Evening Star Newspaper, August 10, 1925, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. MONDAY.,.....August 10, 1925 THEODORE W. NOYES. . . . Editor ’ The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office 11th St. and Pennsylvani Neg York Ofice: 110 East 45ad cago Office: Tower Buildin: Buropean Office: 16 Regent St. London England The Evening Star. with the Sunday morn- « oK edition, ia delivered by carriers within the ity at’ 60 cents per month: daily only. 45 cents per month: Sunday_only ents r month. Orders may be sent lephone Main 5000 Collection carrier at the end of each month Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and S S840 1 mo Dadly onls $6.00° 1 mo Sundas only $2.10° 1 mo < made by 1yr 1sr 157 s All Other States. Sunday ) 00 Bafiy Gy 500 Sundas only $3.00 1 mo 1mo 1 mo e Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dis- patches cradited to ft or not otherwise cred: ited in this paper and also the local news published herein. All rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved Water-Front Improvement. The question of the improvement of the water front comes before the pub- lic egain in & report to the District Commissioners by the District whart committee. The water front of Wash- ington, on the Potomac and tern Branch, gives an opportunity to add to the clegance of the Capital. It is a great natural asset to Washington which has not been adequately util- 1zed, and with an expenditure of an adequate amount of money could be made a distinguished feature of the city. London has effectively treated its frontage on the Thames. Its water front today shows 1o suggestion of the ooze, rotting wharves and slums of which Dickens wrote. Paris has developed its frontage on the Seine in a way to make the river an important feature of the French capital. Vienna has taken care of its frontage on the Danube and the Danaukanal, Budapest made its Danube front a world toast. Havana hoasts of its Malecon. Some work has been dome on the Washington water front, but what has not been done is emphasized by the remarkable work opposite the water front in the creation of Potomac Park. The stupendous work of recla- mation in the Eastern Branch, which will set one of the world’s fine parks opposite the south and east sides of Washington, nears completion. The wharf committee in its report to the Commissioners says: “One im- portant element which should not be overlooked is the fact the Government cannot expect to get tenants at this time that would be willing to pay the rental representative of a fair return on the cost of improving and develop- ing the water front. The City of New York has had a sad experience in this direction. Several years ago that city, at considerable cost, completed plers on Staten Island, only to have them vemain untenanted. The situation in Washington is probably different. Any expenditure for developing the water tront of the Natfonal Capital in an at- tractive way can certainly be justified, even though many tenants may not be found that could pay the rental the Government would expect to receive.” The commercial phase is one ele- ment in the question of water-tront improvement. The Potomac and East- ern Branch should be made ready for any commercial activity which may come to them. The shipping outlook is not bright. Shipping on the Poto- mac, and on every river forming part of the Chesapeake system, has de- clined. It is probably a fact that ship- ping has declined on every river in the United States. The tidewater country south of Washington is poor- ly served by railroads. No line of track runs to the mouth of the river on either the Maryland or the Vir- ginla side. It cannot be said that rallroads are responsible for the de- cline in Potomac River traffic. River traffic was decreasing before the auto- mobile and smooth, hard roads were known, but the decline has been rapid since the automobile came into use. Good roads are building in Maryland and Virginia, and the automobile and autotruck are increasing in number. Once there was considerable water- borne commerce between Washington, Philadelphia and New York, but this has greatly lessened. One cannot see that water trans- portation on the Potomac has a hope- ful outlook, but the wharves of Wash- ington, for accommodation of such commerce as we have, and such as we may get, should be permanent and neat, the dock-line should be regular and the main water-front streets should be handsome boulevards. There should be short-way connection between South Washington and Poto- mac Park and between Southeast and Bouthwest Washington and Anacostia Park. ———— All Europe asks is that Uncle Sam will be as recklessly liberal with na- tional money as the average American tourist is with personal funds. RS LT S An Impressive Spectacle. Saturday’s parade by the Ku Klux Klan in this city was a commendable ‘demonstration of discipline and good order, and afforded an impressive spectacle which will be long remem- bered in a city the streets of which have been the scenes of many great pageants. Contrary to apprehension, freely expressed hefore the gathering of the order, there was no disturbance whatever. The onlookers were order- 1y, and the marchers were strictly in- tent upon the task of making a show- ing of solidarity and regularity. Esti- mates of the numbers in line vary widely. Whether there were 25,000, as some computations indicate, or over 50,000, according to others, the parade was notable for its precision of the march and the rapidity of its move- ment. ‘The outstanding feature of the dem- onstration was the presence in the streets of thousands of Klansmen in their distinctive robes, but without any concealment df identity. This was the first public appearance of a and | beginning of a general abandonment of the mask as a feature of the rugalia and a characteristic of the principles of the organization. There is no need in this country of & secret organization which conceals | identity of membership and which is | based upon race and religious preju- | dice and antagonism. There is need of an otganization which stands | s00d citizenship, for obedience to and | | respect for the law, which, abstaining | seeks to uphold | an life. Satur- | jday’s demenstration at tie Capital | | may indicate that the Ku Klux Klan turning from the un-American princi i,m-\ of race and religious restriction | |ana opposition that have I been its most striking cha is now seeking to render real {able service to the country. a demonstration of discipline | and order of which it may well proud. It has an opportunity as a jresult of this display to make itself force for good without belying the j Americanism of which it bears the mbol. w | the stanc heretofore teristic, nd valu- | 1t has siven be The Democracy and the West. Chairman William A. Oldfield of the Democratic national congressional committee. heeding the oft-repeated suggestion of Horace Greeley, made many vears ago, “Go West, young man, go West,” will leave Washing: ton in a few days in an effort to stir the Democrats of the States bevond the Mississippi to unified action once again It the party to re n a great national political party, as it has for so many years, it Is vi- tally necessary that interest in the party be revived in the great West Last year, during the Coolidge-Davis- La Follette campaign for the pr dency, the Democrats practically aban- doned opposition to the Republican nominee in the Western States to the La Follette-Wheeler forces. Some of the party leaders believed that if Dem ocratic aid were thrown to La Follette consin Senator carry them, preventing Cool- idge from obtaining a majority of the electoral votes and thus force the choice of a President upon the House of Representatives. There lay the Democratic hope of success, these leaders reasonied. It was a sadly mis- taken bit of political strategy, how- ever, and the only result was almost to wipe out the Democratic party as a national organization in the West. For the most part the West has been faithful to the Republican party and its policies. But when the Repub- licans split in 1912 the West swept Wilson into the White House, and again in 1918 it gave aid and comfort Democratic is | the THE EVENING feaity to his State party leader, re- fused overtures from the governor's; chief opponent. Mr. McAdoo, says mayor, requested an Interview and tendered him the nomination for Vice President on a McAdoo-Hylan ticket. He declined because his “heart ‘ue to AL Furthermore, says the mayor, he, at the suggestion of Morgan J. O'Brien. went to Willlam Randolph Hearst and urged the pub- lisher to use his influence to obtain the support of Wiillam Jennings Bryan for Gov. Smith’s candidacy Let there be no further talk, says the mayor in effect, about disloyalty to Gov. Smith. Mr. McAdoo wanted him, Hylen. for his running mate. Though he does not say so. he leaves the im- pression that that would have been a “whale of a ticket.” It would The history which the mayor now contributes is not quite complete. Did Mr. Hearst ask Mr. Bryan help Gov. Smith? Mr. Bryan is dead, and Mr. Hearst never talks. So there the case stands. Recalling that Mr. Bryan got his brother Charles on the Davis ticket after having striven valiantly for the nomination of Mr. McAdoo, it is a pity that he is not now available for a contribution to this interesting chap- ter which relates how McAdoo picked Hylan, and how he himself was by the O'Brien-Hylan-Hearst route be- sought for aid for the cause that he so stoutly opposed throughout the long contest. This byplay of revelation may not have any effect on the voting in New York, but it contributes somewhat to the public understanding of the great melodrama of Madison Square Garden. ST TR OGN The rapidity with which people from all points of the map can as- semble and disperse was one of the most impressive reminders conveyed by the recent demonstration in Wash- tngton. Almost everything that hap- pens turns out to be some kind of an ad for Henry Ford. A certaln sense of discouragement abroad is inevitable when it is real- ized that no situation in European af- fairs has proved sufficient to turn the attention of this country away from base ball and beauty contests. e e When a man advertises that he has money to give away he Immediately betrays the fact that he has lived a secluded life and does not know a musical comedy producer e Airplane transportation is being de- veloped with a rapidity that may. en able the railroads to demand a divi- sion of the responsibility for the high cost of distribution to the Democrats. Mr. Oldfield, there- fore, is following a wise course when he stresses, the need of rebuilding the Democratic national organization there. The Democrats, however, will have a hard row to plow in the West, where the party organization has been al- lowed to dwindle, and where the crops this year give wonderful promise. In his formal announcement of his itin- erary the Democratic chairman says he has been told the farmers are “dis- gusted with the administration, with its protective tariff, which protects only the rich; with its unfulfilled promises of agricultural and general prosperity; with its false claim of economy and its flat declaration to the farmers to work out their own salva- tion. A Democratic Congress would correct these evils.” But other re- ports from the West differ greatly from these prognostications full of gloom for the Republicans. The farm- er, instead of being resentful of the protective tariff, is reported to be reap- ing the benefit at last from this sys- tem of taxation. His products are protected, while nearly everything he has to buy, except clothes, is on the free list, as in the case of harness and agricultural impiements. The implication of Mr. Oldfield's statement is that if a Democratic Con- gress is elected next vear it will pro- ceed by legislative action to solve the farmers’ problem. This is a rash statement for any one to make. The agricultural problem was acute for several vears in the post-war depres. sion, but it is not recalled that any of the Democratic statesmen came promi- nently forward with a cure for the farmers’ ills. Such legislation as has been enacted to improve credit facili- ties, protect the farmers’ produce, etc., in recent years has been of Republican origin. Mr. Oldfield complains that the tarmer has been left to work out his own salvation. In a large measure the farmer has done just that thing. As he continues to help himself, so will his state improve. Direct Govern ment ald to any interest or group of interests would only be followed by demands for similar aid from other interests and groups in times of stress, and would mark a dangerous precedent. ———————— No greater tribute could have been paid the “Unknown Soldier” than the selection of & burial site as near him as possible for the remains of that eloquent advocate of peace, Col. Wil liam Jennings Bryan. R It is hoped that the “relations of | nations” will become more and more simplified as the expert accountants resolve them clearly into statements of financial relations. — rwtee ——— Details of 1924. Little by little the trie story of the.| Democratic convention of 1924 is being revealed. The world knows the main facts about it, but there are many sidelights and connectives concerning the great family row that are yet to be disclosed. The latest to come to public knowledge is particularly in- teresting. Mayor Hylan of New York is a can: didate for primary nomination for a third term. He is opposed by Tam- many and likewise by Gov. Smith. The other day one of the Tammany coleaders declared that the mayor had been disloyal to Gov. Smith in the presidential convention. So the mayor.* who never misses an opportunity or an occasion to gain the public ear, im- mediately comes back with a formal The 1l success of the K. K. K. in employing praver to influence the dis- tribution of rainfall is likely to have a discouraging effect on the farmer membership. ———— Americans are said to be unpopular in Paris. Those who started this rumor present one of the most strik- ing examples on record of poor sales- manship. £ Control of the rubber market en- ables England to remind Uncle Sam that there are more ways of command- ing revenue than by imposing a tax on tea. s The fact that miners and operators take time off to hold a strike debate | is one of the things that interfere with the coal consumer’s Summer vaca- tion. SCTEE NS It is stoutly denied that the monkey is the ancestor of man. There is less confidence in asserting that the hand organ is the father of modern music. ————. Movie stars reported kidnaped have never disappeared from home or studio. But the kidnapers apparently are doomed to oblivion forever ———— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON Katydid. Oh, Katydid, your joyous song Now proves delightful to the throng. Your melody awakes a thrill Expectant of autumnal chill, Which will permit us to admire More ample manners of attire. They say, instead of bow and string, You scrape your hind leg on a wing And so produce the music strange Which warns us that the style must change. A warmer wrapping you foretell For beaux and for the legs, as well. No Picturesqueness. “Do you think we will ever see an- other war?” “No,” answered Senator Sorghum. “If there should be another war an- nihilation will be -~ swift and sudden that we innocent bystanders won't even have time to marvel at the ex- hibition.” Parisian Drama. They're going to reform the stage In Paris, we are told, And stop the plays which are the rage Because they are so bold. In curious ways our customs move. Swift is the change in style. Plain Decency at last may prove A Novelty worth while. Jud Tunkins says science and re- ligion don’t seem to start any serious argument ‘between folks that really know much about either. An Acquired Taste. “What is your favorite beverage”" “Water,” answered Uncle Bill Bot- tletop. “Everything I've tasted has been so diluted that T have got around to a positive fondness for the piain, unflavored product of the bubbling spring. As We Were. A Klamor has subsided. The Krowds are Kleared away. No Kohorts have Kollided And everything's O. K. “A man dat minds his own busi- statement which writes history of this heretofore undisclosed nature. He ness,” said Uncle Eben, “has de ad- great number of members of the|says that so far from being disloyal | vantage of not hearin’ a lot of bad order without masks. It may be the | to Gov. Smith he, In fact, out of |news dat don't concern him." A STAR, WASHINGTO! | THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Go to the ant, thou sluggard—and learn how to be a regular sluggard! In considering instincts in his “The Origin of Species” Charles Darwin (much mentioned at the recent so- called ‘“evolution trial”) tells some things about the slave-making instinct of certain ants. As this is the most interesting sec- tion T have been able to find in this Dbook, T pass it on here. in the belief that others will enjoy reading about the laziest creature in the world. Darwin was an incomparable ob. was_willing to spend time watching ants and , in order to prove some- thing that he was anxious to prove Perhaps if vou and I were as inter- ested In proving our point, we, too, might be naturalists. “We shall, perhaps, best under- stand how instincts in a_ state of nature have become modified by sele tlon by considering a few cases,” say Darwin. I will select only three, namely, the instinct which leads the cuckoo to lay her eggs in other bird's nest: the slave-making instinct of certain ants and the cell-making power of the hive-bec. These two latter instincts have generally and justly been ranked by naturalists as the most wonderful of all known in- stincte." This slave-making instinct, he con- tinues, was discovered by Pierre Huber in a tribe of ants scientifically labeled Formica rufescens. They are the original aristocrats “This ant is absolutely dependent on its slaves,” writes Darwin. *Without their ald the species would become extinct in a single year." Think of that! The lazy beggars “The males and fertile females do no work of any kind, and the workers or sterile females, though most ener- getic and courageous in capturing slaves, do no other work.” * % ow ok the problem of how to get along with out work, something that thousands of men have worked at, lo, these thousands of years. These ants, Darwin continues, are or of feeding their own larvae. If “moving time" comes around, the old style, the slaves select the new home, tand actually carry thelr masters in their jaws to it. The masters are too darn lazy even move. “So utterly helpless masters,” Darwin says, “that when Huber shut up 30 of them with out a slave, but with plenty of food which they like best, and with their own larvae and pupae to stimulate them to work, they did nothing. “They could not even feed them- selves, and many perished of hunger. Huber then introduced a single slave, and she Instantly set to work, fed and saved the survivors; made some cells and tended the larvae, and put all to rights.” Our_author points out that this same Huber, a most observing gentle- man, indeed, sanguinea, another specles of slave. maker. Darwin himself made observations on these bloody ants, as their name labels them. He opened fourteen nests, and found a few slaves in all. Males and fertile females of this species of ant slave are never observed {n the homes of the slave-makers, but only the sterile females. The others live in communities of their own. The principal use of these slaves seems to be to hunt for aphids, (plant lice) which are the “cows” of the ants, being milked ,for their secretions. Darwin tells of a spectacle he saw, as follows: “One day I fortunately witnessed a migration of Formica sanguina from one nest to another, and it was a most_interesting spectacle to behold the masters carefully carrying their slaves In their jaws instead of being carried by them, as is the cse of F. escens. nother day to are the my attention was Is it Italian propaganda looking to black-shirted dictatorship which will take over the White House and domi- nate all departments, together with Congress? What has Fascismo to do with America? Is that what it means when the news comes that Bastianini, ties and secretary for foreign coun- tries of the Fascist organization, is coming to “study the activity of the Fascist organizations in the United States?” That direful news follows close on the heels of the deflant speech of Senator Cippico of Italy at the political conference in session at | Williamstown, Mass., warning the | world, especially the United States, lof the consequences of refusing ad- mission to an unlimited surplus of Italian emigrants who will not accept citizenship obligations, but will mere- Iy work for wealth while retaining | allegiance to Italy! Cippico, last week; Bastianini this week; organized Fas- clsti mext! And Gen. Pershing 2,000 miles awa ko x Fascist organizations in our very midst? We knew we had the Chinese “tongs,” but they only fight each other, without menacing the United States Government. We have the Reds, who enthuge over Sovietism and look for “the day"” when this Govern- ment and all other governments will be wiped out, to make room for the proletariat and Russia. We have re- cently seen on Pennsylvania avenue, marching by the empty White House, a million or less white-shirted K. K. K. but they did not hurt the ‘White House guards. If now we are to be invaded by organized Fascisti, all dressed up in black shirts, will they have any place to go in Amer- ica? Will they paint the White House the same color as their shirts— en camouflage? It was the same tint as the nightshirts of the marchers last Saturday. Is the White House to be a camelopard and change its colors week by week? Why this in- vasion of Fascisti? * Kok A visit of inquiry to the Italian em- bassy resulted in a very enlightening interview with its secretary. Almost his first statement was that Senator Cippico was greatly distressed because certain reporters, writing from Wil- llamstown, had printed reports of things he never had said. The Sena- tor denles that Italy has ever had any intention to force nations to receive unwelcome immigrants. Ttaly has great land areas in Tripolitania, just acroes the Mediterranean, in Africa, three times as great as Texas, with only 5,000 native inhabitants. It is not imperialistic for Italy to colonize Tripolitania, already under her sov- ereignty. That, explains the diplo- matic secretary of the embassy, is what Senator Cippico really intended to say. Besides, the Italians in Amer- ica are mostly American citizens and are loyal Americans. There such thing as “‘dual citizenship. ok K % What will Fascisti do to American institutions when they perfect their Bastianinian organizations here? The secretary of the embassy pleasantly explained that the Fascisti clubs in America are.on the same status as that of an American Republican or Democratic club in Rome or Paris would be. They whatever to American institutions. No “Italian-American”—no natural- ized American of Italisn blood—is aligible to be a member. There are These ants. evidently, have solved | incapable of making their own nests | apartment being found to be outof-| discovered Formica | member of the Itallan House of Depu- | have no reference’ struck by about a score of slave- makers hunting the sime spot, and evidently not in search of food: they approached and were vigorously re- pulsed by an independent community of the slave specles; sometimes as many as three of these ants clinging to the legs of the slave-making F. anguinea. The latter ruthlessly killed their small opponents and carried their dead bodies as food to their nest, 20 vards distant: but they were pre- vented from getting any pupae to rear as slaves 1 then dug up a small parcel of pupae from another nest, and put them down on a bare spot near the place of combat: they were eagerly seized and carried off by the tyrant o perhaps fancied that, after all. they had been victorious in their late combat.”, ok ok Swiss ants get a great deal more out of their slaves than Lngish ants, Darwin concludes. He says: “Let it be observed what a cor trast the instinctive habits of . sanguinea present with those of the continental F. rufescens. The latter does not build its own nest, does not determine its own migrations, does not collect food for itself or its young, und cannot even feed itself: it is absolutely dependent on f{ts numerous slaves, “Formica sanguinea, hand, possesses on the other much fewer slaves; * ¢ % the masters determine when and where a new nest shall be formed, and when they migrate, the masters carry the ves. Both in Switzerland and England the slaves seem - to have the lusive care of the larvae, and the masters alone go on slave-making expeditions. “In Switzerland the slaves and | masters work together, making and inging materials for the nest; both, b chiefly the slaves, tewd and milk, as it may be called, their aphides and thus both collect food. In Eng- land the masters alone usually leave the nest to collect building materials and food for themselves, their slaves and larvae. So that the masters in this country receive much less serv- ice from their slaves than they do in Switzerland “By what steps the instinct of F. sanguinea originated I will.not pre- tend to conjecture,” our author con- tinues, fmmediately on going on to do so. “But as ants which are not slave-makers will, as 1 have seen, carry off the pupae of other species, if scattered near their nests, it is possible that such pupae originally stored as food might become de- veloped: and the foreign ants thus unintentionally reared would then follow their proper instincts, and do what work they could.” Imagine the delighted wonder of the first slave-mukers. “Hot dog!” shouted Henry VIII king of the Ruf- fians. “Look at these babies cook- ing our meals! Thanks, old chaps, you have selected good jobs for your- gelf” But to return to Darwin “If their presence proved useful to the species which had seized them— if it were more advantageous to this specles to capture workers than to procreate them—the habit of collecting pupae, originally for food, might by natural selection be strengthened and rendered permanent for the very different purpose of raising slaves. Vhen the inctinct was once ac- quired, if carried out to a much less extent even than our British F. san- guinea, which, as we have seen, is less aided by its slaves than the same specles in Switzerland, natural selection might Increase and modify the Instinct—always supposing each modification to be of use to the species—until an ant was formed as abjectly dependent on its slaves as is the Formica rufescens.’ Well, it might—but I find it pretty hard to imagine that board meeting of ants wherein it was decided to be more advantageous to the species to capture workers than to procreate them' BACKGROUND OF EVENT BY PAUL V. COLLINS. many TItalians residing in America who are still interested in the wel- fare of the mother country, and so they form clubs {o discuss political and social movements in Italy. Pos- sibly, either as organizations or as in- dividuals, they may supply financial support to the party in Italy to whose principles they subscribe. They are | wholly Italian in purpose. " * %ok % Italy had been ruled for nearly 2,000 years by alien conquerors, until, half a century ago, Garibaldi, with his little army of 1,000 men, crossed the Rubicon and conquered Rome, creat- ing a United Italy. At that time the several provinces had no unity, and the people no national consciousness, nor national patriotism. Years after Garibaldi had given political unity to the nation, with a parliamentary gov- {ernment, the people still felt no in- terest in statecraft. Members of Par- liament, representing provinces of hundreds of thousands of votes, were elected with less than 100 votes in the ballot boxes. ok ok The World War was a greater awakening than the Garibaldi revo- Jution. For the first time in the Christian era there was an army of ‘all Italy.” The national soul ‘took life. Great visions began to inspire working men and shop keepers. Agi- tators from Russia took advantage of the fnexperience of the Italian cit- izens and stirred up the proletariat with the myths of bolshevism. Wage earners took possession of all facto- ries and public works. The throne was in danger; anarchy threatened. The nobility who had ruled were im- potent. But there were 5,000,000 young Itallans in the army who had breath- led the breath of life and become liv- ing Italian citizens, with burning pa- triotic impulses. There was one pri- vate soldier who had fought in the trenches for Italy, been wounded by a shell and invalided back to his | newspaper, of which he was editor. It was a soclalistic paper—in the better sense of sociology rather than soclalism. Editor Mussolini rallied his | millions_of “buddies” with a call to duty. The strikes were called off, the bolsheviki were warned and Mus- solini led 50,000 black-ghirted veter- ans into Rome, where, with their backing, he demanded of King Hum- bert that he be made premier and dictator of United Italy. He swore allegiance to the throne. It was, for the King, fascismo or bolshevism, and his majesty gave all power into the hands of the private soldier- editor. x ok w Mussolini at once gave the country a program which became the creed and constitution of . fascismo. It covers “I14 points,” very different from those of original fame. Briefly summarized, thev are: Pro- vision for a national assembly and immediate radical transfer of the po- ltical and economic basis of com- munity life. The Italian Republic proclaimed, with decentralization of power and autonomous administra- tion of reglons and communes, by means of their own legislative or- gans. (State rights) Sovereignty of the people to be exercised through universal suffrage of both sexes. Re- served to the people are the initiative, referendum and veto. Abolitlon of the political police and of the Senate and all titles of nobility and knight- o PLAYGROUNDS As Investments. By Howard S. Braucher, otary, and Recreati A A{m:'l:{fl:n“n Amerleca. i A common cry is heard in the land. It is, “Reduce taxes And, for the most part, a worthy plea it {s. Yet instances are on record where the movement for tax reduction has retarded the legitimate growth of cities and has actually deprived the people of civic assets necessary to their health, comfort and happiness. Despite the fact that playgrounds, swimming pools, athletic flelds and such recreation facilities are known to reduce fatal accidents to children, diminish delinquency, and promote the public welfare, there are cases on record of cities where an unfortunate tax reduction campaign has prevented or delayed the securing of even these benefits. Playgrounds Investment. No one will defend city expenditures that represent waste. On the other hand, farseeing citizens have only ap- proval for expenditures that mean economy in the long run. In this lat- ter class are investments rationally made for recreation facilities and leadership. Should a playground save the life of one boy or girl in a year’s time it would be worth all it cost, particu- larly if it were your child or mine. Should wholesome play, under a wise leader, guide the steps of some lad in the right path and save him from wrong-doing, it would be worth much to the child, to his parents «nd to the community. Earl J. Reeder, engineer of the National Safety Geuncil, believes that most of the little lives crushed out on the pavements of this country within the last five vears could have been saved had there been adequate play ground facilities in our cities. The testimoniul to the character building power of the playground is universal. Opportunities Necessary. The provision of wholesome play opportunities is now recognized as a proper and necessary municipal func- tion. It is a pleasant function, how- ever, and one the exercise of which contributes to the ctiy's pride and prosperity. “Given two communities offering about the same in wages and housing conditions,” says Judge Tan- kersley of Jowa, “the prospective resi- dent will choose the one which prom- ises him and his family the most chances for a good time. Children’s playgrounds attract him. Athletic leagues, community concerts and gings, dramatics and other forms of self-expression which a public recrea- tion system offers influence both pros- pective dwellers and prospective in- dustries in favor of a communit That cities are recognizing this is shown in the increse of city advertis- ing describing recreational opportuni- ties. The soul of a city speaks not only through busy factories, flourishing commerce and crowded churches, but also in the happy, contented play of its people. young and old. And that city which is not wisely providing for the leisure of its citizens is rob- bing little children and adults of their civic birthright and cheating its own larger prosperity. The Third Degree. Every day or two, seemingly, news- pepers carry stories relating how some detectives or police official or other officer whose duty it is to bring lawbreakers to justice practices the well known “third degree” in his effort to secure confessions which will ald In conviction of those belleved to be guilty. Ope would assume these offi cers are. so détermined to land the guilty in jail they would be indifferent how they accomplish their purpose were it not for the fact that author! than which there is none higher ha decreed that indulging in “third de gree” work is a reversible act in any court in the land. This is an expres- sion of the United States Supreme Court, and if it is not known to peace officers, it certainly should be. If they know the law and yet violate it, does it not justify the suspicion that the peace officer is acting not at all in the interest of the law, but in the interest of the criminal? There was no equivo- cation in the pronouncement of the Supreme Court. The basis for revers. ing a conviction was solely the inflic- tion of the “third degree” by Wash- ington police. In Los Angeles the other day detec tives were accused of having maltreat- ed prisoners they presumably were trying to convict. The attorneys of the accused knew the law, and were not slow in pleading its interpretation by the Supreme Court in protecting the rights, under the law, of their clients. It would seem that such ignorance of the law is inexcusable, but the desire to go any length prom- ising a_conviction seems absolutely irresistible to some officers. There is every necessity to secure the convic- tion and incarceration of crooks and criminals. But pursuing a mistaken and unlawful course, which insures not a final conviction, but enables the criminal to escape, is just too silly to be excused.—Houston Chronicle. e The Common Fault. From the Baltimore Sun. Once there was a man who went through his desk and knew why he had saved all the papers he found there. hood; also all obligatory conscription for military duty in times of peace. Liberty of opinion and conscience, of religion,” of association and of the press. An_ educational system both general and professional, open to all. Dissolution of trading corporations and suppression of all speculation, all banks and exchanges. A census and taxation of private wealth and con- fiscation of unproductive revenues. Prohibition of labor of children under 16 years. The 8-hour day. Reorgani- zation of co-operative business, with equal profit-sharing. Secret diplomacy to be succeeded by open agreements, openly arrived at.” International poli- cies open to and inspired by the solid- arity of the people and their independ- ence in a confederation of States. -k ox % Many, though not all, of these principles might appear as echoes of American platforms, especially of the Roosevelt Progressives. It is claimed that, in practice, not all of these ideals have yet been attained. Political opponents sneer at the ‘immature youths” who support Mussolini—the strong man. Who but such as he could have brought order out of such anarchy, peace out of threatened rev- olution, ‘safety to a tottering throne? * % X ¥ Orlando has no following of the masses today. Giolitti, the preceding premier, is now over 80 years of age and has not the energy and initiative of dynamic Mussolini. D’Annunzio, the poet and savior of Fiume, im- bibes the soclalistic doctrine of Nietche and would recelve all his strength frr%m bolshevistic enemies of social order. The gld nobility has no support: it is “down and out.” The soldiery which saved Italy is in the saddle, to save awakened United Italy. There is not only a new Italy but a new Italian soul, with a widened horizon. The population, 42,000,000, is greater than that of France and is tncreasing as rapidly as are the Germans. Italians may spread over Tripoli- tania; there will never again be a dissevered Italy nor a subservient Itallan peasantry as before the World ‘War. L'etat, c'est Mussolini. (Copyright, 1998, by Paul ¥, Coflins.) Q. Has the national amateur champlonship golf tournament been changed from match play to medal play this year?—S. W. | A. The national amateur will be a match play this vear, as always in the case of the amateur champion- | ship. However, the limiting of the number of players who can qualify to 16 has led to some criticism to the| effect that the tournament will really | emphasize the importance of meds play, which governs the qualifying round. Q. If a man gives a note to an- other man, who indorses and dis- counts it at his bank, which one of the two is netified when the note is due?—M. G. N. A. The maker of the note is the one notified and the one in whose favor it is drawn does not hear| from it again unless the maker fails to pay it when due, or unless the maker wishes merely to make a cur- | tail and therefore must call upon| the other for another indorsement. Q. How many electric lights are| there on the “Great White Way" on Broadway?—V. G. E. | A. The number of lights in the electric signs that comprise the Great White Way is not a matter of record, but engineers have estimated the aggregate candlepower of the lights at 25 million. Q. 1= Palestine as fertile as it was in the days of Christ?—] A. Reports say not. Much of the land needs fertilizing and scientific planting. This is now being accom- | plished for the most part with Amer- ican money. | Q. ment e T A. It made its appearance in Eng-| land about 100 y ago. Gladstone | said that “The labor question may be sald to have come into public view simultaneously with the repeal of the combination laws.” Q. How tall were the Prussian Guards in the days of the former Kaiser7—A. T. F. A In their stockings, these guards stood 7 feet s the labor move- in politics How long ha been a factor Q. Did Lord Byron actually swim ithe Hellespont?—C. E. §. i A. Byron swam the channel of the Dardenelles, or ancient Helles- | pont, probably at its narrowest point There is a rapid current in the channel, and Byron swam it in 1 hour and 10 minutes, the distance | being about 1 mile. Q. When Jefferson Davis' body lay in state in the city Hall, New Orleans, how many people passed the casket ?—V. T. A. It is estimated that over 50,000 passed through the hall. Q. Did_the Confederacy have a seal?—S. T. C. A. A seal was provided for by the Congress of the Confederacy in 1862. The device bore a replica of an equestrian statue of Washington, a wreath composed of cotton, corn, sugar cane, tobacco, wheat and rice, the motto “Deo Vindice,” and the words “The Confederate States of America: Twenty-second February, 1862." The seal, made of silver, was executed in England at a cost of 80 guineas. It was used but a few times. s Q. How often dam_Symphony B. R. A. This orchestra, which is gen- erally regarded as the finest sym- phony orchestra in Europe, plays about 40 times each season and then visits the European capitals. does the Amster- Orchestra play?—A. Q. Are Niagara Falls illuminated at night?—D. D. A—Niagara is illuminated by 24 searchlights, which cast 1,300,000 candlepower on the falls. * Q. I have heard that there is a special building for the study the Einstein theory. Can you tell me where it is?—] H. A. There was recently opened at {term havi: | travelers and soldier: of | Potsdam, Germany, a specially con- | ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. stein Tower, for special study of the theory of relativ Q. How many uniforms does the King of England wear?—J. R. W. A. King George has the right to 100 and wear more than military naval uniforms, Q. How many Institutjons in the United States offer training to nurses?—S. B. M. A. There are 1697 institutions accredited by State boards as nurses training schools Q. How many parts comprise the modern telephone instrument?— W. W. A. It consists of 201 parts. Q. What does the word “biscuit” mean?—H. L A. “Biscuit” is a French word which signifies “twice cooked” the been originally applied t bread for the use of baked a sec to increase its keeping expelling practically all to thin, ond time quality by moisture. Q. What in ice?— W. F. A. When ice is made by the plate system it is frozen into large plates and later sawed into blocks. An fron bolt is frozen in the ice for the pur pose of hoisting the ice out of the freezing pit. Preparatory to cutting the ice, these bolts are taken out which leaves a hole approximately 13 inches in diameter. H also caused by air being inc rated in the ice Q causes holes Where way ?—K. W. E. A. The Harding highwas morial to the late Preside definitely laid out from W to Denver and plans are being o to push this road throu Franeisco. is Q. Please give me the motto, and its translation, of the royal house of € voy.—E. F. A. The motto of the roj Savoy consists of the letters F. E. R T. The meaning is still a myster There have been a number of i tations, one of the most generally a cepted being that the letters represent tin “Foedere et religlone te meaning “By bond faith held.” 1 house of Q. What is the origl of the Preakn E. | A. The name “Preakness. | plied to the $50,000 stake run at the Pimlico Spring meeting. is so-called | after the horse that won the first Dinner Part stake, afterward known as the Dixie stake, at Pim lico in 1870. This was the most famous racing event of the time The Preakness stake was fir at_Pimlico in 1$73 and was w John F. Chamberlin’s “Survivor Q. Is the d meaning apything imported int the United States upon which there is no tax?—I. T. A A. The value of the free list impor tations is greater than the value of dutiable goods. Certain chemi coal tar products. drugs, undres: furs, hides, iron ore, leather—in fac | articles generally ‘in’ the fo | materials are admitted to the coun free of duty. The number of taxable | articles, however, greatly exceeds those in the free list Q. What are shadoofs, and what are they used for’—C. D. W. A. A shadoof is a waterraising de- vice consisting of a long pole pivoted near one end and having its shorter end weighted. A bucket is hung to its longer end, thus vperating on the principle of a well sweep. Shadeofs are used on the Nile and elsewhere in the East, especially for irrigation | (Did you ever e a letter to Frederic J. Haskin? You can ask him any question of fact and get the an swer in a personal letter. Here is \a great educational idea introduced into the lives of the most intelligent | peopte in the worli—American news | paper readers. It is a part of tha best purpose of a newspaper—ser | There is no charge ezcept 2 cents in | stamps for return postage. Address | Frederic J. Haskin, director, The Star Information Bureau, 2ist and structed tower, known as the Ein- streets morthwest, Washington, D.C How many really understand what a million dollars represents? This question is raised in connection with the attempt of Leopold Schepp, § years old, of New York to get advice frorh should be distributed. Mr. Schepp has already engaged in “easing the hearts of those caught between the millstones of life.” He wants to continue and enlarge the work with his millions. The idea of advertising himself “as a fount of easy money” is condemned by the Chattancoga Times as a mis take on the part of the merchant, but the Times, looking upon his purpose as one which attains the “joy of giving,” remarks: “His determination to use his wealth for human better. ment while he vet lives is worthy of praise and of emulation by others of great wealth. It is strange that so many people of large or smaller means, who give money to charity, religion, education, science and gen- eral human betterment, do not do so while they may have the personal satisfaction of such bestowals instead of withholding the gifts until they are dead.” A further suggestion that “the prosy charities of everyday commu- nity life should in no wise be dimmed nor lost sight of in contemplation of the greater luster of spectacular foun- dations” is made by the Rochester Times-Union, which continues: “We have nothing but praise for the gen- erous impulses of our American men of wealth, which are leading them into unusual forms of public benefi- cence. Let each do as he is disposed to do in his heart. Each man's philan- thropy is needed and will meet the need for which it is designed.” * * % x The impulse involved recalls to the Grand Rapids Herald a universal hu- man trait. “In_childhood’s happy fancy,” the Herald remarks, “‘we plan ‘what we'd do if we had a million dol- lars” And we never outgrow that planning. Much of the youngster planning is selfish. He’d buy a steam vacht, five or six big motor cars, etc. But that isn't all. Usually he plans also that he'd get a new pair of crutches, or a wheel chair for the lame boy down the street, and build a new house for poor: Mrs. So-and-So who lives in a shack. In the crowds that surged around the Schepp home, it is safe to guess that there was a fair share who were just human beings prepared to do the perfectly normal thing of offering advice and satisfy- lngl childish longing.” 'ublic interest in Mr. Schepp's plan to combine in a symposium the prac- ticable plans that are offered is pre- dicted by the Schenectady Gazette, which also remarks: “Meanwhile the millionaire is learning that it is far from simple to devise means of get- ting rid of vast sums in a beneficial manner.” The theory that most per- sons would be “stuck” if they at- tempted the distrihution is put for- ward by the Springfield, Mass.. Union, Which contends that “the plain fact is that a million dollars is more money than the averageé person can imagine, and in relation to dollars he uses the word “millions” easily, but has no real conception of its meaning.” The the public as to how his wealth | How Many Understand What A Million Dollars Means? | difficulties involved cause the Co bia Missourian also to believe tha ng away millions is not an easy but the Columbia paper avers “if he is successful—and the world will hope-he is—a new era in the passing of fortunes may be & ated.”” A certain gentlemam of fictior named Brewster is recalled by the | Parkersburg News, which advocates the publication of a new volume en titled“Leopold Schepp's Mlilions | The News, however, feels that “out of the thousands of {deas given grat { to Mr. Schepp there have been few of any worthiness.” | * ¥ x ¥ | Comment upon suggestions or possi | ble suggestions covers a wide range | Referring to the fact that Mr. Schepp has dispensed $3,500,000 gifts and allotments for pensions and has created a $2,500,000 foundation for the assistance of deserving boys the Buffalo News asks: “How can he improve upon the measures he alread has adopted? Why not go on w them?” “He will have to settle his problem for himself or let the Govern ment do it for him ultimately in th form of inheritance taxes,” the Lowe! Leader says. “In the end he wi spend the greater part of his millions in the manner that strikes his own fancy, and we are willing to rely on his judgment,” the Burlington, Towa Gazette predicts: “If he would put his vast fortune: to work for human ity. there are competent and disinter ested advisers who will, for the ask ing, indicate to him some field that lies fallow,” adds the Portland Ore gonian. “We would be glad to relieve & of all his troubles and make regt monthly reports as to what we were doing with the cash,” suggests the Harrisburg Telegraph. *Well, Andy Jackson said the way to resume is to resume, and we'll say the way to give it away is to give it away,” declares the Syracuse Herald. ‘“Among the men who could tell Mr. Schepp a thing two are John D. Rockefeller. sr George Eastman, James B. Duke George F. Baker, and the managers of the Carnegie Corporation,” states the Pittsburgh Sun. ‘‘He may expect to spend the rest of his life trying to dodge those who would help him, concludes the Omaha World-Herald. * ¥ % % “We have positively no suggestion to offer.” are the words of the Louls ville Herald, while others propose “Give crippled children and sick chil dren a fair chance in the world" (Albany News). “Give help to urban voung men and young women to get themselves into fields of life endeavor to which they are adapted” (Newark News). “Consult some of our gentle man farmers” (St. Louis Post-Dis- patch). ‘“Assist a hospital near his home for invalids, the aged, crippled children or unfortunate victims of dis- ease” (Providence Bulletin). “Make it a foundation for homes, a sort of mothers’ foundation” (Springfield Ohio, News). “Fourid a home for re- tired dray horses” (Fresno Bee). His foundation for boys “seems to offer unlimited golllbilltln” (Oklahoma City Daily Oklahoman). already