Evening Star Newspaper, February 19, 1925, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTO N D. ¢ THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 1 m’ "THIS AND THAT THE EVENING STAR 'With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY . ..February 19. 1925 THEQDORE W. NOYZS. . . .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business. Office, 11th St. and Penn: New York Ofice: 110 Eant Chicago Offic European Office : 18 Regent 8t., Londs The Evening Star, with the Snuday morning | sdition, in delivered by carriers Within the €its ai 60 ceats per month: dailr oniv. A cents per month: Suuday ouly. 2 month. Orders may be ent by majl or tele- | pione Maln 5000. Collection is made by car- tiers at the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. ® Daily and Sunday..1yr., $8.40; 1 mo, Daily only . Sunday only All Other States. Daily and Sunday.1 yr., $10.00; 1 mo. Daily only 1yr, $7.00;1mo. Sunday only J1yr. $3.00;1mo. Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Prass is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dis- ratches credited to 3% or not otherwise credited fn ‘this paper and also the local news pub. Jished herein. Al rights of publication of special disvatches herein are also reserved. = Potomac Bathing Beaches. It Congress in conference shall de- cide that the Tidal Basin is unfit for full use by the whole of the Capital community for public bathing pur- poses, and that consequently there should be no enlargement of bathing heach facilities on its borders and that as soon as it is practicable the exist- ing bathing beach structures should be disused and removed, our Legisla- ture will doubtless put its decision into practical operation in a way that will not abruptly deprive the com- munity of a prized health-giving priv- ilege like that of the safe and regu- lated enjoyment by swimmers and bathers of the waters of the Potomac. In other words, Congress will not. it is believed, deny the people of Washington during the approaching hot months the use of the Tidal Basin bathing “beach facilities, unless the conviction is forced upon Congress by evidence that is convincing that any further use of the existing bathing beach is an absolute menace ‘to the public health, and unless it pro- vides simultaneously better bathing beaches somewhere else. The people of a modern, progressive city on the banks of a great river Iike the Potomac forfeit some claim to wise progressiveness if they do not utilize the waters of that river for safe and sanitary municipally regulated swimming and bathing. Such use of the Potomac by the people of Washington has been se- cured with painful slowness after vears of struggle to overcome obsta- cles. Bathing beach beginnings were marked by personal sacrifices of time and vitality and money in the public inirest. The bathing beach has finally won its way to recognition as a popular health-promoting institu- tion, wisely sustained by the munici- pality, performing a useful and highly important municipal function. Congress, our municipal legislature, may by wise constructive legislation develop and improve our bathing beaches, shifting them to safer or more sanitary locations, with a wider range of public use. Our bathing beaches may well be bettered; they ought not to be destroyed. Park areas are the city’s lungs, its breathing places, as well as its show places. The recreational health-pro- moting function of the parks is even more vital than that of delighting the eve by unbroken artistic loveli- ness. In the last few years from 100,000 1o 400,000 bathers have been recorded at the beach In every Summer. On one very hot day 11,000 were recorded. Congress in its municipal legislation of take into account these thousands who exercise their muscles and expand their lungs by swimming, as well as the other groups of Potomac Park users who for outdoor exercise play polo or golf or tennis or foot ball or base ball. and as well as the multitude who derive physical benefit from walking driving in the park and who in fractional part take' artistic delight in the picturesque beauty of their park environment. course, or S O S — seems to think of | rending for Col. Bryan, who once showed confidence in his ability to wolve all kinds of currency problems off -hand. ) Naval Conference Feelers. Tt is welcome news in this’ country, and ought to be welcome abroad, that the American Government is putting out “feclers” as to the practicability of another international conference for the further limitation of naval armaments. It is both a natural and w logical expectation that this Gov- ernment should seek to complement the achievements of the Washington conference of two years ago by in- viting the nations to consider if the time has not come when they can afely relieve themselves of more of the burden of naval armaments. The program agreed uporn in 1923 now has been carried out in full by all the contracting nations; the resulting ben- efits have been realized in better bal- anced budgets, and the taste left. in the mouths of taxpayers has been a pieasant one. Certainly the burden bearers of the world have an appetite for more of the same diet. President Coolidge is neither being led nor driven to the steps he is taking looking to another naval con- ference. He announced during the cainpalgn and again in his message to Congress last December that he hoped to initiate such an effort when a “favorable opportunity” presented itself, and he now is merely making £0od his word. The European Initia- tive for an a 'ms conference, as rep- resented in the Geneva protocol, ap- parently has come to naught, and lately there have been intimations from responsible Kuropean sources that an American initiative would now be welcome. France never | cern economic questions, as has been urged in Congress. The complications in- volved, both in land armaments and in economic problems, are in general so removed from direct American con- that it is probable that if the scope of the proposed conference were ¢ widened 1o emlrace them its chances of any successful outcome would be seriously diminished. The President would be happy, of course, if he could help to bring about limitation of land armaments in Kurope, but he is a practical wan and knows that some- thing more than wishing is necessary to such an achievement. A further curtailment of naval armaments seems within the realm of possibilities, and it is far better to get the half loaf that may be had than, by trying for too much, fo get nothing at all. e Memorial Bridge. After many years concurrent action is had by the two houses of Congress upon @ bill providing for the con- struction of the projected Memorial Bridge across the Potomac, linking the North and the South in ‘physical union and providing proper access to the national cemetery at Arlington. Heretofore this measure has been approved only by the Senate, usually in the form of an amendment to one of the appropriatiop bills, and it has been ignored by the House, or, when in amendment form, eliminated in conference. Now, as a separate ‘measure, it commands an approving vote in the House of Representatives of 204 to 125. The bill was amended in the House and therefore gobs to conference. There fs time for its final shaping and enactment before the close of the session. In one respect the amend- ments are of particular interest to the District. A provision was adopt- ed by the House that appropriations made for the cost of the bridge shall be divided between the United States and the District of Columbia “in such a manner as shall then be determined by Congress to be equitable.” This is the first time that it has been pro- posed that any part of the cost of this strictly national memorial struc- ture should be borne by the taxpayers of the District. This bridge will be more than a mere commercial, traffic-bearing high way. It will be a monumental struc- ture, designed to commemorate the reunion of the States and to estab- lish a link between the National Cap- ital and the natiorfal cemetery and, by extensions beyond Arlington, with Mount Vernon, the home and last resting place of George Washington. It will incidentally benefit the people of the District and those of Virginia, who would in any arrangement of the costs share in the expense through their contributions of Federal taxes. It will more distinctly benefit the people of all the country through affording to them a proper, dignified and inspiring avenue of approach to two of the natfonal shrines, the final homes of the soldier dead and of the first President. In 1922 Virginia contributed in na- tional internal revenue taxes to the fund from which the money to build the Arlington bridge will be taken $14,453,808; in the same year the Dis- trict of Columbfa contributed in the same kind of national tazes to the same fund $11,533484. Thus if the Arlington bridge is buiit as a national memorial entirely from national taxes the District of Columbia will con- tribute to its construction more per capita and almost as much in gross as Virginia. If this were a mere inter- community commercial connection be- tween the District and Virginia both communities would contribute to the cost of the structure. But since it is a national memorial project the Dis- trict and Virginia, treated exactly them be required to add to their con- tribution toward Arlington bridge building, which is made in their pay- ment of national taxes. In respect to certain features of the project, the widening and open- ing of streets within the city to afford better approaches to the Memorial Bridge, there may be ground for some participation by the District taxpayers in the cost. Those features, however, are pertinent to the park develop- ment of the Capital rather than to the bridge project itself. There is no justification in adding a blanket provision o the bill that the cost of the entire work, bridge, approaches and park treatment altogether, should be shared by the Distriet with the United States on any fixed basis. The feeling of congratulation that this great work has at last been ad- vanced virtually to the stage of defi- nite enactment is therefore tempered by the reflection that in pursuance of its policy of adding steadily to the tax burdens of the District the House has done what was never heretofore contemplated, in stipulating that a portion of the cost of the bridge shall be borne by the District. The hope is that the Senate, to which the bill is now returned, will so.correct this matter, eithey by eliminating the cost-division paragraph entirely, or by so framing the paragraph that the District will share only in such costs as may pertain to street and park developments within the city proper. o Practical advice on economy shouid be obtainable from almost any Govern- ment employe, who has been study- ing the subject faithfully for years. v The Traffic Bill. passed the traffic bill. It has been amended to meet certain “objections, particularly in respect to the penal- ties to be imposed for particular vio- lations and in respect to the number of additional policemen to be enrolled for the enforcement of the traffic rules. It is still a good bill, and its enactment is most desirable. . Differences of opinion as to the pre- cise rules to be adopted for the gov- ernment of traffic, or as to the precise penalties to be imposed for their vio- lation, should not block the passage of this measure, which is so highly essential to the protection of the pub- lic. Traffic conditions here at present Apparently the cffort the President is making is confined to a conference on naval armaments and does not embrace either land armaments or are deplorably bad. The streets are daily scenes of violence and tragedy. A spirit of defiance prevails on the part of a small portion of the driving alike by the Nation, should neither of | After much travail the Senate has| public and others are menaced. Con- fusion prevails in the minds of many drivers as td precisely what is re- quired of them. Violators when caught are ot adequately punished, owing to the prevailing collateral sy tem and the congestion in the court. 1t is proposed by this bill to es- tablish the office of director of traffic, to be held by a person of particular competence and to be supported by an adequate police force for the enforce- ment of all rules and régulations. Ad- ditfonal judges will serve on the Police Court bench to care for the volume of business. With the Mght sort of administration of the law it should make for a decidedly better condition in the streets. Though time is brief and the con- gestion in the House of Representa- tives is intense, the hope remains that this bill will become a law before the close of the session. It should have gone over from Senate to House several days ago. It goes now, how- ever, in a form to lessen the objec- tions that may be raised against it and with dpubtless a keener sense of need on the part of the members of the lower branch of Congress. They are personally concerned with other residents of the District. They are fully acquainted with the conditions and cannot fail to appreciate the ne- cessity of reform to make the streets safer. It is hoped that they will pass the bill at the first opportunity. Increase of pay for Senators and Representatives is a delicate matter. A popular impression that in order to be a patridt a man must by some supernatural means be freed from the ordinary cares of living expenses is responsible for the embarrassment. ——o— Aircraft and explosives could, it is asserted, destroy even as big a town as New York. However, Manhattan is not the only large city on the world map, and to destroy it would set an exceedingly bad and influential prece- dent. = o The illness of Mussolini is mentioned as “not serious.” This will not be ac- cepted without question by the aver- age Itallan citizen. Anything that af- fects in any degree the personal effi- clency of Mussolini is serious. o The Japanese will employ girls as conductors on electric Ifes because they demand less wages than men. The geisha is no longer a gentle figure of poetry and song. She is in touch with the world and means business. SR ARAG AN Events move 8o rapidly that when an eminent personage is ready to write his memoirs the public is thor- oughly interested in a number of other things. ——— Having started his career as an |author of propaganda, Trotsky will finish it by giving the reasons why his theories would not work. e Those who predicted the “‘end of the world"” are now prepared to admit that a prophet may be most comfortable when he finds he was entirely wrong. ———— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON Posterity. Let me dawdle and dream In an indolent scheme Through the ways that my father went. , Our grandsires were strong | And they'd earnestly long For thelf’ progeny’s peace and content. grand- So leave me at rest As I dine on the best, Contented to loiter and shirk; Assuming, indeed, That for family need, Dear Grandfather did all the work. But don’t be too free ‘With the family tree. At Darwinian theory stop, Lest our sustenance might Be dependable quite On an obsolete cocoanut crop. Paternal Subordination. “Wasn't George Washington father of his country?” ““Oh, * replied Senator Sorghum; “but since woman suffrage there has been a Gilbertian impulse. The fathers don’t seem so influential as the sisters and the cousins and the aunts. the Ostentation. The honest hen unheeded goes. For praise ghe'll feebly beg. The way the rooster struts crows— You'd think he laid the egg' and Simplification. “Clothes are very expensive.” don't, see why,” said the tired business man. “With so many Sum- mer resorts and Winter resorts, we shouldn't have .to bother about any- thing but bathing suits.” Jud Tunkins says one way to get a reputation for smartness is to pick out something nobqdy understands and pretend you know all about it. Managing the Stops. Upon pipe organs I can't play. Though pleasure it might earn us; 1I'd be content to learn some day | The dampers on a furnace. Inpressed. “And he offered you his hand and his heart?” “He did,” said Miss Cayenne. “Were you impressed “Much. Of course I couldn’t see his heart, but his hand had a big dia- A robin 50 early has ventured to sing When Winter seemed planning his ‘worst. 1 care for no king who's been having his fling, But I'm strong for old Robin the First! *‘Sometimes I feels sympathy foh de man dat fells falsifications” said Uncle Eben. “Mebbe de reason he done it was dat he-was toe poor-to hire a lawyer.” L BY CHARLES E. “The Secret Agent by~the late Joseph Cohrad, published in_1907 by Doubleday, Page & Co., Is the sub® Jject of today's review of an old book. mple tale of the pineteenth century,” as Conrad ironically called the tragic story of anarchism in Lon- don, contalns two unforgettable pic- tures, that of the “professor’” and that of Stevie. The “professor” carried explosives constantly and never lo#t his life, while poor Stevie toted: a bomb just once—and stumbled over a root. -The author was at some pains, in a note written in 1920, to declare that in telling this story he had “not in- tended to commit @ gratuitous out- rage on the feelings of mankind.” In- deed, he did not; but he did write a book that could never have originated in America. Conrad wrote all his novels in Eng- lish, but he was a Pole by birth, im- bibing with his life's blood some of the tragedy of thal country. There seems to be something unfortunate in the outlook of many literary Euro- peans, Perhaps it is because their land has gone through so many genera- tions of living that life has soured a bit for them. The United States, on the other hand, is a comparatively new coun- try, and its authors are filled with the happy enthusiasm of discoverers. Even the taint of super-sophistication which is running through some of the books by the younger writers is not sufficiently large as yet to much dis- turb the general optimism of Ameri- can authorshtp as a whole. It was not so with Joseph Conrad. Behind most of his novels stands Fate, Nemesis, something Inherent in life that makes for sorrow and dis- tress. It is the cry of the old Greek tragedians, brought up to date and written in English. Most of his novels end in death. The “happy ending” was not for him. He ended them the way life ends them. * *x % Yet the “Secret Agent” is a fine tale, for all that. To me there is curious de- tachment about a Conrad novei. As t rible as this story is, ] am sensible all the time that I am reading a book. That keeps it from being more than the reader can stand. In this novel, which was dedicated to H. G. Wells, the author told a straight out-and-out story of intrigue among the anarchists and bomb throwers of Lon- don, stringing the action upon the do- ings of Winnie Verloc, married to the “pecret agent.” The story has to do largely with the reactions of the curiously aloof Winnie to life as lived by her in her husband’s small shop, which also ie & sort of rendezvous for anarchists and those so- cialists who longed to tear existing gov- ernments to pieces. It is said that the novel was so true to life that eocialists in America wrote to the author, .ad- dressing him as “Comrade.” Winnie's life hinged around her haif- witted brother, Stevie. Everything ran smoothly in the shop in the little Lon- don side street, until one day Mr. Verloc managed to get poor Stevie blown up when the latter stumbled with a bomb Verloc had given him to raze Greenwich Observatory. Then the pent-up wrath of the woman broke loose, for she never particularly wanted to marry the secret ager way. She calmly enough etic] butcher knife into her husband; her fright, tries to Induce a “‘comrade” to take her to Paris. After getting her on the train for the channel the com- rade backs out of the compact. News- paper dispatches later tell of the drown- ing of & woman. A nice little tale, what? Yes, but curiously interesting from start to finish. How could it help being, with those two most, Interesting characters, the “pro- fessor” and poor Stevie? * £ 3 x We are introduced to the professor as he sits in a basement restaurant. He was a dingy little man who wore spectacles. “His flat, large ears de- parted widely from the sides of his skull; the dome of the forehead seemed Rotorship Idea Old. Writer Tells of Principle Being ? Applied by Briton. “To the Editar of The Star: A recent issue of The Star contain- ed an article from the North Ameri- can Newspaper Alliance, entitled “Principle of Rotorship Power Like the Force That Curves Ball,” in which it is claimed that the law governing that phenomenon was first stated by one Heinrich Gustay Magnus of Ber- lin. So far as the application of that principle to a rotating cylinder is concerned,” Magnus is probably enti- tled to that credit. But the general principle has been known for time immemorial, and was described by Benjamin Robins, an English mathe- matician, in volume 1, pages 150, 19, etc, of his “Principle of Gunnery, published about 1745, more than 50 years before Magnus was born. . The studies and experiments of Robins in that respect were confined to spheres, especially to spherical cannon and musket balls, as cylin- drical or elongated projectiles for rifles were not then in common use, if they had been then devised at all. It was the common practice then to use in rifles leaden spheres a little larger than the bore of the gun, and to drive them down the bore with a rammer, so that their outer surface would be pressed Into the rifling grooves and cause them, when ejected trom the gun, to revolve on an axis parallel to their line of flight. With- out that revolving it was impossible to foretell in what direction the angle of rotation would be, so that the spherical bullet whose lateral direc- tion of rotation was not controlled by the rifiing of-the gun was liable to curve upward or downward, or side- wise or at an angle, and so shorten its- flight. This principle was fully described and demonstrated by many ingenlous experiments by Robins. The difference “between the phe- nomenon as related to a sphere and to a cylinder is only one of application. 1t is the same in principle, which is that an object revolving. against a fluid or air current, whether that cur- rent be like a wind or water current or be induced by the progress of (he] revolving object through -the sur- | rounding medium, will be subjected to a dominating friction and pressure on some distinct part of its surface that will divert it-from the line of its departure. If, as in case of a ship, the revolving appliance is attached to a base that the applied force can- not dlvert in the line of that force, it will move in the line of least resist- ance, which in & boat is lengthwis. But conceding that Magnps discov- ered that principle by his own reflec- tion on the subject, and not from having read Robins’ discusbions, it would only be another illustration of the fact that the vast universe of mind sometimes manifests itself by the intuitional development of ideas of similar kind in different “indi- viduals. : 1f any one is entitled to the tinction of first discovering and pub- lishing the underlying prineiples of- the phenomenon above mentioned it is Robins; B There are other phenomena related to the principle mentioned; which nef- ther Robins nor Magnus seem to have apprehended, as that principle is at the basis of many gyroscopic mani- festations 'and probably of all of them, including the problems of ord- nance ballistics. 2 WILLIAM TINDALL. | er of policé “comes it over” Inspector TRACEWELL. to rest on the rim of the spectacles; the flat cheeks, of a greasy, unhealthy complexion, were “merely smudges by the miserable poverty of a thin, dark whisker. ‘The lamentable inferiority of the whole physique was made ludicrous by the supremely self-confident bearing of the Individual. His speech was curt, and he had a particularly impressive manner of keeping silent.” Yet this little man was the tetvor of the London secret service, for he car- ried with him, day and night, enough explosive to biow himself and & score of men into kingdom come. They knew he would do It, too, rather than submit to arrest. That was his strength, In a thick flask fn his coat pocket he carried the stuff. -But let Conrad make the professor tell how he did it. “1 walk always with my right hand closed around the india rubber bulb! which I have in my trouser .pocket. The pressing of this ball actuates a detona- tor inside the flask 1 carry in my pocket. It's the principle of the pneu- | matic instantaneous shutter for a cam- ! era lens. The tube leads up——""' The gentle character continued: “I have the means to make myself deadly, but that by itself, you under- stand, is absolutely nothing in the way of protection. What is effective 18 the belief those people have in my will to use the means. That's their {impression. It Is absolute. Therefore, I am deadly.” That the professor—which was the only name he had—was not lying was_shown some time later, when Chiet Inspector Heat met him in a dark alley. The police officer warned the professor, who stood his ground, whereupon is recounted as curious a verbal duel as you can find between book covers. The police had no rea- son to place the blame for the bomb outrage at the observatory on the| professor—they knew every move he had made—but they were suspicious, just the same. In the colloquy be- tween the two in the alley each wins —the Inspector on the moral side and the professor on the present, prac- tical side. The officer dared not ap- proach him. He knew the man did not fear death for himself * x % % Altliough Conrad _ undoubtedly meant the character of Winnie Verloc to be the most appealing. probably most readers will find more reality in her brother Stevie, “the degen- erate,” than in her. She is too in- tense, a'most, to be human But Stevie is very human. Lack- ing the balancing power of a good brain, he has just enough semse to reoall the cruelty of his childhood. His mind finds difMiculty in getting hold of abstract ideas. The terrible resentment which the boy undergues when he sees anything cruel is the bright spot in an other- wise harassing picture. For, taken all in all, when any one can respond 50 readily to the effects of cruelty on others, he has much good in him. That is, indeed, the basis for all the modern movement toward the protection of animals. We are only ¢ civilized when our ires is easily aroused at the sight of some one kicking a dog or cruelly beating a horse. ‘Bad world for poor people—bad world for poor people,” stammered Stevie in the greatest sustained speech of his life. So he fell an easy | victim to the plot to carry the bomb and deposit it at the wall of the observatory. The way the assistant commission- Heat for holding out Information on him is very well handled. The “cut- back” in time, introduced with chap- ter 8, glving happenings prior to the bombing, 18 a strain on the reader and seems to me a very poor plece of plot handling. 1 wonder if a less Successful author than Conrad could have gotten away with it. “The Secret Agent.” by the way, is the book that contained—in 180 th lentence: Unhappy Europe! Thou shalt perish by the moral insanity of thy children!” Collins’ Case Cited. No Solicitude Shown For Trap- ped Animal, Says Writer. To the Editor of The Star: The whole country is now center- ing its solicitude on the unfortunate man aught by a bowlder in the Ken- tucky cave. Millions of hearts are touched by his pitiable pii lions of tongues, perhaps, are pray- ing for his release. It {s a magnifi- cent outpouring of concern and sym- pathy for one whose predicament is sadly affecting. Such occurrences make ‘us reallze that human beings have a wealth of feeling for the vic- tims of dreadful misfortune when those victims are fellow human be- ings. Let us look at another picture. Millions of helpless animals are an- nually caught in the jaws of steel traps and are held there s and, sometimes weeks, undergoing the most painful suffering that can be imagined. Yet, there is no outpour- ing of eympathy for them. Their horrible tate does not excite any pity except in the hearts of a few hu- manitarians of the country. Yet there is every réeason for giving these wretched creatures some of the con- cern we bestow on the man caught in one of nature's traps in the Ken- tucky cave. He went into the cave, not of necessity or unawares, byt possibly for idle adventure or a new thrill. The trapped animals are Mired by food to tisfy their hunger. They go into danger unwittingly. All the more pity for them. Let us take the position that animals should have thefr feelings considered as well as the feelings .of mankind, and that every effort should be made to save| them from the agonizing torture of slow death in that devilish device, the steel trap. At the present time a Nation-wide movement is being inangurated by Comdr. Breck, U. S. N.. with the backing of the American Humane Association and its alited organizations, to secure laws declar- ing the use of the steel trap illegal. It Is to be hoped that all humanely inclined persons will aid this cam- paign in every way, and that, in the meantime, all ladie: )buyln‘ fur gar- ments will ask the’ fur dealers for assurances, that the furs in those xarments have been obtained pain- lessly, either from fur farms or by methods which kill the animals in- stantly. JAMES P. BRIGGS, President, Humane Education Soclety of Washington, D. C. Bl Capital’s Persuadin® Ways. ~After this trip of the Kansas Wheat Girl to Washington, where ahe was entertained and fetel by Sena- to cabinet officials and others prominent socially and officially in the’ National Capital, how you gonna keep 'em down on the farm? won- ders the Concordia (Kans.) Blade- Empire. Gloomy for Dad. From the CHlumbia Record. With mother in politics and the Constitution forbidding child labor, we ‘apprehend that'dad may have to 8o to work. From the Baltimore Sun. The wave of prosperity is not so. impressiva when you observe what is :an- of the pay check Monday morm- I tor- THE NORTH WINDOW BY LEILA MECHLIN. Who was Daumier? Leonardo we know, and Holbein, Fragonard and Chardin, but who was Daumier? One of the world's greatest artists, Wwho, for 40 years, tolled as a cari- caturist and a maker of cartoons and then produced a few, paintings of such superior quality that even by his cotemporaries he was ranked with the master painté®s of the world. — “There is something of Michael Angelo in Daumggr,’ said the great Balzac, and Chafles Dau- bigny, when he first saw the frescoes of Raphael in “The Stanza’ ex- clatmed: “It is Daumies while a well known critic of our own time has declared that In his power he resembles Tintoretto and El Greco and in’ his tenderness Rembrandt. How s it, then, some will say, that Daumfer is so little known here in America? The answer fs, because there has been so little opportunity to see his works; In our greatest public collections he is but poorly and {nfrequently represented. Great, then, indeed, is the privilege which the Phillips Memortal Gallery offers acquaintance with Daumier's ! works, for this gallery now contains not only one of his most important large canvasses but a number of his no less famous smaller ones. ko % And what a fascinating personal- ity, what an engaging figure he was! The friend of Delacroix, of Courbet and Manet, of Corot and Baudeclair; a man with an intense consciousness of kinship with his fellow man, with a broad vision, a keen desire to right wrongs and a powerful impulse for artistic gexpression. Honore Dau- miar's father was a glazier who had n leaning to poetry but a determi- nation to uproot any outcroppings of artistic inclination which might de- velop in his young son. The boy was therefore put to work early, running errands and serving writs in a court- house. It was while thus employed that he received those vivid impre sions of the ways of justice which afterward were set forth in his forceful druwings. Despite his father's efforts. talent persisted, and the boy, finding he could make a living with his penc studied lithography and began draw- ing cartoons. Almost immediately he fell under the influence of the editor of La Caricature, a man of ‘powerful personality, known as Phil- ifpon, who with the young drafts- ma “strong republican bias" soon made him into “a furious fighter for democratic ideals, a formidable foe to Louis Philippe and his ministers.” In this instance, as in a few others. the artist's pencil came to be even more feared and respected thun the author's pen or the soldler's sword. So powerful, indeed, was this com- bination of editor and caricaturist that the paper was finally suppressed by thie government. % * & x *x Daumier then turned his talents into other channels. Laying aside his sharp weapon, be became the inter- preter of the plain people, and he became to the bourgeoise of Paris what Millet was to the French peas- ant. His drawings were satirical but never cruel, and in most in- stances the purpose of the satire was to better conditions. One of the most popular of Lis series of lith- ographs, published® in “Charivari,” for which he made over 4,000 car- toons, dealt with the disordered lives of derelicts, drunkards, parasites and enemies of society. By interpreting this class he plainly Indicated his scorn of the civilization from which they sprang. He was a keen ob- server and recorder of life. Almos: always, however, he used the medi- um of humor, and at the same time that he taught he amused. His car- icatures served as popular entertain- ment; they were the “funny pic- tures” of that day In Paris. But of what a superior type! As Duncan n his admirable essay on published a couple of years us: “His line was al- ludicrous and portentous. mock herofc, fantastic, deliciously comic. The harmless and amiable idiosyncrasies of the average middle- class person were as interesting to Daumier as the desperate ideas of the derelict and the devious wiles of the wicked.” * % % % All his life long Daumier lived ‘n poverty, but for the most part he was not unhappy. He had his art, his aspirations, his friendships, his ideals. “Daumier is not like us, said one of his famous confrere “he 1is generous.” Undoubtedly he was generous to a fault, but his gen- erosity extended into the realm of opinion, which is most rare; in short, he could be charitable to those who thought differently from him- self. An amusing yvet pathetic story is told illustrative of Daumier's un- worldliness. Knowing his great need, one of his painter friends went to an American art dealer who was visit- ing Paris and told him of Daumier's extraordinary abllity, advising him to purchase his works while he had opportunity. “Are hls prices high?" asked the dealer. “Oh, very high,” re- plied the painter friend..The dealer, being properly impressed, promised to call at the studio. The friend hast- ened there ahead of him to warn Daumier of the call and to tell him that he must ask 5,000 francs for the painting on his easel. Daumier de- murred, declaring the valuation too high, but the friend persisted and se- cured his promise. Scarcely was he gone when the dealer appeared, 100k- ed at the picture and asked fts price. “Five thousand franc: id Daumler, obedient to instructions. “I'll take it,” aid the dealer; “How much is that one?” pointing to a still larger paint- ing on the floor. For such an emer- gency the friend had not provided and Daumler weakly said: “Six hun- dred francs.” At which the dealer raised his eyebrows and the sale was lost. At 6,000 francs he still would have had a bargain. R For 14 years Daumier kept valiant- 1y at his painting. He did not produce a great many canvasses, but each one was a masterpiece. Gradually his sight falled and in a little home lent him by his friend, Corot, in the village of Valmondois, in 1879, fie died. He lived long enough, however, to witness the triumph of his art. An exhibition of his work was held at the Durand- Ruel Gallery in Paris, in 1878 and all intellectual and artistic Paris render- ed homage to his genius. One of the paintings in the Phi Memorial Gallery collection Three Lawyers,” is said to have been given by Daumlier to Corot in appre- ciation of the loan of the home. He left it, 8o the story goes, hanging on the wall of Corot's bedroom, and there it stayed for several years, just where it met the eyes of the painter upon awakening—an amusing note, beauti- ful in its relation of values and its 'fine surface textures—a masterpiece of painting. “The Revolution,” which has lately been added to the Phillips collectfon, was undoubtedly & memory of 1848, when for a time Daumier again took up the weapons of politi- cal satire, nealizing his country's need. It admirably rounds out the group and is In Interesting accord with the ‘works of his friends. e * x k% ‘What a delightful group that must have been— . Daumier, Delacroix, Courbet, Corot—those who were in a measure revolutionists in art and yet were akin to the great classicists— inheritors of the past, ploneers of the, future. They are gone, but how pleasant it is to know that in the little gallery in this city, maintained as the Phillips Memorial, the works of these men are once more gather- ed together in friendly association. In eoncluding his essay on Daumier some telis ternately Q. How 1iany people will the con- course of the Union Station hold? ~J. E, 8. ! A. The Information office Union Station says that concourse will hold from 30,000 people. Q. Is there an accounting branch of the Government?—C. L. B. A. The Controller General's Office, Treasury Department, is what might be considered a clearing house. That is, before aliowing a payment of a claim to a certain individual or cor- poration by the Government, it is| the duty of this office to ascertain whether there .is a claim pending againet said individual or corporation as an offset Q. Do ocean steamers broadcast programs?—0. J. M | A. Only one, the Leviathan, has tried | this so far. of the the public 25,000 to Q. Where is Billy Sunday preach- ing now?—E. C. M A. Rev. William Ashley Sunday is now conducting an evangelistic service in - Memphis, Tenn. This will close February 22. From March 1 to April 12 he will be in Newport News, Va. Q. What is Garet Garrett's real name?—C. S. L. A. His surname is Garrett and he was christened Edward Peter. Q. How can a parrot be taught to talk?—A. G. A. The Bureau of Biological Sur- vey says no hard and fast rule can be laid down for teaching a bird to talk. This is entirely a matter of patience and perseverence in dealing with the bird. At first the bird should be kept In a room by itself, and the cage covered on three sides. Do not talk to the bird except in re- peating simple phrases over and over again. Only one phrase should b used in a single day in the ear training. Gradually work until sev- eral phrases are repeated over and over to the bird each day. Q. Why is salt used with freeze ice cream?—D. S. B. A. The Bureau of Standards says that when salt is placed upon ice at a temperature not too far below freez- ing point the ice and salt combine to form a salt solution of lower freezing point than the ice. The melting of the fce absorbs heat and thus lowers the temperature. When ice and salt are used to make ice cream the ice is nieited. Q. What is the best conductor of electricity ?—W. F. A. Stlver is considered conductor of electricity. Q. Where wa: ice to the best the star shower of 1823 visible in this country?—A. E. B, | A. The star shower of November 13, 1833, was the most remarkable ever recorded. It was visible in America from the Great Lakes south- ward, almost to the Equator. One observer declared that “he never saw snowflakes thicker in a storm than were the stars in the sky at some moment. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN tenced to industrial schools upon their honor to report at the institu- tion. Only five of several hundred up to the present time have betrayed their trust. He has been most in ential in promoting juvenile courts and also in having passed contribu- tory delinquency laws by which negli- gent parents, employers, etc., are re sponsible for misdoings of juveniles He is the author of many books on this subject. Q. Some States forbid the shipment of gooseberries into their boundaries Why were such laws passed?—F. P. & A. Currants and gooseberries har- bor white pine blister rust, which kills all the five-needle pine tree<— It is probably for this reason that some States forbid the shipment of gooseberries into their boundaries Q. How many broadcasting stations has England”—W. B. P. A. The Department of Commerce ays that it has no complete list available in published form of the broadcasting stations of England. Ac- cording to its latest list there are about 20 broadcasting stations on the British Isles Q. How much of the Cape-to-Cairo Railway is done? H. B. 0. A_ The Cape-to-Cairo Railroad was built from Cape Town. Africa, to con- nect with the Egyptian railways. It is pra cally complete. It was pro- Jected in the early nineteenth century from the Cape of Good Hope to Cairo through the heart of A hrough the Versailles treaty gland ac- quired territory of Germany in Africa which places her in control of the Kreater part of this Cape-to-Cairo Rallroad. This is known as the ¢ ape-to- Cairo Rallroad and River Route. Al though it is not entireiy completed, it termination may be reached by various water routes and motor. bus be pronounced “g"7—N. 1 has the sound of “k Q. Should “luxury as if spelled with a A. The “x* not of “g Q. What Is the tale of the Dunmow filtch?—E. O. F. A. In the town of Dunmow, Fssex, England, Robert Fitz-Walter offered in 1244, to present a flitch of bacon to married couples who would take oath that they had never once during the year wizhed themselves unmarried and had avoided a quarrel It was not until 1445 that the fiit was awarded for the first time Q. How is a meerschaum pipe co ored, and what will remove color it is irregular?—W. L. L. Ordinarily, a meerschaum pipe oiled for coloring in a preparation of wax, which is absorbed, and a thin coating of wax is held on the surface of ghe pipe to take high polish. The color becomes dark in proportion to the tobacco that is used in smokinc the pipe. It should first be smoked slowly, and before a second bowlful i~ lighted the pipe should cool of. The zreater part of the coloring of a meerschaum pipe may be removed iteeping it for some time in a modc itely strong ammonlia solution, one Q. Please give a sketch of Judge Lindsey and his Juvenile Court —R. C. A. Judge Benjamin Lindsey was born in Jackson, Tenn., November 2§ 1869, and has served as judge of the Juvenile Court of Denver since Janu ary 7, 1901. Judge Lindsev was originator of the honor system amon, juvenile offenders, placing boys sen- Mr. Davis, the very key to alien con- trol lles in a system of registration of all aliens as soon as they arrive in America, and an annual reregistra- tion thereafter until they become | naturalized citizens. A bill to estab- lish such a system has been intro- duced in the House by Representa- tive Aswell, and is now under con- sideration in the committee of Immi- gratlon and naturalizatton. The measure meets opposition on the part of certain members who have op- posed all legislation looking to de- portation of criminal aliens or such as have entered this country sur- is claimed by opponents as “humill- ating.” since -natives are not regis- tered, although in all countries whence come these immigrants even pleasure meekers who tour the land must register with the police in every ty they enter, and thus may be umiliated” dally, if they travel fast enough, while aliens coming to Amer- ica, even in case of the proposed law, would register only once a year, and that not with the police but at the nearest post office. * % ¥ % | “America is faced with_the neces- | says Secretary Davis, ‘of the assimfilation into our natural life of the many aliens who have come to this country and who continue to come despite our restric- tive immigration laws. Registration chould appeal to every alien who de- sires to make the best use of Amer- ican opportunity.” Under the provisions of the bill alien who is thus registered five vears can be admitted to full citizenship without the formal declaration of in- tent; it Is assumed that all aliens coming to America and taking up their life work here desire to adopt this as their country. Of course they must show qualifications before they can be granted citizenship—knowl- edge of our institutions and good moral character. “But of the 13,000,000 foreign-born people shown by the 1920 census to be in_the United States,” says Secre- tary Davis, “more than half had not vet accepted the duties and responsi- bilities of American citizenship. Since 1920 more than two and a quar- ter million Mnmigrants have come through our ports and over our bor- ders. The year 1924 saw 879,000 ad- mitted to the United States, of which 706,896 were classed as tmmigrants. Canada_and Mexico, which are not affected by the quota limitations in our present law, sent us 290,025 in 1924, as against 180,799 in 1923." From thé 'committee on immigra- tion and naturalization comes the re- port that, since the passage of the last immigration law, the first six months of the fiscal vear showed a decrease of immigration from the non-quota countries of Mexico and Canada, as sompared ‘With the pre- vious year, amounting to 38 per cent in the cise of Canada and 60 per cent from Mexico. This is accounted for by the fact that from those countries the intending immigrant must make application and secure a visa, and that requires a certain amount of literacy, which the Mexican peon or laborer does not possess. However, that handicap would not apply large- 1y to Canadlans, and must be ex- plained otherwise. . * kK X These decreases have not been questioned by Secretary Davis, but, ignoring the figures as not bearing upon the question of assimilation and control, the Secretary sayi *““The mere fact that we have ac- cepted as an integral part of our population the great group of for- elgn-born imposes an -obligation upon us as a people. The records of the department show that during the — e years ago, Mr. Phillips expressed the hope that the dead are awdre of what we think of them because it would be & comfort tg-feel that Daumier, that great, good man, realizes today how ‘we crown hlm‘ wveritable king of art. part of strong ammonia to two par 5f water. (Have you a question you want an swered? Sent it to The Star Informa- on Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Direc- or, Twenty-first and C streets morth vest. The only charge for this ser 3 2 cents in stamps for return postage ) BACKGROUND OF EVE BY PAUL V. COLLINS. Accerding to the Secretary of Labor,|last 18 years 227,623 aliens who de- sired American citizenship were de- nied that privilege because they were too ignorant to understand the re- quirements of the naturalization law Many of these allens are listed as dis- loyal, but there can be no doubt that thelr disloyalty was due in some part to their ignorance of our Government institutions. Why should they be ig- norant? We make no provision to teach them. Some patriotic, fraternal and similar organizations are seek- ing to aid the alien toward Ameri- canization, bat they do not reach 20 Dper cent of our alien population. “Through registration we could reptitlously. Registration of all aliens | open to these allens the Americaniz- ing environment of our educational institutions during the period of their probation for clitizehship and there give them the opportunity to learn our language and something of our institutions. “While aiding the allen seeking op- portunity, registration would put an end to the activitles of the alien il- legally in this country. How many of this class there are no man can say. They come by devious ways over our border, and the trafic in bootlex immigrants runs side by side with the traffic in illlcit drugs. The whole Army and Navy could not patrol our borders In such a way as to halt en- tirely the smuggling of aliens. o “One phase of this problem,” adde Secretary Davis, “we can check up The records of the department show that in 1923 23,194 alien seamen de- serted their ships in American ports In 1924 the number was 24,479. We cannot meet this problem of surrepti tious entries of allens by an army of officials combing our cities and coun tryside for illicit immigrants, but we can make it unprofitable for the alten to be here illegally, and under the registration plan he would be promp!- 1y detected and deported. The plan would insure the detection of th alien who is here to preach the dowr fall of our institutions and to sow the seeds of social discontent. It would aid the good allen and sup press the bad. It would make better allens for America and a Dbettcr America for the allens.” In opposition, Representative Celler of New York claims that registration “would Dbulld up an espionage sys- tem and be another step in the direc- tion of centralization and bureau- cracy in Washington.” Mr. Celler has not gone into detail in showing how registration at all post offices ani postal stations throughout the United States is to build up “centralization Secretary Davis replies that “if we pass this law a great army of aliens will leave the United States—na idealers and bootleggers of aliens One feature of the bill is to requ all governors of States to file with the Secretary of State a succinct ac count of the resources and industries of the Tespective States and the labo: needs thereof. These reports will b sent to all American consuls and when a proposed immigrant applies to the consul for his passport or visu he will be shown these description= of the 48 States and required to select the part of America he intends to go 40. That is to be written in upon his visa, and when that immigrant reaches here he will not have com:- plled with all legal requisites until he arrives in the State of his choice as 50 indicated. He will show by hi registration that he has done so. Th congestion of farmers and mechani: in seaboard citles, when they should g0 west and grow up with the coun- try,” will thus be modified. There is provision In existing law which - enables the Government, through the courts, to revoke the citizenship of any naturalized alien who Is found guilty of disloyalty The theory is that such disloyalty, no matter when it develops, Is indica- tlon of bad faith at, the time of tak- ing the oath of loyalty. This provi- sion led to the revocation of many pro-Germans during the war. The | registration would make the tracing of the records of all very much easier and more certain of reaching justios. (Copyright, 1925, by Paul V. Collins.)