Evening Star Newspaper, March 5, 1925, Page 6

6 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition, WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY......March 5, 1925 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office, 11th St. and Pennsylvania Ave. New York Office 110 Fast 420d St. Chicago Office: Tower Building. European Office : 16 Regent St.,London, England. The Evening Star, with the Sund rdition, ix delivered by carriers within the city at 60 cents per month: daily oulv, 45 s per month; Sunday only, 20 cents per month. Orders may be sent by mail or tel phone Mafn 5000. Collection s made by cal riers at ihe end of each won! Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday..1 yr., $8.40: 1 mo., 70c Daily only. .. 1yr., $6.00; 1 mo,, 50c Sunday only. “1yr., $2.40; 1 mo,, 20¢ All Other States. Dalily and Sunday.1 yr., $10.00; 1 mo,, 85¢ Daily only 1¥r., $7.00:1mo, 60c Sunday only J1yr., $3.00;1mo, 25¢ Member of the Associated Press. The Associnted Press s exclusively entitled to the ‘use for republiation of all news dis patches credited {0 1t oF not otherwise credited in ¢hls paper and also the local news pub. ished “herein. Al rights of publication of eclal dispatehes hereln are also reserved The Inauguration. The inauguration of Calvin Coolidge as President of the United States in s own right yesterday was truly enjoyed by the people of Washington and the thousands of visitors gath- ered here for the thirtieth inaugura- tion. Despite the solemnity of the occa- sion, and the somewhat unusual sim- plicity of the ceremonies, the old-time splendor and joy of an-inauguration were not lacking. The tremendous crowd at the Capitol, the scores of thousands who watched the proces- sion, and the 5000 persons at the fnaugural charity ball at the May- flower in the evening, made the occa- sion one of happiness. For the inauguration of a President of this Republic is a time of rejoicing the highest and best sense of phrase. In the hearts of the people, those people whom it is not possible to fool all the time, lies a just sense of the happiness of each time when a good man and great is made head of the Nation. There rode with Calvin Coolidge vesterday not only living men of up- rightness and honor, eminent in the Nation today, but there went with him an unseen multitude of the great men of old. The New England ancestors of the President seemed to hover over the historic route of the parade along Pennsylvania avenue, adding to the solemnity of the The old patriots were there, the long line of fathers of the Republic, of which George Washington was chief. Sterling attributes of character marched in that parade, all those at- tributes of honor and virtue which, despite human failings, have gone to make this Nation what it is today. So, while there was lack of ap- plause, there was no lack of full ap- Dreciation of the inaugural, of what it meant to the Nation, of its essen- tial dignity, and also of its essential joyfulness. The high tide of happiness came at the charity inaugural ball at night at the new Mayflower, where 5,000 per- sons gathered. tended many of the inaugural balls of the past united today in declaring that the ball of last night was the most brilliant in history. There were more eminent men there, there were more color, more happiness. An inaugural, it must be remem- bered. is not entirely in the hands of the President. In «u sense, it is not in his hands at all. An inauguration is & solemn occasion, it is true, but at the same time it is a joyful one. Just as in life happiness is mixed with solemnity, 8o at an inauguration festivity has a proper place. And the wishes of the people must be con sidered along with the desires of the main character in the pageant. There are those who dreaded that, with simplicity and economy the watchwords of the celebration, the quality of impressiveness, so funda- mental a factor in the induction to office of the leader of this Nation, would be lost yvesterday, and perhaps for all time. This was not nor will be the fact, yet inly the policy of inaugural simplification has been car- ried as far as it should be in times of national prosperity. For the dignity of the United States would seem to de- mand a glorious, soul-stirring Inaugu- ration, one that will send the people back to their homes, net only in Wash- ington but throughout the country. impressed anew with the glory of their land in the scene, cer e he success of an inauguration, so far as national interest is concerned, is not to be measured by the number | of grandstands along the Avenue. r———— The Vice President and the Senate. | A new champion has come out of the West to tilt with the rules of the | Senate, which practically—though not theoretically—at times prevent jority rule. Vice President Charles G. Dawes, in his inaugural address, speaking as the officer elected by the . people, who must, under the Constitution, preside in the Senate and enforce the rules, demanded a reform. His address, de- livered before his seat in the Senate was yet warm, startled, and incensel many of the Senators. They see in his address an attack upon the Senate and upon themselves. Members of the Senate, however, when they have an opportunity to di- gest the observations of the Vice Pres- ident, when they have heard from the country its comment upon his sugges- tions, may be inclined to amend their ma- chamber aroused first and, in some cases, violent reaction | ‘o this criticism. There are Senators who for years have felt there should be tightening of the rules which per- mit unlithited debate on any subject, irrespective of the measure before the Senate. The impotence of the Senate to act has been severely criticized in the past and more frequently in recent vear Woodrow Wilson, when the country was on the verge of war, in biting terms denounced the “little band of willful men” ip the Senate who pre- ' Those who have at- | vented action on the armed neutrality resolution then demanded by the ad- { ministration. So aroused was the coun- try over use then made of the Senate rules, and so aroused were the Sen- ators themselves, that an amendment to the rules—the so-called cloture rule —was adopted on March 8, 1917. This cloture rule, however, is the mere shadow of cloture. It hes been | invoked but once, though threatened a number of times. It was invoked to ibring to an end the interminable de- | bate on the Versailles treaty and the | League of Nations covenant. To ob- tain cloture two-thirds of the Senators voting must agree. A motion for clo- ture must be presented to the Sen- ate, signed by 16 Senators, and on the second day thereafter that the Senate is in session the motion must be voted up or down. If the necessary two- thirds vote is cast, then debate is limited to one hour to each Senator thereafter, a total of 96 hours, should every Senator avail himself of his privilege under the rule. The Senate has long been proud of its title—the greatest deliberative body in the world. The freedom of speech is untrammeled in the Senate. But the privilege at times has been abused. Sometimes, it seems, the Senate’s duty to transact public business is forgot- ten in the desire for talk. Is there any conceivable reason why a Senator should be permitted to talk about hog cholera when the subject before the Senate for consideration and action is a treaty with Great Britain, for ex- ample? Yet this is the effect—and un- fortunately too often the practice— under the existing rules of the Senate. Granting for the sake of argument that the right of free and unlimited debate should be retained in the Sen- ate, there are at least two reforms which would work toward more effi- clent and prompt action by that body. One calls for a change in the Senate rules themselves. The other calls for an amendment to the Constitution. By amending the rules of the Sen- ate so that a Senator must confine his remarks to the precise issue actually before the Senate, a great step forward would be made. It is a common occurrence in the Senate for a Senator to rise in his place and launch into a discussion of a subject as foreign to that actually before the Senate as the North Pole to the South. By amending the Constitution and | the laws of Congress itself, so that there shall no longer be a “short ses- sion” of Congress every two years, the great opportunity for filibustering tactics will vanish. Twice the Senate has voted overwhelmingly in favor of such reform, and twice the House— or, rather, the leadership of the House—has refused to allow the pro- posal to come to & vote in that body. The proposal was fathered by Senator { Norris of Nebraska, and is designed to do away with “lame duck” sessions of Congress. Under it Congress would meet in January of each year and would continue in session until it con- | cluded its work. By these two reforms much could be accomplished, and the right of un-| limited debate in the Senate still con- tinue. Tt is true that a filibuster can be maintained in a long session of Congress, but in the end it must prove | futile, if the majority insist upon keeping the debated measure before the Senate. The propriety of Vice President | Dawes’ attack upon the Senate rules | {at the time of his inaugural has been | ! questioned. The Vice President took | | the only opportunity offered him to } make a speech in the Senate. He has I no right of debate, nor has he a vote |in that body. except in case of a tie | | vote. Thomas Riley Marshall while| himself Vice President described the | | Vice President of the United States as the “greatest listener since the Sphinx set itself down in the Lybian Desert.” | Mr. Dawes probably was not 8o con- | cerned with the proprieties as he was | with the need af accomplishment, when he deliberately attacked the i rules of the Senate on the first time | he faced that body. Mr. Dawes has | a reputation for direct attack. When he assumed the office of director of the budget, he called in all the high exec- utive officers of the Government and iaid down the law to them. When the Army was under attack before a con- gressional committee, Mr. Dawes de- | fended it, earning the sobriquet “Hell | ana Maria” on that occasion. It may be that the Vice President has taken a step that will make his stay in the Senate unpleasant in a measure. But it was a courageous step. .ot There is a great deal of “unfinished Dbusiness” among branches of the Gov- | ernment and great industrial corpora- tiohs. The unfinished business brought | to attention by the adjournment hap- pens to be the most conspicuous. PEERS S LT The President of the United States is one of the officlals who can be ap- pointed by the direct vote of the peo- ple without waiting for the advice and consent of the United States Senate. e | One of the notable features of a grand occasion was the eminently sat- isfactory performance of the Weather Bureau. So far as the efficlency of the old ‘bultleship is concerned, it is still able | to give Gen. Mitchell a blowing up. | # ————— The.Lamond Grade Crossing. | The Lamond grade crossing, a place | of several fatalities, will be done away with. In the deficiency appropriation bill passed by Congress two hours | before adjournment the District of | Columbla amendments adopted by the Senate remained in the bill. One of those amendments provided $59,000 for removal of the Lamond grade !crossing. Washington fought the | grade-crossing evil until by the ‘eleva- tion of tracks and depression of streets, or by elevation of stréets and | building of bridges, every grade cross- ing believed to be of any danger was done away with. In the nhorth part of the District and then far in the country were two or three places where a wagon road and railroad tracks crossed at the same grade. That part of the District grew fast in population. 'The country road be- came one that was traveled by a con- | other places by plane, and hundreds H to cross the tracks at grade. During the past five years several fatal acci- dents have happened at some of those crossings and there has been demand for their abolition. Plans have been made for eliminating all of them. General interest in the matter would be keen following a tragedy and then become rather dull, but the Commis. sioners have Kept in mind that these grade crossings ought to go. most used of them and that at which the largest number of accidents have happened is the Lamond crossing and the appropriation guarantees that that crossing will be made safe. There are other grade crossings in the Dis- trict and these will be appropriately attended to when funds are available. l Inauguration “Movies.” Motion pictures of the inauguration were on the screen in Washington before inauguration crowds-went home to dinner. Persons who watched the train of autos carrying governors and others at the tail of the procession and then dropped into moving picture houses saw movies of the President and his party leaving the White House, saw the President take the ocath of office at the Capitol and saw him deliver his inaugural address. Thousands of persons who saw only the parade or .one of the other fea- tures of the ceremony saw all impor- tant parts of the ceremony before go- ing to dinner, or when they went to the movies after dinner. No doubt in- auguration films were sent to Phila- delphia, New York and scores of of thousands of people hundreds of miles from Washington were looking at scenes of the great (1undrennial. ceremony before the waste paper and apple cores dropped by the crowd of spectators had been swept from Washington streets. Inauguration pic- tures were reproduced in San Fran- clsco a few minutes after being snap- ped in Washington. Thus the photo- graphic art grows, speeds up and ex- tends its influence throughout the country. Some of the picture houses in connection with reels of the Cool- idge inauguration 8howed reels of other inaugurations beginning with that of President McKinley, in 1897, the first ceremony of the kind of which moving pictures were made. Then fol- lowed reviews of the inauguration ceremonies of Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson and Harding. The pictures showed the transition from the horse and carriage to the motor age. The motion picture people do not lack enterprise, and in giving Coolidge inauguration fMms to the people before the ceremonies were many minutes over the motion picture shows itself a quick and zealous ser- vant of the people. oo —— The Retirement Bill. The adjournment of Congress with- out action upon the retirement bill is a cause of the keenest disappointment. It was confidently hoped that notwith- standing the great pressure of busi- ness opportunity would be found to se- cure concurrent action by the House upon the Senate measure already passed. In fact, there was opportunity, for the House of Representatives did not tully use the time available before the gavel fell. The bill failed of pas- sage, not for lack of time, but because of a decision that it should not be passed, doubtless on the score of econ- omy. The effort to secure this needed legislation for the relief of the an- nuitants who are keenly suffering from a lack of sufficient means of sub- sistence will be renewed at the next session. The fact that the Senate has passed the bill at this session will avail then to advance its chances of adop- tion. There is no difference now on the score of the principle involved. In- deed, it is believed that if the bill had reached a vote in the last days of the session just closed the House would | have approved it overwhelmingly. De- spite changes of personnel in the Sixty-ninth Congress this measure. should command the same support. ————————— ‘When Gov. Ross passed, the brass band missed an opportunity. They ought to have played "Seeing Nellie Home."” ——— It So Yar as weather conditions are concerned, the groundhog and the ele- phant are evidently friends. SHOOTING STARS. BY PH[M.\'])EVB JOHNSON. March 4, 1925, It didn’t rain. It didn't snow. The path was plain "Neath skies aglow. And so, the day Was, more or less, A grand display And a success. Economies, “Have you studied political omy?” h “Not thoroughly,” answered Senator Sorghum. “My salary compels me still to devote my attention to the rudimentary branches of personal economy."” econ- Why Hesitate? The brakes on taxes we will jam Till things are working thus: Instead of paying Uncle Sam We'll have him paying us. Jud Tunkins says you can’t expect an inauguration to be as exciting as an election, when there was some- thing to bet on. Birds. The early robin has a lay Which vainly he may sing. The Lame Duck, as he went his way, Was hailed a sign of Spring. Distracting Attention. “Are you fond of dancing?” “Not very,” answered Miss Cayenne. “Then why do you dance?" “It at least helps to take the mind off the music and the conversation.” Patience! We've had Inauguration day. It simple methods irk us, The-folks who want a big display Can wait for Barnum's circus. “1 believe in prudence an’ foresight an’ all such things,” said Uncle Eben siderable number of persons and new suburban roads or streets were made “but not to de extent of carryin’ load- ed dice.” STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., THURSDAY, THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. ' The library was deserted. Silence of the kind that is supposed to reign in them had fullest sway. One fully expected to hear a pin drop, only there was no one there to drop it. A deserted Ilbrary! The librarian had flown the coop of his little desk, the readers were away at goif, and only 1 was left to drink of the nectar of the gods. I like my libraries deserted. It is the public that spoils libraries! And yet, since most of them were found:d for the public, one ought not to expect any privacy in them except that of his own thoughts. There is something fascinating about deserted places. The imagination thrills to visions of the Sargasso Sea, with seaweed and octopl struggling for dominion, or to storles of the {llimitable Sahara Desert, its lions, sand and oase: Goldsmith's famous poem, “The De- serted Village,” owes some of its perennial charm to this enticement felt by human beings for the place that ought to have life in it, but does not. Research among the ruins of ancient cities, such as Pompell, proves fasci- nating not only to the explorers but also to the public at large, as witness the extreme world-wide interest in the excavation of the tomb of Tut-ankh- Amen. The spirit of quiet prevails, where once was laughter and song, perhaps. Streets long ago filled with the roll of chariot and tramp of human feet, now observe strange silence, as the Invaders walk with soft steps, fearful of disturb- ing those who are no more. Over all dust and dread, and the re- grets of the years, and silence as of the tomb, and memory of things that are no more. Fragments, where once stood temples; broken bits, that once were statues; dreams, that were reali- ties. * ok K % Something of this feeling carried over to the deserted library, left lving there with the eastern light streaming in the windows, sending strange glares over the shelves, with their books piled high. “A great dlary contains the dlary of the human race,” some one has said. It holds more than that. It contains the dreams and aspirations of men and women, the best purposes of the human soul, bound between covers for all who will to read. There is sadness in a library, espe- clally a deserted library, as well.as the happiness of intellectual pursuits. Much as one has to be fitted to enjoy golf, or bob-sledding, so the user of libraries needs to have a liking for books. 1 cannot imagine a more miserable pen. for one who does not care for books, than a library. To such a man the place of books would be worse than a prison, because it would be to him a reproach Those silent voiumes would stand there, seeming to say to him, “Dumb- bell, what doeth thou here? Disturb not my dusty covers; hie thee away to the parlors where the billard cue is in its heydey, or thence to the busy halls of the dance. “There thy nimble feet those of thy Dumb Dora, and thou wilt be happy there. But here both thy soul and miné—for books have souls—are ill at ease, as Is the mind of the man who knows nothing but coal when he meets one who loves nothing but music. Hence, away, ldle creature, what doeth thou here?" To the friend of books, however, the volumes speak a different lungusge The sensitive ear can hear them saying: “Ah, friend, welcome here! ‘When the librarian is away, the books will play. We are not all staid and musty, as that comical fellow, Dumb Bell, will follow | thinks. We frolic and frisk, and have entertainment for the leisure hours, too. as thou well knoweth. “Welcome, friend. Givs us tiy hand. We resign ourselves to thee in the full knowledge that thou wiit not break our backs thoughtlessly, or rumple our leaves with wet thumb, or go to the extreme of abstracting Whole pages by the roots. “The love for us was Implanted in thee at they blessed mother's kn. i Tenderly thy baby fingers were taught to handle us. Today thou hast a twofold love for books, loving us as things, almost persons, and as en- tertainment, knowledge, help in time of need, joy in hours of leisure. ~ “Friend of books, take into thy heart the love and gratitude of all books! When the library door opens, and we see thee entering, we welcome thee with fluttering pages. Thou art come into thine own.” * ok ok % That place that does conta’ My books, the best companions, is to me A glorious court, where hourly 1 converse With the old sages and philosophers. “The medicine chest of the soul” said the anclent Greeks of a library. A library is more than that. Wheth- er it be deserted, for the time being, or crowded with readers, keeping as silent as they may, a library is not only a medicine chest, where one may obtain balm for a wounded spirit, A library, at its best, is a very fountain of health and life itself. It shows the discriminating what others have done and thought, and ad- monishes them to go do likewise. Here may be found the very root experiences of the human race. All that time and men, working to- gether, have been able to find out, lies enshrined, as flies are supposed to be embAlmed in amber. What a deal men have found out, since the cave dwellers first put flinty instrument to smooth wall, and rude- ly carved thereon the first book! Slowly, line on line, the books of the world have been written. Their num- ber is so vast, their erudition so extensive, their knowledge of some things so pitiful. One nnot look at the books of a library without feeling, now and then, that despite this vast pretense of knowledge, men know little more to- day about many matters than they did thousands upon thousands of yeurs ago. The trouble is, that each man who comes into the world must begin again. Each life is like the newspaper man's day, in which diurnal round what he writes mustt stand for him and be representative of him. What he wrote yesterday is mostly forgot- ten—he is judged solely on what he writes today. So it is with the life of man. Each newcomer to this world walks under the shadow of his own hat brim, whether he realizes It or not, and on | his own efforts, mostly, will the world | judge him | Each man has something to over- | come, something to learn on his own, and in this all the books of the world | can only help. The man may read the most true treatise on conduct, and yet go right out and do the opposite. That is life. Books, then, can give one no more than life offers. Life's perplexities, doubts, fears, joys, are faithfully mirrored forth in books, but what one sees there depends largely upon the eyes he has to see with, The mysterfous life and fate of man the Iibrary does not solve. The Whence and Whither one can find only hinted at in books, whether in a de- serted library or a full one. The book of the Spirit of Man is the last authority. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. When Cortez with his little band conquered the mighty empire of Mon- | tezuma, there were two tribes which he never subdued. One was his ally, the Tlascalans, hereditary enemy of the Aztecs. The other was the tribe of Tule, located in what is now Pana- ma, in the region of the coast of the Caribbean Sea, That tribe (sometimes incorrectly called Tala) is today in armed revolt against the Panama government, and, with an army of 2,000 organized and trained warriors, it defies the Panama forces as the Tuleans have always defled outside interference with their independent republic. The Tuleans number some 40,000. Amongst them are the famous white Indians, about whom much discussion was centered u few months ago then an American engineer, R. O. Morse, brought some of them to Washington and New York for sclentific investi- gation. Scientists are not all agreed as to the phenomenon of White Indians. Some find easy explanation in declar- ing that they are albinos; others ac- cept them as a distinctive race. Whence came their ancestors? Accord- ing to Mr. Morse, there are about 1,000 of these whites in San Blas—a proportion of 1 out of every 40, which is quite too large a ration for the theory of albinos. Mr. Morse does not claim to have made an original discovery of the whites. According to tradition they have existed since long before the conquest of Cortez, and nobody knows how far back into the ages their genealogy would go. Montezuma is said to have had 100 of them in his royal palace, as curiosi- ties. But so exclusive are the Tuleans that it has been almost impossible for sclentific investigation and confirma- tion of the existence of their whites, until Mr, Morse gained the confidence and good will of the tribe through pe- culiar circumstances, demonstrating that he was not seeking to exploit their interests nor undermine their independence. * % % While he was investigating the country for rubber, an epidemic of smallpox ravaged the tribe and threatened its. extermination. Al- though Mr. Morse Is not a physiclan, he sent to the United States for a supply of smallpox vaccine, and with it he stopped the epidemic. That con- vinced ‘the tribe of the sincerity of his good will. He told the leaders that he purposed to use his best ef- forts to induce the powerful United States Government to_purchase from Panama the Soyereighty of the San Blas region with the view to protect- ing the tribe in its independence. So completely was their faith established in Mr. Morse that they permitted him to bring to the American Capital two white Indian girls and one white boy, together. with a few brown Indians. Press disputches, within the last few days, have been burdened with sensational statements that Morse had raised the United States flag and taken possession of San Blas In be- half of . this country. Other reports were to the effect that he had raised the United States flag, and under ‘its protection hed donated the San Blas country not to us, but to Columbia, South America. More or less mystery hangs over the situation, since no direct informa- tion can come out of San Blas, and our State Department is unusually secretive concerning 1t. An American cruiser has appeared off the coast “to protect American interests,” and a Panama army or body of police is said to be marching toward San Blas “to restore order,” and several Pana- mans are reported slain by the de- fenders of Tule independence. * ok K k All of the Panamans who are in the army are negroids—<blacks. = No whites have suffered from the Tulean hostilities. But the Tuleans hold both whites and blacks as enemies of their Independence, sice both are accused of persistently encroaching upon their territory, the boundary of which Is undefined. Within the last day the press dis- patches report that Panama h: Te- ceded from its earlier accusation that the Amerfcan explorer Morse was the inciter of the unrest, and has with- drawn its order for his arrest. Ac- cording to Mr. Morse, the revolt ap- pears o be the climax of the negroid crowding upon the Tulean territory and liberty. * % ¥ % If now the Morse project to have the United States take over the San Blas region and assume a “mandate” over the tribe of Tule, it will enlarge the problems of our Bureau of Indian Affairs by adding in the one unit one- sixth as many Indians as we now care for., There are today in the United States approximately 344,303 Indians, divided in some 200 tribes. Each tribe is a distinct problem; the whole Indian population cannot be dealt with as a unit, for conditions differ widel Two-thirds of our Indians are now citizens of the United States. Up- wards of 100,000 have become so ad- vanced in education and civilization that they are released from guar- dianship of the Federal Government, leaving 240,917 still as Government wards. These have Increased 13,600 in the last census decade. * K K K It is somewhat surprising to the Caucasian American citisens to learn that of the 92,000 Indian children who are eligible to attend school—wheth- er public ‘schools or Government In- dian schools—6,200 are out of reach of schools, leaving practically eligi- ble 85,500. Of this number 65,000 are actually in schools—75 per cent of eligible Indian pupils being in school, as contrasted with only 65 per cent of eligible white children in school: * K X ¥ Just as each of our 200 tribes con- stitutes a separate problem, by rea- son of ¢limatic and agricultural con- ditions and tribal languages, so would the Tule Tribe of 40,000 present a new problem. The Tuleans are not sav- ages; they are agricultural and self- sustaining, as our present tribes might have been self-sustaining, too. if the Government poliey had not pampered and restricted them for generations, so that they largely lost their willingness to work, since they knew the Government would feed and protect them without work. The Tuleans have their own customs and their own religion. According to Mr. Morse, they have maintained the purity of the race with greater strict- ness than any other known people. There is no intermixture of blood. Even their own Whites are segregated trom the browns at the age of 12 years and forever kept apart. They are alert and eager to learn, espe- clally industrial knowledge. Their religion recognizes one supreme god, ruler over many lesser gods—spirits in trees and hills and various ob- jects. Immorality of sex is punish- ed by immediate death of all con- cerned, including even the offspring. The white Tuleans are sald to be stronger mentally - than - the others. According to sclentists, thefr lan- guage indicates a Sanskrit deriva- tion. He attributes to the white In- dians the creation of all the civiliza- tions_that flourished in pre-Colum- bian ‘times, in Mexico and South Amerlca. Tradition of the Aztecs told of the earlier Toltecs, who were sup- posed to be white, and especially of a white god, who taught the peoples the arts of agriculture and industry. and who disappeared ages ago Wwith a promise that he would return. When the Spaniards came, breathing fire from their weapons and showing such superior intelligence, they were mis- caken _becauge of their lighter skins for the long-promised returning white gods. (Copyright, 1925, by Paul V. Colline.) MARCH 5, 1925. THE NORTH WINDOW BY LEILA MECHLIN. ‘Wl sald a farm hand on a bright Summer day, pausing in his plowing to admiringly inspect a sketch in wi ter colors made by a young artis “ain’t it pretty? Now I reckon you all'll taks it down to tne city and have a Gozen or_so struck off.” In his ignorance of original and repro- ductive methods this man was by no means unique. In connection with the sensational Stone Mountain con- troversy which has lately been rag- ing, and to which much space in the public press has been given, the sug- gestion has been made more than once that “another sculptor would be procured to finish Gutzon Borglum's work.” Suppose, instead of a work in soulpture, which this presumably was, it had been a commission for a portrait, and when half done dis- agreement had arisen between paint- er and sitter—would the least in- formed of the latter have suggested to the former that, having already pald half of the stipulated price of the finished work, he or she was en- titled to withdraw It and have it completed by some one else, some one of a more equitable temper and In- dustrious habit? To be sure, in the matter of sculp- ture there is more mechanical inter- vention between the original model and the production of the completed work, and much of this can be in- trusted to the hands of a merely skillful assistant. As a rule, the sculptor nowadays produces a small size model, which iz mechanically enlarged, but over this enlargement he watches with jealous care, cor- recting errors and finally putting on those subtle touches which give life and personality. In some instances, when an artist has died before a monumental work in sculpture was completed, another sculptor has been called in, gemerally in consultation with and with the permission of the executors, to complete that work, but rarely has such a procedure brought forth a completely satisfactory result Art is a purely personal matter and the artist whose work Is not stamped with his own individuality has little creative genius. Obviously, therefore, one man cannot begin and another finish a work without loss of spirit. Few persons look alike, talk allke, dress alike; why, therefore, should we expect artists to paint alike or model alike? * 5 ox % A building which has been com- pletely designed by an architect and| for which all the plans and specifica- tions have been drawn may possibly be erected in accordance therewith if he dies, but no reputable archi- tect woul take over the work in process of building if for any reason other than his own free will he aban- doned the project. There is one out- standing instance of where this was | one. The Cathedral of St. John the | Divine in New York was originally | planned in the style of the Roman- | esque. When a certain portion of | ‘the bullding was erected the bullding committee decided that it would be Ibetter to have 1t Gothic, and a change | was made at that time, not only in style, but in architects. The archi- tect of the original plan withdrew and one who had made a specialty of the Gothic took his place. A com- plete revision was made. The one {did not dream for a moment of car- rying on the plans of the other. Even in this instance there was much adverse criticism, 2nd many in the profession considered the action un- athica: | * x xx A work of art is essentially a cre- ation. The painter or the sculptor who merely copies nature is an im- itator, not an artist. Herein lies the difference between the ordinary pho- tograph in color and the painting, the wax lay figure and the work in sculpture. This element of origi- nality is precious to the artist; that which he creates is the child of his brain and is as exclusively his own as the human child whom all the world acknowledges. It is this cre- ative ability which places the artist in a group apart and which brings | to him his keenest sense of enjoy- ment; naturally, therefore, he will not surrender it lightly. No artist who has seif-respect will consent to merely carry out the de- signs of another, and to steal a man’s joriginal design is a much graver |crime than to steal his purse. And vet this is not infrequently done, oc- | caslonally through ignorance. The copyright law is designed to prevent such thievery, and doubtless does, | through imposing a statutory penal- ty, and not a small one, for infringe- ment. At present, however, it s nec- essary for artists who wish to pro- tect themselves to secure a copy- right. In England copyright on orig- inal works is automatic. Possibly some day our own law will be so revised as to rightfully accord and legalize this Inherent privilege. No law, however, can completely satisfy all requirements. To a great extent this is an ethical question, a mere matter of right thinking, and much of the dificulty experienced doubt- less arises simply through ignorance, unacquaintance on the part of a large portion of the general public with artists and their way of working. * % % Judging from an editorial recently published in the Connoisseur, a British monthly, the National Portrait Gallery in London is in like plight to our own National Gallery here—it has completely outgrown the space at its disposal for display. The story is told of a collector, now dead—a great lover of pictures, who purchas- ed so extensively that not only were all the walls of his room covered, his chairs occupied, his tables mad Inaccessible, but his ceillngs lined as well, the paintings being screwed thereto “with an effect more readily to be {magined than described.” This, save the last, is the condition in which the Nafional Portralt Gallery of Lon- don-now seems to find itself; only the ceilngs gre uncovered. The author does nof advocate their use. “A nerv- ous visitor,” he jocosely remarks, “when he sees Sir Arthur Cope's large group of admirals who commanded in the war, or Mr. Sargent's equally colossal eanvas of the generals gin- gerly . poised above his head, may probably -fly the building; nor will the more -atrong-minded. like to crick their necks to gcrutinize the placid tures of Sir lsaac Newton, or to dmire ‘the sensuous charms of Nell Gwyn.” The British government, like our own, is pledged to economy, but the British writer says: “There could be no truer economy than to provide sufficlent funds to make the National Portrait Gallery fully efficlent. No in- stitution in the country is more cal- culated to foster legitimate patriot- ism, nor to give a more vivid, inti- mate and comprehensive idea of Eng- lish history.” But what makes this editorial most remarkable, is its conclusion. Here it is: “If England herself is not rich enough nor sufficiently interested to house it properly, let the government ell it. Our American’ cousins, or our nearer kinsmen of the great domin- ions, would gladly secure this won- derful memorial of the men and wom- en whose genius and achievements form the common glory of the Anglo- Saxon race To Britishers what an awful threat! Up to the présent writ- ing, however, the collection has not been advertised for sale. £ % % This whole problem seems to re- solve itself into the question of whéther or not in building our pub- lic collections we shall have quantity or quality. Ours is the day of quan- titative production.” We have a great deal of everything, rather than a littde of that which is superlatively fine, The perfection of the machine ‘has.made- GuaRtitative pre on 50 ! { Essex Institute, Sajem, Q. Can a dirigible stop in midair?— L B A. In perfectly still air; it will hover by stcpping the engines, while in a win¢ tae engine can be fixed to counteract: the wind. Q. How near total was the eclipse of the sun in Washington?—C. P. R. A. Here it was 95 per cent total. Q. When was it that a rafiroad traick was laid on ice across the Sus- quehanna River, and trains nassed over it, from shore to shore?—J. A. McN. A. From January 15 to 24, 1852, such a track was laid and 10,000 tons of freight were carried in 12378 cars Q. Would a ocube of steel sink to the bottom of the ocean or remain suspended part way?—J. G. H. A. In general it may be said that anything that will sink to the bottom of a glass of water will also sink to the bottom of the ocean. Q. What is the average egg pro- duction per hen per year in the United States?—J. J. M. A. The Department of Agriculture says that the average laying produc- tion per hen a year in the United States Is 70 to 80 eggs. Q. How long does last?—M. J. M. A. The copyright term is for 28 years, can be renewed for 14 more and ~xtended for 14 more, making 56 in all. Q. Which method of canning is ter, the hot pack or the cold pack J. W K. A. The Department of Agriculture prefers the hot pack a copyright Q. How is milk chocolate mad L. B. ¢ A. Milk chocolate is made of Eround cocoa bean seven pgrts, pow- dered cane sugar nine parts, milk powder six parts, cocoa butter three parts. The material is very finely rolled at a temperature of from 60 to 70 degrees C. immediately molded. Q. Of what natlonality is Douglas Sedgwick, who wrote Anne “The The finished mass is| ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC' J. HASKIN married women promise to use their maiden names?—A. W. S - A. A league known as the Lucy Stone League was for:ned several vears ag> in which the members pledged themselves to retain their This society is still ac- Where is Pipe Spring?—W. E. A. A new national created in 1923 is known as Pipe Spring. It consists of an old stone fort and spring of pure water in the desert region of Arizona and servi as a memorfal to early pioneer life. monument Q. Are thermos bottles covered by patents?—C. M A. The broad principles in the so- called thermos bottles are public property, the original patents having expired. Other patents relating to the bottles of that type will expired during the years of 1925 and 1926 There are, however, many patents still in force covering special ideas or improvements in such bottles. The public is able to make, sell and use bottles containing only the construc- tion disclosed in thie expired patents and care should be taken not to in fringe patents which are st force through the employment of im provements that are covered thereby Q. I gave a donation for the con struction of a hospital. Can this amount be deducted from income tax?—R. J. J A. Contributions be deducted when | return. Q. to hospitals can filing income tax How many insane persons are |there in the United States?—J. D. S | ,,A. The 1920 census gave a total of | 232,680 insune persons in the United States. {9 cast A reality Q. What difference is there be- tween pity and sympathy? E. 8. A. Sympathy is a feeling “kindred { with that of another for his state or | condition.” Sympathy implies a de- gree of equality which pity does not ne seep iron vessel?—C. J. K. It may seem to do but it creeps over the edge. Does ker through a in Little French Girl"?>—E. J A. She is an American by birth, but has lived abroad since she was 9 years old. Q. Who was the original of Mr. Micawber?’—H. T. B. A. It is supposed that Dickens' tather was the original of this char- acter. Q. What was “calthrops”?—B. C. C, A Ithrops were clusters of spikes thrown on the ground in an- cient warfare to Impede the advance of cavalry, ment maintain troops in China?—G A 8 A. The United States has main- | tained troops in Tientsin, China, since | the Boxer uprising. The 15th In- | fantry is stationed there. Q. Was the Old Testament finished before Christ was born?—W. T. D. A. It is belleved that the Old Testa- ment records were completed before the time of Christ. did the title “Old Glory™ be applied to our flag?— Q. How happen to C. M R A. The origin of the term “Old Glory. as applied to the American flag, is contained in a letter written by Robert S. Rantoul, president of the Mass., where the original flag is still kept. Ac cording to a report, Capt. Driver of Salem, in 1803, commanded the brig Charles Boggett, which sailed on its famous ¥ovage Which resulted in the regcue of thé mutfrisers of the- Brit- ish_ship Bounty. A #dging this service contains Driver's autograph and bears the words “My country and my flag, Old there an organization in which Producers and New York's fight against indecent plays has stirred comment from editors In all parts of America. The press very generally takes the atti- tude that New York, being the point of origin for everything on the stage of the country, is of vital importance elsewhere. “New York is the:fountainhead of the Nation’s theatricals.” deciares the Houston Chronicle, - “Therefore New York’s responsibility s great and New York managers who refuse to be bound by the dictates of decency should be forced to respect public opinion. Why men cannot, or will not, be decent is the unsolved and seem- ingly unsolvable riddle. When the public rises and pillories unclean plays, driving them from the light into. the dark places of discarded things, replacing the authority of pub- Iic judgment with offiolal censors, the theater will have only itself to blam The Wichita Beacon believes “the drama 1s undoubtedly due for a Spring cleaning, and if the theatrical pro- ducers will not do it the law will have to do it for them.” Decency, says the Chicago Tribune, is not a sturdy vegetable in the hu- man garden, but it is more highly prized than some of the producers may think.” The Tribune continues: “If they want censorship, Kkluxers, Wilbur Crosses and Comstocks un- loaded on the theater these producers are going the right way to get it. If they want a free theater and contin- ued success they should elean up now, before they are cleaned up.” In the opinion of the Louisville Post: “The mistake New York is making is in giving too much publicity to, without action against, the objectionable per- formances. The longer New York de- lays saraight-from-the-shoulder ae- tion the more the producers will profit. Censorship laws repugnant to the spirit of the country are not re- quired to meet the situation. There are plenty of laws on the statute offenses agairist _good taste. New —_— e Y there is a distinct evidence of recog- nition of the superiority of quality. No longer are the walls of our exhi- bition galleries hung from floor to celling, as they were, for example, in the National Academy of Design 40 or.50 years ago. When there Is not sufficient gallery space to display an entire collection a portfon of it is held in reserve and the exhibits are changed from time to time. In this respect gift collections often prove an embarrassment (o museums unless they are given with oug restriction. Probably the most embarrassing question which con fronts museum directors is what to do with works of art that have been regeived as gifts and after a period of-years have ceased to prove worthy. Some have suggested that such out- grown exhibits might be lent to young institutions in other parts of the country, but the-young institu- tlons, though poor, are ambitious and aré not willing, in most cases. to ac- cept what the big museums .do not think worth their showing. The only e. embarrassment is n connection with the upbullding of our National easy that this habit or inclination has increased. Om the other hand, how- wver, In epite of the genmeral trend, Galiery of Art this policy should un- doubtedly be firmly and unremitting- ly enforced, Q. Does the United States Govern-| letter acknowl- | books of any State to remedy these | Countess Potocka's name | pronounced?—v. M. E ] V& Potocka is pronounced as fol- |lows: Po-tos’-kah | Q. What is the largest national |and international women's organiza- tion ?-— . R A. The Young Women's Christian Association. .Q. Should a retired wear his uniform to a reception?—E. E. A | A. The Navy Department says that it is optional whether a retired naval officer dresses in uniform or in civil ian clothes in attending a White House reception. In either case, how ever, he should bo dressed in full evening attire. Q. How office House naval White | Q. How many of the Pilgrims sur vived the first Winter in this coun try?—W. N. | A. At the end of the first Winter in | Massachusetts there remained only |51 of the colonists. This group in< | cluded five boys and two giris. | Q. Areall the cobwebs which catch 4 | dust in corners on ceilings and in cel- | lers actual spider webs?—T. B. | A. Many caterpillars spin irregular strands of silk before making their | regular cocoon, and sometimes such | strands accumulating dust are found in houses. Q. Did George Washington's father flive to see his son become Presi- | dent?—n. A A. The father of George Washington { Med white"the son, was still a small | ehild. | (Let The Star Twjormation Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Twenty- first and C streets northwest, answer vour question. The only charge for this service is 2 cents in stamps for return postage.) the Public Burcau Blamed for Stage Faults York's legal department should do less talking and more acting. It ought to be possible, thinks the Nash- lle Banner, “to go about discover- ing whether or not any given play deserves a clean bill of health with- out giving the theater in which it is running its best week's busimess in years.” * X % % “It may be asserted,” savs the Port- land Express, “that what will payv best is rather a low standard by which to-datermine the forms of pub- lic entertainment, but it is, of course, true that if plays are to continue to be given they must be profitable. What many theatrical producers seem to meed to learn is that there is no money to smut.” To which the Reno Gazette adds: “The players, clean- minded men and women, do not want the lines that are handed to tiem, but it s that or nothing. So it is evident that the reform must come from the outside and the producers and play- wrights be taught that, however witty vice and immorality may appear to be from their mental point of view, its place is in the now extinct barroom— certainly not In the theater.” And the Cincinnati Times-Star observes: “Some of our producers should be thorough- 1y ashamed of themselves; they have sold their reputations for about as vile messes of pottage as any for which venal souls ever have been bartered.” “The best that can be said for theV anti-liberty movement,” remarks the Charleston Post, “In so far as the drama is concerned, is that the cen- sorship is likely to cost the world very few masterpieces.” An official censorship, according to the Duluth Herald, “is the last thing any think- ing American wants to sce.” The Herald continues: “If there ever was an official censorship that was not stupid, it is not recorded. Yet, if the panderers among the pro- ducers continue to inflict foulness upon the stage, anything, even an oificial censorship, would be justified.” The box office, in the opinion of the Ind!anapolls News, “is the solution after all, and the most effective con- trol lles with the public’ The News adds: “Whenever managers can no longer make large profits on vile plays, the stage will come to the reals ization that it has a good purpose in the life of the country.” X % % % “When ‘Little old New York from the indecent shows,” remarks the Harrisburg Telegraph. “we may assume that the turn has come in public sentiment on this question.” The Charlotte Observer adds: “When New York has thoroughly cleansed Broadway, some few will ralse a great hue and cry of too many legis lated morals. But millions of others will breathe a sigh of relief': The Sioux City Journal reflects: “The in- dividual who contributes to the con- dition by patronizing a theater that offers an objectionable play sli into the street after the performancé. He Is not forgotten; instead he i mever !known. 80" he drops from sight juntil the next offering of similar lchar- acter 1s announced—or goes 16 an other. box. office where something just as spley may be had at the regular price. The stage is not altogether at fault. Standing room only readily explains that the public also is to blam, turns |