Evening Star Newspaper, July 27, 1925, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. MONDAY.. ..July 27, 19825 THEODORE W. NOYES. Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: . 11th St and Penpsyly New York Office: 110 East 420 . Chicags Office . Tower Building. European Oftice: 18 R‘flfll‘!ll St.. London, Fnglan with_the Sunday morn- The Evening Iox edition. 15 aeliverad by carrirs within 1ha city at 60 cents per month: laily only. 45 cente “Der mo inday only. 20 cents ey e sent By mail o telephone Main 5000 Collection is made by carrier at the end of each month. Rate b{ Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. e =2 ally only : Sunday only .. All Other States. Paily and Sunday. $10.00: 1 mo.. Daily only .. $700: 1mo. Sunday only is exclusively entitled ication of all news dis Patches credited to it or not otherwise c ited in this paper and also the local news published herein. _All rights of publication ©f apecial dispatches herein are als rved. William Jennings Bryan. William Jennings Bryan's death shocks the people of the United States. He was the impersonation of vigor, mental and physical, and though his intimates knew that he was not in perfect health there was no indication of a breakdown or any imminence of danger. Doubtless if he had chosen the time and place of his passing Mr. Bryan would have selected Dayton, Tenn., and the days following the evolution trial for his departure from this life. For he had just engaged in & work which represented to him the maxi- mum of his belief. That work was not finished. No man can foresee its end. Estimates of the character and the services of Willlam Jennings Bryan vary widely according to the view- point of the individual. To many Americans he was a champion of the greatest of human rights. To othershe was a political opportunist. To many he was a shrewd investor in popular approval and support through his dealings in specious economics. Bryan had exceptional gifts. He had first of all an oratorical power rarely equaled in modern life. He had a magnetic personality which commanded attention and {interest and which carried conviction. He had 2 dramatic quality that enabled him to sway multitudes. He was not a profound student, not a deep thinker, not in the truest sense a philosopher. He erred in his judgment, as in that pertaining to the economic issue of 1896 and later, the issue of free silver. But his espousal of the cause of bimetall made him one of the outstanding fis- ures in American history. He is and will be always remembered as a cham- pion of free coinage when earlier and older advocates of that theory of finance, such as Bofes and Bland and Weaver, have been completely for- gotten. It is a mooted question whether the “crown of thorns” speech at Chicago in 1896 was a deliberate bid for the Democratic nomination. There is no question, however, that it won the nomination for the young Nebraskan. Tt solved the problem of the Demo- cratic party, divided in its alleglance between veterans of bimetalism, and enabled that party to present the most unified front possible in the cam- paign under a leadership such as it had not known since the days of An- drew Jackson. Bryan's defeats for the presidency were inevitable. No men could have won the office as advocate of the causes he espoused. But it was al- lotted to Bryan that he should lead not only one, but two and three cam- establishing record that probably will remain unapproached in our political history. A man who could thus destroy precedent and re- main in the front rank of his party despite successive defeats was un- questionably a rare personality. The career of Willlam Jennings Bryan will be the subject of research and discussion by historlans and po- litical analysts. The fact that in his latter days he left the political for the religious arena will not confuse judgments upon Bryan as a factor in American partisanship and economic history. As to his part in the contest of beliefs which so recently centered at Davton, judgment will be withheld until that contest climaxes in the ul- timate le ston It is unfort at did not survive long enough to over- ubsequent deliverances and the unfavorable opinion regarding him caused by his appear- ance on the witness stand in the Day- ton trial. Je had just begun a new crusade and had remained at Dayton 1o deliver c of his eloguent ad. dresses on Christian fundamentalism. He doubtless looked forward eagerly to the opportunity to the people of this country on this par- ticular subject, as he had spoken countless times in the past on a wide range of topics. So passes a remarkable man, with- eut an equal in American history for a nate to speak versatility, for popularity, for suc- vess through failure. He has left a deep impress upon the American mind. Ir his personal life he has been = sntning example of uprigin- ness and good citizenship. Whatever his qualities, he has undoubtedly, dur- ing the past thirty years, made Amer- fea think. A T There is a widespread disposition to sidetrack the study of political econ- omy and substitute biology. e Bryan and the Democracy. A question has arisen whether the passing of William Jennings Bryan will have any political effect. Coming 50 soon after the deaths of Senators La Follette and Ladd, leaders of North- western progressivism, there is a cer- tain significance in this third demise, of one who stood for much of the same political faith, though in another party. In the Democratic convention of 1924 at Madison Square Garden Bryan played a rather impotent part until the very climax, when, through | mander and his subordinate officers tion, the Governor of Nebraska, his own brother, was nominated for the vice presidency. Those who had felt that Bryan was “down and out” as a political factor were surprised by this proof that there was still a “Bryan following” in the party. Though twenty-eight years had passed since he gained his own first nomination, and sixteen years since his third cam- paign, he still exerted an influence upon his party. But the selection of Gov. Bryan at the instance of his brother William proved to be a blunder. It handicapped Mr. Davis from the outset. It placed William Jennings Bryan in a difficult position. He hed denounced Davis at the convention before the nomination as a representative of capitalism, as a corporation lawyer. With his brother added to the ticket he became its sup- porter. In this equivocal position he went through the campaign with un- doubtedly of prestige, and it may be questioned whether if he had survived to attend the convention of 1928 he would have exerted any marked influence there. In the readjustment in progressiv- ism in the Northwest Bryan would hardly have been a factor. He had removed from that region and had be- come a citizen of Florida, was, in fact, an aspirant for the senatorial nomina- tion in that State. He had ceased to be a leader of dissentients. The “‘Bryan Democrats” were not in the same category as the “La Follette Republicans.” They always have re- mained within their party as a group. Some of them may have become *‘pro- gressives” in a third-party relation during recent years, but once they passed over into third partyism they were no longer Bryanites. So it is al- together unlikely that Bryan's death will cause any shift or change. The next political convention will be lack- ing one of the most interesting per- sonalities in the political arena, but the problems that now face that party will be no nearer solution through his absence. a loss The Coal Strike Menace. President Coolidge is maintaining a characteristically sane attitude in the face of the possibility of a strike tn the anthracite coal fields at the end of next month. He Is represented as anxious over the failure of negotia- tors at Atlantic City to make prog- ress, but as not despairing that an agreement will be reached. He very wisely concludes that any interfer- ence by him at this stage of the pro- ceedings would do more harm than good, so he is keeping hands off. This does not mean that he is not pre- pared to act with vigor and decision when the necessity arises. It means simply that he has desire neither to make political capital for himself nor to bring about the political explosion which might result from presidential interference. It is Mr. Coolidge's idea that politics has no proper role to play in this industrial dispute and that it shall be kept out of the equa- tion. There is much talk about an extra session of Congress in event the mine owners and miners fail to agree and production of hard coal is suspended. There always is talk about an extra session of Congress whenever there is a like emergency, but it is to be doubted if President Coolidge has any such program seriously in mind His character and record justify be- lief that he would exhaust all other resources before asking Congress for authority to take over and operate the mines. It is true he has now no legal powers which he could invoke to keep the mines in operation, but he has moral powers, which, sup- ported as they would be by an almost unanimous public opinion, might well prove more effective than any man- date written into statutes. It is not expected that Mr. Coolidge would do anything spectacular. But what he does do is likely to be more effective because of the absence of the spectacular. And it is possible even that he would be in a position to act more effectively because of the absence of specific authority in law. It is a psychological fact that the unknown is always more dreaded than the known, and the very in- definiteness of the authority which can be wielded by the President of the United States is calculated to put fear into the hearts of offenders. Just now the public can best con- bute to a solution of the problem refusing to get panic-stricken Supplies of anthracite in the hands of dealers and in the bins of con- sumers are above normal and, be- the public has learned a great in recent years about the use of substitute fuels. Even if anthracite mining is suspended for a period after September 1, it is a long way t to cold weather. ————— The Maccabees re-elected their com- and recorded & unanimous indorse- ment of his policles. No demonstration has been more harmonious since the Republican conventfon at ‘Cleveland, Ohio. ——————— European statesmen maintain a consistent attitude in always favoring disarmament for somebody else. ————— The Real Traffic Evil. It s announced that the Amerfcan Automobile Assoclation, alarmed by the _frequency of motor accidents, which are taking a heavy toll of life in this country, is planning a cam- paign of public education to com- bat the evil of recklessness on the road. No details are forthcoming as to the precise means by which this crusade against the tragic tendency of drivers is to be conducted. By what- ever methods it is to be pushed, how- ever, it must go far geographically. For the evil is Nation-wide. Every- where motor cars are being driven at death-inviting paces and incompetent persons are driving them. At the root of this evil is the ease with which people are enabled to se- cure licenses to manipulate motor cars. They may pass certain rudi- mentary tests in the mechanical man- agement of the clutch, the brake, the accelerator and the steering wheel. Un- der guidance of licensing officers they run their cars at legal speeds through his inflyence and almoest at his diotar lcity trafic and are pronounced com- r petent. But once away from the re- straint of the law in the persons of the testing police they show their un- fitness to handle a car capable of Killing speed. No matter how technically correct the answers given to the formal ques- tions of the licensing examination may be, there are elements that are often missing in the survey of the applicant for a driver’s license. How will he act in an emergency? Has he the quick- ness of judgment to enable him to avoid a collision? Has he the precision of vision to enable him to see danger and to avold it? TIs he afflicted with the speed mania? Can he be depended upon not to take a chance at a grade crossing? Is he endowed with the common sense which controls his nerves and his 1 lish for speed? Most traffic fat: ities are the result of somebody’s recl.less speeding. Only rarely does the failure of a part of a machine cause an accident. The vic- tim is either himself a speeder, rush- ing over the road in frantic haste, or else is hit by such a speeder, indif- ferent to the rights of others. If all motor cars were run at reasonable speeds in all conditions, in city and in country, the number of accidents would diminish to e negligible per- centage of the traflic. It will be, perhaps, impossible for the American Automobile Assoclation or any other agency to educate the motor drivers of this country out of the speed habit. Such & work as it may undertake as proposed will ac- complish some good, of course, and should be prosecuted vigorously. But the most effective work will be in the cancellation of the licenses of those who persistently break the rules of the road, and the refusal of licenses to those who cannot prove their capac- ity to handle dangerous machines capable of causing death through mis- management and abuse. The traffic problem is the most seri. ous one today in the United States. Traffic fatalities are taking a con- stantly higher toll in town and coun- try. Cities are confronted by no more difficult questions than those that re- late to traffic management. The true solution of this problem lies in a more rigid inquiry into the fitness of per- sons to operate motor cars. Mrs. Helen H. Gardener. In the death of Mrs. Helen H. Gardener, United States Civil Serv- ice commissioner, the Federal service loses a valuable officfal. Mrs. Gar- dener's appointment was one of the first to place a woman in office and was the cause at the time of much skeptical comment. She fully justi- fled her selection, however, display ing a rare degree of executive ability and of judgment in difficult situa- tions. Mrs. Gardener's official posi- tion has in late years somewhat dis- tracted attention from her writings. She was a gifted author and made numerous valuable contributions to American literature. Her personal graces endeared her to all with whom she was associated and who had the pleasure of her friendship and ac- quaintance. e Scientists are immutable in the opin- ion that evolution cannot be stopped by an effort to remind the lower types of life that it s against the law. — e Fishermen have found a splendid ancient Greek statue off the coast of Marathon—if you can believe the tales that fishermen tell. —_——— If a teacher is to be held responsible for what he teaches it might be only reasonable to permit him to write his own text book. R — The Riffs continue to demonstrate the amount of trouble that can be made by an obstinate and unreason- able minority. ———ee— In Iowa the election was interesting, but the real suspense is concentrated in the recount. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Earth’s New Edition. The waste baskets yawn For stuff that proves punk; For phrases long drawn And thought poorly thunk; As Old Father Time, An editor grim, Finds things, once ‘“‘sublime’ Mean nothing to him. The language so pat, The theories strange Grow feeble and flat. We long for a change. Oblivion walts For fame that has gone. For names and for dates The waste baskets yawn. Prepared. “What do you think about the story of Jonah and the big fish’ “I shall not permit myself to be drawn directly into the discussion,” sald Senator Sorghum. “If en effort is made to hold me responsible for an opinion I shall proceed immediately to refer the correspondence to the Fish Commission.” ‘The Wave Screen. “Mother, may I go out to swim?” “Yes, my daughter charming. The clothes you wear are so small and trim To stay out would be alarming."” Jud Tunkins says monkeys haven't any sense. If they had they'd shift the argument from the classroom and call for an athletic test on the campus. ‘When Controversy takes command Of mortals Here Below, The more you try to understand, The less you seem to know. Surprises. “Are you mot surprised at some of the costumes at the seashore?” “No,” answered Miss Cayenne. “No- body in our family is surprised at cos- tumes any more, excepting father ‘when the bills come in. “Whut's de use of argufyin’ 'bout whether de world is round or flat?” said Uncle Eben. “Rent’s is gineter be jes’ as high one Wey as de other.” 2 THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGT( THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. “Man is an animal that loves con- templation,” says our friend, Epicte- tus, Roman slave and philosopher. ‘The more one thinks of this defini- tlon, the more he likes it, since it sets forth one of the cardinal tralts of our kind, self-consclous reflection, which no other animal possesses. The more one reads Epictetus, the more he likes the old fellow. He is harder reading than his tellow Stoic at the other end of the scale, the Emperor Marcus Aurelius, but this is largely due to the form in which he is printed. In practically all his editions his “Discourses” are set forth in great solid paragraphs pages long, so that his questions and answers are diffi- cult to follow. This old ethical philosopher could be popularized simply by printing him in larger form, his discourses broken up into short paragraphs. Probably more so than any of the old Greek or Roman writers, Epictetus has an almost modern ‘style,” and this came about because he was, in fact, not a writer at all! He never wrote a line, all his “literary remains” having been set down by his pupll and friend, Arrian. Stenographers ought to be interested in this, for Arrian must have used some form of shorthand. The “Discourses,” by reason of their short sentences, and somewhat dis- Jointed thought-flow, bear every in- ternal evidence of authenticity, so that it seems to have been impossible for Arrian to have taken them down in longhand. He must have used some forerun- ner of our moderen shorthand, in or- der to jot down some of the snappy sentences of Epictetus, such the one which begins this article. o A modern writer got a tremendous reputation by declaring, “The way to learn to write is to write.” Epictetus, however, beat him to that thought by some 2,000 years, when he said: “If you would be a good reader, read: {f a writer, write.” Plenty of “punch” and “snap” in that, is there not? French brevity could go no further. This condensed sentence, packed with wisdom (sometimes called the wisdom of the ancients, but in reality also the wisdom of the moderns, too), is taken from the section, “How We Should Struggle Against Appear- ances,” in the “Discourses.” It really | constitutes a chapter on ‘“Habi Epictetus says: “Every faculty and habit is main- tained and increased by the cor- responding actions: the habit of walk- ing by walking, the habit of running by running. “It you would be a good reader, read; if a good writer, write. ““When you shall not have read for 30 days in succession, but have done | something else, you will know the consequences:” Undoubtedly reading aloud. “In the same Way, if you shall have lain down 10 days, get up and at-| tempt to make a long walk, and you | will see how your legs are weakened. “Generally, then, if you would make anything a habit, do it; if you would not make it a habit, do not do it, but accustom yourseif to something else in place of it.” It is still surprising how good this old, bromidic advice is, after all these | centuries. Some profess to sneer at the obvious, but certainly there is nothing we need to be reminded of more than the thoughts we know the best. We know them so well, indeed, that we tend to despise them! % “So it is with respect to the affec. tions of the soul,” continues Epictetus. | “When yvou have been angry, vou must know that not only has this evil! Epictetus spoke of befallen you, but that you have also increased the habit, and in a manner thrown fuel upon the fire It Epictetus had lived today, prob- ably he would have sald it was like “giving your engines five new gallons of gas.' “In this manner, also, diseases of the mind grow up,” continues the Roman, with surprising apprehension of the theories of James and other psychologlsts. “When you have once desired money, if reason be applied to lead to a perception of the evil, the desire is stopped, and the ruling faculty of our mind is restored to the original au- thority. “But if you apply no means of cure, it no longer returns to the same state, but being again excited by the corresponding appearance, it is in- flamed to desire quicker than before. When this takes place continually, it is henceforth made callous, and the disease of the mind confirms the love of money. “For he who has had a fever and has been relfeved from it, is not in the same state that he was before, unless he has been completely cured.” (Mod- rn medicine will uphold this; scarlet fever, for instance, almost invariably leaves kidney or other trouble.) “Something of the kind happens also in diseases of the soul,” continues Epictetus. “Certain traces and blisters are left in it, and unless a man shall com- pletely efface them, when he is again lashed on the same place, the lash will not_produce blisters, but sores. “If, then, you wish not to be of an angry temper, do not feed the habit. ‘Throw nothing on it which will increase it. “At first keep quiet, and count the days on which you have not been angry. “I used to be in a passion every day; then every second day; then ry third, then every fourth. “But if you have intermitted 30 days, make a sacrifice to God." * ¥ ok ¥ When such base “appearances” tempt one, Epictetus declares, either €0 as a suppliant to your church, or resort to the society of noble and just men, and compare yourself with them whether vou find one who is living or dead. “But in the first place,”” he warns, “be not hurried away by the rapidity of the appearance, but say, “Appear- ances, wait for me a little; let me see who vou are, and what you are about, let me put you to the test. “Do not ailow the appearance (temp- tation) to lead you on and draw lively pictures of the things which will fol low; for if you do, it will carry you off wherever it pleases. Rather bring in to oppose it some | beautiful and noble appearance, and cast out this base imagination. “If you are accustomed to be exer- cised in this way, you will see what shoulders, sinews, what strensth you have. This is the true athlete, the man who exercises himself against such appearances. Stay, wretch, do not be carried away “Great is the combat, divine is the work; it is for kingship, for freedom, for happiness. “Remember God; call on Him as a helper and protector, as men at sea call on the Dioscuri in a storm. for what greater storm is there than that which comes from appear- ances which are violent, and drive away the reason? 1 e is the storm but an ap- “Take away the fear of death, and suppose as many thunders and light ni; s you please, and vou will know “ t calm and serenity there is in ruling faculty. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. . COLLINS. Word comes from Swampscott, | Mass., that President Coolidge has determined to undertake to procure | more_effective legislation for combat- ing the drug habit in the United States. Sharp criticism has been pub- lished concerning the alleged futility | of American action at the Geneva | opium conference, where it was | hoped some form of international | control of the produciton of opium and {ts various derivatives would be agreed upon, but no such agreement was reached. The League of Nations' health com- | mittee states that the world's legiti- mate annual use of opium for med- | icinal and sclentific purposes is tons. India alone produces 1,000 tons, | and China, Persia and other Asiatic | countries make up a total of 2500 | more tons. The world produces fi times as much as it legitimately uses; the excess brings more misery and crime than all the alcoholic drinks that have been so justly de- nounced and against whose continued use the United States Government has set its strongest forces. * ¥ o ok Anti-prohibitionists are prone to point to the increase of the drug evil in America since the passage of the Volstead law, but it is claimed by high authority that there is no con- nection between the drug habit and alcohol. Since the first public appre- hension of the evils of oplates became manifest in 1913, five vears before the prohibition amendment, one might as well connect it with the outbreak of the World War or the defeat of the Republican party or the Ohio flood, as to attribute it to the suppression of the saloon. Judge William McAdoo, chief city magistrate of New York City, states that he has dealt with thousands of cases of addicts. “After the prohi- bition law went into effect,” s Judge McAdoo, “I especially inquired if the addicts had been hitherto ac- customed to the use of alcoholic drink. Contrary to the general im- pression, they have almost invariably | replied in the negative—that is, there was no connection, apparently, be- tween the difficulty in getting alco- holic drinks and the taking of nar- cotic drugs.” Nor is the general impression cqr- rect, says Judge McAdoo, that many cases are the result of doctors’ pre- scribing narcotics to relieve great pain. Such instances do occur, but they are comparatively rare. The larger number of addicts start be- cause of the pleasure of the early doses, thelr stimulation In cases of fatigue, especially at all-night dances, where young men find themselves ex hausted while noting that rivals for the favor of their ladies appear vi- vacious through the long hours of dissipation. Some friend offers re- lief from a whiff of the opiate, heroin or “snow,” and they find all feeling of exhaustion quickly gone. The treatment is repeated and, perhaps, within one week, or within an aston- 1shingly short period, the drug fastens itself upon them and addicts are formed. Ninety-eight per cent of the addicts of New York are young men under 30 years of age; only a few are wom- en, and they, too, are young. Those who begin under 30 years may survive for years as slaves to the torturous drug. So long as they can get a sup- ply they may deceive for years even their intimate assoclates, but the grip ever increases its hold until madness or death results. Drunkenness cannot be so concealed. Opium or heroin | mainly causes its victims to lose all sense of self-respect and makes them adepts in concealment, deprives them of every gompunction of conscience in deceiv- ing thelr closest and loved friends and family in order to procure more self- indulgence. * ok ¥ x ority declares that there is edication that will cure High a no known |an addict. Cures are effected in early stages of addiction, but they must come through the patient's own will power and autosuggestion; they can. | | not come through antidote medication. Physicians may ald in such cures, through their moral suasion and mental treatment while gradually reducing the dose allowed, but no trustworthy doctor claims that he can do more than aid the patient to cure himself by bracing his will gainst his passion and weakness. According to a survey by the United States Treasury made in 1919, there are a million addicts in this country— ome estimates, taking into account the secretiveness of the addicts, put the total number at nearly 4,000,000— one out of every 25 or 30 people, counting all ages. They are marching hopelessly toward torture, loss of will, loss of self-respect, loss of love for everything except the drug which is killing them It is not to save them that legisla- tion can offer hope; it is not them that international pacts can protect. It is to stop the supply of the drug— the 2,500 or 3,000 tons excess beyond legitimate needs—that international safeguards would be set up so as to make it harder for the fiends who prey on the nonaddict at the all-night pleasure resorts to get the poison with which, for profit, they kill body and soul. * k% % The channels through which heroin and opiates are distributed to addicts are by depraved physicians who sell prescriptions for the sake of the fees, no matter what is the condition of the patient, and wholesale peddlers Wwho employ agents—often little girls and boys—to peddle it to whoever will b The Ameriean Medical Soclety condemns the giving of any prescriptions for opium enabling the addict to fill it at a drug store. Often the addict gets numerous prescrip- tions by using fictitious names and applying to several physicians. The society recommends that physicians administer the dose themselves, in. stead of prescribing. Heroin, which has become the com- mon form within the last 10 years, is three times as powerful as morphine. Over 70 per cent of addicts use heroin; but heroin is forbidden in all hospitals and all medical preparations; it has no legitimate use anywhere, according to the United States Health Service and the Army and Navy syrgeons general. * ok ok % The first step toward abating the evil was instituted by the United States in an international conference at Shanghal in 1909, but it failed be- cause the resolutions adopted could not bind the producers. The Hague conference in the Winter of 1911-1912 failed because only 12 nations espond- ed. The second Hague conference, in 1913, failed (although 34 nations par- ticipated) because Great Britain and Germany refused to ratify the agree- ment after accepting the treaty “in principle.” The fourth Hague con- ference, in 1914 (with 43 nations repre- sented), failed because Turkey, Greece and Serbia, though in favor of the law, were against its enforcement upon themselves as producers or ‘manufacturers. Then, through the World War, the League of Nations in 1919 fell heir to the opium problem. Many hearings and conferences through the advisory opium committee have taken place at Geneva, in which the United States bas besn an active perticlpent A What Next in Radio? BY J. G. HARBORD. |, Since the first thrilling days, already in the misty past, when the wireless amateur working with a crude crystal set received through the air the faint whisperings of the human voice and the weak tinkle of instru- mental music broadcast from experi- mental stations, the public has not ceased to expect further wonders from radio. First came the radiotron—the modern vacuum tube—to revolutionize reception, and the faint whisper swelled into a volume of sonorous sound that filled the home with music There followed the development of the superheterodyne and other estab- lished circuits, and ‘distance” was annihilated. Chicago was on tap in New York at the turn of a dial. The antipodes were brought to the center of the earth. All the World in Touch. The thought that radio might carry not only sound, but sight, was fol- lowed by demonstrations of radio photographic transmission, with its prophetic promise of television And now superpower has brought world-wide broadcasting clearly within our reach. Before long the music of London, Paris or Berlin will become regular entertainment in the Ameri- can home. We have been fed by radio on a diet of miracles. But the day has come when the great service which radio has brought to the home should be organized and developed upon a permanent basis Such service is more than the de- velopment of recieving apparatus to the utmost possible refinement. It involves more than the erection of powerful broadcasting stations whose volces might penetrate to every home in the country. No means of communication known to man can reach a vaster audience than radio broadcasting. What cul- tural opportunities does such a sys- tem of communication offer? One volce from one broadcasting station, can reach greater multitudes than packed the ancient amphitheaters of Greece or Rome. It {s a question which deserves the most serlous con sideration of the country's leading educators. It is a problem of common uplift which the philanthropic genius of the country cannot afford to ignore To Make Better Americans. The experience of the last war brought foreibly before the country the need of a policy of America zation. How might an effective pro- gram of Americanization through radio broadcasting be organized and inaugurated? It is a problem which might well be studied by our states- men and publicists. The newspaper was first to en- vision the possibilities of radio broad- sting. To what further extent can radio supplement the splendidly or- ed service by the newspapers to the American home? Radio has struck the bedrock of fundamental development. It is now entering an era of stablization, The industry s taking solid form. But the possibilities for service which the new art of broadcasting brings into view are far from exhausted. It is a service that calls for the contri- bution of the best thought of the country, German Critics See A Decline in Music The annual meeting of the General German Music Association has just been held in Kiel, where the presence of all Germany’s responsible musical critics at performances arranged to give the younger generation of Ger- man composers a fair and judicial hearing, means that their repor be taken seriously as an i of what is going on in the German musical world today. The return of these critics to the cities, where their work lies, has been followed by a large number of exceed- ingly pessimistic articles extraordi- similar in feeling and ten The highest meed of praise has been awarded to a young man aged 21, Kurt Thomas, whose “Op. 1" was written two yvears ago. This is a mass in A minor for four solo voices and two choirs, church music of an exceedingly beautiful kind, whose originality it is unanimously agreed lies in the fact that the young com- poser does not strive to be different, but actually is different, in spirit to his fellows. While Thomas has aimed at, and obtained, beauty, other young men of his age are accused of wor- shiping at the shrine of complete ugliness. Coffee Planters Hide Profits, Papers Charge Responsibility for the dearth paper money that has been embarras ing Brazil is laid at the door of the coftee planters of Sao Paulo by the newspapers of Rio Janeiro, some charging that the planters are making so much money through the high prices for their product that they are afraid to bank it and are hoarding it While it is probable that this attack is inspired by politics, there are interest- ing points that may throw light on the high prices for coffee. O Jornal of Rio Janeiro, which has semi-govern- mental inspirations at times, charges that the production of a sack of coffee does not cost the planters more than $6 gold, while they are recelving for it $18. Multiplying this alleged profit on one sack by 9,000,000—the number of sacks in an average crop—shows the profits of the industry, according to O Jornal. The new Brazil income t law may have something to do also with the hoarding of money by wealthy plantes The number of Brazilian: who have filed income tax schedules is surprisingly low. of Realizing the Proverb. From the Cleveland Plain Dealer. Colorado reports a mountain that moves. Its objective is not stated, but in the absence of other data we must suppose that it is on its way to Mahomet. Voluminous stgtistics have been gathered, but no real restrictive steps have been taken, for the diplomats of the nations interested in the opium trade have been able to defeat all real measures to regulate or restrict the evil. * ok k% The greatest sufferer in the world is the United States. Italy consumes 1 grain per capita, annually; Germany 2 “grains, Great Britain 8 grains, France 4 grains and America 36 grains. We pity degenerate KEast India, yet it uses only 27 grains per capita. The per capita in the United States has increased 5 grains since the pas- sage of the Harrison narcotic restric. tive measure in 1914, and no legisla- tion appears to stop the continued increase. If the 36 grains per capita were administered by physicians to the population of the country it would be sufficlent to put the entire people into unconsciousness and keep them there 29 days out of every year. Our increased use in the last decade equals the total used in Germany and Great Britain. There s no heroin addict who is not a potential criminal of the most dangerous type. Heroin changes a mere misdemeanant into a desperado. It largely accounts for the shameful record of our leadership in crime, in cluding murders, so astoundingly be- yond all other civilized nations. AQegurishte 3025 b sl X, Collinad l States graduated students taki courses by radio?—M. G. A. Kansas claims the first radio commencement in history. The Kan sas Agricultural College sent invi tlons this year to 1,800 “aggies of the air” (students enrolled in courses con ducted by radio) to attend this notable event in” person. Q. Is the wheat crop of the world greater or emaller this year than last>—I. L. H. A. The Department of Agriculture says that offictal forecasts and esti mates of the wheat crop in 13 coun- tries received to date show 1 4, 000.000 bushels, as compared h 1,955,000,000 bushels in the same es last ar. Q. Where and when was “Caval leria Rusticana” first presented?— T A. This opera, by Mascagni first produced in Rome May 17 and in New York in October, 1591 was 90, Q. What are the three fastest fi birds?—H. A. B A. The American Shotgun gives the following table of flights of birds Canvasback duck, 130 to 160 feet per second, average, 145; greenwing teal, 100 to 130 feet per second. average. 115, and bluewing teal, 120 to 140 feet per second, average, 130 Q. Are there any woman boxers? —H. D. L. A. There have been a number of women who were ambitious 3 recognized in this sport. As es a daily paper in Londo the following challenge: “I. Wilkinson of Clerkenwell, ha some words with Hannah Hyfield, a requiring satisfaction, do invite to meet me upon the stage and box me for three guineas, each wom holding half a crown in each hand and the first woman that drops the money to lose the battle.” The an swer to this was: “I, Hannah Hyfield of Newgate Market, hearing of the resoluteness of Llizabeth Wilkinson, more blows than words—des home blows, and from her no favor; she may expect a good thumping. Q. Please describe’ the netic ship Carnegie—H. B. A. This ship is built entire! wood, brass and copper, all non-ma netic materials. The timbers in the hull are fastened with bronze spikes and bolts. The rigging is of hemp, the cook stoves are of brass and cop- per and the anchors of bronze. The Carnegie was launched in 1909 and has made six cruises covering about 202,000 miles. She h: circumnavi s. s gated the globe three til Where is the oldest tree in the BB st known tree world, according to the Missouri tanical Bulletin, is a bald cypress growing in Santa Maria del - Mexico. It is about 125 feet in cir cumference and from 4,000 to 6,000 years old. Q. world?—L. A. The ol in ‘Q. Who was Lincoln's manager at Chicago?—C. O. David Davis of the eighth judi- cial district. campaign Q. What s th of the hyacinth The god Apollo o playing quoits accident acinthus, a beautiful youth of whom he was extremely fond, and who w his constant companion. The t says that after the discus had bee thrown by Apollo and had struck t ground it rebounded with great stri and instantly kill greatly grieved IS orde: 3 morphosed him into the flower which his name. The blood which wed from the great wound in vacinthus' forehead, staining the herbage, instantly became a plant bearing a flower of a beautiful hue. lower levels at the rate of $ feet pe: minute. nary raindrop, so that it takes but a slight ascending current of air to keep such moisture floati Q. Who owned Monticello before it was acquired b rial Found=tios M. G. ongressman priv Jefferson te owner ®Tributes in the American press to the genius and self-sacrifice of the British scientists reported to have iso- lated the cancern germ are accom- tt such ping too much importance to announcements or interpreting diseast Dr. William E. G: nard, and the ac published in the Lancet, w cabled to the United States and the rest of the world. Some of the fore- most authorities in this country im- mediately took the position that as the isolated germ was from a chicken tumor, nothing material had been learned to affect ting theorles re. garding cancer. Iditorial writers re- ceived the news with reservation even before the scientific comment was avallable. ve and Dr. J. R. Bar- * X% “The step as described by the . cet and acknowledged by the scientists of Great Britain does not mean a ‘cure,’ " the Brooklyn Eagle declares. “For the present cancer sufferers must do as well as they can with the present agencies of surgery.” Nothing new is available to them or to_the physicians in whom they trust. It is pleasant to feel that energetic scien- tists are sure to keep working for a serum. It is pleasant to know that they will not be hampered by lack of funds. But popular misunderstand- ings of the slow development of sclentific knowledge are always to be guarded against, especlally in a fleld where empiricism has been as active as in this one.” “So many unfounded reports of progress toward the cure of cancer have been made Wwithin the last few years that it is natural to view any new announcement with skepticism,” says the Albany News, but “the re- port from London of discovery of the germ that causes this most dreaded disease at least s encouraging. If the germ has been discovered, that is a long step, and the rest should be a matter of time and research.’ The Springfield Union is also of the opin- fon that the public has justly become suspicious of reported cancer cures, although noting that the anmounce- ment from England is more plausible than most have been on this subject. * Kk K In the opinion of the Boston Tran- script, “the most that can be said about the discoveries with regard to the cause of cancer is that they are evidently of great importance, and that they promise a marked advance townrd the solution of the mystery of will not fail, God willing, to give her | ng | non-mag- ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Q. Has any college in the United|of the estate. Average cloud droplets are | but 1-8,000,000 of the size of an_ ordi- | the Jefferson Memo- | Information Burcau, Fre panied by notes of caution against|€ | them as heralding cures of the dread | 20d, Discovery of the germ is credited to | tific procedure in adv | ount of thelr work, | o 2 s promptly |one of the most b: i He inherited it fron Commodore Uriah P. Len his uncle, How does the ( in the data upo: based?—H. D. T It a field -nds work rs of the Unite Of the 1,7 fssue all Q obs are ical Surv its report which ex its corn, ka. ha 1879, inve en; Q. Why doesn’t the furniture {r try assume the same Pprope other countries that it } ner ica?—A. G. § A. The cabinet shop is in most foreign countries. ason for this is that labor i cheaper » is not consid people have ed the rl, and - version of iss Claxton mad ial fortune.~ The Gri “The Qephans of the Stor Guam? A mile Q. Why sented with rps?—J Dr. piltitid | W Q. How much money is printed in| g My bills each day?—H. F. |a sister A. The Bureau of Engraving and | gether. Printing turns out approximately |~ A 3,000,000 notes daily, amounting to at | son to least $10,000,000. (Letters are every wminute Q. Why does a cloud float? A.lfrom our free information bureau in A. In still air a cloud will sink to | Washington telling readers whatever they want to swer inds peopl which vou. I and 1we Get the are in an Th want 1 habit of kin, director, streets northwe. amps for retu News of Cancer Researches Received Here With Caution carcer. the Impo of proceec utiorr in ing su the Tr t adds: e can pro cepted der are, blazing o body of their s: vin “The search for taken by medical ains the Wichita Bea rva physicia in fac « to the conclu germ disease : tion of mz ing, the Beacon savs cal sclence has n strides in the p. discove: tuberculosis and that single out their ge: that will kill them, ma on ti matter of a short time. worker is pe devoted, eelf. stantly The rescarcn and ¥ eds of cing n laboring, many laboratories, try istent, * ¥ ow ok The Portland Express thinks tt 'whethe: research conducted the Brit s has succeeded loosening one of the stones that form the foundation e wall that rendered this disease immune fr attack, remains to be seen. Even the report is of an optimistic nat it will be received with reserve by the public, which %o often has been deceived by reported med discov- eries. But results will come time and it may be that we are on the eve of the first of them.” If the announcement that the cancer germ has been discovered proves tr it marks a great event in the history of medicine, observes the Buffalo News. “Heretofore only a few e tial facts have been brought to light with regard to cancer. The true na- ture of the disease has remained a mystery.” The News adds that ac- al discovery of the cancer germe “soon would result in the development. of a vaccine or serum as a cure for the dread disease. Then cancer would be reduced to the same te as smallpox, typhus and diphtheria.” “Although promise of cure is e: rves the Jersey fferers from take heart pressly withheld,” ob City Jersey Journal, cancer cannot but the announcement comes of the iso- lation of the organism that is he- lieved to be the cause of the discase that has proved one of the most per~ sistent, scourges of mankind,” ————— e 1