Evening Star Newspaper, July 31, 1925, Page 6

6 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morn Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY..........July 31, 1825 THEODORE W. NOYES. ...Editor| The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office 11th s¢ Pennsslyania New York Office: 110 East 42nd St Chicago Office: Tower Building European Office: 16 Regent St., London England Sunday morn. carriers within daily onl; The Evening Star. with the ing edition, is delivered by the city at 60 cents ber month 45 cents per month: Sunday only per month, telephone Main 5000 carrier at the end of each 0 cen Collection is made by month Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. aryland and Virgi Daily and Sunday 1yr Daily only 15r Sunday only 1yr 240 All Other States Daily and Sunday.. .1 yr.$10.00 Daily only 15r. $7.00 Sunday only 1yrl 8300 Press. sively entitled all news die Member of the Associated The Associated Press is ex: to for republic o it the u hes « ion r no red therwise d in this paper and the' local news Wiished herem. . All rights of publication of special dispatehes herein are also reserved. The British Industrial Crisis. The industrial crisis in Great Brit- &ln, with a coal strike promised for tonight and a general strike threat ened as a measure of sympathy, has been averted temporarily. But the British government has fallen on evil days. It became necessary in order to avert the strike to suggest that the government give financial aid to the mine owners, making it possible. for them to continue operation without the reduction of wages and the longer working hours demanded. In the final analysis the financial aid is as much a subsidy to the workers as it is to the mine owners, since it is designed to meet expenditu made on account of wages to the miners. It is, in fact, a subsidy to the entire industry. The coal industry of Great Britain is vital to the nation. It is unthink- able that it should be shut down. A million men are employed in the mines. Millions of men and women are de- pendent on the produc It warmp them, ope tries that gives them drives the ship: ©of the mines. tes the indus- livelihood and that carry England’'s products overseas and bring back the needed foodstuffs. The government, found it necessary to act as it not have done under other ci stance The taxpayers may be called upon to pay the bill, but it is far bet- ter to meet this bill than the alterna- tive. The British have paid doles to the unemployed since the war, to help them keep body and soul together. Now it is propoged to pay doles to one of the basic industries of the coun try, in order to keep miner and mine owner together. It a dangerous precedent. Other industries in finan- cial difficulty may make similar de- mands upon the government. If the contentions of the mine own- ers and the miners are correct, how- ever, there seems no other step pos- sible for the British government pro- vided the mines were to continue to operate in private control. The al- ternative was government operation. ‘The mine operators, insisted that un- lass the wage reductions were made they would operate at a loss. The miners grimly said they could not live on the lower scale of wages proposed. Under the provisional agreement a full inquiry into the mining industry is to be made to ascertain what steps should be taken to make coal mining pay the owner and give a living wage to the miner. The promise of govern- ment aid is made with the wise un- derstanding that it shall be discon- tinued as soon as the problem has been studied and a solution found. ———— Connecticut Avenue. The Washington Board of Trade takes the position that Klingle Bridge should be replaced with one whose safety is bevond question and whose width will be such that traffic will not be choked. The organization will recommend to the Commissioners that this is an improvement which the city greatly needs. Klingle Bridge was built when Connecticut avenue was “extended,” when the city beyond the boundary was thinly built and when there were few evidences of a city in that part of the District. Klingle Bridge was a romantic bit in the “new” drive of Connecticut avenue “extended” and was satisfactory. A modern bridge is required The Board of Trade has under con- sideration a recommendation to the Commissioners that trolley wires on Connecticut avenue be put under- ground. This is a question that will arouse much discussion. There is vig- orous disapproval of trolley posts in the middle of the street and in fact in any part of the street. The sub- stijution of underground for overhead trolley wires on the long stretch from Calvert street to Chevy Chase would be a costly piece of work and it may be too early to urge that it be carried out, but the time is coming when the section from Calvert street and the great concrete bridge to the District line will be so much of a city that people will not tolerate overhead trol- ley wires. therefore, has ght um- is r———— The passing of the years exerts no Influence on Walter Johnson, who re- fuses to subside into a position of &uthoritative dignity like that of Ban Johnson or Judge Landis. ——— The Cruise of the Arcturus. A scientific expedition headed by ‘William Beebe has just returned to this country after several months in the South Atlantic and Pacific waters. The purpose of this expedition was to make investigations of sea life. The #teamer Arcturus, which carrled it, was fitted out as a marine laboratory. One of the specific purposes was to locate, if possible, the great Sargasso Sea, which has been the subject of egend and literature for a great many ears. Dr, Beebe reports that the Arcturus party found no Sargasso Sea, no great mass of floating tangled weeds and wreckags., The Arcturus criss-crossed the area that is traditionally marked on the maps by this name and saw no grass, no derelicts, in fact nothing but, waters. Dr. Beebe does pot to.golve ihe mystery of Orders may be sent by mal or | storms have dispersed it. off the face of the strange that a destroyed—a ocean—it seems “sea’ mystery a time is attested by dences, not merely in Hin the annals of navigation. ridge’s poem, ““The Ancient Mariner,’ | is the most famous of the fictions on subject. There have numerable other writings which doubtedly had their basis in the ex periencas of navigators, though doubt less with much exaggeration 1f violent storms have dispersed the weeds and wreckage that formed this numerous evi literature Cole. this been in- un would seem to be logical to deduce that thy sea has changed its habits within Such storms are surely not wholly of modern de velopment. Yet there is evidence in the findings of the Ar party that there have been changes in the sea. For instance, the Humboldt cur- rent, which has long been mapped as flowing northerly past the Pacific coast of South America to the Equator, was not located by this ex- pedition. Dr. Beebe states that it has been either interrupted deflected, perhaps by recent convulsions of the recent decades. turus or earth The Arcturus expedition, however, had numerous positive results in ad- dition to the negative findings relative to the Sargasso Sea and the Hum- boldt current. Many strange speci- ments of sea life were captured. Ex- citing experiences were had in the neighborhood of the Galapagos Is- lands with volcanoes and other vio- lent manifestations of nature. Alto- gether this expedition was one of the most fruitful adventures of modern science. e The La Follette Candidacy. Robert M. La Follette, jr., has cast his hat in the ring. He will make the race for the senatorial seat held for many vears by his father. The announcement from Madison was ex- pected. The friends of the senior La Follette doubtless will rally to the support of the son. The indications are that La Fol- lette will be elected Senator; that the La Follette organization is so strong- ly intrenched that the so-called “stalwart” Republicans will be un- able to prevent his nomination on the Republican ticket and his subsequent election. The Republican organization in Wisconsin has been strongly con- trolled by the La Follette people. In deed, young “Bob” La Follette has been and is chalrman of the Repub- lcan State central committee. A La Follette follower was the last mem- ber of the Republican natfonal com- mittee from Wisconsin. He resigned during the campaign of 1924, to sup- port the La Follette-Wheeler inde- pendent Progressive ticket and there- by effectually checked the substitu- tion of a stalwart or regular Repub- lican as a national committeeman from Wisconsin. In Wisconsin, when such a vacancy in the national com- mittee occurs voluntarily, the State central committee names the Repub- lican national committeeman. The committee was and continues to be strongly La Follette. Young “Bob” took part in the Progressive campaign last year. It was expected that, had he lived, Senator La Follette would cast in his lot with the new liberal party, which it is planned to organ- ize nationally. The Senator had cut himself off from the regular Repub- lican organization and his dream was of a party which would unite all the liberals of the country and bring about a new alignment between the progressives and the conservatives. The sor acted as his father's lieu- tenant and official observer at the meeting in Chicago last Winter, when it was determined to go ahead with a new party organization. On the brink of his own entry into nationel politics, Mr. La Follette must decide whether he is to run as a Republican or as a progressive on an independent ticket. The formal statement of his candidacy, which he has promised, doubtless will clear up this question. It is expected, too, that he will seek the Republican nomination. In the first place, the new liberal party has not yet been organized, and the committee which is to make all plans for organization so far has done nothing but an- nounce that the movement will go forward. It is still nebulous., In the second place, the Republican organ- ization in Wisconsin is the La Fol- lette organization. It is a thing apart from the Republican national organ- ization, and has been for some time. “Republican” is merely the title by which the organization is known. From the practical political stand- point, La Follette must seek the Re- publican nomination if for no other reason. After his election young La Fol- lette, if successful, will face the crucial test both of his own leader- ship in the State and of the progres- sive Republican organization which was built up by his father. If he fails of election, the La Follette machine may be regarded as a thing of the past. \ B - Japan has had enough experience with earthquakes to be free from fear concerning those which occur on the California coast. a prominent Radio. One of the urgent needs of the country is closer regulation of radio. ‘With the increase in the number of broadcasting stations nd the amount of matter sent out by them the air is often congested. Numerous stations are broadcasting on wave lengths so near others that receiving sets do not separate them. It may be that some stations broadcast on the wave length of other stations through in- advertence or mechanical defects. This is one of the questions to come before the next national radio confer- ence, and it will be considered by the but ! should be thus | station desired. presents itself | ment refined to the highest degree the | that may never be solved. That there |air will not seem to be so cluttered. | was such a patch of semi-solidity on | There are other the surface of the Atlantic vnce upon | sidered. The breaking in of code from strange zone of calm and stagnation ! power the static THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. 0. FRIDAY, JULY 31, 1925. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. the disappearance of the great mass | Department of Commerce and by Gon- of flotsam, the shiptrap of legend, |gress. Makers of sets are working to jotherwise than to suggest that violent | give receivers closer adjustments, so that they will be able to tune out a length close to that of the Perhaps with adjust- is very | i If the Sargasso Sea has beea wiped station not wanted, though its wave things to be con- -omme al and Government wireless stations and interference by certain types of receiving sets will be taken under consideration. Static and distortion in long-distance receiving the serious handi- remain caps of radio, and the experiments by the General Electric station at Schenectady in broadcasting on 50 kilowatts are being watched with in |terest. On the nights that WGY tbroadcast at midnight on super. was unusually an | lying just north of the Antilles, it |noying. On tube sets in and around Washington the superpower matter came in with great strength, but there have been differing reports from listeners. Some that the overcame the was reported superpower broadcasting static, and others reported that reception. though very still confused with air noise. Radio engineers their problems and are at work, and it is a fair predic tion that they will overcome static, that very thin differences in wave lengths will be taken care of by re- céiving sets, that unnecessary inter- ference will be provided against and that airways between sending stations and receiving sets will be kept clear. strong, know ———— Coolidge can presidential term if say the wise gentry of politics, who are equally sure that a man who would not desire to continue in so great an office would be a doubtful candidate in an intelligence test. alvin have another he wants it. So s e Traffic direction in this city is gradually assuming the authority to instruct as well as the power to pun- ish. The process should commend it- self as a hopeful departure from archaic methods which have hitherto proved impractical. A If the three Japanese monkeys who with hands over eyes, ears or mouth signify ‘“see no evil, hear no evil speak no evil” could be properly un- derstood they might conciliate even the anti-evolutionists. — Cme—— Washington, D needs bathing beaches. Every citizen of the United States takes pride in the . S. A.'s Capital City. James W. Riley's “old swimmin' hole” is liable to become a national issue. - ———— The Democratic party when seek ing to reorganize finds Gov. Al Smith’s cohorts joining in the chorus of “The Sidewalks of New York™” in an effort to hand-organize. — ———— There is an element of Berlin kenti- ment that apparently regards an ex- Kaiser as a greater man than a duly elected President of the German Re public. ————— The coal consumer prepares to pay an additional price without even a protest to the effect that the periodical strike threat is old stuff and badly re- hearsed. ————————— Among the numerous figures in the Dayton, Tenn., trial, John Scopes was the only one who displayed the sport- ing instinct to the extent of risking a fairly good job. e ——ee— The peace of the world may call for some legislation which will re- quire patrons of a rural soda water fount to quaff their refreshment in silence. ———— A great man's fame would be more secure if his friends could maintain a censorship over the people who write poetry about him. ———— Of one thing Dayton, Tenn., is ab- solutely sure. The effort to enable hot frankfurters to supplant fried chicken as a local delicacy has been a failure. & ———— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Miss August. Howdydo, Miss August— On a lazy afternoon You tells us "bout the Autumn We will welcome pretty soon, N You're a memory of Junetime, A reminder of July And a hint of brown October That is coming, by and by, Howdydo, Miss August! The mocking bird les hid, But there's comfort in the'singing Of the plain old Katydid. Interpretation. “What do you think of psycho- analysis?” “It's all right,” answered Senator Sorghum, ‘“provided you've got a smart lawyer to take charge of the way it's going to work.” Beauty Contest. “Mother, may I go out to swim?"” “Gal, you've got me guessin'! If vou want to show your figger trim, Go take a dancin’ lesson!" 3 “Don’t flatter yourself a monkey was your ancestor,” said Jud Tunkine, “unless you're able to mind your own >usiness as strictly as a monkey does.’ Life's Practical Side. “Poetry,” remarked the young man, “is @ gift.” “So is music,” replied Miss Cay- enne. “Since the radio got to work about the only things we don't find gratis in the dear little flat are rent, clothing and the grocery bill, An Anti-Sclentist, Germs in imagination Exist. The world is flat, In vain is vaccination— So, let it go at that! “I has read de Bible through,” said Uncle Eben, “an’ dey ain’ no argu- ment interestin’ enough to stop me f'um startin’ in to read it all over " RIS L “Peeping Toms” are not esteemed | members of society, vet there is meth od in their madness. | A famous college professor once told his class that the way to look at a garden was not to gaze over the fence, but to stoop down and look | through a crack in the wall, Such confinement of the vision| seems 1o augment the beauties, much as a landscape takes on a_ different as- pect from being reflected in a small mirror. _Who has not. as a child, spent fas- | cinated minutes peering into a poc “looking glass,” about the %6 of silver dollar? Recall how old, familiar scenes took on new ppearances; how the back vard became, for the nonce, an almost unfamiliar place: .how the garbage | can, there by the gate, gleamed like sterling silver, how the barn became | a fairy palac honest old Tige, | der in the little garden? tching fleas, seemed a monster| 7That depends upon one’s disposition from some im dream. There are some who always want to Such was the work of {he mirror:| find out more. Such will stop and and today each one of us can get the | 80 in. There are others who rest same re: in the daily walks of | content with glimpses of beauty. life if we will let our ir These latter are the same folks Who, imaginations | take the place of the physical bit of | When a great man comes to town, glass and quicksilver and keep our | refuse to join the crowd of celebrity- eyes open. | seekers who gather at the railroad Glimpses into gardens, as one rides | Statio "hey had rather know the to and from work, give one wonder- ful views, such as'the professor pre ferred. Instead of kneeling down to look through a hole in the wall we get | the same result by the rapidity of our | motion No sooner do we catch sight of the rdens, to the rear of homes, than we are whisked away, so that our total | impression amounts to no more than if we had peered through a cranny. There is a small bridge i Washington, crossed daily sands of people. northwest by thou Yet how few have ever seen a small | are to readers glimpses into man- garden nestling to the west of the made fairylands, peeks at beauty, last house in the row. vistas caught through a hole in the The garden is on the vacant lot next | wall door. The term “vacant lot” is a mis. 1 R it il nomer now, however, for the ground| Alomg any street car line it is pos. is far from vacant | sible for the alert watcher to catch Those living in the house have|sight of many flourishing gardens, transformed the lot into a fairyland | where loving care, time and money of flowers, close hedged by various|have been turned into beauty. flowering bushes and leafy plants, so| Birds, which have much the same that perhaps it is no especial wonder | ideals of beauty as man, loving bright that most passers-by fail to note it. | colors and song, frequent these gar- The most fascinating glimpses of | dens, too, but much in our own way, flowers and graveled paths are to be | rather paying brief visits constantly, caught by those able to se Right here it may be said that the ability to see is not altogether a mat ter of evesight. There is a great deal more to it than that Thousands of n and w might as well be blind, almost, fc they see as they go to and fro around and about their great Capital City. Why, there never saw the although they thousand times, are people here Washington Mo may have passed it a It is one thing glance at a thing with mind occupied with other affairs and distinctly an other thing to really look at an object or a scene—or a person—with the sole intent of seeing it Until one gets this distinction who ument, into his head he will never really 'see” | car whisked us out of sight, what is Washington or any other city. He | that, there by the gate? must look at streets, buildinzs, gath-| Perhaps it was a Chinese wool- erings, as if he w veritable | flowe: it we shall never know, un- camera, intent on its sacred duty of | less we keep a watchout the next time, seeing everything, down to the s| ht we come along. est spear of grass [ This is one of the fascinations of Just as the finished negative will| glimpsing gardens, that what we fail contain many details which will not (1o see one time we can look for show up,in a print unless an enlarge- | another. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL ¥ The “poor, innocent bystander— the man who heats a corporation which runs a factory, o the owner who buys coal for his great apartment house or hotel! How such | a party must be pitied when the coal | miners " the ators by striking for higher wages and shorter | hours and for the “check-off” and all | things else with which to add to their comforts and to the discomforts of | the operators who own the This appears to be the version of the | operators. Likewise, how the home heater and ' the manufacturer and the apartment house owner must receive sympathy when the “grasping” operators “grind the faces” of the ‘“poor” miners until a governor of a State steps in and demands a compromise between the two contenders for justice! Gov. Pinchot of Pennsylvania ruled that the miners should have their con- tention. for a 10 per cent increase of wages and the “check-off” should be sacred, whereby the operators who employ union miners will deduct from their wages the amount of union dues and pay the same to the union, with which the union may fight both the operators and the non-union rival workmen. The governor aforesaid also recommended that the operators should “absorb” the 10 per cent in- crease and not pass it along to the “innocent bystander” of the home, the factory and the apartment house. How well did the operators do, that “gubernatorial absorption”? By' ad- justing retail prices so that the 10 per cent is multiplied and the result is home, or r ‘abuse” ope: mine charged against the “innocent by- stander” with interest. The “by- stander is unorganized and has no champion except the Government of the United States of America. Bk ALK There may be a great coal strike beginning September 1, unless an agreement be reached between opera- tors and miners at the Atlantic City conference now in session. Hence it is timely to study the history of previous strikes such as is now imminent. Take the wages of contract miners in 1902 _as the basis of comparison— the “100 index number.” By 1911 the wage index had risen to 115.0. Then there was a new agreement with the result of a 10 per cent increase, mak- ing the index 121. In 1916, there was another agreement and wages rose 7 per cent, and the index became 129.5. Then came the war, and a month later wages rose 10 per cent and the index was 142.5; but that in- crease was not satisfactory, so a sec- ond boost followed November 1, 1917, when mining wages were enhanced 25 per cent more. One year later there was another increase of 40 per cent, so the index became 181.3. That lasted until April, 1920, when the miners achieved another boost of 65 per cent and the index stood at 213.6. So the miners lived on until two years later came the strike of 1922, which Gov. Pinchot “compromised’” by awarding the increase demanded, 10 per cent, and the index stood at 236—two and a third times the pre- war rate. Also in that ‘“compromise” the *‘check-off” was intrenched as a vested right of the “miners’ union, compelling all union miners to pay full union dues, by requiring the em- ployers to deduct the dues from wages and remit the amount to the union. The governor advised the operators to “‘absorb” the increase and not to pass it on to the consumer. Did they do it? * X % X This is the story of the ‘“non-ab- sorbent” operators: The average price of a gross ton of stove anthracite at the mines in 1913 was $3.63. (The retail selling price was $7.46.) When the war came, the miners’ index, show- | From the Philadelphia Public Ledger. ment is made, so one's memory of |scenes, as taken away from them, may give up all details after- that makes no difference | It one sees fully, or as fully as he can, he will take away more than the speeder who see precious little; | and his “pictures” will be sharp and well defined, whereas those of the others will be blurred and out-of-focus. * kK * their yellow and red an aperture in green looks at the not wa readily d. But Zinnias nod heads through lenves as the passerby garden in the lot It must be cool and rather damp in there, as the garden gets only the afternoon sun, and not all of that, be- ing hedged in to the West. here are many plants, however, which do well in partial shade. One n only guess at them, as he goes Shall we not get out, and wan- by, man through his fame, and his books, if he has written any, than personally meet him A man’s fame is one thing, his books another, and he himself still another. I met M. Coue when he was here, but what I remember of him, I am con seious, are his ideas, not his little white beard, or his black bow tie ) with other people’s gardens ve me a glimpse into them, I am as satisfied as if I had spent half a day there So 1 read with interest, as thousands of other readers of The | Star are doing, the series of articles )n fine gardens of Washington. These | than settling down to glut themselves with loveliness Birds are wise Most them scorn the elaborate houses put up for their happiness, and prefer, rather, to sit on telephone wires or eves, where they may get glimpses fly £ beauty as they please, then on to another vard, to repeat the process of extracting the last ounce of loveliness from the scene. | See yonder spikes of lupines, nod {ding in the wind there in that cleft between two houses! Beyond are rose- bushes, and gladioli—what is that there. | our language is not ungram | maticall We were not going to ask, “What was that there flower?” We | simply were seeking to learn, as our . COLLINS. the end of 1918 the miners’ index was s 184%. in nd the operators’ index w: the Pinchot ‘“‘compromise’ the miners' index was 235, wh! the non-absorbing operators showed how one good rise deserves another, by pushing prices until their index was 258. Always the operators in. eased disproportionately bevond the rises achieved by the man who dug the coal. * ook By the “‘comprom! adding 10 per cent to the miners’ wages, 60 cents a ton was added to the labor cost of pro- duction. The operators had already boosted selling prices from $7.46 in 1913 to §15.10 in 1923, but now they not only added in the 60 cents extra | cost of labor to the $15.10 selling price |but the sum became $15.77. . The anthracite field is limited'to an area of 500 square miles and is held |by a very few owners, mostly coal- hauling railroad companies. The con- trol is absolute. So completely is the output governed that. except during the war, there has been no increase of production for 12 years, to keep pace with the growth of population and demand. In 1913 the production was 91,524,- 922 tons: in 1924 it was only 90,214,000 tons, which was a shortage of 1,300,000 tons under that of 1913, according to the United States Geological Survey. The aggregate production of anthra- cite for the present calendar year, up to July 11, s 47,803,000 tons, which is 509,000 tons less than produced in the same period last year, notwith- standing the fact that the contract with miners would expire September 1, with a probability of a dispute and ble strike interfering with opera- . The operators hold in stock to- day only two months’ supply. * X X % While the 1924 contract with the bituminous miners has 20 months to run, the United Mine Workers, through their president, John L. Lewis, claim that about half of the mines in West Virginia have repudi- ated its terms and are attempting to operate at reduced wages. On that basis the miners threaten a general strike throughout the whole mining regions of the United States. It is pointed out that this necessity of commerce is thus absolutely con- trolled and manipulated to maintain higher prices from the consumers, and the United States Coal Commis. sion recommends to consumers the use of substitute fuels. But substi- tute fuels are not found popular, es- pecially in the East. Bituminous coal is rejected as dirty and sooty. Oil, | gas and electricity are expensive. Be- sides, the impending strike will in- volve bituminous mines as well as anthracite. e X This country exports 15,263,000 tons of bituminous coal annually. To- gether with Great Britain we supply over 50 per cent of the world's re- quirement of coal. The British miners are also threatening a general strike August 1, so that other countries, be- sides the two great producers, are gravely concerned in the outcome of the situation. The coal supply is the key to continued manufacturing oper- ations, and all productive business is dependent upon it. If a prolonged con- test arose, Shutting down mining in Britain and the United States, millions of working people would be out of employment and the most serious labor crisis might be easly imaginable. Both in America and in Great ‘Britain there is gravest concern, with much con- jecture as to the powers of govern- m;‘nt to take over and operate the mines. (Copyright, 1925, by Paul V. Collins.) All in Highwayman Class. The Security Pact By Gen. Henry T. Allen, Formerly Commander of the Ameri- Troops on the Rhine. | | the ! Perhaps since the signing of Dawes plan no peace measure of greater moment has been proposed than the securit pact. And at time within the past 11 years have the historically inimical Central Euro-{ pean powers shown such good \\'iil( | y no toward peace and each other now. It is.not worth while to go behind the to learn the | Whether German recognition of peace at this stage as a vital element in its restoration, and finanélal friendship | of foreign countries as a necessity for her industries be the is beside the question. Likew whether the inflation of the franc, the Riffian campaign and the necessity of finan clal aid from without be potent causes in bringing about a stronger desire by Irance for an understanding with her former enemy need not be dwelt upon here. The good will shown suffices to condone much of the past and inspire hope in the future. scenes reasons. a reasons Hope of an Agreement. The approval of the Reichstaz and of the Parliament of the proposals of the respective foreign ministers fur ther increases hope of some sort of agreement. The difficulties will not be with respect to the Western fron- tier and a Rhineland agreement, but with the corridor to the sea, the free city of Danzig and the disposition made of Upper Silesia. These latter realities involve vital questions for| both France and German former b; Poland and Czechoslovakia, for the | latter by reason of its genuine con- | viction that the great injustice in-| flicted on the reich must be righted | mentary Q age A. The average about 6,000 fe run to 9,000 f feet long is the aver R feature film although some Tor more. How many motion picture film?—M is few Q. Does a permanent wave injure the hair?—IL. L. A. The American Hairdresser says that permanent waving of itself need not be injurjous to the hair, but due | to defective methods of operation it | might be. Q. What was forbidden by the Ne- | braska language law?—C. P. B. A. It prohibited the teaching of any | foreign language to a child in the ele- | grades in any school other than a Sunday school. The United ites Supreme Court declared it un constitutional to prohibit the teaching of foreign language in private | schools, I Q. Why do people trom | humid atmosphere?—M. E. G { A. High humidity makes heat more oppressive. Less vapor is evaporated | from the lungs in warm damp air, | thus humidity influences the processes of respiration. Per jon is more readily percefved in warm d Such air is a great deal less able than dry warm air Q. Has any country achieved independence it up voluntarily?—F. A A. The Far Eastern republic of Chita was an independent republic suffer had given which lately | up air endur- ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. formed of the former Russian prov. inces, Trans-Baikal, Amur, the Mari- time Provinces, and North Sakhalin after the fall of the Russian empire in 19 The republic had many vicis situdes, the people suffering greatly from civil war. In 1922 it abolished independence and became an in tegral part of the Soviet state. I Q. When was the Cincinnati court house burned?—M. C. M It was destroyed ‘incinnati riot, which March 2831, 1884 during took the How many men did Tennesses the World War?—A. M essee sent 75,825 men 1o t per cent of the available ranked seventeenth In the of men sent. Robert E thorough education of people most efficacious means of prow the prosperity of the Nation words of the distinguished general are the less than when he spoke them. Our Wash ington information bureau is onr the greatest agencies for the distri bution of free informaation and edu cational data in the world. Its scr ices are free to readers of this paper All you need to do is to send in your query together with 2 cents in stamps for return postage. Address The Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Has kin, director, Washington, D, C. Q send t A. Tel war—2.02 men and number (Gen the S true Lee said, Universal Tribute to Bryan’s Sincerity Marks Comment Germany proposes to do this by arbi-| Out of the thousands of columns | tration, while France respectfully de-|Written of William Jennings Bryan clines {o consider any change of the | Since his sudden death at the scene of illes treaty. Hoth sides, how-|his last great fight stands like a bright pproach this apparently insur.|Star universal tribute to the sincerity mountable difficulty with an expressed | of the man regarded by many as the spirit of good will and understanding. | reatest crusader in religion and poli- The present trade war between Po.|tics the world has ever known. In land and Germany, in contrast to the | death as in life, the Commoner has final evacuations of Ruhr cities now | Severe critics of his qualities, his be- taking place, s suggestive of what the future portends under existing treaty conditions. In the interest of their own existence, it would seem advisable for Poland and Czechoslo- vakia to set about making such ar- rangements with Germany, the former possibly also with Russid, would relieve France of dangers in the East and give themselves a possible peace | that insistence on the status quo| necessarily belies. Treaties must be subject to the unive! 1 law of change, to such a change as is pro vided for in the Versailles document. Wanted in the evident of both ermany League. The ence, that the desire, almost insist England and France become a member of League of Nations may be com-| plied with, but to recognize France as a guarantr of arbitration treaties between Germany on one side and Czechoslovak and Poland n the other 'is quite a different atter. Germany’s experience with the league which recommended turning over to Poland about 85 per cent of the wealth of Upper Silesia, despite the plebiscite favorable to the reich, has not created a predisposition toward that world or- ganization. The suggested discrimina in re. spect to articie 16, put forward by Germany by reason of its small army, has not been favorably received by the other countries, and Germany will probably vield on that point. The ! disarmament question is practically settled, the evacuation of the Ruhr is almost an accomplished fact, and very shortly we shall hear that the British are leaving Cologne. While these are valuable aids In bringing about a se curity pact, truly very much remains to be done. However, considerable honor and credit are aiready due M. Briand, Herr Stresemann, and per- haps not less to Mr. Chamberlain. (Copyright. 1925.) —— Laying the Corner Stone of the Capitol To the Editor of The Star “Highlights of History,” in Tues- day's Star, tells us Washington laid the corner stone of the north wing of the Capitol in 1793. This is a very common statement and a nice tradition perhaps that should nq[_!)o spoiled. But while we are writing history why not confine ourselves to facts? Collin Willlamson, a Scotchman and master stonemason at the Capitol, per- sonally set the corner stone of that building. He was one of the founders of Federal Lodge, No. 1, F. A. A. M., of this city, who in full regalia per- sonally set the stone. The part performed by President ‘Washington was of a different char- acter, though associated, of course, with the actual laying of the original stone. Unquestionably he partici- pated in the ceremonies of Septem- ber 18, 1793. The Columbian Mirror and Alex- andria Gazette of September 23, 1793, perhaps gives the best description of just what happened upon this oc- casion. In part, it says: “The grand marshal delivered the Commissioners a large silver plate with an inscrip- tion thereon, which the Commission- ers ordered to be read, and was as follows.” Then follows the inscrip- tion. Continuing, the article reads: “The artillery discharged a volley. “The plate was then delivered to the President, who, attended by the grand master P. T. and three most worshipful masters, descended to the cavazion trench and deposed the plate and laid it on the corner stone of the Capitol of the United States of America. * * * “The President of the United States, and his attendant brethren, ascended from the cavazion to the east of the corner stone and there the Grand Master P. T., elevated on a triple rostrum, delivered an oration fitting the occasion. * * *" As 1 have said, Washington par- ticipated to the fullest extent in the exercises incident to the laying of the corner stone, but he did not lay or actually assist in laying the stone itself. He simply placed the engraved plate upon the stone. JOHN CLAGETT PROCTOR. Bryan’s Monument. To the Bdior of The Start Something has been said of a great monument to Bryan at Arlington. Let the monument be one of moderate cost and simple design, in keeping with the Commoner’'s own life and character, impressive as they were from their sublime simplicity. But let a memorial to Bryan the patriot, the Christian, the opponent of war and bloodshed—a ploneer in this regard, as in others—be erected by purely volun- tary subscriptions from his myriad disciples and admirers; some suitable liefs and his methods, but even those critics can join the Duluth Herald in saying: “Every one respected him, millions respected and honored him, and many millions respected, honored and loved him. He was one of the commanding figures of his time.” Nearly every newspaper in the United States has published a thought ful appreciation of Bryan’s life and character. Following brief ex cerpts from some of the notable com ments Raleigh News and Observer (Demo. cratie), published by Josephus Danieis —"“The story of Mr. Bryan's career is one of heroic achievement unsullied by selfishness and unworthy action, or ny thought except love for his fellow man and_devotion to the God he wor shiped with his whole heart. His life | has been a benediction to his country- | men and to the world.” e Atlanta Journal (Democratic)— illiam Jennings Bryan was not a great pol economist; he was not great diplomatist; he was not a great scholar, but he was a great man. For | 30 vears his career was one of well- | seless conflict under the gaze | of millions of e How remarkable that not once | 11 that stressful time he seen to falter in courage or Milwaukee Journal (independenti— | “The most loved man in American public life through a long generation. no man of our times except Theodore Roosevelt had so great a following New Haven Register (independent)— | ‘A useful life that will shine through the pages of American history as a beacon to all who would earn the re- spect of their kind and try to do the bidding he Master.” Roanoke World-News (Democratic)— “A man who loved his country and his people, who fought a good fight to the very end.” Manchester Union (independent Re. publica One of the great forces of his time. As a private citizen, as a power outside public office, no man in all our history quite approached him.” Dayton News (independent Demo cratic published by former Gov. James M. Cox—"Had William Je: nings Bryan known how to compro- mise his convictions he might have been President. This he could not do, | and it was because he could not do it that he left the cabinet of President Wilson, whose non ation and elec- tion he made possible by the defeat of Champ Clark.” incinnati Times-Star (Republican) “This will not be the same countr without William Jennings Bryan. Oth- ers have been more prominent for time and have accomplished a bigger work for the country, but Bryan, as a first-row figure in public life, outlasted them all.” | n. ¥ r ey St. Louis Post-Dispatch (independ- ent)—"In magnetism, in eloquence at his best and in his capacity to capti- vate great masses of men, it would be difficult to find in American history, at least, a greater poiitical figure.” New York Herald-Tribune (Repub- lican)—*“His relation to the Democratic party was singular and unique. Nor is there any Democrat in sight who promises to accumulate the party pre: tige and authority which Bryan long and so energetically execised. Fort Wayne Journal-Gazette (Demo- cratic)—"“American affairs without him must long have a vold whereof none can fail to be deeply sensible.” Indianapolis News (independent)— “There is no one that can take the place he occupied.” Altoona Mirror (independent)}—“It is not easy to believe that this man of such abounding vitality has ceased from earth. He was a great Ameri- can.” salt Lake City Deseret News (inde- pendent)—"He was one of the great men of America, one of the outstand- ing citizens of the world, and he la- bored unceasingly for the good of hu- manity.” Providence Journal (independent)— “His name has been spoken more oft-y en by more people, probably, than that of any other man of his generation. Newark NeWs (independent)— A picturesque and outstanding figure, one who was ‘almost’, and who might have been first had there been added to his great abilities more of thor- oughness, understanding and toler- ance.” Baltimore Sun (independent)—*Cer- tainly he had one of the outward signs of greatness—the power to inspire af- fection and hatred in great masses of people unknown to him_personally. He was like Wilson and Roosevelt in this respect.” o Louisville Courier (Democratic)— “One of the most remarkable careers of any American public man.” Passaic Herald _(independent)— “One generation produces few men with the personal magnetism and leadership of William Jennings Bryan.” Connellsville Courier—“His fame will be as secure as his memory will be revered, even by those who dif- peace foundation—say at Washington —the general plan and salient details to be decided on after conference among those closest to him in personal and idealistic sympathy while he was yet in the flesh. LLOYD T. EVERETT. That Everlasting Yearning. From the New York Herald-Tribune. ing their wage increase in 1917, as| Hoover wants to see trade bandits| This is the time of year when peo- compared with 1913, stood at 142.5.|jailed. There are assassins of char-|ple begin to look forward to the time m_L back frem The non-absorbing operators had an|acter and credit as well Ag slayers. index &L iba same Lo of Jike when they will be fered from him.” Trenton Times (independent)— “He died defending the Bible and the cause of religion. It was a fine way for the old crusader to finish. Des Maines Tribune-News (in- dependent Republican)—"There was something about him, taken alto- gether, that made him outstanding, that gave him the center of every stage he appeared on. Behind the Bryan personality was the splendid character of the man.” Seattle Times (independent Re- publican)—“What he believed, he be- Uaved, a¥ith all the sirepsth gf his 1l the Omaha No crusader was more 7 causes which he espoused World-Herald (independ ent) published hy Formed Senatc Hitchcock—"It is a veteran, grizzled and scarred, who has gone in pes at last to his long rest A veterar whose devotion to his cause, what ever it might be, was never eaten by the worm of doubt, never disturbed by the unnerving ability to see the other side of the shield against which his unsparing spear was di- rected.’ Philadelphia_Bulletin Republican)—"Tk paralleled continuance prominence was in his hold of the emotions wom by the fervor of h Jersey Journal (ind publican)—"It was his h in the role of crusad mple faith which he had nce his youth, and to ever remained loyal * New York Evenin ent)—"It may be that would have chosen to go—with the din of shields about him and t ker of stabbing spears over L closing eyes. Taking him ail in all may be that this generation will neve look upon his like in (independent secret of his un in politica power to lay f men fight ent n & Re ppy fate to (independ he went as he Wheeling Intelligencer (Republicar —“Let us hope that his eves have ready opened to the glories of ti eternal morning, in which he was the firm and devout believer, and of which he was the most militant cham pion Worcester Telegram (Republican} And the angeél must write of him what was written of Abou Ben Adhen at he loved his fellow men.’ pringtield (Mass.) Republican (ir dependent—"He usually had a clea conception of right and wrong, “and } natural approach to all great que: political or economic, was lines. His et outlook 1 was_tempered by g sympathy with the less nd the oppressed.” tior ethical political ac deep flowi fortunate Atlantic City Press (independent) ‘America profits exceedingly by hi rich and active Columbus ¢ te Journal (Re publican) — “It is for his eloquen preaching that Mr. Bryan will be re membered most widely Portland Oregon Jo (independ ent)—"The mind that formed the opir ions of perhaps more people than ha that of any other private citizen w ever lived in this country.” Kansas City Journal-Post (indepen ent Republican)—"Whether it is Bryar in his heyday or Bryan in his decline which the historians write about, th will agree that he was sincere ik Philadelphia - Public Ledger pendent)—"It may be that no ever had better intentions. He himself up to his causes Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch (independ ent Democratic)—The country lost a great character—a great Amer can, whose spirit will go on and on Harrisburg Telegraph (Republican —“Bryan alive was a big man in his day. Bryan dead is likely to become even bigger.” New York World (i cratic)—*We would ad: a man who had and held the sincera support of so large a part of the American people, to a leader whose i dependent Demo tribute t fluence upon his time was wide and deep and will not be forgotten Richmond News-Leader (independ ent Democratic)- r. Bryan's out standing characteristics were those of the orator and the evangelist. His | gifts were eloquence, emotion, per- sonal magnetism and piety."” Chicago Daily News (independent ) “His sincerity and his gift of elo quence would have taken him far as a statesman if they had been joined with a logical mind and a thirst for broad knowledge.” New Orleans ITtem (independent Democratic)— ‘A powerful, resourceful and persistent contender is removed from the field.” Oklahoma City Times (Democratic) _“Defeat could not still his voice in the councils of his party. nor shake the devotion of some millions of his countrymen.” The Denver Post (independent)—"“At the crucial time he was 100 much the visionary to make effective the power of his host.” Oakland Tribune (Republican) “William Jennings Bryan always stood proudly facing his enemies. He sincere in his convictions, convinced that he was right.” * ok k% Birmingham News (independent Democratic) — “Unquestionably the Commoner's principal claim to gre: ness must lie in the fact that he was a Main street man. He appealed to the average American’s conception of democratic equality.” San Francisco Bulletin (independent) —History is not likely to acclaim Mr. Bryan highly. He was a_man of own time rather than of any other time. His influence upon the political life of the country, while notable, was never decisive.” Houston Chronicle (independent) “There were -those who deemed him at times erratic, and some who radi cally antagonized him in opinion, but no fairminded man ever questioned his _honesty of conviction, and he walked so uprightly that truth could not and ridicule dared not assail him.” Lynchburg News (independent Demo cratic—“A remarkable man, one of the great men of his day and genera- tion, who sometimes said and did some very foolish things, and sometimes said and did some inexplicable things, died Sunday.” Nashville Banner (independent)— *He belongs to history with Webster, Clay, Calhoun and Blaine, all of whom eagerly sought the presidency, all of whom loomed high in their times, all of whom had tremendous following, and all of whom falled to reach thef