Evening Star Newspaper, June 25, 1925, Page 6

6 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY.......June 25, 1925 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: 11th St. and Pennaylvania Ave. Neg York Office: 110 East 43nd 8t. hicago Office: Tower BU Buropeas Office: 16 Resent St.. London, England. The Evening Star. with the Sunday morn- Ing edition. ia delivered by carriers within the city at'60 cents per month: daily on 4B cents per month: Sunday_on! gen per month_ Orders may be sent by mail or telephone Main 5000. Collection is made by carrier at the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Datty and sund 1yr.$840:1 mo. Dally SadySunder: - 131 35001 1 ma. &unday only 1378240 T mon All Other State: aily and Sunday...1yr. $10.00:1 aily only ool l1 el $7.00¢ &unday ‘only 13 $3.00 Member of the Associated The Associated Press is exclusively entitled fo the use 1 ¢ republication of all news dis- Patehes credited to it or not otherwise cred- ited in this paper and also the local news published herein. All righta of publication of fn ara also reserved Ford's High Marine Wage Scale. Henry Ford, who is entering the shipping business in order to provide carriers of his own for his products, has established a wage scale that runs much higher than that paid on other American freighters. The higher wages paid American-flag nier- chant vessels in the overseas trade than those paid by British, German and other shipping men has been one of the chief arguments advanced for Government aid to American shipping. And now Mr. Ford raises the wage scale. Not a very clubby thing to do, particularly when another movement on was driven against a group of waiting persons. In nefther case, though months have elapsed and indictments have been returned, has trial been had. These delays, and in many cases the Quiture of justice when trial is had, cause a public apprehension. They put a premium upon recklessness in the gtreets, whereas the law forbids it under severe penaltles. The bootleggers who crashed into the machine the other morning and caused the death of a nun thought without doubt that they could get away from thelr pursuers, or that if caught they would be released on bonds and would have a long period of liberty with a good chance of es- cape from any penalty. Certalnly there was little in the record of court actions and penalties to deter them from their mad flight. What is needed here in Washington is the stiffest kind of demonstration that the law is vital and effective; that the penalties attaching to viola- tions will be imposed promptly; that court congestion, jury sympathy or administrative negligence will not pro- tect violators, especially those Who lives in their recklessness. placing the blame for the acct- of the other morning it is futile unfair to lay it in eny degree upon the officers of the law who were seeking to make an arrest. Rather should it be put upon the ineffective judicial process that has in so large a degree for a long time failed to furic- tion to insure the punishment of those whom the police do capture. All-Night Parking. In the course of the survey of local transportation facilities now in prog- ress policemen will in the early hours of tomorrow morning make a count of motor cars parked overnight in for some kind of Government aid to American merchant shipping is being agitated. Mr. Ford's case, however, is vastly different from that of the shipping man who is in the business merely as a carrier of ocean-borne commerce. With his great interests, it matters very little to Mr. Ford whether h ships make money or mnot. If they break even, it would be entirely satis factor: as his business as a whole is concerned. The Ford ships are primarily designed to deliver his products abroad and to gain further advertising for those prodycts. They constitute merely an arm of his enter- prise, but their importance will lie in ®iving prompt and regular service to that enterprise. It is not difficult to see, therefore, that Mr. Ford might well agree to pay higher wages on his ships than could be afforded by other private American shipping companies. It will be inter- esting to see how Mr. Ford's shipping venture pays, say at the end of a year, with all costs of operation and charges for interest and depreciation counted in. It is reported that he has estab- lished a minimum wage of $100 a month on his ships, and that wages in some instances run 100 per cent higher than those paid on board the Fleet Corporation vessels. As industrial carriers, ships that are owned by an industry and used to transport its products, the Ford ships also have a distinct advan- tage over those that offer themselves merely to carry cargoes owned by out- side parties. They are never at a loss for the outgoing cargo, and by reason of big business connections in foreign countries they have better opportuni- tles for finding return cargoes. In- deed, they can afford to take return cargoes at a lower rate than their com- petitors. It will be interesting in this connection to see how Mr. Ford is able to compete with foreign-flag vessels in bringing commercial cargoes to the United States. If he is able to cut under the rates charged by the for- eigners, he may cause considerable stir in the ocean-carrying business. America has other industrial car- riers on the seas—fruit, steel and oil. The industrial carrier offers a real opening for the development of the permanent privately owned overseas American merchant marine. In the old days, when American clipper ships sailed the seven seas and carried a vast amount of the commerce of the world, those . too, were largely industrial carriers, though mnot in the sense of the term of today. The ship- pers owned frequently the cargoes sent to foreign lands. They carried them for the purpose of barter and trade. Frequently they traded in kind, and their returns were far greater than they would have been had they merely been recompensed for the transportation of the goods. The return, therefore, of the ships carry- ing their own “ventures” is a hopeful sign for the American merchant marine. American genius has lent itself par- ticularly to quantity production and service. This has been exemplifled notably in the operations of Henry Ford. The same principles may be ap- plled with considerable advantage to the shipping business. —— e Premier Painleve has succeeded in persuading his political associates to forget their differences long enough to give the Riffs what is coming to them. ————————— As a professional law violator the bootleg motorist recognizes no traffic so far front of private residences. This fs, presumably, to determine the number of machines that are used for the dafly transport of persons. It will, however, be an inconclusive enumera- tion, as it will not compass the cars similarly used for daily transport but sheltered in garages. It would not appear to be a matter of particular consequence from the transportation point of view whether the private ve- hicles used for the carriage of the peo- ple in daily movements are sheltered or unsheltered at night. This survey, however, may be turn- ed to account in the study of the traf- fic situation. The parking of cars overnight in front of dwellings and apartment houses is a serious public nuisance, adding materially to the dangers in the city streets. On many blocks in the northwestern part of Washington the curbs are almost sol- idly lined on both sides night after night with machines for which there is no garage space, or the owners of which will not pay garage rent. These parked cars leave barely room in the middle of the street for two line# of traffic. The driving of cars in these conditions is difficult. Accidents fre- quently occur because of the narrow margin left by the all-night parkers. It will be interesting to learn the number of motor cars thus stored at night in the streets. The report of this survey, in addition to the infor- mation it may furnish in the study of the transportation question, should be considered by the traffic director and the Commissioners with reference to the possibility of adoption of rules for- bidding the storage of cars in the streets. There is a possible connection be- tween the transportation and the traf- fic questions in this respect. If the District permits free storage of cars in the streets at night it encourages the maintenance of comparatively cheap private transport at the ex- pense of the street railway and bus lines of the District. The owner of a motor car who pays no garage rent and no tax for the use of the public space for the storage of his car when not in use at night has a financial advantage which reacts against the corporations that maintain costly sys- tems of tracks or fleets of busses and —————————— Americans have a keen perception of absurdity combined with a strong sense of sympathy. Time alone can tell whether the trial of Mr. Scopes in Tennessee will be historically clas sified as wit, humor or pathos. —_— ra—— Radio is equipped to speed up the business of the world, but may never- theless be instrumental in slowing down the departure of an exploring party. ———————— ‘While speculation goes on as to whether there will be another great war the vast country of China is doing its best to demonstrate that there already is one. Wave lengths as well as ice floes become parts of the polar problem. P - Evolution Issue Spreads. The evolution question has broken out in a new direction. In Oklahoma a free text book law has been re- pealed, and in that law, it is now discovered, was a clause prohibiting the use of books ‘“that teach the materialistic conception of history— i. e, the Darwin theory of creation versus the Bible account of creation.” Tmmediately the anti-evolutionists are up in arms. The repeal of the text book law goes into effect June 26, regulations. ——————— Responsibility for Street Slayings. A coroner’s jury has held for trial the two occupants of the motor car that crashed into another machine the other morning and caused the death of a sister of mercy In this city. If now this case is treated with equal promptness by the courfs and proper punishment s administered much will have been gained toward law enforce- ment and public security in Washing- ton. Court delays are unmistakably re- sponsible for much of the lawlessneas and criminal recklessness in the use of the streets here. Cases are allowed to lag for months without trial and final action. There are now pending two such cases of reckless driving re- sulting in the death of innocent per- sons. In each case a street car load- ing space was invaded by a wildly driven car. In one of them a loadge platform was mounted l.nwhe -ar unless steps are taken to bring about a referendum of the matter to the people. Petitions for a referendum are being circulated in an effort to get the necessary 27,000 signatures. According to reports from Okla- homa, the churches are taking an active part in the effort to bring about the proposed referendum. With evolution a burning issue in Tennes- see and now spreading to the great plains of the West, who can predict where the matter will end? Perhaps Col. William Jennings Bryan, ex- ponent of the antl-evolution move- ment, may try to fasten it as an issue to the Democratic party, as he did prohibition and Government own- ership of railroads. When the States undertake to de- clare what shall and what shall not be taught in the schools, along re- ligious lines, they are treading on dangerous ground. Church and state have been kept'separate and apart in this country since its inception. The finishing with one. —_————— His use of the automobile has en- ubled John Barleycorn to carry his deflance of law so far as to reduce a crowded thoroughfare to a state of anarchy. pay heavy taxes on all their property.. SHOOTING STARS, THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, first amendment to the Constitution specifies that “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.” The Constitution also declares that “no religlous test shall ever be required as a qualifica- tion to any office or public trust un- der the United States.” The Supreme Court of the United States, it is expected, will eventually be asked to pass upon the constitu- tionality of the laws prohibiting the teaching of the theory of evolution, nor could the matter be left in better hands for a final decision. e No Wooden Schools! A report that the public school at Langdon is a dangerous fire hazard has caused a sharp discussion in the Board of Education and a member of the board has been commissioned to conduct an inquiry into condi- tions. This particular achool is a two- story frame structure, heated by a furnace and, according to report, in a decrepit condition. That it should be in question at all is a reflection. There should be no school building in this District that is not absolutely safe. In the program for new school con- structions the first step should be to replace all structures that are in any degree in doubt as to security. The Langdon School should without ques- tion be eliminated. No public school classes should be held in a frame building. It requires no report from the fire marshal and no special in- quiry by the Board of Education to prompt and Insure its replacement by a fireproof, modern, safe schoolhouse. .. Rain. Rain has repaired some crop dam- age due to drought and a large acreage near Washington, with favorable weather for the rest of the growing season, may give a normal yield. Garden vegetables, cereals, forage plants and tobacco were in distress and rain came too late for some flelds to do their best, but gardeners and farmers are giving thanks for Nature's tardy fa- vor. Another week of drought and crop. losses near Washington would have been much worse. Through parts of our territory numerous brooks and springs were dry and water in wells was low. No one can count the grass plots and patches of corn, potatoes, tomatoes, beans and cabbage in the District and nearby sections which have been refreshed. The parched leaves and grass have had a bracer and are holding them- selves proud today. The landscape will wear & gayer green. — e 1t is perhaps a misfortune that the courageous and industrious mentality of Col. Bryan was turned from po- litical economy. He might have con- vinced many agitated people abroad that communism, in addition to being immoral, is a fraud end a fallacy. The task might not have.proved easy, but it would have aimed at more useful results than those he can hope to accomplish in his present enter- prise. The sclence of conserving and utilizing intellectual energy for the benefit of the human race is still in its infancy. —_——————— The contentlon that diplomacy should have an important part in the soclal arrangements for the White House is one of those truths which Thomas Jefferson, had he been in- terested in soclety activities, would have regarded as “self-evident. ———— Radio complications may enable this country to call attention to a picturesque Arctic expedition which starts with a controversy instead of BY PHILANDER JOHNSON, A Blunt Truth. Bootleg zipping down the street! Cops come rushing after! Terror-stricken crowds retreat As they chase the grafter, As the wicked wildly flee ‘We declare in candor It's more dangerous to be An fnnocent bystander. From Persuasion. to Force, “What is your opinion of prohibi. tlon?” “It s & great {ustitution,” said Sen- ator Sorghum; “although I must ad- mit- that the present method of en- forcement i8 less gratifying than the eloquence and literary grace of the old-time temperance lecturer.” Explorers. The Eskimo sees people rcam Amid the Arctlc storm< And wonders why they don't stay home ‘Where it is safe and warm, Jud Tunkins says a heap o" politics consists of the same old promises made by.new men. Exemption. ‘When men so flercely disagree The monkey simply climbs a tree And gives a merry little squawk, ‘Which means, “I'm glad I cannot talk.” Time. “Women's clothes are so simple that we can dress in five minutes.” “There is no saving of time," answered Miss Cayenne. “Think of how. much longer it now takes to make up our faces. “Dem framers of de Declaration of Independence,” said Uncle Eben, ‘“never knew what a help dey was gineter be to de fireworks business.” r———— Frankness in Filching. From the Baltimore Sun, The old-time sharper with the gold brick had his good points. He didn't call it a worthy cause. ———t——————— Boring From Outside. From the Omaha World-Herald. 5 . ‘The President of the-)Senate ‘outsids, avoldedly boring from the D. C, THURSDAY, THIS AND THAT '‘BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Noises that float in through the windows when one is lylng down have always interested me, perhaps mostly because they seem to interest no one else. Maybe it Is because most persons have not thought about the matter before that the subject of outside nolises does not intrigue their fancy. 1 am sure, however, if they would take a pencil and a piece of paper and jot down the sounds they hear they would be both astonished und Interested. In the space of five minutes one can note such an amazing variety of noises, both pleasant and unpleasant, that he realizes by keeping up the work he could discover many, many mora. -The occupation becomes a sort of game to while away the time when a headache or some other indisposi- tion requires that one take the hori- zontal position for a time. In’ this regard it is interesting to recall that eminent physiologists sa: at man's original “standing position” was hori- zontal not vertical. Only by countless ages—centuries— of effort, they declare, has mankind been able to o on two feet instead of four. There are some philosophers who phrase their doctrine as follows: “Never run when you can walk, never walk when you can stand, never stand when you can sit, never sit when you can lie down.” As there i3 always an opposing doc- trine for every one in this world, the antithesis is given by the ultrastrenu- ou Never lie down when you can sit, never sit when you can stand, never stand when you can walk, never walk when you can run.” Take your choice! ok % % In the space of a few minutes I noted down the following list of noises that floated in the windows late one Summer afternoon: Soft chirp of bluebird. Shrill ery of catbird. Whistle of bobwhite. Scissors grinder’s bell, Automobile engine. Boys calling dog. Garage door. Lumber being thrown down. Gate shutting. Man's volce. ‘Woman's volce. mall door in garage shut. Dog bark. Whistle for dog. Clink of iron on concrete. Phonograph. Piano. Brick striking brick. Baby cryling. Footsteps approaching. Lawn mower. Water from hose in sprinkling. Front door slams. Hammer and nail Paper blows across yard. Rustle of trees. Distant bell ringing the hour. Dog fight. Jingle of dog tag. Shoveling coal: Laughter. Airplane motor. * X ¥ % ‘What a list is there, my country- man, ranging it does from the an- thracite coal being put into the cellar by some foresighted resident to the airplane motor, droning its way through the skies two miles above! Many of life’s activities are revealed Serasnantn 25 26 27. 28, 29. 30, 31 32, In those 32 sounds, as they float through the window to waiting ears, backed up by attuned mind, paper and pencil. At first one finds it difficult to note the sound down immediately he hears it. He lacks the ready response which will be his in a minute of practice. Psychologists have found out that each one of us has a certain rate of improvement in taking up any new y. For instance, if a man arrows at a target, he will im- prove rapidly for a time, but finally reaches his peak performance, after which he can scarcely better it. Every golfer knows about this. These reactions, once established, are never lost, but can be picked up, even years later, with only a short space of time required to make one as good as he ever wa In noting down sounds that come to one, the listener will find at first that he 18 so accustomed to hearing all sorts of noises as an integral part of his daily life that he cannot im- mediately write the sound down: “Why, that was a noise!” he catches his mind telling him, after several seconds’ delay. Soon, however, he Is able to jot down the name of the sound almost at once. He must use care, of course, not to put the same sort down twice. * Kok ok The varlous noises noted above di- vide themselves into those made by animals, birds and men, and the crea tions of men, with several produced by the action of inanimate things moved by the wind or other force. On this afternoon, although it was hot, there was a very good breeze, which did not cool off the city muc but did manage to blow window cur- tains, rattle papers and otherwise show that the air was in motion. Air has the most intangible motion in the world, if it may be said to have motion at all. In Wintertime we prefer it still, and in Summer to be on the move. Everything relates to us, and we to it, 8o that when we are hot we want the air cool, and when we are cold we want it warm. And when we get either we are hardly ever satisfied with it. The sound of the Bluebird, a not-too- frequent visitor to our yard, was a welcome note. Both the Catbird and the Bobwhite struck notes of sad- ness in our particular ears, reminding us of Jack Spratt, our cat, who had wandered away during the week and had not returned. The Bob-White seemed to be calling, “Jack—Spratt!” The scissors grinder's bell has been a familiar sound in Washington for many, many years. The bell is al- ways the same, and probably never will change. Who would want it other than it 1s? There were the sounds of men and women talking, various calls for the dog, the sounds incidental to taking an automobile out of a garage, and several noises made in the construc- tion of a building about a block away. Music was not lacking, nor the sound of a baby crying. In our neigh- borhood no day goes by without some one cutting the grass. At almost every hour of every day some one is running a mower over the yards. Later will come the swish of run- ning water out of the hose, as some proud householder ‘“‘sprinkles his lawn. Listening, we feel that the very birds that fly past the window ought to make a noise! Dead Labor Chief Called Man of Business Genius The death of Warren . Stone, presi- dent of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, coming so soon after that of Samuel Gompers, is held to be a dis- tinct loss to labor and to the country High esteem for Mr. Stone is voiced in the editorial tributes to be found in the papers of the United States, most of which speak with unusual unanimity concerning the personality, influence and work of this man, who, “although he had an _exceptional career,” according to the Saginaw News-Courier, “had no exceptional ad- vantages with which to start.” The Christian Sclence Monitor re- turns to a once widely used phrase, stating that “in his particular field of activity he was, undoubtedly, the man of the hour.” The Sioux City Daily Tribune credits Mr. Stone with having been, “aside from the late Samuel Gompers, the greatest single personality in the ranks of organized labor in the United States.” To the La Crosse Tribune and Leader Press he was “among the great Americans of his generation and no man can question his citizenship or patriotism, and this paper further declares that Mr. Stone “has left a permanent mark upon the trend of the labor movement in the United States, which will stand as a monument perhaps more lasting than any shaft which his co-workers may erect over his body.” The Al- bany News voices its high regard by saying: “He might have held high place in the Government of his coun- try,” while the New London Day sees in him a man who “possessed financial genius that would have made him re- markable in Wall Street, perhaps to @ greater extent than he was remark- able in unionism.” * k kX 'The Akron Times-Press finds in Mr. Stone’'s own, words, “I have lived every minute of life to the full; I have practiced the gospel I have preached—the gospel of the great eternal ‘Now,’” the secret of his success. This characteristic i{s also referred to by the Evansville Courfer. The Des Moines Tribune describes Mr. Stone, who was a native son of Towa, as “a big, powerful man, re- sourceful and determined; who did not take many short views nor re- sort to many short cuts; who plan- ned wisely and with an eye to the future.” v “Mr. Stone was one of the few really big men developed by the union labor movement in this coun- try,” declares the Chattanooga Times, “and he leaves behind a large legacy in {ideals, organization and business enterprises.” That “his good work will live after him” is the con- fident opinion of the Oklahoma City Times, and the Hartford Times cred- its him with an “exceptional capac- ity for his work, an extremely good business head and marked ability as a planner.” The Birmingham News also feels that “Mr. Stone's career was marked largely by his genius for business organization.” To the Portsmouth Star he was “one of the most militant of the modern leaders of organized labor.” Testimony that there “was no dem- agogy in his nature; that he was interested, not in pulling the em- ployer down, but in building the em- ploye up,” is given by the New York Evening World. “He ruled the brotherhood with an iron hand, but with marked wisdom,” states the Providence Bulletin, “and had the public’s respect in an unusual de- gree, as well as the confldence of his organization.” = “He made his word as good as his bond” is the tribute paid by the Miiwaikee Journal, and he believed, declares the Huntington Advertiser, “that more could be gained over the conference table in a give-and-take game than could be accomplished by threats and intim- idation.” ‘The remarkable fact that “Mr. Stone in all his lifetime of union activity never led a strike” is recorded by the Philadelphia Bulletin. The per adds: “It would be difficult to it to any. union leader his followers.” “This was not be- cause he was always ready to com- promise,” explained the Portland Ex- press, “but because he had made the organization which he led so powerful that it could obtain almost anything in reason that it demanded.” * ok ok ok “A labor union which owns a bank, a couple of coal mines, and a railroad will understand the problems with which the large employer of labor has to deal,” notes the Emporia Daily Gazette, but adds the thought that “the astuteness and vision which led Stone to acquire them may die with Caesar and go down into the grave with him.” The Norfolk Ledger Dis- patch reckons the ‘“assets of the brotherhood as $150,000,000,” and the Savannah Press, complimenting Mr. Stone on having made his labor union “branch out on new lines,” says: “He seems to have made a success of all of them.” The New York Herald Tribune thinks Warren Stone was “a !a;sll}‘hwd ploneer.” e efforts he made for the p: of the Adamson eight-hour lyer are not forgotten, many of the papers re- ferring to this chapter in his life in similar tone with the Canton News, which recalls that “Mr. Stone was the dominating if not the controlling fig- ure in the passage of the Adamson wage law and this act brought him into prominence which grew with his days.” Reaching a high note in its discus- sion of the character of the late pres- ident of the locomotive engineers, the Lexington Leader finds as its con- clusions that “his idealism, radiating from the man always, his spirit of rev- erence, his faith in religion, his frank confession of his personal allegiance to the teaching of Christ, were even more important than the constructive work he did in so many directions.” Police Not to Blame for Death of Sister. To the Editor of The Star. ‘Why the hysterical condemnation of the police officers for the tragic death of Sister Cephas by the mad attempt of bootleggers to escape detection in the violation of law? One would think from the scathing denunciation of the officers that they, themselvés, ran down and killed the innocent nun. From the accounts first published of the distressing tragedy the attention of the police officers was first attracted to the lawbreakers by the reckless speed at which they were driving. It was the sworn duty of the officers to do their utmost to apprehend the law- breakers. Are we to give our police- men to understand that they must not drive faster than 22 miles an hour in pursuit of criminals, regardless of the crime? If so, every criminal who can drive g car is given immunity against arrest. There is no way of arresting a fleeing criminal without driving faster than the criminal drives. Fur- thermore, the enforcement of law very often, and unavoidably, endangers the lives of innocent persons. Instead of pouring vitriol upon the heads of the faithful officers, and prac- tically holding them up as responsible for the deplorable death of the good nun, let the blame be placed where it belongs, namely, upon the criminals who, in reckless disregard of law and of the lives of others, were driving 60 miles an hour in a frenzied attempt to escape from the officers of the law and from the ity of their mis- deeds. Let them be speedily indicted, brought to trial and sentenced to the severest penalities rmitted by the statutes. . D. MABRY. Some Simian Traces. ‘From the Portland Express. Mr. Bryan denles that his ancestors ever trees, but he would prob- ably conceds that in some his_cotemporaries flave taken to the b R JUNE 25, 1925. THE NORTH WINDOW By Leila Mechlin. ““Twenty years from now the mov- ing plicture and the automoblle are not golng to satisfy the public as they do today; what, then, will they have to turn to?” sald an American of foreign birth recently, discussing the problem of art education. To him to see a Rembrandt portrait or to ac- quire a Zorn etching were events out- welghing other pleasures of a Sum- mer holiday abroad. It was this source of enjoyment which he coveted for the people of America. Undoul® edly he is right, but the question Is how to convince the uninformed. Those who possess this love of art count it of inestimable value, but to those who are outside, who have never experienced it, it is utterly in- comprehensible. C. Lewis Hind, the British art crit- ic, in a letter to The Outlook, pub- lished last week, discussed at some length and in his usual engaging manner the question of whether or not the large picture is doomed. After calling attention to fts present dis- appearance from the great exhibitions in the dealers’ galleries he suggests as a cause the prevalent populari of the motor car. “The Anglo-Saxo he says, “Is not usually an art-loving creature, and v individuals pre- fer the unworthiest of cars to the worthiest of pictures.” To support this statement he quotes a London dealer: “In my father's time a_mer- hant prince at this season of the year would debafe with his wife as to whether they should buy a Lelgh- ton or an Alma Tadema; today they welgh the merits of a Rolls Royce against a Daimler.” Further dlagnos. ing this situation, Mr. Hind suggests that “the public has been scared by the extravagances of the modern movement. The pictures condemned by the elder official painters are applauded by the free-lance younger critics, therefore the public does not know what to belleve and turns his attention to something else.” Now Mr. Hind was one of the advocates of modernism in the days which are past, it is therefore extremely inter- esting and significant to find him ;writing as he does at this time—"I am tolerably catholic in my art tastes, but I must admit that I feel little pleasure in the work of those artists who take pride in discovering beauty in the horrible.” * k x % Despite automobiles, moving pic tures, and in England, high taxes, however, the outlook for art is by no means completely discouraging. A well known painter, in the presence of two of his confreres, was heard to remark the other day that within the next 10 vears a million paintings by American artists would be sold in this country. His thought was that the painters should take cognizance of the growing demand on the part of the general public and be prepared to meet it worthily. Mr. Hind voices a somewhat similar sentiment, for while he notes with regret that the large subject picture has disappeared, gone out of style, he calls attention to the fact that the demand for the small picture is far greater than it ever was before. “Things adjust themselves,” he says, “and since we are beginning to adapt ourselves to small houses, with small wall space, there has arisen a vogue for small pictures—the lyric. They abound, they sell, they are within the range of the slender purse. The demand for lyrics, to use a term employed in the city, is healthy. This means that for the one man who in Victorian times bought an epic, 100 today are buying lyrics.” And, philosophically, he con- cludes: “Perhaps there is more joy to be obtained from a dawn or a sun- eet in paint than from a representa- tion of Milton dictating ‘Paradise Lost’ to his daughter.” * % % % Much interest attaches to the an- nouncement recently made of the ac- quisition by the Metropolitan Museum of the Barnard cloisters, made pos- sible by the generous gift of $600,000 trom John D. Rockefeller, jr. These cloisters are at One hundred and nine- tieth street and Fort Washington ave- nue, and constitute one of the most valuable collections of Gothic art that has ever been got together outside of France. The story of the cloisters is the story of the enthusiasm of an artist for the great art of the past. More than 20 years ago Mr. Barnard was given the commission for a series of monumental groups of sculpture to be placed on the Pennsylvania State House at Harrisburg and went to France to execute the work. While there the discovery of certain frag- ments of Gothic art in unlooked for places started him on his quest, and as his search was rewarded his inter- est grew, until collecting rather than producing became a passion with him. “Taking as a center of opera- tions thegsite of some ruined abbey or church, he would visit all the farms in the neighborhood, having observed that the fallen stones were often re- moved by the peasants to serve for one purpose or another on their farmg.” Wherever he found a stone which had been cut by hand he pur- chased it and often took it out of the earth by his own effort. In one case a pigsty vielded the dlab of a crusader’s tomk; {n an attic he found a forgotten statue that once graced an altar or church portal. Little by little, he added to his collection and in some miracuious way he succeeded in transporting his “finds” to this coun- try, selling one now and then to pay the cost of transporting the others. Then came to him the idea of put- ting them together in a building, and, bit by bit, he reared, largely by the work of his own hands, a brick struc- ture somewhat in the form of a church, lighted from the roof, with an inner and an outer cloister. Into this structure he built the remarkable columns with their Gothic carved capitals, which he had unearthed and brought from abroad. The outer cloister is as yet incomplete, but the columns are there, ready for erection. Into this interesting brick bullding he has brought and appropriately placed several hundred works of Gothic sculpture, many of them in an excel- lent state of preservation; and so thoroughly has he been imbued with the feeling of the Gothic that each plece seems pecullarly at home. The building stands back from the street or roadway on high land, which drops abruptly at the rear of the property somewhat as the land falls back of Chartres Cathedral, so that from the outer cloisters one looks out over a great ravine to the growing city on the opposite plateau. * * x % Mr. Barnard, it will be remembered, ‘was the sculptor of that very remark- able group in the Metropolitan Mu- seum—two men wrestling—entitled “I Feel Two Natures Within Me,” and in recent years of the statue of Lincoln, which has caused such great discus- siog and controversy. No doubt the passion for collecting interfered with his creative work, but into this build- ing he has put much of his own spirit. Happily, through Mr. Rocke- feller’'s generosity, it will not be ‘wasted effort, and though the cloisters during the Summer will not be open to the public, they are to remain a permanent exhibit and will, beginning next Autumn, the Metropolitan Mu- seum announces, be open on certaln days of the week to visitors. This is perhaps the first instance in this country of a great museum establishing, as {t were, an annex of this sort, and sponsoring such a shrine of art in the interest of the people. It is a unique creation, a noteworthy project. When asked if it would not have been better had the works been allowed to remain in France, where they were produced, the reply was that there was riothing included in this cloister or this col- lection which had not already been Jost to France when recovered by M. I ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN Q._How much does the precipita- tion of snow and rain amount to?— W.J B A The wotld average is 16,000,000 tons a second. s Q. What was the name of the tale in ‘which two men occupy the same room, one sleeping in daytime and one at night, without knowing of each other’—B. E. A. A. “Box and Cox” was a popular farce by John M. Morton, in which the two characters, Box and Cox, rent the same room from a Mrs. Bouncer and remain ignorant of each other until a holiday reveals the sit- uation. Q. How was the theater where Lincoln was shot lighted?—J. J. A. An authority on Abraham Lin- coln and the Ford Theater says that this theater during Lincoln's time was lighted by gas. Q. What is the difference in the cost of living now and in 19137— R. E. McC. A. Per cent increase from average to December, 1924: Food, 51.5; clothing, 71.3; housing, 65. house furnishing goods, 116; fuel and light, 80.5; miscellaneous, 101.7; all items, 1913 Q. How much coal is being used as fuel?—A. C. E. A. Although it is only about 100 years that coal had been used exten- sively as a fuel, the annual consump- tion is about 650,000,000 tons. Q. Why s called?—H. E. F. A. It 1s named for Col. James Bowie, who introduced it in Texas. According to one account, Col. Bowie had occa. sion to fight with a broken sword and found it o effective that he equipped his men with long, dagger-shaped knives. They were. however, sharp on one edge only. Since knives quite similar in design were in use in Mex ico it is probable that the idea was gained from them. the bowle knife so. Q. Are the black snake and the blue racer the same’—G. F. H. A. The black snake, black racer, and the green and blue racer are the same. Snakes of this species found in the West and Southwest represent a dis- tinct color variety, hence the name blue racer is applied to the black snake in some parts of this count Q. How far is the name “‘Broadw: used for this thoroughfare in New York?—J. A. B. A. Broadway begins at Bowling Green, at the southern extremity of Manhattan Island, runs north through the city, and coincides with the old post road, being known as Broadway all the way to Albany. Q. Are the tuna fish and horse mack- erel the same?—H. G. F. A. The great tune (Thunnus thun Address The Star Information nus) and the albacore (Germo alalun- ga) are both in the Scombrotd or mack- erel family. The albacore similar to the tuna, but is er in size. It reaches a weig 15 to 30 pounds, and is distir by its long, almost ribbonlike pec fins. The great tuna, or “horse mac, " is a much Jarger fish welghs from 50 to 150 pounds. Q. Which city has the largest ct ber of commerce?—N. (. C. A. The United States Chambe Commerce that its new bui which is located at Seventeentl H streets, Washington, D. €. the largest staff of any char commerce building in the world ar has the largest membership of the world. The building itself largest chamber of commerce t ing, as the entire building is d to chamber of commerce work, as in many cities there are othe fices in the chamber of con building. 18 very 1ch s, of o Q. When was the into an Indian languz A. to the North translated the Bible the Natic a Massachuse the Algonquins. A copy of this ec with the epistle dedicatory was s 1882 for $2,900 Q. 1Is there s burial of « States?—D. S. A. There is no law of the Unitel States prohibiting the burial of C: nese upon American soil. The Chinese, however, prefer to be buried in native country, z make such arrar Q. Ts the wo Sorgue still A Mn syndical ary of last known as * Trouble” woman don coi paper Q. What Is copra A. Copra is the dried me cocoanut. It is used industrially making cocoanut oil. e transiated law proh hinesa in the Ur died vear. (Even Uncle Bam {s inguisitivey, Just now he is trying to discover the ‘most popular sizes of women’s stock- ings, the chewing power of jalsd teeth, whether a solar eclipsc intery eres with radio and how tough bee . These are but a few of the many problems the Bureaw of Standards i# working on. This branch of the Go ernment, as well as all the other de« partments, is comstantly engaged in research and investigations that wilk, benefit the American n. Oum Washington bureau is in a position o reach these great resources and pas# them on to you. This service is free. State your question clearly and inclosz 2 cents in_stamps for return postage, Bus reau, Frederic J. Haskin, directory Twenty-first and C streets northwest ), BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. Internationalism is ‘“a-horseback” this week in the third congress of the International Chamber of Commerce, in session in Brussels. Speakers rep- resenting Belgium and Great Britain have declared that the only way that Gemmany can make payments of reparations according to the Dawes plan is for forelgn nations—meaning especially the United States—to lower tariff barriers so as to create a ready market for German products. Willis Booth, the outgoing presi- dent of the International Cham- ber of Commerce, sald in his retiring speech that the Dawes plan ‘“has demonstrated its practicability.” But the incoming president, M. Despret, a leading Belgian banker, rhetorically asked: “Is it reallv possible to pay and receive of thousands of millions? Will there not be disastrous consequences to him who pays and him who re- celves? And, failing payment in cash, how can he get paid? If the debtor country pay in goods, to what extent can it do so without harming the creditor country which produces the very goods we must accept? failing goods, can the debtor country pay in services, and, if so, what serv- jces can be rendered without causing prejudice to the creditor country’s in- dustry, trade and labor?” The whole argument raising the problem of the impossible is said to be aimed at an attack on the United States’ tariff barrier against German dumping of goods onto our markets, at prices which would compete with American products, and _thereby throw many American workingmen out of employment. For, it is pointed out that, although America has no claims for reparations against Ger- many, we cannot hope to collect our loans from the allies unless they can collect their reparations claims from Germany. This argument is vigor- ously combated by American protec- tionists. * K x % Former Senator Porter J. McCum- ber, joint author with Representative Fordney of the present protective tar- if, answers the challenge of M. Des- pret, that Germany can sell her goods to other markets of the world where we cannot compete because of our higher wages and greater cost of pro- duction. For example, Germany has a large trade in Central America in cheap tools for carpenters. It meets the demand of that market, though when a carpenter wants a really fine tool he comes to the United States market for {t. Germany producas cheap textiles in brilliant colors, such as are demanded in South America and Africa. Our manufacturers do not undertake to compete in that line. “But,” adds Senator McCumber, “if we never collected a dollar of our European credits, we cannot afford to demoralize our own producers by per- mitting overcompetition from Ger- Ak e x % k¥ A leadl member of the Tariff Board, wh!::‘raquuted that his name be not quoted because of his official position, points out that the assump- tion that we must buy from a country in order that that country may buy from us, is false economics, Further- more, he argues, experience shows that, on the whole, we buy most when we have full protection for our own industries. The reason {s that pro- tection assures maximum employment for our own workers, and that means increased prosperity and increased urchas! power. 2 “In :c‘txunl practice,” the Tariff Board member points out, “it is not true that one country must buy from another country in order that that country may buy from the first, for it is not the country, but the indi- vidual, who does the buying, and he will always buy where he can get goods more advantageously than else. ‘where? It is at ledst three-sided, as a rule. The German may sell in South America and take the money he thus receives to buy in the United States. Germany will develop her trade in the world markets on the merits of what she produces, and she is not depend- Barnard. These were not works pur- chased at a price, but redeemed from destruction. They have been, there- fore, given new life and brought to 'this newer land In order, as it were, to . testify. to 'the art of the past and to inspire new effort in the future. And, | ent on dumping goods in the Amer ican market. Last year Germany imported froni the United States 1,754,400 million rentenmarks, as compared with her {me ports in 1913 of only 1,611,100 milliod marks. So her imports from us wera 43 million marks greater in 1924 than the vear before r—when weo had ‘the Under ff. She exs ported to this co 3 goods to the value of 7 and in 1924 only —a decrease of exports increase of imports : States. That illustrates that import do not measure exports, stanas on its own merits, These ars not American data, but are official figures from the German statistical bureau, issued April, 1925. “In the last six months Germany's imports from the world were 10 per- cent greater than they were in 1813y and her exports, in spite of her hani caps, were almost equal to those of 1913. Germany'’s increase of imports began August 30, last vear—immedie ately following the introduction of the Dawes plan, and doubled in the first three months. This was partly due 1o optimism as to the prosperity from the Dawes plan, in revivi man industries. Her exports to world were 93 per cent in 1924 of b exports in 1913. This is all the mo significant in view of the fact th certain major monopolies, enjoved Germany prior to the war, are nowy shared by competing nations. For exs ample, the United States had no d industry before the war; today we p; duce 95 per cent of all our che needs, and England more than h: hers. “‘Month by month Germany’'s e ports show rapid gains, since the bkl ginning of the operation of the Dawes: plan last September 1. April, 1925, e ports totaled 672 million m: compared with April, 1924, of only million marks. Monthly exports now 80 per cent of pre-war gold values. At the beginning of 1924 they! were only 65 per cent of the 1913 e ports. This shows that the Dawes plan is not causing a ‘problem,’” but i% helping to solve one in reviving Gend many’s production surplus.” * k k% All economists agree that the chief® problem is that which confronts tha American agent general for reparas tions payments—S. Parker Gilbertw jr., whose function it is to comtrol all transmissions of elther money o merchandise out of Germany to. thal creditor nations, without = perin ting such transmissions to demora the exchange or the labor of tho I« celving_country The Dawes plan does not underta to work out the details of transmi sion, but sketches broad principls and leaves details to be adjusted fro time to time by the agent general s but each f of N & n at present Mr. Gilbert. If it could be concelved that anA country—France for example—weran to receive a vast payment suddenl® from Germany, even in gold, i would demoralize French exchangal and would lower the purchasing? power of the franc. If France wers| to forward a billion dollars in gold to: America, in one shipment, the valus of the dollar would fall and the prices of merchandise would rise. Hence, it is important that no such sudden des moralization should come to an? creditor nation through spasmodi®f payments from Germany. - Under the Dawes plan that possi« bility is controlled by the fact thab Germany makes her payments i3 Berlin, where they are taken over by the American agent general. He ha3i power to hold them in Germany; ha may re-invest them in German induse tries until such time as proves fam vorable for their gradual release an exportation to creditor nations. 1my his first report, covering the firsts eight months, Mr. Gilbert points outs “The realized German budget fo® the fiscal year 1924-25 reveals safe balance of receipts over expendie tures which will enable the Governs, ment to liquidate many outstanding’ labilities and provide cash reserveq for the future.” * % % % Senator Reed Smoot, chairman off the Senate finance committee, charaos terizes all the speeches in the Interna~ tional Chamber of Commerce as “oldf stuff,” amounting to nothing mores than European propaganda to attack] the American protective tariff, says it will have no effeot. (Copyright, 1025, by Paul V, Collnaf, _J L)