Evening Star Newspaper, June 15, 1925, Page 2

2 TARFF BODYSEAD SEEN IN REVERSAL Coolidge Action on Sugar Duty Bodes Abolition of Commission. BY DAVID LAWRENCE. President Coolidge’'s refusal to ac «cept the recommendation of the Tariff Commission that the duty on raw | sugar be reduced probably will mean the ultimate abolition of the commis. sion Mr. Ceolidge differs with the com mission in i interpretation of basic data .and, feeling that the ‘“ultimate duty of determining the matter” rests upon him. nder the law, felt justified in igporing the commisston’s recom menda S Contrary to Expectations. nore than 10 months the com has filed veport with the who did not proclaim it, but continued the investigation in’ his| own way, secur additional data | €rom the commission, as well as “other ents departn to ea would work ¢ eded be the way the t when the measure was debated in Congry It was thoug *n that the comm sion being composed of disinterested persons would sit in a quasi-judicia capacity, and t the President’s art would be or less perfunc in confor: public the commission's recom dations. It was argued that the iff would thus be taken out of poli ident h foe relieved of the usual olitics and tariff in commission’s word be law. The 1320 Ri n: I platform pointed with pride to mmission as an agency for the g tariff rates lower when hhey were too high and for increasing fthem whe necossity arose. The mphasized as a economic co Hopelessly Divided. As it has w ed out, Mr. Coolidge has, in almost every case that he has | cted at all, proclaimed a higher duty. ! The members of the commission itself | %:m been hopelessly divided in de-| Most Outstanding Case. The sugar case has bsen the most outstanding one before the commis- sion. No explanation has been given et the White House for the delay in snnouncing the President's dacision. The report came to him almost a year ago—July 3lst—and Senator La Fol- lette was at the time discussing sugar and arguing for a reduction. After election however, the report still failed to appear, and ever since there has been mystery about the delay. In some quarters it is pointed out that | the President was not really obliged to make any decision if he took no action d that only increases or de- creases—in other words. an actual thange—required publicity. In any event, the President's state- ment puts an end to a long-drawn-out ontroversy, reveals the fact that the arif! Commission is a bipartisan body and “hat the President, after all, is the iflt—r:]ing factor, with his power of ap- pointment as well as power of review. Under the circumstances it would not e surprising if the director of the Phudgzet recommended to President FCoolidge that the Government might _*P'rnnmlzo by abolishing the commis- fon altogether, or, at least, reducng t to the status of an investigating rd, which it was during the Wil on administration. The findings were upposed to be useful to Congres, but hat body even then followed its con- titutional prerogative and did as it leased, irrespective of the Tariff oard’'s fact-finding efforts. (Copyright. 1925.) {RIOTERS DEMAND CHINA OUST BRITISH AND RECALL ENVOY nued from First Page.) Bpopulation through Kiukiang, the igateway to Kuling. The missionary ettlement depends upon Kiu-kiang for 1l supplies and communication. Two American destrovers, dispatched Mrom Hankow for Kiukiang, have ar- rrived splementing a Japanese gun. boat now there The s on at Shanghal is un schanged. Forty-five British and Japa- nese vessels are tied up here on ac count of the strike of Chinese seamen Telegrams received from Hongkong report that dock strikes have spread 1o that port Transpacific liners arriving here are experiencing dificulty in loading. TOKIO, June 15 (P).—Four addi- tional Japanese destroyers from the #Sazbo naval base have been ordered 3In readiness to proceed to the Yangtse SRiver if the situation there becomes tmre serlous. Along the Yangtse at various points rioting has been re. worted DISARMING CONTINUES. _ CANTON, June 15 ().—Disarming ol the Yunnanese in the city still is roceeding. The main body of Yun- ese troops, recently expelled from anton by the Kwangtung forces, 18 helieved to be mustered outside the «city pending decision as to settlement of the controversy between opposing elements of the former followers of flhe late Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the defeated and the victors in the recent fighting here Gen. Yang Hsi-min and his retinue, Wwho headed the Yunnanese forces, are believed to have escaped through flight, but their present whereabouts “or_destination is unknown. the law by mak- | Sir Oliver Lodge Classes Evolution As Hope of World By the Associated Press. LONDON, June 15.—Sir Oliver Lodge, addressing a meeting here last evening, appealed to his hear- ers not to be “frightened at the word ‘evolution’ as they are in America.” He said he did not know what the Americans thought the word meant, but he thought it was the hope of the world. It meant growth, development and progress. If the world was not to be stag- nant it must be evolving. Now that humans were conscious be- ings. with a sense of free will and knowledge, they could help in the process. and evolution might go on faster 'SHERIFF T0 PUSH * DRIVE ON GAMING Foiled in Raids Saturday i Night, Fink to Redouble His Efforts. Failure of Sheriff John Fink of Prince Georges County, Md., to stage | cessful raid on the alleged larg- gambling joint in the county Sat av night means that Washington | gamblers camped in that county will {have a hard road to travel in the near future. Disappointed, but not sur- | prised, Sherif Fink announced that he would continue a fight upon the { undesirable element until he lands {them in jail or out of the gambling business in the county | “This gambling business in the {county has got to be stopped,” de- | clared State’'s Attorney Alan Bowie. ! “It is my intention to wage a relent. | Jess war on them and to ask prison sentences in event of conviction.” The place visited Saturday night by { Sheriff Fink fs on the Washington Baltimore boulevard. just across the District line, and invesatigators sent there by the sheriff reported seeing a number of Washington cars enter the grounds early in the evening, only a s and controversy almost from the | SHOTt time before the sheriff appeared. start. Political pressure has been ap d here and there either at the White House or as against members of the commission themselves. Finally Mr Coolidge has had to make changes in Personnel. It's a different commis- sion today than it was when the very same sugar report was filed with Mr Coolidge. Commissioner Lewis, Demo- crat, was not reappointed and his posi- | tlon was given to another Democrat, | Prof. Dénnis, who happened to be a life-long friend of Mr. Coolidge. | Commissioner Culbertson of Kansas. | Republican, who votsd with the mi- nority to reduce the sugar tariff, has| been appointed Minister to Rumania. | Commissioner Costigan of Colorado, | Who ran for governor in 1912 on the Bull Moose ticket, voted with the mi. | nority, and remains the only member of the so-called progressive wing on the commission. Commissioner Bur- | gess, who voted agalnst tariff reduc- tion and is a protectionist, resigned | recently to go into business. | Commissioner Marvin, who hails from New England, of course is a protectionist. Commissioner Glassie dldn't vote because of a family in. terest in sugar, but it is supposed that even though he is a Democrat he would have voted against reduc- tion of sugar tariff, thus making the final line.up three to three, in which case Mr. Coolidge felt that he had the deciding vote. This division has existed for a long fime, so that the commission has .meant apprehension to the protection. 175 and exasperation to the other &Elde. | Belleved Backers Tipped Off. | Interested persons feel reasonably certain that alleged backers of the | games learned of the sheriff’s prospec- tive visit only a few minutes before he appeared there, everything appar- | ently being in readiness for starting up for the night when the visit was paid Automobiles were at their accus- tomed places in the downtown section awaiting the appearance of persons who wanted to try their luck at craps, poker or other gambling games, and many of them were driven to the place before the backers had had time to warn the drivers not to bring them there that night Not only were patrons of the place accustomed to going there in the cars used for that purpose disappointed, but car after car was driven through the guarded gate before their occu- pants were told there was ‘“nothing doing.” But occupants of all the cars were not doomed to disappointment, some being taken to a place a short distance up the road in the direction of Bladensburg, where they were able to drop their hard-earned cash. Two principal places were shut down tight, it is stated, but county officers, it is said, have the testimony of investigators to present to the grand jury at the Fall term of court. These "investigators reported losing what money they had while ““bucking’ the game of cra General Clean-up Planned. It 1 planned to record the numbers of automobiles seen going to the sev- eral alleged gambling places between the District line and Bladensburg and to summon owners in court actions later.. Prince Georges county officials #ay it may be impossible for them to get residents of this city across the line to appear in court, but their campaign of publicity is expected to assist in accomplishing desired re- sults. Not only are the county authorities #oing to wage a relentless war on gambling places on the Washington Baltimore boulevard, but it is their in- tention to close other alleged objec- tionable places. Several public re- sorts are being closely watched, it is stated, and it is probable that raids will be made in the near future Plans soon may be formulated for a general clean-yp of the gambling places by State officers, the same as was done in Virginia not long ago. Residents of Prince Georges County, tired of having their section made a dumping ground for Washington gam- blers, may appeal to the governor to lend a helping hand. They have every confidence in 8heriff Fink and State's Attorney Alan Bowie, they state, but realize the difficulties they have to encounter in the investigations of the gamblers. to Hongkong. A mass meeting was held vesterday in sympathy with the Shanghai students. WARNS OF CONSEQUENCES. HANKOW, June 15 ().—Another of the Chinese rioters who partici- pated in the attack on the British concession here Saturday has died of his wounds, bringing the death roll to nine. The situation is quiet, but de- fense troops are standing by. Gen. Liu Chu-lung, whose Hupeh soldiers have arrived to reinforce the concession guard, has issued band- written proclamations saying that pending the central government’s in vestigation of the Shanghai affair quiet must be maintained. If the anti-foreign disturbances continue, he adds, the result will be a repetition of the Boxer trouble and foreign troops will be landed. The British sloop Hollyhock has ar- rived and landed marines. ALL AMERICANS SAFE. Safety of all Americans and thelr property in Canton was reported to the State Department foday by Con- sul General Jenkins. The consul said Cantonese generals who led the successful attack on the city ‘“were accompanied by Russlan military advisers, who directed the fight and to whom the Cantonese vic- tory undoubtedly is due.” Other dispatches received at the State Department said a seamen’s strike was due to begin in Canton and Hongkong today, according to a semi-official publication in Canton. “This will undoubtedly become a serious general strike if the Shanghal affair is not settled soon,” the advices added. Improved conditions in Shanghai and withdrawal of part of the defense forces were reported. by Consul Gen- eral Cunningham. Improvement in ditions at Hankow was reported by Rear Admiral McVay. Charge Mayer at Peking relayed a report from Admiral McVay on the destruction of Japanese and British consulates at Kaukiang June 13. A Japanese landing force and 500 Chinese soldiers were protecting for- eigners, the latter troops working out- Isolated cases of manhandling of ‘Yunnanese who remaiged in Canton side the concession, it was added, and THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, Upper: made on North Carolina avenue. Center: owel LAST FIRE HORSES MAKE FINAL DASH BEFORE RETIREMENT (Continued from First Page.) three—three strokes for each member of the team. At the same time it struck fn No. ® it sounded in every engine house in the city and while Barney, Gene and Tom were racing out of the door for the last time. members of the department through out the District were standing at at tention out of respect to the faithful veterans. A loud cheer went up from the crowd in front of the engine house as the three big grays leaped into their harness. Many boastful records have been hung up by modernized motorized companies during the past few months, but Barney, Gene and Tom were not far behind their snorting, mechanical successors in ‘getting off.” Twentytwo seconds from the time the gong sounded until they were in harness and crossing the curb was the record for their fare- well run. Recently a Baltimore com pany of the latest motorized ap- paratus beat the world records with ference there when conditions are taken into consideration Driver J. H. Gately, who guided the three veterans to many a genuine alarm in years gone by, held the reins and the horses were groomed their best. Manes had been carefully combed, their sleek coats of gray glistened with recent currying and their big hoofs were polished until they fairly shone. The harness, too, had been given a new coat of polish and the resurrected engine the horses dragged along had been rehabilitated for the occasion. Crowd Gathers Around Horses. The run covered the prearranged course, from the engine house at North Caroline avenue and Sixth street to Lincoln Park and back. The horses were stopped for only a few seconds at a plug near the park and then slowly trotted back between lines of applauding men, women and chil- dren. Arriving at the engine house again, Barney, Gene and Tom backed their apparatus into its place and were unhitched. As they were lined up in front of the house preparatory to being turned over to Mr. Fay, the crowd surged around them eagerly, every one striv- ing to stroke their manes. Barney, Gene and Tom lived up to their repu- tations for gentleness, too, for they stood clamly accepting each tribute. It was with difficulty that the police made room for Commissioner Fen- ning, Chief Watson and Former Chief Wagner whan the moment for turning the horses over to Mr. Fay arrived. Barney, Gene and Tom may have appreciated the wreaths sent to them by The Star, but they apparently feit the flowers would taste better than they looked. Before former Chiet ‘Wagner knew what was taking place Barney had gobbled up a goodly mouthful of the roses and Gene and Tom were straining their necks for their share. The wreaths, however, were quickly hung in places where no foreign casualties had_Reen r.‘unn. they were saved from further demoli- 10 seconds, and there is not much dif-; Gene, Barney and Tom showing old-time form In responding to make-believe fire today. When Commissioner Fenning and fire officials decorated the equine heroes. George S. Watson, Supt. William J. Fay of Blue Plains, Commissioner Fenning and former Chief Frank J. Wagner. Ready $o be taken to Blue Plains, where they will spend their remaining days in peace and comfort. ANSELL ON NEW SCHOOL APPROPRIATIONS BOARD Personnel of Committee Is An- nounced by President James G. Yaden. Personnel nf\lhp committes on ap- propriations of the District Public School Association was announced to- day by James G. Yaden, president. Brig. Gen. S8amuel T. Ansell, for- mer president of the organization, is one of the new members. Others are Dr. U. J. Danlels, Walter Irey, Mrs. E. R. Kalmbach, Mrs. Daniel Murray, Mrs. Giles Scott Rafter, Capt. Julius I. Peyser, George A. Warren and Presi- dent Yaden. The appointments were made on recommendation of Ira B. Nutter, chairman of the committee. . GRAND DRAGON JAILED. Klan Official Given 10 Days for Failure to Produce Books. DENVER, June 15 (#).—Federal Judge J. Foster Symes today sen- tenced Dr. John Galen Locke, grand dragon of the Ku Klux Klan, to serve 10 days in jail and pay a fine of $1,500 for contempt of court for failure to produce his books for examination by Government agents investigating Locke’'s income tax returns. paratory to leading Barney, Gene and Tom away he turned to Commissioner Fenning and Chief Watson with thi promise: “Mr. Commissioner and Chief Wat. son: We accept the trust repoged in us by you and the thousands of ad- mirers ‘and lovers of this wonderful trio of horses. We have afforded refuge to many an old fellow, both man and horse, who had been buffeted by old age and adverse circumstances. You may rest assured that these faithful veterans, like many of their predecessors, will ind a haven in the green flelds and shady pastures be: side the Potomac at Blue Plains. “They will work, but they will only do invigorating, health-glving work— the kind that gives zest to an appetite for four quarts of oats and an abandon to roll in green flelds after the tasks are done. We already have horses —=some of them former fire horses— ‘which are so full of the joy of living that they have to be led from the flelds at nls&x to keep them from kicking up their heels and rolling in the clover too long for their own good. “We pledge ourselves to loving care of these favorites of the people, now committed to our keeping, and romise each one of them conditions avorable to a happy and ripe old age.” Thus Barney, Gene and Tom went to their rest from hard service. They were not hitched to some farm on and driven off to Blue Plain ut grooms walked every step of the six or seven miles beside them, each still wearing its garland of roses, so that those persons who could not attend the ¢ onies at No. 8 Engine Con- pany ‘might have a look at th ) S8 MONDAY, HEROES OF MANY FIRES RESPOND TO GONG FOR LAST TIME. Picture Left to right: Fire Chief TIDAL BASIN BEACH BELIEVED DOOMED Opposition by Madden Con- sidered to Have Barred Any Plan for Reopening. There seems to be little prospect that the Tidal Basin bathing beach will be reopened to the public this Summer if the statement from Repre- sentative Madden, chairman of the House appropriations committee, is to be taken as final. Representative Madden in a tele- gram to Representative Blanton said that he was not in favor of the law as passed, but now that it is law, he would not sanction its violation. A copy of this telegram, togather with a lengthy letter, was received in the of- fice of public buildings and public parks today, but in the absence of Col. Sherrill, director of the bureau, who ‘s at Warrenton, Va., officlals would not make any comment on the matter. Col. Sherrill is handling this matter personally in his office, and it is known by those close to him that, while he is in favor of opening the beaches, he is not inclined to take steps in this direction unless he could get the unofficial sanction of Repre- sentative Mad&en and other members of_Congress. Officials in the public buildings ana public parks office, though they would not discuss the matter ofi- clally for publication, gave it as their opinfon that the telegram from Mr. adden ends the matter for this Summer unless there {s pressure brought from some other source. Mr. Blanton, in transmitting the telegram from Mr. Madden to Col. Sherrill, sald that he did not believe that the law, intended to abolish the Tidal Basin Beach and he indicated that if the director of the public build- ings and public parks asks for an appropriation with which to build beaches at other places he would strenuously oppose the proposition. Representative Blanton said that he challenged Col. Sherrill and Mr. Mad- den to show any law which directs the former to dismantle the Tidal Basin Beach. He said that to appropriate money for the construction of beaches else- where would be an absolute waste. Mr. Blanton said that the proposal made by the Citizens’ Advisory Coun- cil is fair and sensible in every detail. Under these circumstances, he con- tinued, it would be simply ridiculous to let you waste $10,000 dismantling the Tidal Basin Beach and then let you waste another $10,000 construct-. ing other beaches elsewhere that would be no better. “And Chairman Suter and his citi- zens’ council,” he went on, “had bet- ter fight to retain and utilize their ample facilities already established G. A. R.. and Rev. C. R. Stauffer, pastor of Ninth Street Christian { Church. The ceremonies will be JONE 15, 1925. CAPTTAL HONORS 0LD GLORY TODAY Flag Day Celebrations Held by Departments, Schools and Organizations. Washington today is paying tribute to the Galahad of flags—Old Glory. It s the birthday of America's emblem, of the whole world's symbol of fundamental equality of oppor- tunity, of the incarnation of the evangel of liberty for the individual to achieve liberty by accomplishment Throughout the land millions, of all creeds and colors, are hearing this gospel, and espectally in Washington, the city which has been built to in- carnate in brick and stone what the flag incarnates in cloth and colors Yesterday was the occasion for the eighteenth annual celebration of Old Glory's birthday. Since it conflicted with the Sabbath, most of the actual observances are scheduled for today. Hundreds of Flags Fly. Prodably the most picturesque tribute was in the huge court of the Post Office Building, bedecked with | hundreds of United States flags and | flags of nearly all the States. Every day a 170-foot-long American flag is flown in the court, but on Flag day | it is furled and brought out ain | during the ceremonies. The Post Of fice Department in 1908 inaugurated among the departments here the celebration of Flag day. has one of the most complete collections of | State flags in existence. Only Kansas, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon and Wyoming are missing, gome of these having no State flags. Of the territories and dependencies | Hawail and Porto Rico are repre | sented Department employes will stop | work an hour earlier than usual for the ceremonies, which will begin at 3 p.m. These will start with an invoca. tion by Rev. William A. Lambeth, pastor of Mount Vernon M. E. Church South, after which every one will join in singing “America.” The Army Band then will play and a succession of patriotic musical numbers will fol low. Soloists will be Mary Sherier Bowie. soprano; Earl Carbauh, baritone, and Tt Sergt. A. Lutkiewitz of the Army Band, piccolo. This double sextet will sing: Miss Helen Howison, Mrs. Mary Sherier Bowie, Miss Richie McLean, Mrs. H. B. Thomas, J. F. M Bowie, William E. Raymond. Newton Hammer, W. W. Gantz, Fred East Earl Carbauh, W. H. Clark and J Frank Duggan. Earl Carbauh will be musical director. Capt. William J Stannard will lead the band and Byron Blodgett will be accompanist. Flag day exercises were held at 1 pm. in the east wing of the Navy Building. Maj. Gen. John A. Lejeune, commandant of the Marine Corps. de livered the principal address. Secre- tary of the Navy Wilbur, accompa nied by chiefs of the various bureaus and senior officers on duty in Wash ington, occupied the stand. Afte the invocation by Capt. Evan W. Scott, chief chaplain of the Navy, two color guards, one from the Navy and one from the Marine Corps, presented the colors to the Secretary and his staff for salute. Then the color guard turned toward the audience, and_the flag was again presented. The Navy Band played, and Gertrude Lyons led | in singing “The Star Spangled Banner.” Flag day exercises with a reception to new citizens will be held at the Americanization school, Tenth and H streets, at §:15 pm. The D. A. R..| the Naturalization Bureau and the Americanization School, Tenth and H | are co-operating with the school au thorities. American flags and copies of the “American's Creed” will be presented to those who have com- pleted successfully the course. Wal. ter 1. McCoy, chief justice of the Dis- trict Supreme Court, will preside. Flag day will be observed in vari- ous public schools about the city. Speakers will include Hosea B. Moul- ton, department commander of the G. A. R., at Central High: Frank L. Peckham. department commander of the American Legion, Macfarland Junior High: Arthur L. League, de. partment commander of the United Spanish War Veterans, High, and Gen. Anton Stephan, com- mander of the District National Guard, at Buchanan School. Ceremonies Tonight. Ceremonies will be conducted to. night at & p.m. on the east plaza of the Capitol. Principal addresses will be made by John McElroy, past senior vice commander-in-chief of the participated in by the G. A. R., Wom- an's Relief Corps, Boy apd Girl Scouts, Daughters of Veterdns and Auxiliaries to Sons of Veterans. Picturesque services in honor of the flag were held yvesterday afternoon at the Sylvan Theater. under the aus pices of Washington Lodge of Elks. The building of the Liberty Bell by Lemuel Robey and fellow lodge officers was a feature of the occasion. Using a pedestal overhung by the Stars and Stripes, a group of red roses, signifying courage, formed the base of the bell. Upon the roses was placed a mass of white lilies, signi- fving purity, and upon the lilles was placed a cluster of violets for fidelit P. J. Callan delivered the Elks’ tribute to the flag, in which he traced the history of Old Glory from the stormy era of its birth to the present. Musical selections were rendered by St. Patrick’'s mixed choir. The principal address was deliver- ed by Roger J. Whiteford. McKinley | Sabbath Workers In Spain Must Get I Hour for Church By the Associated Pross. MADRID, June 15.—One hour off to attend ‘church must be given to all persons who are compelled to work on Sundays, in accordance with a roval decres just published in the officlal Gazette. It is stipu- lated that there can be no deduc tion from wages because of this time off. Employers who do_not comply with the decree will be fined, the money being applied to the work men’s pension fund. CODLIDGE DECLINES 10 CUT SUGAR DUTY Finds Present Cost Doesn’t Warrant Reduction of Tariff Half Cent. By the Associated Press. President Coolidge will take no ac- tion for the present on the recom- mendation of a majority of the Tariff | Commission for a reduction of % cent a pound in sugar duties. The President, in a statement made the commission’s report, said he did production were sufficiently estab- lished under present conditions to war- rant any change in the duty. | However, should decreased produc- tion or other conditions compel the consumer to pay ‘‘the abnormally high price complained of in 1923.” Mr. Cool- idge said, the change might warrant reconsideration of his decision The average New York wholesale price of granulated sugar was 5.4 cents a pound in 1923 when the com- mission began its investigation. and on May 7 iast, the President pointed ouc, the price had dropped to 5.48 cents. was 4.9 cents a pound. Submitted Year Ago. The commission’s report was sub- mitted to the White House nearly & year ago and after the investigation had caused a bitter controversy with- in the commission. Chairman Marvin and Commissioner Burgess comprised the minority, while reduction of the rate was favored by Vice Chairman Culbertson and Commissioners Costi- gan and Lewis. Commissioner Glassie took no part in the hearings because of financial interest in the subject. Discussing the issue at length, the President points out that the commis sion failed to agree on the difference in cost of producing domestic and im- ported sugar. and divided three to two on the question. He asserts that fluctuating prices in the last few years have made it next to impossible to arrive at accurate calculations, and emphasizes the necessity of protect- ing the beet sugar industry, of en- couraging farmers to diversify their crops, and of providing an adequate sugar supply for the American con- sumer. At_the conclusion of his findings, the President, however, makes this | statement “If. through decreased production or other conditions, the world market should be relieved of the weight of sugar now pressing upon it, and the consumer should again be compelled to pay the abnormally high price com- plained of in 1923, the change in con- ditions might warrant a reconsidera- tion of the present decision to post- pone action upon the recommendation offered” in the majority report of the Tariff Commission. Difference Insufficient. “After full consideration of all facts shown in the reports of the members of the Tariff Commi: says the President’s statement, “I do not find that differences in cost of production |are sufMciently established under present conditions to warrant any | change from the present duty The commission’s sugar investiga- tion was initiated in 1923, under the flexible provisions of the tariff law, which empowers the President to make increases or reductions in duties to the extent of 50 per cent. At that time, it is pointed out by Mr. Coolidge, the average New York wholesale price of granulated sugar was 8.4 cents a pound, as compared 10 a pre-war average for 1309 through 1913 of 4.9 tents a pound “The abnormally high price of sugar in 1923 the President adds, ‘“fur- nished reasonable grounds for com. plaint and suggested remedial action through reduction of the tariff on raw sugar.” Controversy Bitter. A bitter controversy developed in the commission over the question, Vice Chairman Culbertson and Com- missioners Costigan and Lewis com- prising the majority in favor of a reduction in the rate, while the minority was made up of Chairman Marvin and Commissioner Burgess. Commissioner Glassie did not partici- pate in the inquiry on account of a congressional stipulation that no member was to take part in hearings on a subject in which he or members of his family were financially in- terested. By the time a majority submitted its report to the President on July 31, 1924, the wholesale price of re- fined sugar was quoted in New York at 8.37 cents a pound, dropping still further to 5.48 cents on May 7 last, “Our flag is great because the peo- ple it represents are great.” he said. “It represents high ideals because the ideals of our people are high." More deeds for the flag and less meaningless talk about it were urged by Mr. Whitetord. By Consolidated Press. KANSAS CITY, Mo, June 15.— Electrical winds, blamed by some on radio broadcasting, but by the more scientific on friction of sand in the air and atmospheric condi- tions, are killing crops in Kan- sas. The electrical winds also are charging windmills, barbed wire fences and even horns of cattle with current that makes them loom up at night and shock per- sons who come in scontact with them during the day—at least those occurrences are being re- ported to Kansas agricultural au- thorities. And, as a result, Kansas officials seriously are considering setting up lightning rods throughout the corn belt to carry off the current. J. C. Mohler, secretary of the board, says the matter is no joke. “I would not say that radio cur- rents have anything to do with it,” he said. “But the winds make growing plants shrivel up.” 8. D. Flora, State meteorologist, also doubts that radio has any- and available than to expect anything from your plan to spend $200,000 next year, as you are going to have a fight thing to do with the new blight. He said his investigations reveal that the current-laden winds blow it s stated in the findings, while the current price of raw sugar—4.27 cents—compares with 5.78 cehts a year ago and a flve-year post-war average of 7.38 cents. “The current price of 214 cents per Lighting Cows’ Horns Just One Freak Of Electricity Charged Kansas Wind “Sometimes these winds will charge the steel frame of a wind- mill with so much electricity it will almost knock a man down if he touches it,” he said. “The wind has been known to electrify auto- mobiles so the ignition system would not work, and the cars would be stalled. Western Kan- sas people have learned to meet this situation by fastening chains to their cars and letting the chains drag, to conduct the elec- tricity Into the ground. “These winds have been known to electrify barbed wire fences so that lights appear on the barbs at night, resembling rows of lighted candles. Men have been shocked severely by touching wire fences in paths of these winds. “One man reported that one night when he was driving a herd of cattle in such a wind the tips of the horns of the cattle began to glow with the lights.” Flora’s explanation of these phe- nomena is that the wind gathers up particles of dry dust which are charged with electricity, and the dust particles transfer the electricity to the things they are public yesterday on the findings of | not find that differences in cost of | The pre-war average for 1909 to 1913 | IAVERAGE INCON IND.C. 15 §3.3% Tax Returns for 1923 Show Washington Workers Lead Rest of Nation. The District of Columbia led the Nation in the percentage of population filing returns on incomes for the cal endar year 1923, according to pre liminary report of statistics of income made public by the Bureau of Internal Revenus last night As estimated by the Bureau of Cen- sus, the population of the District as of July 1, 1923, was 475,966 and the number of returns filed was 75,976 or 15.92 per cent. The reason for this high percentage, which is larger than that for any other State or territory in the Republic, while not officially given, is believed to be due in large part, to the number of salaried em ployes in Washington who are unmar ried and are allowed only an exemp tion of $1,000. Average Income $3,755. The net income reported for the Dis trict of Columbia was $284,662,234 and the average net income per return was $3.755.10. The income tax for 1923 was col ilected under the revenue act of 1321 which allowed an exemption of $1,000 for single persons, $2,500 for married persons and heads of families whose net income was $5,000 or less and 2,000 for those whose net income | was in excess of $5,000. The total number of income tax re turns for the year 1923 for the Nation was 7,698,321, revealing an aggregate .t income of $26,336,337.843, on which taxpayers turned into the treasury a tax of $703,962,165. Compared with 1922, the figures show an increase of 910,840, or 13.43 per cent in the number of rsturn and an increase amounting to $5,000. 125,313, or 23.43 per cent, in ths total met income, but a decrease of $157» 095,143, or 18.24 per cent, in thertotal {tax. | National Average $342L. The average net income per Teturn [for 1923 was $3421.05; the average amount of tax $91.44, and the gverage taxe rate was 2.67 per cent. Taxes shown in the tabulations represent the amounts reported on the return less the 25 per cent reduction pro- vided for the revenue act of 1824. | "The proportion of the population filing returns for the whole country {was considerably below that for the District of Columbia, or 6.94 per cent. The per capita net income reported was $237.27 and per capita income tax was $6.34. For the preceding year, based on the estimates of the popula- tion as of July 1, 1922, the proportion filing returns was 6.20 per cent, the per capita income reported was $194.72 and the per capita tax was $7.86 New York State reported the largest | number of returns, 1221654, with a net income of $4,870,167.176 There were 74 incomes of $1,000.000 and over reported; 141 of incomes from $500,000 to $1,000.000. 327 of in comes from $300,000 to $500,000, 1,301 of incomes from $150,000 to $300,000, 330 of incomes from $100.080 to $150,000, 12,504 of incomes from 000 to $100,000, 40,176 of incomes from 1$25,000 to $50.000, 208,945 of incomes from $10.000 to $25,000. 697898 of in comes from $5,000 to §10,000, 1,687,528 of incomes from $3.000 to $5.000, 2 412,804 of incomes from $2,000 to $3.- 000, and 2.373.784 of incomes from $1,000 to $2.000. There were 388,50 returns of incomes under $1,000. The number of wives making sep- arate returns from husbands was 170,573, and the net income reported by such wives was $023,268,689. The number of men making returns as heads of families was 413.682. the amount of net income reported on such returns was $1,258,846,888. The number of women reporting as heads of families was 157,669, and the amount of net income reported by such women was $476.642,823 pound, duty unpaid, on raw sugar, Mr. Coolidge declares, “is below rage of pre-war prices. Onl the slump vears of excessive produc- tion, such as 1921 and 1913, have the prices of raw sugar sunk to such low levels. As compared to pre-war com- modity prices, sugar is relatively one of the cheapest articles on the Amer. ican market. Refined sugar, approxi- mately back to pre-war prices, stande out in contrast with the general food price index, which is estimated at ap proximately 50 per cent above pre- war ““The American farmer receives ad vice on_every hand to diversify his crops. He proceeds to do so by going in for sugar beet culture, protected from the competitive impact of cheap Cuban labor by a tariff duty of 1.784 cents per pound on Cuban raws. The American farmer is thus in process of building up a great home agricul tural industry, which at once im proves the farmer's soil, enables him 1o diversify crops and tends to release the American people from dependence upon the foreigner for a major item in the national food supply. The farmer is entitled to share along with the manufacturer direct benefits un- der our national policy of protecting domestic industry. Money Is Needed. “Money must be found to meet the appropriations voted by representa- tives of the American people. It is e timated that the sugar import duty vielded the National Treasury last Vear (1924) $135.099.106 out of a total revenue from all imports of merchan dise of $545.231,859. To make the pro- posed reduction would cost the Treas- ury about $40,000,000 each yea. “I do not say,” he continued, “that such foreign combinations in restraint of trade exist in sugar at the present time, but the whole tendency of the development of foreign sugar produc tion is in the direction of larger hold- ings. In the long run there lies in this, therefore, certain dangers to the con- sumer which can only be safeguarded by an assurance of competitive do mestic supplies. ““Our annual consumption of sugar has increased by about 1,000,000 tons in the last decade, until it has reached 103 pounds per person yearly. The in terest of the consumer will in the long run be served only by the ample sup. ply of the product. This can only be assured by the maintenance of our beet sugar industry. “It must be borne in mind that the retail price of sugar to the consumer during the past six years has varied, due to the changes in the volume of supply and demand, from 614 cents to 26 cents per pound. The proposed re- duction of duty amounts to one-hal? cent per pound, and did the consumer benefit by all of it temporarily (and from the forces in motion even this is unlikely) he would in the long run be more likely to suffer from much larger rises in prices due to the shortening of supplies.” With referance to the wide diver- gence in calculations as to the cost of producing _domestic and imported sugar, the President said this appeared fundamertally due to wide fluctuations in costs in different vears and parts of the country for which averages have been taken. Varied 200 Per Cent. ‘These variations,” he declared, “have been as much as 200 per cent and in itself seems to indicate that a longer period of more stable condi