cut off high hills, dump them into valleys, lay streets and build houses by the score, two hundred and perhaps five hundred at a swoop. Then, “inspection is invited,” and a man gets a ready- bullt and usually a well built house, ready for occupancy. A family can buy the house in the morning and cook lunch in the kitchen. The plot is planted with grass and shrubbery. There are several of these ‘real es- tate developments” in progress and prospect that do not appear in the building inspector’s figures, but will be there next year. There have been other improve- ments in the way of getting & home. Formerly a man when he got his lot secured a loan of say $3,000 to build a | house. He was lucky to get it that way. Often in other years he had to build the house before he could put @ trust on it. His trust was payable, let T — Our Crime-Ruled Land. From a condemned cell at Hartford, Conn., Gerald Chapman, convicted of murder and sentenced to death, has by his influence, If not by his specific command to a fellow criminal, wreaked deadly vengeance upon the man whom he regarded as his betrayer. Chap- men, & notorfous jail breaker, and finally wanted for homicide committed in Connecticut, was caught on a farm neer Muncie, Ind., through the testi- mony of Ben Hance, with whom he ned been llving for several months. After his arrest he was heard to vow that he would be avenged. Yesterday Hance and his wife were slain in the road near their home. Before dying Hance gave the names of his assail- ants, one of whom has heen arrested and the other is still at large. The fugitive is known as one of Chap- man’s comrades in crime, and is him- welf wanted for homicide. . This is the year 1925, supposedly a time of civilization and public order. Actually it 18 a time of disorder and crime even greater than five centuries ago in any land. Life is held more |competing with the slower but char- cheaply than in days when govern- |acteristic gondolas. The thumping of ment was weak. There are no de- |these water pests has disturbed the o Pennsylvania may decide o take up Gen. Smedley Butler as a candidate for governor. As a vice opponent he bas had his obstacles, but politics may yet show him a way to wrest victory frorh the jaws of defeat. Venice Menaced With Motors, Venice, the city of the sea, has for several centurles been the mecca of tourlsts attracted by its singular situ- ation, its water thoroughfares, its quaint and beautiful architecture, its picturesqueness, its art, its gondola transport. Ever since Coryat hiked across Europe and back to England, and then wrote quaintly about the “bride of the Adriatic,” it has been increasingly popular with sightseers. But in recent times Venice has been slipping from its attractive isolation and its distinctive individuality. The establishment of small steamers or “vaporettos” on the Grand Canal was the first step. Then more lately came the introduction of small motor boats, 1 THE - EVENING HE EVENING STAR!""""“‘ securities to protect the citi- | quiet of the City of the Doges, and | the wash from them has menaced the foundations of buildings. Still, the city fathers have not moved to prevent them, failing to realize that their pres- ence is an anachronism and a nui- sance. Now comes the most serious thr of all against the isolation of Venice. It is proposed to construct an automo- bile road connecting Venice .and Padua. It is possible now to reach Venice by train, a rallway bridge hav- ing been constructed across the lagoon some years ago, but the thought of linking up the city with the mainland for access by motor cars is a dlstinct shock to the lovers of the picturesque. The proposal is now under considera- tion by the Itallan government, and the wish of all who have ever seen Venice, and who, as is natural, hope to revisit it, is that it will be rejected. It has been said that there are many Venetians who have never seen a horse save the equine effigies on the facade of St. Mark's and the steed of Colleone on the campo of the Church of SS. John and Paul. And, naturally, there are many who have never seen a motor car, for Venetians of today do not travel, although thelr ancestors were seafarers. It is inconceivable that motor traffic should be brought into the eity so long immune from wheeled transportation. An automo- bile road from the mainland to Venice, the establishment of a garage on the lagoon side, the admission of motor cars into the calles of the city, would be an outrage against which millions of people throughout the world would revolt with the utmost indignation. In these days of iconoclastic modern- ism, let Venice at least be preserved from this invasion. S S The price of food has risen to such an extent that the managers of public banquets next Winter may be tempted to adopt the considerate course of ex- tending the time for speeches and cut- ting down on the menu. A AR SC T The general publicity recenily at- tained by Clarence Darrow is likely to leave the prison-detained Leopold and Loeb with an impression that, so far as they are concerned, he is loafing on the job. e — The confident attitude assumed by the Hohenzollerns may leave it in doubt whether Hindenburg functions more importantly as a President or as an advance agent. —r——. The brilliant eloquence of Bob Inger- soll leaves the modern agnostic in the position of trying to purvey what the vaudevillians would describe as “‘old stuff.” e = The object of Arctic exploration has hitherto been a trifle obscure to the lay mind. Now we know that it may at least serve to establish a new radio station. ———— When a famous motion picture per- former gets sick fears are entertained concerning his recovery because of the liability of the zealous press agent to get in the doctor's way ———— Political changes take place so rapid- Iy that it becomes more difficuit to remember the places of cabinet of- ficials than those of eminent base ball players. e If France adheres to the announced determination to produce no more in- decent shows New York may under- take an export trade in the drama. T L The Arctic climate is likely to pre- vent any Eskimo prima donnas from contributing radlo renditions of ‘“Red- Hot Mamma.” EART e R L While Italy will always be famous for artistic refinement the methods of Mussolini in establishing a dictator- ship were undeniably rough. ———— " SHOOTING STARS. 8Y PHILANDER JOHNSON The Lane. The goldenrod is flaunting In the lane. In spite of sorrow's haunting And the pain That recollection brings A splendor gay it flings Where the robin lightly In the lane. sings “No Man’'s Land" we are forgetting, As the lane Bids us pause and cease the fretting All so valn. Highways on the land or sea Scenes of conflict still may be, But there's rest for you and me In the lane. Unwavering. “Do you believe the old sitory that George Washington never told a lie?” “You bet I do,” said Benator Sor- ghum. “S8ome people try to tell me that was only a symbolical story, but in politics, as well as religion, T am a fundamentalist from the hear(.” Home, Sweet Home. The airship soon will fly so fast I shall not care to roam, For every place will seem at last Next door to home, sweet home. Jud Tunkins says he hopes they re- vive the old-time dances, which have just as much right to be worked over again as the old-time jokes. The Human Voice. ‘““Phe human voice has & wonderful charm.” “It works both ways,~ commented Miss Cayenne. ““A good singer is pleas. ant, but & bad radlo announcer can spoll the whole program.” No Change. The ice man has @ merry biz. The coal man seems relieved. The ultimate consumer is The one who's always peeved. “Don't be too keen 'bout a political Jjob,” sald Uncle Eben, ““ 'Stid o’ work- in’ elght hours e day you may have to worry sixteen.” Speed and Courts. From the Lake County ‘fimes. There will be less speed on the highways when there is more in the courts. |with a sticky STAR. WASHINGTON, - THIS AN BY CHARLES E. “By my bed I have some beautiful Gladioll,” writes a soldier in the hos- ital. “Their color ranges from & ight pink to a deep cerise. What a marvelous thing. “Surely, no one but God could have created them. I am sure they couldn’t have been like Topsy, and ‘just grew.’ “It is queer, but It is the little things in life that give me my greatest faith in God. How can a man be an agnostic when he se a perfect cre- points T would like to emphasize in connection with the above letter. One {s the place flowers play in the life of the sick. Another is the wonder of the Gladiolus, king of flowers. The third is the impor- tance of little thing: ‘There is no dan of exaggerating the remedial value of flowers for those abed. They are at once confections, pictures, gems and sermons. Flowers are confections the ill may enjoy without harm. They are pic- tures “no artist can paint,” at the same time they rival the brightest gems that ever shone. Above all, they preach the happlest sermons, without ostentation, telling the patient that he, too, is under the care of immor- tal forces. The Gladiolus, it seems to me, is among the very finest flowers for pres- entation to a sick person, for their utter lack of odor makes them more acceptable than blooms blessed with sweet perfume. The latter have their place in na- ture, but mostly outdoors. Perfumed blossoms within doors are distasteful to many well folk, and almost in- variably to those who are sick. Some- thing about them seems to offend. Fowers without odor are more accept- able. * ok ok % Many persons (among whom the writer is one) prefer flowers without smell at all times. Perhaps this is one reason why I like the Gladiolus. This flower, rapldly gaining the title of “king of flowers” (the Rose long holding the title of “queen”) depends for its appeal upon its unrivaled blooms, if one may call them such, ite grace and its unusual habits. ‘The Gladlolus is the cat of flowers. As the cat has a galaxy of peculiar habits that make him inte: cat fans, so the Gladiolus sword-shaped leaves, sudden “shoot- ing"” of the flower spike, blooming up the spike, and bulb habits, appeals to those who love it. The Gladjolus combines in one plant all the charm of the bulbous plants, such as the Tulip, the glorious color- ing of the Rose, and the cut-flower worth of the Aster. In addition, it responds readily to human care, although it can make out very nicely by itself, and allows the gardener to have a fine time poking around the soll, watching it, helping it along, staking up its spike so winds will not blow it over, and in tending it in a vase. Cut and placed in water as the first blooms appear, the Gladiolus will blossom up the entire spike, if the water is changed daily, the faded flowers removed and a small portion of the spike cut off. The inside of the vase “gums up” exudation from the spike, so the vessel should be thor- oughly rinsed each morning and the spike well washed. It helps freshen up the flowers if they are sprayed !with water. | * Bw Surely the Gladiolus is one of the most graceful things in all Flower- land. And working upon the sure basis of worth the Creator put into this flower, floriculturists have made . TRACEWELL. D. C., SATURDAY. D THAT of it a thing of beauty and a joy for- ever. In & small garden.any one, for a tew dollars, may have a profusion of blooms, ranging the rainbow, of al- most unending fascination of form and appearance. No two of them are exactly alike, each having a slightly different shap- ed blossom and characteristics, yet each is based on the wonderful stand- ard pattern. I never look at a Gladio- lus but what I think the Creator had a wonderful thought here. Its shape is the same idea as work- ed out in a score of other flowers, notably the entire lly family, the Gloxinia, the Digitalis, etc. In its habit of blooming up the spike, starting at the battom, it particularly resembles the Foxglove (Digitalis). What man has been able to do with the Gladiolus is only second to what God did with it in the first place, and justifiea the claim that He made man “in His image.” A modern Gladiolus garden is a lesson in what man may do, working under laws laid down, in changing and bettering the creations of Nature. A Glad is best seen in the garden, it seems to me, as all flowers are. I am not a cut-flower “fan,” although ad- | mitting their place at the bedside, as outlined above. All flowers do better, remaining | brighter and fresher, when reposing on the bosom of Mother Earth from which they sprang. To take them out and put them into vases is second only to caging wild animals in Zoos. * X x % “It Is queer. but it is the little things in life that give me my great- est faith.” Wordsworth held a flower from the cranny in his hand, and sald if he could ‘really explain it he could tell “what God and man f{s.”" Blake saw eternity in a grain of sand. The soldler” in_the hospital sees faith in God in a Gladiolus. The little things in life ought to play a larger part than they do. Why do we need to be constantly astound- ed, amazed, “hit squarely between the eyes,” flabbergasted. stunned? Such exploiting of the emotions has 8 wearing as well as a wearying ef- fect, leaving far too many of us “all played out” emotionally, unable to respond when the little things ot life make their large anpeal. “Do not long for the old days,” de- clares the unsigned motion picture ad, going on to add that the days of the “nickelodeon” are far in the past and that “bigger and better” pictures are on the way this Fall and Winte: The trouble Is—we do long for the old days! The very fact that such an “ad” was printed proves it. Progress and keen competition bring forth many fine things, but they also leave some of them behind them. I am sure that the old “nickelodeon’ was one of them. Such a place, compared with our great picture palaces of today, i8 a “little thing,” in the sense I mean, and had a charm all its own. Do you remember how yvou entered it with vour best girl, and saw a clean little play that you enjoyed together? Yes, we do long for the old days! So it is that the little things of life perhaps do count as much as they ought—how do I know? As a group the public seems to demand to be amazed and astounded, but as individ- uals perhaps it is content with the little things There is hope for this Nation, de- spite Mr. Mencken's lamentations, so long as flowers, children, bulldogs. “‘Scotland’'s burning! ‘‘London | Bridge is failing down!" And “Niagara | Falls is drving u Secretary of Com- {merce Herbert Hoover is responsible for the last statement of disaster, but nobody knows who 18 guilty of the first two. It is not disclosed just how soon the precipice over which the water is still pouring between Lakes Erle and Ontario will become dusty, but the en- gineers, of whom Mr. Hoover is pre- eminent, are beginning to talk as though something ought to be done about it. While the Chicago Drainage Canal 18 held to account for diverting much water from the St. Lawrence to the Mississipp! River and lowering the levels of the Great Lakes as well as the depth of the St. Lawrence chan- nel, it is not that which is exciting in- terest of the engineers in the drving up of the falls. * ok % % In truth, it is not that a lessened total volume of water is pouring over the falls, but it is shifting its channel and changing the conformation, so that the long straight edge of the American Falls may emerge above the lowered surface of the shallow water, while more and more of the volume will be diverted to tumble into the Horseshoe Gorge aof the Canadian Falls. That would eventually an- nihilate the picturesque American Falls, while the increased, but con- centrated, flow over the Horseshoe would not increase the scenic beauty. The engineers propose to plant stone and concrete islands just above the Horseshoe Falls, which would turn the current toward the American Falls. The Canadians have no objec- tions to that project, for under exist- ing treaties the power created by the entire falls is definitely assigned to the two countries. It makes no differ- ence whether the water falls on the American or the Canadian side of the international boundary. Of the total flow of 56,000 cubic feet per’ second, Canada gets 36,000 cublc feet in power and the United States 20,000. ncle Sam calls that a ‘“square deal,” and is perfectly satisfied, because when the treaty was made there was an Ameri- can power company with works on the Canadian side, but selling its current to American consumers. That com- pany used 8,000 cubic feet per second, and it was agreed that the 8,000 should be taken from the American half and added to the Canadian half, making the division 20 to 36. Since then the American firm has sold out to the Canadlan government, which inherits the 8,000 cubic feet without legal re- strictions_as to its market of the power. When the present treaty ex- pires, in the next 25 or 30 vears, a re- adjustment will be undertaken, accord- ing to new developments. ok ok K In the meanwhile, what is to be the outcome of the greater project to unlock that barrier to ocean navi- gation and admit Into the Great Lakes ships which sail the Seven Seas? There ahey may discharge their cargoes brought intact from the far- thest ports consigned to Duluth, Mil- waukee and Chicago. Never in man’s efforts to remodel the world has there been a plan so stupendous as that of transferring Atlantic terminals from the coast to the heart of the continent. In com- parison of commerce, the digging of the Suez and Panama Canals pro- duced far less diversion of traffic than will the opening of the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Ship ¢ Canal through the 33 miles of barrier yet remaining undug. The total cost of a ship channel of 25-foot depth, which will admit 85 per cent of the vessels of the ocean to_the harbors of Lakes Ontario, Erfe, Huron, Michigan and Superior, is estimated at $2562,000,000; for a 30-foot depth of channel, the cost would be $275,000,000, and that would carry all ocean vessels except BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. cats, base ball and sunshine please us. the great liners—carry 58 per cent of all registered ships. The present ton- |nage of Duluth, Detroit and Chicago exceeds double the combined tonnage of the Suez and Panama Canals. To add the ocean tonnage made possible by the ship canal will be like turn- ing the continent inside out. That feat can be consummated within 10 years—Secretary Craig of the Great Lakes and Tidewater Association be- lieves it would be possible within § or 6 years. g S The geography of such a route is surprising. It would make Erie, Pa. as close to Liverpool as is New York. The distance from New York to Liverpool fs 3,183 miles: from Montreal to Liverpool, via the St Lawrence, 1t is only 2,785 miles. From New York to Gibraltar, gateway of the Mediterranean and the Far East, the distance is 3,183 miles; from Montreal to Gibraltar it is only 5 miles farther. The St. Lawrence route will save 6500 miles in haul for the crops and other products of the Midwest, besides substituting water in place of rail, with an average sav- ing in cost of freight, plus the market value of the 4,000,000 horsepower pro- duced by the locks and dams. Ac- cording to Secretary Craig the entire cost of the improvement would come back within one year—not to the governments or states creating the improvement, but to the producers. In other words, the canal will add from $250,000,000 to $275,000,000 a year to the net profits of the farm- ers, packers and manufacturers in the savings of costs of transportation on their products. Nor would that saving be at the ultimate expense of the railroads now hauling the freight, as may appear superficially. Secretary Craig and Statistician Alfred H. Ritter agree in declaring that by making it possible for agricuiture to thrive, through im- proved means of access tc markets, new industries will spring up produc- ing_higher class freight, so that in a short time the railroads will carry more freight, and of a higher class than at present, while the grain and other raw products will be taken by the ocean vessels directly from the Midwest ports. The States bordering on the Great Lakes and those whose freight will be tributary to the St. Lawrence Canal contain a population of 43,000, 000, hence nearly half of the popu- lation of the United States is direct- |ly concerned in the project. The Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Tide- water Association is maintained by the States concerned—not by indi- viduals nor corporations, but wholly by legislative appropriations. e interest is the St. Law- Canal to the City of Washington and the people of the surrounding States?” was asked of Secretary Craig. “Washington is the epitome of the entire country,” Mr. Craig promptly replied. “The National Capital is in- terested in the general welfare of “Ot what rence Ship the | {tracks, then by fine carriage roads and land by means of three books, “Swit-| Q. zerland, the Country and Its People,” by Clarence Rook, with fllustrations trom paintings by Effie Jardine, cives begins with the lake dwellers, or pile builders, whose former existence was implements of many kinds. ologists have since made a studv of these remains and others similar and deduced from them much probable history. Evidences of such prehistoric the Lakes of Constance, Geneva and when Helvetia was a settled comm: nity whose inhabitants fought Julius Caesar, down through the Middle Ages scribes the present Swiss form of gov- as the famous Swiss Papal Guard at | care for Neuchatel, which he calls “a 15, 1925, S THE LIBRARY TABLE ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. By the Booklover. This week we will travel in Switzer- class were French settlers, whose oc cupation originally was hunting the wild cattle on the islands, especially Hispaniola, and preserving the flesh How many passengers has the Leviathan carried on a round trip?— E. O. United A. The flagship of the Stats Li made her banner trip|{at the little establishmerts Kfil“efl much attention to the history of the | Jtales Lines made Der Laster (b %) icans.” they being known as “bou little republic always renowned for | o and cararming trom Southampton |canlers. After being driven from these pursuits by the Spaniards these boucaniers took to piracy, particulariy upon Spanish vessels, and to raiding Spanish settiements on the islands and its patriotism. Swiss history really|on the 14th. She handled on this round trip 3,374 passengers. The receipts for freight and passengers totaled over $769,000. discovered only in 1853, when, near mainland. Their career closed abour Zurich, workmen found below the bed | o o TemEl g | 100, of the lake a large number of plles|,, o O 5™y dings due to the Q. What was the occupation of and then antlers, bones, weapons and | gait, ot BOPHC PO Bociater Vo Arche: [ "4 ", M. Storke, publisner ot the Santa Barbara News, says that the loss to public buildings and charitable and quasi-charitable institutions is enormous. The losses in schools alone amounts to $700,000. In order to bulld for the future a much greater sum must be expended. The courthouse, jail, hall of records, county hospital and poorhouse, Sis- ters’ hospital, outfall sewer, ocean boulevard, as well as scores of minor public works and bulldings, are prac- tically total losses. A. He followed at first the craft of his father, a sculptor. Later, how ever, his time was spent in the ma ket place, catechizing all who would lfsten. He served as a soldler, and finally became a member of the Ser ate. lake settlements have been found in Zurich and many other smaller low lakes, but none have been found in the high Alpine lakes. Known Swiss history extends from Roman rule, Q. How many processes does cotion go through and to what density is compressed?—W. S. W. A. Usually two packing processe | are employed, but in a few cases only one is used. Ordinarily the cotton is first put through the gotton baling Dress at the gin; this gacks the bale to a density of about 12 to 14 pounds per cubic foot. It is then sent 1o the raflroad compress, where it is com Dressed to a density of about 28 to 33 pounds per cubic foot. It is then ready for railroad shipment or export Sometimes a special compress is used in connection with the baling process with which the cotton is packed ar the gin to a density of about 30 to 3 pounds per cubic foot. No furthe compression is required even for ex port. Q. Was John Wilkes Booth consid ered a great actor’—E. 8. B. . Estimates vary somewhat con cerning his ability as an actor. Ar the beginning of his career in Phila when the tyrants of Austria oppressed the vigorous small republic and Wil- helm Tell became the natfonal hero, to modern times, when Switzerland has become an example of an almost perfect peaceful democracy. One very interesting chapter of the book Q. What player was the originator of dropping a fly ball in order to make a double play?—W. P. W. A. Dicky Pearce, shortstop on the Atlantics of Brooklyn, was the orig- fnator. ernment and constitution. There are, Mr. Rook says, four occupations in which the Swiss have won aistinction recognized the world over. They have always been good soldiers, often mer- cenaries in the service of alien causes, Q. What per cent of farm land is used for the production of food for human consumption?—M. P. A. About two-tenths of the 365,000,- 000 aores of land in the United States occupled by crops harvested in the census year 1919, or about 76,000,000 acres, produced food for human con- sumption; seven-tenths or approxi- mately 257,000,000 acres were used to produce forage crops and one-tenth was used for other purposes, prin- the Vatican; and though they are to- day a very peaceful people, every man is & trained potential soldier. Swiss en- Bineers, struggling to conquer the mountains which hem them in, have accomplished triumphs of engineering oy ] o1 cons! failure which “stand ns o clpally to produce cotton, fiber flax | delphia he met with constant failure victory of human skill over phsios;|and tobacco. He was frequently received wits obstacles.” The Swiss have always had hisses. Later he played two seasons a veritable passion for education rad| Q- Do dialects appear in the Indian |in_ Richmond, where he was held in ; He then became a star and Seem to possess the pedagogic instinct: | |anguage as in other languages’— | esteem. B . Swits achools and teachers ave monos | K. T.. T. made 2 tour comiencing at Mo the Dest in the world. Finally, the| A. The Smithsonian Institution | 9Mmery. Ala- and OO W0 FASIon says that there are about 45 stocks Swiss are a nation of hosts—a more of languages with approximately 300 courteous and more accurate way of he was commended particularly his presentation of the part of Rich keepers. Everywhere in Switzerland| ~HOW deep is the Arctic Ocean? |in New York except at & few benefitc the traveler meets fairness, kindli-| % C: V- is| Q. Can you tell me if eels have ness, consideration, but no obsequl-| .4 13 Ereatest known depth s oegr . 1. ousness, 18:200 toel A. The Bureau of Fisheries savs * ok ok X Oscar Kuhns' “Switzerland” is the work of a native Swiss who loves his fatherland and often returns there to find “renewed health and strength among the snow-covered Alps.” This book would be especially useful to a traveler in Switzerland, because it de- scribes the country geographically ac- cording to its sections; as Bern and its environs, Lucerne, the Bernese Oberland, Geneva and its lake, Cha- monix and Mont Blanc (in France, but continuous with the Swiss Alps), and the heart of the Alps about Zermat and the Matterhorn. Q. Please give a brief sketch of the |they do. g history of St. Mary's Church, Annap-| Q= How would the sun appear olis, Md.—B. 8. K. | person at the Pole du'rln; the time it A. This hurch was erected in|is viewed?—C. H. \.\, 3 A 1859. Connected with the church was| A. The Naval Observatory says a the College of the Redemptorist | the North Pole the sun is above the Fathers, which forms part of the | horizon continuously during the curriculum in which candidates for mnodn“*;: b‘e;‘l:f‘en!l:’:m:rn bl rn the Catholic priesthood were educated. | & i inan S P o The college and church stand upon |the horizon the rest of the vear. T the grounds donated the order for |Tises at the vernal equinox and moves religious purposes by Mrs. McTavish, | {n 8n ascending spiral, compieting the wife of John McTavish, and her three | Circuit of the horizon once in 24 hours sisters, all the granddaughters of |Until the Summer solstice, When it i Charles Carroll of Carrollton 23% degrees above the horhaon. I ; | then begins to move in a descendir e of the mast v v iral and sets at the autumnal delightful chapters is . Q Who succeeded Washington | spiral and s a mna Pastes, Ratiroads and Tunnoies oun Qardner as commissioner of pensions? | equinox Hia various Alpine passes have been trav- : . Where is the James Wiicomb ersed first by footpaths, then by wnae |, A Wilder S. Metcalf of Kansas was| o @ dn g B Riley Memorial Hospital?>—H. =S his succeseor. The present commis- | : 3 sloner, Winfleld Scott of Oklahoma,| A- It 18 @ part of the Indiana Uni now by | ; at Bl ¥ tunnals beneatl,: The teatn | ol vieo® Byl See Tratoate: | versity at Bloomington, Ind rushing through the tunnel under a pass conveys a tourist to a destina- tion most quickly, but to one who cares more for beauty than for speed it is a sorry substitute for the old dili- gence crawling slowly up the steep grades on one side and descending the other with creaking brakes. All tun. nels look much allke, but there is in- finite variety in the passes of Switzer- land. Some of the finest passes are the Simplon, the Great St. Bernard, the Little St. Bernard, the Mont Cenis, the St. Gotthard, the Splugen, the Brenner, the Grimsel, the Furka, the Gemmi, the Scheidegg and the Theo- dule. The chapter “In the Heart of the Alps” describes the country about the great peak of the Matterhorn, sur- rounded by its ring of glaciers. In the deep valley outside this ring lies the little village of Zermatt, one of the oldest of Alpine villages, for it is first mentioned in a document of the year 1280 and was then apparently an old place. From Zermatt, the highest rail- road in Europe, next to the Jungfrau Q. Why does sound travel under water than in air’—R. G A. The reason that the velocity o sound in liquids and solids is greater than in air is due to the fact that the coefficient of the elasticity of liquids and of solids is many times greate than that of air. Q. Why was Palestine so-called?— | M. B.C. A. It is derived from the Hebrew “Pelesceth,” meaning the land of the Philistines. It was first applied only | to the southwest part of that coun- try extending along the coast of the Mediterranean, and was first used in} an extended sense by the Greeks. | @ <hat was the ba Q It the.sollof) Chine. is ap fer.| Which the Mohawk squaw: ca tile, why does a drought cause a fam.|PApOOSe?—A. M. : Hes—C. T. 8 A. The Bureau of American Eth A. The soil of China, while extreme. | D0l0gY says that the Mohawk Indians Iy fertile, is too porous for successful |did Not carry babies in bags, but used irrigation, and the crops depend en. |cradle-boards, in their language cal tirely upon favorable rainfall. | ed karhonsera. called 1r ried her (Iife is but a series of qdestions and answers. We wonder and we learn. We ask and are answered. Some Q. What was the amount of money grants made by the British govern- ment to Fleld Marshall Halg and Ad- | > hiral Heatty?—M B B. learn more than others because the, A. Each was granted $500,000 and| wonder more and ask more. Some are given the title of earl. Other British |10t concerned and stay in whateves leaders of the land and sea forces were | little rut circumstances have placed also liberally rewarded with titles and | them. The Star is one of a proup of newspapers that maintains in Wasi road, carries one to the top of the|MmOney. | i i b. ington a great dureau that is in rea ?"'l"’; Grat, from which it is possible| Q. Who were the original “bucca-| ty the universal school of information 0 look across the Gorner glacier di-| neers" 7 M K. It will remove life’s question marks rectly at the summit of the Matter- horn and, on clear days, with a giass, even to discern climbers on the icy face of the horn. ok ok o More purely descriptive than either of the two preceding books is “‘Swit- zeriand in Sunshine and Snow,” by Ed- mund B. D'Auvergne. The author is more enthusiastic over Bern, the Swiss capital, than are most tourists who rush through it on their way to Lucerne or Interlaken. He does not A. The name was given to piratical | for you. It is free to all. Send you English, Dutch and French adven-|question with 2 cents in stamps fo turers, united in their opposition to | return postage. Address The Star In Spain, who maintained themselves | formation Burewu, Frederic .J. Has- chiefly in the Caribbean Sea during the | kin, director, Twenty-first ani seventeenth century. The first of the streets northwest Becomes “Master”™ Overnight in Art World Sargent dull place with an interesting his-| Always a center of interest in his|the present age is rushing into 4ll tory,” nor for “sedate, scholastic Lau-|lifetime, both in his own personality | phases of human endeavor, the sanne, * * * a town suited for schol- |and in his artistic output, John Singer | Paul Dispatch declares: “There s an ars and old maifds.” From Lausanne to evident wish to increase efficiency in Montreux the shores ot Lake Geneva the manufacture and distribution of halos. Conrad’s first editions brought Sargent, now dead, has set tongues wagging enthusiastically once more, merit the name of the Swiss Riviera. |both in London, where he dled, and in The mountains come down close to| America, which was the native home the water, and villas and hotels, with |of his parents, though he himself was gardens and balconies, line the road |born in Italy. The cause of the com- and perch on the flanks of the moun-{ ment s the unprecedented success of tains. The Castle of Chillon, jutting |the sale of his remaining water-color out into the blue water near Mon-|sketches, oil paintings, drawings and [the public at last come to appreciaie treux, is cheertully shown by an elder- | unfinished pictures at auction in Lon-|art for art's sake?’ the San Antonio ly gendarme to crowds of tourists|don, the proceeds from which reached | Express bewails: “Alas! It has not. ho have, or have not, read Byron's|much more than three-quarters of a|and referring to the prestige that su: “Prisoner of Chillon." he Gruyere | million dollars, an amount more than | ounded the owner of a Sargent pain Valley is spoken of as “the Switzer-|five times the value of the Sargent|ing even in the artist's lifetime, be land of romance, not the Switzerland | estate at the time of his death, exclu- | lieves “ownership of such a painting %f t{m el‘lmb‘:; nind the artist.” The|sive of these works of art just sold. pafter San:em':l death can come to anton Val s a “long, narTow| .« s ¢ ‘with whom the artist would trench excavated by the Rhone and 1t | ginar Bament hes oon bo meis 1o had no dealings in his lifetime parent glaclers, and is completely shut | ;artioular reverence,” says the Boston because they have the price 2}‘;,,5::;'“,;::,.{_3;' el Wit 0¥ | Transcript, “the late master's friends | K %k the river as almost to forbid egvess.” | Christie sale. This surprise, accord:| et o mee s koonr 1o the In modern times it has become a great |y . : g ciation of a X pin- Ing to the Transcript, has also been|jon of the New London Day, “an International highway, along Whichl|associated with “doubt whether the |when there are people with rush the express trains from London|prices were wholly justified.” because | envrsh o indulge (hat Sppreciatio and Parls, Germany and the fariof the “numerous examples of the|nCu&h to indule ot oiher north, to Italy. Nowhere else In|painter's quite early work, which the | L5 SPife of the competition of oth Switzerland do the mountains §0ar | sale included, and the inevitable pres.| COnnoMSseurs wWith money e high or are the glaciers 5o nUMErous | ence in the list of various sketches | o' o, o trere 18 I o reni cor and large. The Matterhorn and Monte | and canvases which scarcely could | %, MaXimum of encouragement,” con’ Rosa_dominate this Rhone Valley.|have been regarded by Sargent him.|Ciudes the Day. 7his opinion is no Lucerne and Geneva, centers of Ca-|gelf as of outstanding significance.”|Shared by the Butte Daily Fosi tholocism and Protestantism, are - | which scores those who “think t = test 3 In using the words, “the late master, he &wor done called the gayest and most frivolous of | in reference to Sargent, the Transcript [ {he Poorest plece of work ever dor in- went, by a genlus is better than the best Swiss citles. Of Switzerland as & Win- | touches upon the eriux of the whoie|PY s et ter resort Mr, D'Auvergne, who is an | situation, secording (o many ceitie | ever done by anybody else” and Englishman, by the way, says ironic- i = which stoutly maintains that “be * %ok % cause of this monopolistic ‘master ally: “The Enslish discovered Switzer. e e land in Winter, and have wrapped| ‘The astonish re. Workship, themselves In its Tobes to find them | cont Sacoont tore o' imout (€ '@ works by less known artists will be warm and health-giving. Doctors in-|frarks the Lynchburg News. -ia not a0 | 1Enored.” Publicity fs “tog powerfu vented the cold cure. Invallds were|much the high prices paid for the |nowadaxs continues the Post, “and dragged from their stuffy firesides at| paintings of a master, but the high |fame too unjust to all but the greai- Bournemouth and Mentone and sent | prices paid for the paintings of a mas. | st.” to get well or die at Davos. Then it|ter but a few months dead.” Continu- | Yet the press does not rate Sargen was seen that Switzerland in Winter|ing, the News avers: “Almost as as- | Dublicity seeker. Indeed, accordins was a capital playground for the ath-| tonishing is the fact that he should be |to the Columbus Dispatch, in orde: letic and the frisky. * ¢ * Winter|regarded as a master so shortly after |to attain fame some artists feel thev sport! The Swiss delightedly awak.|his death. He was even so regarded |must cut loose from all the sup ened to the commercial possibilities of | during his lifetime, a recognition that | posed excellence of the past, but snqw and ice!” has seldom been accorded to any |“John Singer Sargent made no such painter or other great artist. A mod-|break with the great art traditions ern has been recognized as among the |handed down from the past; his fail greatest, and did not have to wait the |ure to do so has evidently not cost verdict of posterity.” him much in loss of approval on Probing for the cause of the success | the part of art collectors.” And the tremendous prices within his lifetime and John Singer Sargent has but 1o die to become an ‘old master. It is swiftly done. Answering its own question, “Has they ship the lower grades also, for it comes via the canal. “Have the railroads suffered? No. America. Much has been said of tl need of bringing prosperity back to the farmer, and this will do it per- manently. It will bring new indus- tries with new prosperity. “Look what the Panama Canal did to the lumber interests of the Far Northwist. Prior to the open- ing of the canal, the lumber manu- facturers were obliged to waste a very high percentage of their lumber, because it would be of too low a grade to pay the high cost of transporta- tion by rail over the mountains. So they left it to rot where it was pro- duced, and they had to charge the con- sumers enough on the better grade lumber to pay for that waste. Now of the sale, which it labels a ‘‘sensa.|Dispatch questions whether “the in- tional event in art circles,” the In-[Sistently modern and ‘emancipated’ dianapolis Star refers to three rea-|art, so much in evidence of late, wil sons that have been advanced by some | ever score so brilllant a success in of the “critics among artists"—first,|an auction sale.” that “as it was known that the Sar-| In its comment on the ILondorn gent sale was to include all his re-|sale, the Sacramento Unlon states maining work, it would be the last|that “$850,000 was realized” and thar chance to buy and have a choice”;|this was “the largest return from anv second, Sargent’s reputation is con-|sale of works by an American artist. sidered sufficlent to have justified “a|Of course, there have been single desire among connolsseurs to own at | paintings by Old World masters of least one of his pictures,” and third, |other generations which have brought Before the opening of the canal in 1915, the combined lumber traffic of the 5 transcontinental raflroads was 15,000,000 tons; in 1923—eight years after the canal began to compete— the railroads carried 28,000,000 tons of lumber. “How will the improvement affect Washingtonians? By giving them food products from the Northwest at a lower cost; by giving the country at large greater prosperity, which is reflected naturally in the National | “a growing belief that Sargent will be large a sum,” explains the Union. Capital. =By seeing the territory | classed as the greatest painter of his| “but, considering that Sargent has north of here, using the 4,000,000 lage helped to explain the eagerness|been dead only a few months, it ix horsepower, light and heat, stimu- lating industries of all kinds?" (Copyright, 195, W Past V. Colling) to buy.” Finding in this phenomenal sale just another proof that the speed mania of not incorrect to say that quite sub stantial recognition has been shown one American artist.”