Evening Star Newspaper, August 8, 1925, Page 6

R THE. EVENING STAR ‘With Sunday Morning Edition. county. Clarence Darrow, Dr. John WASHINGTON, D. ‘C SATURDAY. THEODORE W. NOYES. The Evening Star Newspaper Company 11th St. !"‘&".P.en!:’ngml;ul Ave. Buropean Office: 16 Regent St.. London. England. The Evening Star. with the Sune edition, is delivered by carriers withi the city at 60 cents per month: daily only. 46 cents ver month: Sunday oniy. 20 ce per month. Orders may be sent by mail or phone Main 5000. Collection is made by carrier at the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advahce. Maryland and Virginia. 1y and Sunds: only ... All Other States. Daily and Sunday $10.00: 1 mo Daily only $7.00° 1 mo. Sunday only $3.00. 1 mo. Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press 1s exclusively entitled fo the uee for republication of all news dis- patches credited to it or not otherwise cred: "ted in this paper and also the local news published herein #f special dispat ANl richts of pablication nes herein are also reserved. Good Order Should Prevail. Washington should be—probably will be—on its good behavior today in the presence of a multitude of mem- bers of an organization that cham- pions the cause of good citizenship and obedience to the law. That or- ganization, many thousands strong, is marching in a modified regalia for the demonstration of its strength and the reavowal of its principles. Tt behooves all citizens who are not members of the order, even those who are col- lectively objects of its antagonism. to abstain from any outward manifesta- tion_of hostility. The fact that the Ku Kiux Klan has hoth by imitation of an earlier organi zation and by modern extension of purposes engaged in proscription of certain races and religions should not lead to any show of antagonism to- day. The objects of this body's col- lective disapproval will not be harmed in person or interests or standing as cltizens by the assemblage and demon- stration. The general sentiment of the country disapproves of these racial and religious proscriptions of the erst- while hooded order, and no doubt if the Klan survives the proc of un- masking, which is being started here today in this procession, it will recog- nize this public feeling as time passes and moderate, if not abandon, these prejudices and concentrate its infl ence upon the maintenance of a high standard of good citizenship, regard- less of creed or race. Strict commands have been given to the members of the organization to preserve the most perfect order during the demonstration, to abstain from any attention to remarks in derogation of the purposes of the Klan and to afford a good example to all for lawful conduct. The same course should be pursued by those who witness the parade. In these circumstances there is no occasion for alarm on the score of possible disturbance. The Klan, if it stands for anything worthy, stands tor order. Washington, the center of the Nation, should prove its own re- spect for law by following the example of the marchers and refraining from any inciting actions. S George Gray. George Gray of Delaware. whose death occurred yesterday at Wilming- ton at the age of eizhty-five, was one of the notable Americans. As Senator, as jurist, as member of international commissions, as arbitrator in indus- trial disputes, he measured to the highest standard. He' was a man of marked intellectual attainments, a speaker of force and convincing power, though never an orator in the sense of rhetorical efflorescence. He was a deep student of affairs, always going thoroughly into every question which he approached for discussion or action. In the course of the fourteen years of his service in the Senate he was en- gaged in many notable debates. As « Democrat he found himself in 1896 a1 the parting of the ways on the eeonomic issue and cast his lot with the gold-standard wing of his party, though later he returned to his al- legiance. But he was never a partisan in the sense of committing himself to all party issues. In his service at Paris as member of the peace conference in 1898 he recognized that a momentous change had come in national affairs Dy the chance of the war. He was not narrowed by inhibitions of political afliations. Repeatedly he was sum- moned to serve on commissions to “_fitle industrial questions, for his indicial spirit, his capacity for finding the ultimate equity of any question, rendered him especially useful. He was altogether one of the most valu- hie citizens of this country during a iong perfod of constructive statesman- <hip and judicial service. ———— - Patient auditors who pay the price per ton are beginning to wish the par ticipants in the coal strike conference would rehearse a new line of dialogue. S, The Tennessee Law Attacked. Opponents of the anti-evolution law of Tennessee have taken the offensive. They charge that the enforcement of the law prevents the proper education ¢ the children in the modern sciences. "o tesk its constitutionality, a petition for a restraining order, preventing the State officials from enforcing the anti- avolution law, has been filed in the Federal Court at Knoxville. ‘The case is in contrast with ~harging John T. Scopes, the young achool teacher who was recently tried in the State court at Dayton, Tenn., and found guilty of violating the law. In the Scopes case the teaching of evolution was attacked. In the new case the failure to teach the theory of evolution as an important link in the modern sciences is assailed. Furthermore, the new case, which was filed by attorneys for J. R. Wilson ot Rhea Springs, a taxpayer, father of five children who attend the public schools, gives promise of more speed- ily bringing the evolution question to the Supreme Court of the United States for determination. “The defend- ants named in thé case are Gov. Aus- tin Peay, Frank M. Thompson, attor- nev general for the State, and A. T. Stewart, prosecuting attorney for the that B . .August 8, 1925 Editor McElwee of Tennessee and Bainbridge Colby of New York are the attorneys signing the petition. It is claimed by the petiitoners that the anti-evolution law of Tennessee | violates both the Federal and State constitutions. In view of the fact that the threat has been made in some quarters to force through Congress at its next session a Federal law con- forming to_ the Tennessee law, the early deterfination of the constitu- tionality of the statute to prohibit the teaching of the theory of evolution may be of value. The first amendment to the Constitution say! ‘Congress shall make no law respecting the establish- ment of religion, or prohibiting the tree exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press,” ete. Freedom of speech and of religious worship are. guaranteed the people throughout the country, in Federal and State constitutions. The oppo- nents of the antl-evolution law main- tain that it seeks to prevent such free- dom and to force upon the people a religious belief. e The Traffic Boulevard System. Observations conducted Rlong Wash- ington's new boulevard highways show that only about 50 per cent of the rentorists are obeying the ‘‘stop” signs printed prominently on inter- secting streets. This is an astonish- ingly low percentage, and not one that Washingtonians should be proud to acknowledge as their contribution to better traffic conditions. On account of the newness of the regulation there are undoubtedly many of the delinquents wito violate the law unconsciously. Although the igns are painted in large letters they are not readily visible if a driver is behind a line of cars or while driving at night under Washington's deplora- ble street-lighting system. The opera- tor of this class, however, will soon fall into step when he becomes thor- oughly accustomed to recognizing the boulevard stop streets as he ap- proaches them. The other class, notorious for vio- lating every traffic regulation dnd for ignoring signs and signals of all kinds, is evidently making no exception in favor of the new boulevard stop high- ways. Drivers of this type will go along their merry way until misfor- tune overtakes them, which it certain- ly will if they try to crowd through fast boulevard traffic. 1f they do not land in jail on reckless driving con- victions they will get bumped good and hard by cars traveling at thirty miles an hour and will be able to re- | pent at leisure in a hospital. The thing that should be clearly un- {derstood in connection with streets of this type is that they are essentially fast-traffic highways with the right of way over all cross travel. This right of way is not to be confused with the right of way of pedestrians at cross walks or the customary right-hand right of way. It might be called a sort of de luxe right of way, because all cross travel is compelled to stop and must not start up again until the intersection can be traversed with no interference to boulevard travel. In other words, the mere stopping of a car is not enough if the driver starts up again with cars approaching him on the boulevard street. The stopped car must stay stopped. It must not | move again until it can be driven across the highway without causing delay to those having the tight of way. This fact will be brought home to the doubters when the higher speed limit goes into effect. 1f the new speed is made thirty miles an hour, which is the generally accepted figure, it can easily be seen that there will be some heavy crashes if cross-street travel does not keep out of the way. With | the present right-hand right of way there is a good deal of “road hogging,” and it is generally the more daring driver who succeeds in getting it, but with the boulevard streets the daring driver, if he tries the same tactics, will find that his car is not made of cast iron and is unable to withstand a thirty-mile-an-hour broadside. The new limit of thirty miles an hour will mean thirty miles an hour at intersections as well as the middle of the block. That is why the “stop™ signs have been painted. And that is why a clear understanding of the whys and wherefors of the system is essential, When a motorist approaches a boulevard highway that is deserted his stop need be but momentary. If, on the contrary, there is travel on the fast street he may have to wait at the intersection as much as five minutes before he is able to get through. Boulevard streets are the progressive method of speeding up traffic, and although there are some who may feel impatience at seeing their brother motorists flash by, their feeling will be reversed when they themselves are driving on a boulevard and are able to enjoy a quick and safe trip from the suburbs to downtown Washington. ——mae———— Such has become the prosperity of Wilhelm Hohenzollern that persons who once shouted “Hang the ex- Kaiser” may soon be grateful if they canf secure his influence in negotiating a loan. i e The King of England has been wel- comed in every portion of the globe as the world's most distinguished and affable “innocent bystander.” PR A Hard Winter Predicted. An astronomer-priest in Paris pre- dicts a hard Winter. Indeed, he fore- casts the hardest Winter the world has known for 186 years. No “oldest inhabitant” can check up on his prophecy; for it goes back more than twice the memory age of the oldest jof men. This theological meteorologist, Father Gabriel, who is attached to the Paris Observatory, bases his pre- diction upon a study of the lunar cycle. He has found that the lunar- solar eycle of 744 years is divid- ed into two phases of 372 years each and four periods of 186 years each. The weather, he declares, fol- lows these periods, and the Winter of 1925-26 will coincide with one of the latter. Going back into history and reading the works of poets and other writers, he finds that the Winter of 1740 was one of the severest known. "THE EVENING ‘This Winter, he says, will be its equal R. Neal of Rhea County, Frank B.|In intensity of cold and frequency of | storm. This 18 no “goose-bone prophecy.” Father Gabriel has a sounder basis for his pessimistic prediction than the “meld"” of slaughtered pigs, the flight of migratory birds, the state of the bark on the trees or any of the other activities or manifestations of nature in the immediate present. He goes back to history. The moon has always been regarded as more or less in- dicative, if not actually & cause, of weather phenomena on this planet. i Many “natural prophets” make their own forecasts from the lunar phases. The “‘wet moon” and “dry moon” are familiar indices. Much progress is being made in meteorology in the study of solar rather than lunar influences. The students of sun spots are discovering relation- ships between these strange voids in the photosphers of the sun and violent weather changes on the earth. No formula, however, has yet been found 1 to lead to any practical application. Father Gabriel's prediction comes at an unhappy time in this country, with the possibility of a coal strike threatening a shortage of fuel during the next cold season. A hard Winter such as that of 1740 is said to have been would in any case drain the fuel reserves, whereas if coal mining 1s suspended this Fall a bitter Winter would, however brief the strike, inflict keenest distress upon millions of peo- ple. Let it be hoped that there will be no strike, and more fervently that Father Gabriel is wrong in his com- putation. Anthracite costs a little more each Winter. The miners and the mine owners are industrious every Summer in an effort to give the consumef some- thing (o interest him. Unfortunately for the demonstration there are no orators or® rhetoricians in either camp competent to provide exceptional en- tertainment. s Eskimos are afraid of Arctic air- planes. So are a great many persons better acquainted with them. There are two classes of people who regard a highly complicated mechanical de- vice with apprehension; those who do not understand it at all and those who understand it thoroughly. S Hindenburg might be willing to hand Germany back to the Hohenzol- lerns if he could possibly do so with- out rendering himself a historic figure so pathetic that no renewed imperial- ism could adequately apologize for him 1 The position of the modern prize fighter would be more dignified if old John L. Sullivan had not quoyed- triumph modestly and faced defeat | without a fear. In his way John L. was an idealist. e Aside from any controversial in- timations, the present assemblage serves to call attention to the fact that Washington, D.. C\ is, beyond | doubt, the world's great convention city. i e Press agents have not been called on to explain why some of the smart things motion picture stars say in print are mever put into the scenarios. e s 3 glimpze of the sporting pages con- {veys the casual and irresponsible im. pression that Mr. Jack Dempsay is in training as the champion of pugilistic pacificism. ——— A Summer vacation trip usually im- plies rest and recreation. It is not so with the “Klan.” | o " SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Processioning. When anything gets on our In mirth or in depression. In every instance we're inclined To hold a big procession. mind We weary of the argument Which comes so fiercely straying. And so, to ease the discontent, ‘We set the music playing The questions queer that we must ask Claim studious devotion ‘When heads grow weary of the task, We put our feet in motion. Lining Up. “Do you remember when people used to hold torchlight processions?” “No,” answered Senator Sorghum. “The only thing I have seen anything like that was a line of people protest- ing against their electric light bills.” Ineffectualities. They are coming home from Europe, All those wise, inquiring minds That went. forth from here to cure up. Foreign ills of various Kinds. And old Europe, grimly waiting, Doesn’t seem to be aware 'Mid her sorrow and debating That those minds were ever there! Jud Tunkins says it's kind o' dis- couragin’ to see so many folks whose only hope of happiness seems to be in gettin' away from home.” k Economy. “Women should economize in dress.” ““They are doing so,” answered Miss | Cayenne. “‘One-half & pair of trousers ‘would afford ample material for a full sized skirt.” Attire. The babe new born, a Father's zaze Of earnest admiration met. Said Pop, “If Fashion holds her ways, Them's all the clothes you'll ever get. j dull book, at least in so far as the | important, | win proceeded to write 14 chapters on i tural Selection, or the Survival of the | struggle we {felt. that death .| antlpodes. {how the two armies\'met shoulder to S AR, WASHINGTON, THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. . { Charles Darwin, whose name still cuts quite a figure in the world, in his last years said: “It T had my lie to live over again. T would devote a certain amount of time each day to listening to good music."” Perhaps Darwin had been reading over again his “Orlgin of Species,” tremendously good, but tremendously average reader ix concerned. Music, he perhaps thought, would | have helped him lighten up a bit a too solid work, one naturally only in- teresting to_a naturallst. Certainly there is no need for e a selentific work being as dull as “The Origin of Species.” "The scientific spirit need not bhe un interesting, as a new series of vol- umes recently issued hus proved. In- deed, sclence, with its Investigations into things as they are, deep into the very nature of things, has the most glorious, poetic theme there i« . Darwin realized, as well he might, that it would have been a better thing for him if he had lizhtened up his life somewhat with good music. A high- class dance orchestra would have helped. It is interesting to speculate what a different “Origin of Species” we might have had it Darwin had tripped the light fantastic toe once a day during the progress of that work. Surely his words are the finest warning any man can have to beware of narrowness. It is great, of course, to devote one's life to scientific re- search, but it is greater (even for a scientist) 10 make a real science out of living, so that near the end of it one will have no regrets over many wonderful, beat:titul things he missed. ik x In veviewing Dar discussed book. Man.” I said | could not urge the average man or woman to read it.| ‘This is even more true of “The Origin o in‘s other he much Descent of was_originally published November 24, 1859, since which time it has had a great influence on the thoughts of men, not so much through its direct reading by the pub- lic as by reason of the penetration of its ideas into daily life. Such ideas do diffuse themselves, although they may get a bit twisted in_the process. What was Darwin trying to show. in the 500 pages (of small type) of his “Origin”? In his own words, as given In tne introduction: ““Although much remains obscure, and will long remain obscure, 1 can entertain no doubt, after the most de- liberate study and dispassionate judg- ment of which I am capable, that the view which most naturalists until re- cently entertained, and which I for- merly entertained—namely, that each species has been independently cre- ated—is erroneous. “I am fully convinced that species are not immutable, but that those be- longing to what are called the same genera are lineal descendants of some other and generally extinct species, in the kame manner as the acknowledged varleties of anyv one species are the descendants of that species. “Furthermore, 1 am convinced that natural selection has been the most but not the exclusive, means of modification.” From the close study of domesticated animals and cultivated plants, Dar- such topics as “Variation Under Do- mestication,” ‘“Variation Under ‘Struggle for Existence,” Fittest,” etc. gk On the struggle for existence. Dar- win said: “When we reflect on this may console ourselves with the full belief that the war of na- ture is not incessant, thai no fear is s generally prompt, Fleet Cruise of Nations’ War-Time Friendship Friendship between America and Australia, cemented during the World War, is again emphasized as Uncle Sam’s fleet visits the people of the Common interests of the two nations, both products of the pionder spirit, are dwelt upon in edi- torial\discussfon of the significance of the fleet's cruise and the enthusias. tie welcome given by the Australians. “Our millions who went across the Atlantic,” says the Philadelphia Bul- letin, “have not forgotten the gallant deeds of the swaggering Anzacs, with their chin-strapped, lop-sided som: breros, And the Anzacs are evidently determined 1o give the seagoing pals of their one-time comrades of the trenches 2 visit that will assure them for all time that they are always wel- come in Australia.” Pioneering expe- rience of the Australians “gave them initiative and dash, and they appealed to the Americans,” according to the Ogden Standard-Examiner, which tells shoulder in the World War and found how near alike they were.” e Furthermore, Australja ‘does not “speak of the ‘empire’ M welcoming the American sailors,” the Louisville Courier-Journal observes, “'but as a commonwealth of the British common- wealth of nations, as a_self-regulated, self-important state.” The reason for this “brotherly feeling for Anfericans™ is found by the El Paso Herald 'in the facts that “‘the physical countries. United States and Australia, are much the same; the two peoples have devel- oped under much the same enviren- ment: and ‘free and easy’ is a catch phrase pretty well descriptive of the temperaments of botlh” Further evi- dence of Australia’s position is ob- iserved by the Los Angeles Times, when it states: “In its message of” welcome Australia speaks of the affinity be- tween the two ‘nations. Nor is any reference made to the British Empire. Australia greets us as a nation stand- ing on its own feet.” “The visit of the fleet,” declares the Knoxville Sentinel, “has been seized as an opportunity to stage. one of the greatest demonstrations of amicable relations between nations ever record- ed.” It is a “courtesy visit, inspired by the commonalty of ideals between America and Australia,” according to the Long Beach Press-Telegram. The of “the people of Kanga- s viewed by the Providence Journal as similar to that shown on the occasion of the visit of the Roose- veit armada, and the Journal notes, as indicating its importance, that “the British fleet has never shown itself in strength in their harbors. never has been represented by more than a few ships at a time.”” * ok ok ¥ The common interests of the two nations in the Pacific impresses many Social Position. “I want to wafn you against patron- izing bootleggers.” i “No danger,” rejoined Uncle Bill Bottletop. “Bootleggers out our way are too rich and haughty to be patron- “De man dat's lookin' foh trouble,” sald Uncle Eben, “is like Jonah when he went a-fishin. He don’t know what to do when he done cotch what he was after.” A papers. “The Australians feel,” re- marks the Lansing State Journal, “that America's stake in the Pacific is such that so long as the United States remains steadfast in her rights in the great ocean the white people of the antipodes will never be for- gotten.” In the greeting to the Amer- jcans the Charleston, S. C., Post also sees “a hint that Australia looks to the American Navy as a bulwark of white supremacy in the Pacific, over which there are always predictions of conflict, which, it is to be hoped, will never be realized. The Lexington Leader remarks more pointedly: ‘“The hostility which D. €, SA" | i and that the vigorous, the healthy and | happy survive and multiply.” Of the survi of the fittest, he says. "*Aw buds give rise by growth to fresh bu and these, if vigorous, branch our and overtop on all sides many @ feebler branch, so by generation I believe it has been with the great tree of life, which fllls with its dead and broken branches the crust of the earth und covers the surface with its ever- branching and beautiful ramifica- tion: 1 skip consideration of crosses, hy- brids and many other topics treated at length, and bring the reader without more ado to Chapter XV, “Recapitu- lation and Conclusion,” wherein our author says he is convinced that spe- gles have been modified during a long { course of descent. (I do not imagine Mr. Darwin put much faith in Noah's ark.) ‘This modification, he continues, “has been effected chiefly through the natu- ral selection of numerous successive, slight, fatorable variations; aided in an Important manner by the inherited | effects of the use and disuse of parts; and in an unimportant manner, that is, in relation to adaptive structures, whether past or present, by the d rect action of external conditions, and by variations which seem to us in our ignorance to arise spontaneously.” Darwin declares he sees no good reason “why the views given in this volume should shock the religious feelings of any one," instancing the attack by Leibnitz on the law of the attraction of gravity. He says that a celebrated author and divine had writ- ten him tht “‘he has gradually learned to see that it is just as noble a con- ception of Deity to believe that He cre- ated a few original forms capable of self-deyelopment Into other and need- ful forms, as 1o believe that He re- quired a fresh act of creation to =up vly the voids caused by the action of His laws.” * ¥ “Authors of the highest eminence seem 10 be fully satisfied with the view thad each species has heen in dependently created,” concludes Dr. Darwin. “To my wmind. it accords | better with what we know of the laws impressed upon matter by the Crea- tor, that the production and extinc- tion of the past and present inhabl- tants of the world should have been due to secondary causes, like those determining the birth and death of the individual. When 1 view all beings not as special creations, but as the lineal descendants of some few beings which lived long before the first bed of the Cambrian system was de- posited, they seem to me to become ennobled. * ¢ * It s interesting to contemplate a tangled bank, clothed with many plants of many kinds, with birds singing on the bushes, with Vi rious insects flitting about, and with worms crawling through the damp earth. and to reflect that these elab- orately constructed forms, so differ- ent from each other, and dependent upon each other in so complete a manner, have all been produced by laws acting around us. “These laws. taken in the largest =ense, being Growth with reproduc- tion: Inheritance which is almost im- plied by reproduction, Variabllity from the direct and indirect action of the conditions of life. and from use and disuse; a Ratio of Increase so high as to lead to a Struggle for Life, and, as a consequence, to Natural Selection, entailing Divergence of Character, and the Extinction of less improved forms. “Thus, from the war of nature, from famine and death, the most exalted object which we are capable of con- celving, namely, the production of the higher animals, directly follows. “There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed by the Crea-. tor into a few forms, or into one, and that, while this planet has gone circling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a begin- ning, endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being evolved.” * x Emphasizes is felt in the great island continent toward all efforts of the Japanese 1o encroach upon the preserves of the white man, and which is very intense, leads its people to regard America as the greatest safeguard against what is conceived to be a ‘vellow peril.’" On the other hand, the San Antonio Express cltes the announcement by the New Zealand government of the social mission of the fleet gnd the fact that New Zealand ‘“recalls Japan's loyal aid during the great war.” A declaration that “‘the cruise is not a threat to any nation” is made also by the Pittsburgh Ga- zette-Times, and the Dayton, Ohio, News asserts that “fears of certain American peace societiés that the cruise of the United States Navy might be interpreted by other na- tions as a warlike gesture appear now to_have been groundless." The thought that American citizens need to be reminded that they have a great Navy is expressed by the St. Paul Dispatch, with the added comment: “It is the most important cruise the Navy has undertaken in peace time since President Roosevelt sent the battleships around the world. It is an impressive demonstration of sea power. But this is secondary. The Navy has a peace function. It is being realized in this mission to Australian waters.” S TR Airplane in War. Floyd Gibbone in his vivid pictures of the Riff war describes the supply- ing of a heleagured French post from the air. The post is out of water, and French airplanes are trying to supply he deficlency with ice. Thirty sacks \"ere dropped the other day, of which 18 fell within the post. picturesque episode, and signifi- cant for Americans as well as for othdrs; perhaps especially for us, for in country are there more civilian tists on the art of war preach- ing the miraculbus efficacy of new de- vices, 'especially the airplane. No peo- er quacks or to think that be won by some special nov- out the, trouble of fighting or of maintaining armies. Victory by pressing the button is the speclaity of our civilian prophets, who can figure out to their own complete satisfactiorr that airplanes and gas bombs will make a swift end of armies, cities and natfons. But theqFrench airmen who could only land 15 ice sacks out of 30 in Ain Bouasss. prebably are not so sanguine. The Riffs had no' modern antl-aireraft equipment ‘and the French planes could fly low. But rifle fire and light artillery kept them far enough up to sacrifice half their ice. Planes are invaluable accessories of the modern army. They will be used with increased efficiency in future ‘wars, and so will gas, and subsurface craft if there is naval action. But they are not substitutes for armies or navies, and® never will be.—Chicago Daily Tribune. Tom'-ist Crop Fascinates. Bryan at §outhern Exposition. Floridals greatest crop is its tour- ists, a njillion of them a year. and ave! each one’s expenditures at $100, they ‘reprasent a ing power of $100,000,000, URDAY, AUGUST | the Meidje and Escrins. 8, - 1925. By the Booklover. THE LIBRARY TABLE l Suppose that this week we take a month’s trip, by book instead of by train and motor, through zome of the parts of France which are not Paris and the battle fields. ‘“The Spell of the Heart of France” by Andre Hallays, tells of the towns, villages and chateaux about Paris, most of them not on regular tourist routes. There is a chapter on Maintenon, with its chateau and park, given to Mme. de Maintenon by Louis XVI as a reward for her care of the chil- dren of himself and Mme. de Monte- span. Other chapters take us to La Fertg-Milon, the birthplace of Racine; to Senlis, with its beautiful twelfth century Gothic cathedral and the ruins of its royal chateau; to Juilly, seat of the college of the Oratorist Fathers, where Malebranche studied philosophy, Bossuet made pastoral visits and La Fontaine spent a short time as a student; to Noyon and Soissons. with their unique cathedrals: to Chantilly, where are the chateau and gardens of the Montmorency tamily. descended from the great Con- stable of France. Perhaps the most interesting chapter of all is that on the “Valley of the Oise.” which de- scribes a tour made by the author to all the churches of the Ofse Valley. .4 Kl Caroline Atwater Mason's he Spell of France" takes us through the southern provinces of Provence Languedoc and Gascony. She start: from Avignon, seat of the massive medieval palace of the Popes, where they passed their period of exile from Rome. The palace is a bulk of end- less Gothic walls, consistories, guard rooms, dormitories, refectories, kitch- ens, chapels and the papal bedcham- ber; it has walls at' last § feet in thickness which form gigantic win- dow niches. Nearby are Petrarch's Vaucluse and the old Roman aque- | duct. the Pont du Gard. It is a pleas- ant motor trip from Avignon to Arles founded by the Greeks and contafping today within ite boundaries at least four separate cities—the Greek, the Roman, the medieval and the Pro vencal; and then on to Nimes. with its arena and its Maison Carree, almost as Roman as Rome. Carcas- sonne, ancient stronghold of Kkings and counts, is reached by an inter- esting route along the edge of the Pyrenees, by way of Perpignan and Quilian. The Hotel de la Cite at Car- cassonne was formerly the bishop's palace and is inclosed by the ram- parts. The author thus describes its surroundings: “Here we sat, just within those ramparts built by St Louis on the Roman and Visigoth foundation, the stern Tower of the Inquisition and the Tower of the Biskop flanking the terrace right and left. Down below us lay a glorious stretch of country with the Cevennes and the Pyrenees on the horizon line, the Ville Basse, with the spires of St. Michel and St. Vincent all dyed golden by the long ravs of the setting sun.” The author finishes her tour with a! trip to the shrine of Lourdes and into the high Pyrenees * ¥E * The province of Dauphine contains the French Alps. Grenoble is its cap- ital. The book “Grenoble and There- abouts,” by Ienri Ferrand, describes in an attractive way, with many illus- trations, all the places in this section, which is the rival of Switzerland. In- troducing his chapter “Chartreuse, the author says:' ““The glories of the Monastery of the Grande-Chartreuse were the first among all the beautles | surrounding Grenoble to become fa- mous.’ Then follows a description of the “Route du Desert,” the bastioned road which leads through forest and along ledges cut into the cliffs from Grenoble to Chartreuse, and of the famous monastery itself, now deserted and falling into ruin since the ex- pulsion of the Chartreuse Fathers. Of the mountain climbing possibilities in Dauphine the author says: “Berarde, a simple little village of shepherde as its name indicates, has become the holy city of the Alpine climbers of Oisans. The Societe des Touristes du Dauphine has built a hotel here. which is the point of departure for the as- cent of all the great peaks.” Two of the most famous of these peaks are The chapter “Grenoble in Winter” makes Grenoble seem as fascinating a center of Winter sports as Grindelwald or Davos. * % x % There are {wo delightful recent books of travel in the Pyrenees. In ‘Hill Towns of the Pyrenes” Amy Oakley has followed a well tour of the Pyrenees from Perpignan, on the Mediterranean, gateway to the % vear, as compared with the vear 1924. S’.’.,‘{;?:;v,‘ifig';‘ ':f "h,‘hzw‘;, :‘c‘ At police headquarters, the statistics tion, the climax of the peaks, to the|SPoY dec in the number of ar- Pyrenees-Occidentales and the shore of the Atlantic at Biarritz. In her in- troduction the author savs that her book is the result of three Summers spent by herself and the artist, Thorn ton Oakley. who has illustrated the book with unusual drawings, in the Pyrenees before. during and since the World War. She says: “A lifetime would be all too short 1o fathom the possibilities of the range, although, measured as the crow flies, the entire extent of the chain from sea to ocean is not much more than 200 miles.” In speaking of the peoples found in these mountains, she says: “‘Upon the east on both French and Spanish sides of the watershed acquaintance will be formed with the impulsive Catalan; upon the west on both French and Spanish slopes the virile Basque will be admired; while in the central por- tion—where the barrier of the moun- tains is complete, the land of snow, of ice-bound lakes and mighty gla- ciers—it will be discovered that the dwellers in Gascony are dramatically unrelated by race, tongue or tradition {to the dwellers to southward in ‘the fair land of Aragon.” *oox % Paul Wilstach in “Along the Py- renees” starts from Toulouse for his tour. He quotes the dictum of an old legionnaire: “There is no place else so proper first to see these noble moun- tains, for Toulouse by every natural, that is to say by every topographical reason, holds a key to every gateway to the Pyrenees.” From the top of the Hill of the Column at Toulose “as far as the eye can see is France. Beyond the faint wavering line where earth and sky blend is Spain.” The author crosses this “faint wavering line” and enters Spain at one point. He also goes into the small independent state of Andorra, lying in the mountains be- tween France and Spain, and the two chapters devoted to this little peasant country reveal a people and customs little known and likely to remain so until access is easier. ‘‘The nearast railroad in France is over 40 miles north, and in Spain a railway comes no nearer than 50 miles, Wheeled ve- hicles may approach it over only one road up from Spain on the south. On the north and east and west it may be reached only by mule trails and foot paths over four of the wildest and loneliest passes of this range, at alti- tudes all above 8,000 feet.” Starting from Toulouse the author went first east, to Carcassonne and to Perpignan in old Roussillon on the *Vermilion Coast™; then west, to Pau, Lourdes and the Basque country, ending his journey at Biarritz, on the ‘Cote d’Argent,” where the Pyrenees end. * ok k% “Jungle-Born,” by John Eytan, is another story of the type of Kipling's ‘Jungle Books" and the Tarzan series, in which a child is left in the jungle and deprived of all the amenities of civilization, and then the reader f: told to-watch and see what happens. Reversion to type promptly happens, for the writers of these stories all seem to be evolutionists, mentalists. not funda- planned | | Q. stone Park A. The wild life of every sort, and h f= hunting permitted in Yellow- park 18 a sanctuar: for ting, killing, trapping, ensnaring, wound ing, capturing or frightening any bird or wild animal in the park. except dangerous animals when it is neces- sary to prevent them from destroying life or inflicting injury,-is prohibited. Fishing, however, is permitted in park waters. No license is necessary, and each person may take 10 fish per d: Q. Has Chauncey Depew ever been a candidate for nomination to the Presi-| dency?—E. S. A. In 1838 he was a prominent candidate at the hational Republican convention, but withdrew in favor of Benjamin Harrison. Q. How did Alfred Nobel make {he monev which ha left for the Nobel prizes?—A. T. 8 A. He was a chemist of noie. With his father, he established a factory in which nitroglycerin was manufactured on a commerclal scale for the firs time in history. He also discovered and manufactured dynamite. He, with his brothers, operated petroleum wells in JRussla which made them actlve competitors of the Standard Oll Co. An invetor of great genius. he took out 129 patents in England alone. At his death in 1886, he left more than $9,000,000, the greater part of which he directed should be used for the Nobel prizes. Q. Should “bachelor of arts” be abbreviated “B. A" or “A. B."7-8. B. A. A. Both abbreviations are sanc.| tioned. Q. Which of the British decorations | is considered the greaiest distine tion>-M. G A It is said thai the Victoria Cross i the most highly prized Q. Why are there so few woman | clergymen?--W. T. F. A. The church in general is very | conservative in regard to admitting | women to its highest offices and while jpastors are in practically every case | men. women predominate among religious workers emploved to assist | which deny- women the right to them. There are about 30 sects officiate: among the largest of these are the Protestant Episcopal, all Pres. byterian bodies except the Cumber land, and the Reformed Church in | America, In approximately 40 sects women are received into the pulpit; among them are the Unitarians, Uni. versalists, Congregationalists, Friends, Christian o) Scientists, the Christian Church, Shakers. Church of the Nazarene. the United Evangelical Church, and the Mathodist Protestant Church. The Methodist Episcopal | hurch grants women license ge preach and now ordains them to the ministry. although they will not hold régular charges and are not admitted | |'§ membership in conferences | | Q. What should be done for a “black | leve r—c. K i _A. The Public Health Services ad.| vises that the swelling can be reduced | by applying to the closed lids every three or four minutes little squares of clean, white absorbent cotton or linen about the size of a silver dollar and | which has been laid on « piece of ice {until thoroughly cold. This is most | |effective when kept up more or less | continuously for some 12 or more | hours. The removal of discoloration | may be hastened by applying below | the lower lid little pieces of flannel dipped in water as hot as can bel ! BY PAUL V., Tn the West the people are growing | desperate over the crime wave and | the inadequacy of the police and courts to curb the daring activities of highwaymen, burglars. murderers, em bezzlers and crooks in general. In Chicago and several other Midwest cities the people have formed vigilance committees to aid the police in law en- forcement, and banks have put up { offers of rewards for the capture, dead |or alive, of bank robbers. Here in { Washington, the seat of government, { how serene are we! We have heard of no crime wave in Washington. At the office of the District prose- cutor the statistics indicate a decrease of cases of felony in the last fiscal rests. We thank—at least we are glad that we are not like other Americans, and we prove it with figures—for figures will not lie * * ¥ x In a recent article in the Saturday Evening Post, Richard Washburn Child, under the heading “The Great American Scandal,” says: "~ “Lacking figures, the average citizen listens to his mavor, his board of commissioners and his police chief. These gentlemen are usuvally loath to expose the increase of crime. It takes months to learn, as I have learned, to take information about our crime rec- ord and then discount and interpret it in the light of other knowledge. “The average law enforcement of- ficer will say for publication, ‘We have crime under control. Of course, there was a crime wave. It was due to the| war, ¢ * o “‘For instance. I said to one chief of police, ‘Is this city any dryer than it was five years ago?’ '‘Oh, certainly,' he said, beaming. ‘I just told one of our local papers, vesterday, about that. We met the bootlegger and we have beaten him.’ *““Then hew do you account for the fact that your disorderly conduct ar- rests have nearly doubled in five vears and are going higher?’ “He looked at me searchingly. and said, ‘Well, all rvight. Can I play truth with you? & = e» “ ‘It is as silly to judge the amount of crime by arrests,’ said one detective sergeant, ‘as it would be to judge that there were no rats in the house be- cause no traps were set.' ™ * k kX In a New York daily of last Thurs- day appeared a letter from William B. Joyce, chairman of a surety compeny, who for three decades has been a close student of criminology. The letter was addressed to the National Crime Com- mission, headed by Elbert H. Gary of the United States Steel Corporation. Mr. Joyce stated that fraud takes from the American public, annually, $2,000,000,000; burglary about the same amount, embezzlement $125,000,000 and forgery, together with check rais- ing, $100,000,000. Law enforcement costs the country $500,000,000, even in the present state of motorious failure to enforce. In Chicago at least one murder is committed.dailv. New York kills even faster. The whole of England and Wales kills only half as many as does New York City; all of Canada fewer than does our City of Brotherly Love. “Wild and woolly” Western Australia, with its frontier population of 350,000 —three-fourths the population of ‘Washington—kills only two a vear, while our murder record was 29 in the fiscal year 1924 and 39 in the fiscal year 1925, ended June 30. Of these Washington murders in the last fiscal year nine were done by white and the rest by colored mur- derers. Nearly half the murderssand mansiaughters and assaults with dan- gerous weapons are done with revol- vers—usually due to concealed weap- ons and quick anger. ‘There is a growl mand for prohibiti revolvers and pistols. Of violations of the Volstead liquor nation-wide de- of the sale of ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS borne. Change the biis of flannei a= often as they become cold, keeping np the treatment for half an hots. Rest for several hours, then repeat the treatment until desired results are ob- tained. Q. How many square miles does the surface of the earth contain’—B. 1. A. The superficial area of the earih is 196,560,000 square miles. Q. Are the words “stop” counted in the length of a telegram?—H. L. F. A. Such words are counted. Q. Is it true that Florida has a cli- mate like Italy?—A. J. E. A. The climate of the northern part of Italy resembles that of Kloridu The mean annual temperature varies from 61 degrees Fahrenheit to 64 de grees Fahrenheit. The mean Summer temperature does not exceed 80 de grees Fahrenheit. Th rainfall occurs mosty in the Fall and Winfer months Q. How Jong was a cubit?—1. R, A A. The length of the cubit is de rived from the length of the forearm From a number of Egvptian me: ing sticks found in the tombs Egypt, the cubit is ascertained io be equal to 2064 English inches. The Roman cubit was 1); Roman feet. or 174 English inches. These are the only two cubits whose lengths are un disputed. .Two cubits are mentioned in the Bible. The shorter of these was= probably that which is called the cubit of man and the longer is called the cubit after the first measure Julian of Ascalon speaks of two cubits in' the ratio of 28 to 25. We have no accurate knowledge, however, of the Hebrew cubits, since the cubit of the temple is estimated variously by high authorities as from 1% 10 26 inches Q. What kind of bottom have ovs. ter beds?—L. E. H A. Oyster beds repose as a rule on a muddy substratum, upon which 1hes have been built up from a compara tively small nucleus by the fixation vear after vear. of the young lpon the shells of th redecessors Q. Was zoif land”-N. § A. The game was first plaved b the Dutch in the Netherlands. Twa Scolchmen imported the game 1o their country. invented” in Seot Q. How wide were Roman roads w. P A. The more important Romar roads had a paved width of 16 feei During the Middle Ages the paving of roads practically ceased, and the spread of epidemics during this time was doubtless due 1o the condition of the traveled roads Q. Who are the “Forty Immortals?" —Jic A. Thev are the members of the French Academy. the first and mos important of the five academies of tne Institute de France. (You have a personal representatire in Washington who is willing to serve you without charge. The great free information bureau conducted by Frederic J. Haskin stands ready 1n secure for you any information which it is within the practice of the Gor- ernment to give to the public. It also keeps in close contact with great edv- cational institutions, libraries, wu- seums, art galleries and other sources not avaliable to the average ind: rvidual. You can have the ansier to eny question of fact sent directly to you by simply inclsoing 2 cents in stamps jor return postage and 1dadressing ' The Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin. director. Washington, D. C.) . COLLINS. as 1a. 1925 follows 4.239 law. the record is 2 1923, 3,850 , 18,351, and last year 21.892 gallons. Of violations of the Sheppard law against intoxication, the figures for successive vears, beginning 1922, are 6.730, 8.871. 9,715, and, last vear 11.812. Shall our law enforcers sa ““We have met the liquor violator and he is ours?” Total arrests have grov from 61,057 in 1922 to 75,329 in 19 an increase of 23 per cent. o The main interest in any statistics lies in the lesson they may point as to the trend of conditions. Washinz ton police and courts claim that there is no marked increase of crime in the Capital. The surety companies allege that conditions here are extraordi narily dangerous, mainly because the public. banks and business men gen erally are lulled into a feeling of false security. ; The vigilance committees of the West, they declare, are driving the criminals out of that region, and the robbers and “stick-ups” are likelv to head in this direction. No expla nation has been given to the recent action by the United States Treasury in supplying sawed-off shotguns fo employes. Surety experts declare they are alarmed at the carelessness of some banks and business firms in their handling of securities and funds. One bank, they say, unwilling to mar the architecture of the building, placed its burglar alarm inside the building instead of outside. In case of & bur- glary or a hold-up, there would be but a faint buzzing inside, instead of a real alarm which would arouse the police. 14,354, * x ox % Business houses are not alone warn- %r carelessness; homes are equally ol d to similar criticism. Jewelry T nly upon dressers, or is depos ited insecure boxes and drawers As Mr. Joyce, the expert whose letter is quoted in the opening paragraph. says: “Thefts in residences most fre quently ave the jobs of servants or former servants who know the culpa ble carelessness of the owner. We have paid losses, and there are also hundreds of losses we did not insure against, that were caused by ex-con victs that were employed and given free access to the entire residence.” There are two phases of the In- crease of crime, in regard to which all parties agree. First, that the' criminals between the ages of 17 and 25 are increasing alarmingly. % ‘The average age is much younger than in the past. The reason for this tendency toward youthful crime is laid to the general laxpess of home discipline of children, the lowering of religious and moral: standard which in so many cases condone: violation of some obnoxious law, and thereby teaches that law need not be respected unless it coincides with in- dividual predelictions. Second, the delays in trial and sen tencing of crimianls, and the loose ness of court action, hampered by insufficiency of the number of courts to give prompt trials, and, above all, to the growth of technicalities for evading conviction. Too many courts and officers of the law take the position that law en forcement is optional with them. Both judges and sheriffs are sworn to en- force all laws—county, State and Fed- eral. They have no discretionary power to suspend enforcement, and when such officials usurp power of law: evasion, the influence spreads to young men and older crimipals to despise all Jaws, and to seek o profit by crime. This is the belief of high officials in the Washingtdh Police (Coprright.- 1035, by- Paul- V. Cotlins.| -