Evening Star Newspaper, June 19, 1924, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR " With Sunday Morning Edition. L,’ WASHINGTON, D. C. /THURSDAY......June 19. 1924 / THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office. 11th Bt and Penasylvs e ew Tork Office: 110 East 430d St. Chicago Office: Tower Building. European Office: 16 Regent ¥t Loadon, England. The Evening Star. with the Sunday morning tioa. s delivered by carriers with! Collection is made by riers at the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sundas..1 yr., $8.40; 1 mo,, 70¢ Dadly only . 1y 0 1 mo., §0c Sunday only .1yr, $2.40: 1 mo., 20¢ All Other States. Daily and Sunday.1 yr., $10.0 Daily onty .. 1yr, $7.00 C Sunday only ....1yr., $3.00; 1 mo., 25¢ Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclugively ent! to the use for republication of all news dis- patches eredited fo if or not otherwise credited it this paper and also the loeal news pub ished herein. " All rights of publication of special dispatches herein are alvo reserved. The Note to Japan. Secretary llughes, in s reply tie Jupancse government's note sarding the newly cnacted immigra: forth the American position in the clear and explicit terms that the situation requires, without #tving affront. His letter to Amba; sador Hanihara needs no ground for tention and effectually “closes the reident.’ Prefaced by a citation from Pr dent Coolidge's statement accompany the signature of the immigration act to the cffect that this new enact- ment “‘does not imply any change in cub sentiment of admiration and cor- dial friendship for the Japanese peo- ple,” Mr. Hughes recites the pro- visions of the new law and notes that thfy do not differ greatly in practical peration or in poliey from the un- derstanding embodicd in the gentle- ie then proceeds t5 trace the history of the exclusion measures, specifically noting that the ed States had particularly re- ved “the inherent sovereign right either country to limit and control for its own domains or to re- in men's agreement. was the g treaty of 1911 con- cluded on the hasis of that specific Teservation of “inherent sovereign right The act of recent date defi- nitely closing the doors in this coun- try to Japanese immigration upon July 1 mext is an exercise of that right, which, as Secretary Hughes states, releases the government of Japan from any further obligation by virtue of the previous understanding. After all, the Japanese complaint has been merely that, the United States having entered into @ “‘gen- tiemen’s agreement” which left the matter in the hands of Japan tempo- rarily, it has been abrogated in favor of a direct American exclusion act. The result is the same, assuming that the Japaness government effectively 4nd faithfully carried out its under- taking to prevent Japanese migration to the United States. If there has been affront to Japan in the desig- nation of the nationals of that coun- try as not desired as immigrants in the United States it was committed when the gentlemen’s agreement was reached. There can be no effective reply to & note so considerately couched and 8o distinct in its definition of the right of the United States to proceed by legislation in this matter of ex- ciusion, particularly in view of Sec- retary Hughes' concluding paragraph, in which he expresses the desire “fonce more to emphasize the appre- clation of this government of the voluntary co-operation of your gov- srnment in carrying out the gentle- fhen’s agreement and to express the conviction that the recognition of the _right of each government to legislate “n control of immigration should not derogate in any degree from the mu- tual good will and cordial friendship _swhich have always characterized the “relations of the two countries.” —_——————— No man's features are better known to all the world than those of William Jennings Bryan. This fact will en- able any illicitly enterprising bellhop - to avoid what might prove an em- - ‘barrassing mistake. ————— The fear of demagogues will not be- ‘come very great so long as the public continues to take them with as little #eriousness as has been manifested in ‘the past few vears. 5 ———————— Like other liquids, Teapot Dome oil becomes rather flat after being al- lowed to stand awhile. ————— 5 The Water Supply. ' With the coming of the “good old Bummer time" the use of water in ‘Washington has risen to the carrying capacity of the conduit. We are onsuming water at the rate of be- itween 66,000,000 and 70,000,000 gal- . dons a day, or at, about the rate i’ ’that water comes from Great Falls through the tonduit built three-quer- ters of a century ago. From the con- duit the water flows into reservoirs swhich hold about one day's supply for the people of the District. These hot June days came so soon after re- %7 pairs to the serlous break in the con- " @uit that the usual reserve has not been gathered in the reservoirs and s»we are living on a slim margin of - gafety, so far as water is concerned. ‘The engineers of the water system __imsk that economy in water be prac- ticed till the reservoirs are full. Citi- ,sens with a reasonable degree of cau- {tion and consideration should heed “the warning. The lawns and flower beds are not thirsty. The water-shortage cry is often _ heard in Washington and it is such an old story that it does not impress _as many persons as it should. There /Cis an old, old fable of a shepherd #: boy who called wolf so often and no ~ . Wolf came that when the wild beast appeared people had become deaf to the danger call. But in the case of our water supply no other signals have been given than that people should not waste water, should not use more than they need, and that without any inconvenience they might need a little less than they use. The figures of water censumption and supply have been shown to the peo- ple that they might understand the situation. It has been said for twenty-five vears that with a great river close to us we should not be faced with water famine every summer and should not depend on a single water line, and that an old one working at capacity. After a quarter of a century of complaint and argument work on a second conduit and larger reservoirs was begun. It is going on and in about the year 1930 we will have an increased water supply. By that time our water consumption at the present use. per capita would probably considerably exceed the ca- racity of the conduit and economies that we do not now practice will become necessary, In the meantime there is the fire danger. The engines working on a large and stubborn fire can drain the reservoirs, for we still use filtered drinking water to put out fires, The high-pressure system for pumping river water on fires has not yet got beyond the plan stage. o Hornell Gets a Thrill. Late yesterday afternoon an accom- modation train rattled into the station at Hornell, N. Y., and out of it stepped a man clad in a wrinkled mohair suit, carrying a bulging suit se, A few “distinguished citizens” were standing on the platform. They were looking for an eminent lecturer scheduled to speak that night at a chautauqua mecting at Canisto, a few miles distant. The reception com- mittee was somewhat at & loss. They did not recognize the distinguished lecturer in this descending traveler. But the traveler recognized the com- mittee. Committees have a sort of distinctive quality that the eve of an experienced chautauquan cannot fail to distinguish, and so the man with the bulging bag and the wrinkled mohair suit received the reception committee and identified himself as the expected speaker, Willlam Jen- nings Bryan of Nebraska and Florida, but immediately from Milwaukee. When his identity was established @ local newsgutherer immediately pounced upon him for an interview. Hornell is a little off the map and does not get many great notables, so that advent of a three-time Demo- cratic candidate for President on the eve of a Democratic nominating con- vention was an event. The interview was brief. Mr. Bryan declared that Gov. Smith has no chance to be nomi- nated. He even said that he could not see “where there is the slightest chance of his being seriously consid- ered by the convention.” After hav- ing thus disposed of the chief execu- tive officer of the state in which he was about to unleash the silver tongue, he was asked if he had any personal aspirations, Thereupon Mr. Bryan laughed and said: T'm all through running. Yve had my chances. But T will tel! you one thing—that convention will hear from me betere it is over. Of course it will. This is one ef the reasons why the Democratic party assembles. to “hear from™ Mr. Bryan. s long as breath is in his body to articulate a Democratic convention without speech from him would hard- 1y be legal. s New York's Prize. -New York is really in luck in this convention business. It drew a big prize out of the political grab bag when it was allotted the 1924 meet- ing. Tt might have got one like that of 1916, which met at St. Louis and renominated Wilson and Marshall by acclamation in record time. This one, in the current vernacular, is going to be a “humdinger.” It may even ex- ceed that of 1912, which required forty-six ballots for a nomination of Wilson, or that of 1920, when forty- four ballots were required to put Cox at the head of the ticket. Experi- enced Democratic leaders already on the field are predicting a long contest. Preparations have been made for th protraction of the session, beginning next Tuesday, until even the 4th of July. New York likes big things, being a big thing itself. It has the tallest buildings and the biggest population and the most congested streets and its base ball games are attended by the largest crowds. Naturally it wants to have the biggest, ‘longest and liveliest political convention in the history of American politics. It would like to see its ‘“faverite son” nominated, would be overjoyed, doubt- less, if he were named on the first ballot. But it will be desolated if, after fifty-six years, it got a political convention only to have it flivver into a formality with a three-day.stay. ‘Why, if the Demccratic meeting which starts next Tuesday were to be concluded within the week New York would be bitter]y disappointed. Madison Square Garden, the scene of six-day bicycle races, would be dese- erated by so tame a procedure. Fotel reservations have been made in many cases on the basis of a minimum of a week. Many have been made for ten days and some wise convention attendants have reserved without limit. No question about it, the Dem- | expense accounts they are nmow run- ocratic conventien is going to be a gathering after New York's own heart, lively and prolonged, with the end uncertgin. It js worth waiting more than half a century. Whether they will be most voted for or not, Mr. McAdoo and Mr. Smith enjoy at Jeast the present satisfaetion of being most talked about. et There is reason why Mussolini should escape the resignation rumor. It is the recognized accompaniment of energetic statesmanship. reonslly Conduoted Candidacy. Mr. McAdoo's progress to the scene of action from his California home has been a succession of receptions. There is really nothing like it in American political history. Hereto- fore avowed eandidates for a_nomina- tion have, with very few exceptions, kept away from the nominating con- vention. Theodore Roosgvelt went to Chicago in 1912, on the occasion of the great Republican split that led to the election of Wilson, but that was an exceptional case. Mr. MeAdoo, for better or worse, has chosen to make his own bid in person for the votes of his party, and with shrewd sense of the dramatic has made a progress from post to post that has been val- uable for publicity. ‘Whether there is anything in this sort of a preconvention campaign is s question. Those who form the committees of greeting at rallroad stations and hotels on the way are not the delegates whose votes will decide the nomination. They are stay-at-homes, eager, glad to sec a notable, perhaps a favorite. It may be that Mr. McAdoo would have made @ better impression if he had drawn the route from California to New York quietly, or perhaps even if he had stayed at home:. For there still is a remnant of the old feeling that the “office should seek the man,” and some Americans may have a linger- ing prejudice against ostentatious can- didacy. But i{ is quite within the rights for any aspirant for the presidency— and that aspiration is the most hon- orable an American can entertain— to go to it frankly and vigorously. In this particular case of the McAdoo boom practically everything depends upon enthusiasm. The Californian is the leader of the racc. He has, it is claimed, practically a majority of the votes. He needs two-thirds, and, as others have learned to their sorrow in the past, the two-thirds point is a difficult one to reach. Momentum may be effective and the personally conducted drive for votes whieh Mr. McAdoo is now managing is perhaps as good a way as any other to gather that momentum. At any rate it pre- sents 4 novel picture in the panorama of politics, ———— After all, the demagogue only re- sponds to an environment favorable to his species. A public that encour- ages demagoguery s to be studied in this connection. e The sum of $10,000 that Leopold and Loeb said they were after proves trifling as compared with the current ning up. ——rete. It will be an extraordinary summer if the weather bureau does not make fair and warmer™” as monotonous as cloudy and showers™ became. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. The Popular Proxy. When the summer time is lazy and the air is hot and hazy, Nearly everybody wants to loaf awhile. And in winter, spring and autumn, long experience has taught 'em ‘That a life of leisure has a pleasing style, Well we know that problems thicken and a nation's pace must quicken To take care of all conditions that arise. 8o we modestly endeavor to avoid pre- tensions clever, ) Seeking some one more industrious and wise. We'll define a high position that im- plies great erudition, And a nature which dissensions can- not spoil. We will offer an ovation as a slight consideration For a lifetime of anxiety and toil. We will say, “It's up to you, “sir, superhuman things to do, sir. | You must solve each difficulty with a breath. While we tread the merry measure through the primrose path of pleasure, You can go ahead and work your- self to death.” Fire insurance authorities will agree that if women must smoke a bathing beach is as safe a place as any. Sound Statesmanship. “Isn't there a little discord in the bandwagon?" “My friend,” answered Secnator Sorghum, “a bandwagon is like a taxi- cab. You don't judge it by the sound of its horn, but by its reliability in getting to a given destination.” Deflance. Friend Lightning Bug, scamp! You carry an uncertain lamp, And, showing law still further scorn, Leave off both license tag and horn. you are a Jud Tunkins says regulating bath- ing suits by law is goin' to be difi- cult until the folks read law books as close as they do fashion magazines. Scientific Hope. “Are you interested analysis?” Very much,” replied Miss Cayenne. “My hope is that the science will be perfected so that it will be useful in preventing unfortunate occurrences instead of explaining them after it is too late.” in psycho- Ingratitudes. The man who gave me good-advice 1 hold in scant affection. His manners were not very nice, Though wise was his direction,. 1 found acquaintances anew; But those who talked most sweetly Have sold me a_gold brick or two :And disappeared completely. Astuteness of Capital. “Were you playing poker?” “No,” replied Cactus Jee. were playin’ ten-cent limit." “Isn’t that poker?” “Not ®o considered in Crimson Guich.* Poker is a game where sach player has a_chance to win. Ten-cent limit was Invented by the manufac- turers merely for the purpose of in- ducing you to-wear out the ¢ards.” ‘The New Accompaniment. 1 cannot sing the old songs. The tunes that I have known Grow strangely unfamiliar _ ‘When they hit the saxophone. ““When & guest whispers me a race- horme tip 'stid. o' givin’ e real change,” said Uncle Ebep, “I_feels purty syre he ain’ gwinter be st dis hotel temorrow. “We | industr: WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE There is more than meets the eye in the selection of an obscure Denver lawyer, Willlam V. Hodges, to be treasurer of the Republican national committee. Tt is the determination of the Coolidge high command to de- tach the finances of the campaign from every vestige of suspiclon of connection ~ with “the interests.” Hodges is a Republican in good standing in Colorado, but, as far as can be ascertained, never before had the slightest association with organi- sation polities. He comes to the G. O. P. “golddigger's’ job inexperi- enced, uncontaminated and unknown. Those qualities, Chairman Butler thinks, are what' the post-oil political season calls for. Hodges is in Chi- cago this week, acquainting himself with the treasurer's job by confer- ence with Fred W. Upbam, who held it uninterruptedly for the past six- teen ycars. ¥k ¥ * Homer Cummings of Connecticut, of whom much may be heard before the Democratic national convention is over, has just acquired new fame throughout New England in connec- tlon with a sensational murder trial. Cummings since 1914 has been state’s attorney of Fairfisld County, Conmn., at Stamford. In that capacity he was recently called upon to prosecute a young man named Harold Israel on a charge of killing a Roman Catholic The circumstantial evidence Israel seemed to prove him But the prisoner, a former was fortunate in having his nder the eve of a publ priest, against uilty secutor equipped with th edize developed b mists Cumn theory that the duty of a state's at- torney is as much to protect the in- noeent as to convict the guilty. He insisted on studying the Tsracl ease so thoroughly that he came to the conclusion the defendant was not the murderer. Acquittal resulted, despite the fact that Israel had made a con- fession to the police. Connecticut is convinced that Cummings prevented a classio miscarriage of justice. S Chairman Butler in Chicago this week. They liked cach other on sight. Dawes rehearsed his chief campaign speech to the Coolidge zen- erallssimo. 1t is directed mainly to the farmers. 1t will harp strongly on the note that in European iecov- ery from war conditions lies the chlef hope of prosperity for tho American wheat grower. cattle raiser and dairy farmer. Dawes will argue that the Republican administration’s suppart of the world court and f the work of the reparations commission ix a guar- antee of President Coolidge's inten- tion to help the old world get back to purchasing power conditions. The met time Gen. Dawes for the first vice - présidential candidate knows agricultural conditions about as well as any man in American politics. The Central Trust Company of Il- linois, of which he is president, for years has had its tentacles in all sec- tions of the rural west. * ¥k ok ok The Princess Bibesco, wife of the Rumanian minister. is back in Wash- ington after the Cleveland convention bubbling over with enthusiasm after her maiden experience of one of our quadrennial political hippodromes. The daughter of former Prime Min- ister Asquith of Great Britain is, like her distinguished father, a politician to her fluger tips. When'she witness- ed Frank 0. Lowden's renunclation of the vice presidential nomination, Princess Bibesco said, her thoughts traveled back to Mr. Asquith's refusal of the premiership last vear, preced- ing Ramsay MacDonald's accession to power. The Rumanian minister and his sprightly consort will also at- tend the Democratic national conven- tion in New York. They declare that Europe has nothing faintly to com- pare with our great party canclaves in excitement and emotion * ¥ ¥ ¥ There isn't a busier department of the United States government these days than the passport bureau of the State Department. For many weeks past it has been issuing passports at the rate of 1,000 a day. Uncle Sam derives a tidy Income from his globe- trotting sons and daughters, for offi- cial credentials for travel abroad cost $10 aphece. This year is breaking all tourist records, and passport receipts in conseuence were never so heavy. Our foreign service, diplomatic and consular, is always a money-maker. The receipts from passport and in- voice fees, and from other official documents required in international intercourse, total a larger amount than the entire cost of our diplo- matic and consular service. Queer types of the civic Americanus turn up in quest of passports. One day this week a man became quit. pecved when asked to state his occu- pation—a detail that must be entered upon a passport. “I hi 5 cupation.” he replied. gressman, %% Victor L. Berger of Wisconsin, tha first socialist ever elected to Con- gress, is the most consistent of “reds. He refuses to sign his name, on any occasion, except in red ink. While Berger sits in the House his wife presides over the school board of Milwaukee, of which she has been a member for sixteen vears. She was a school teacher when she married the man whom Judge Kenesaw 3 Landis sentenced to twenty ye imprisonment for epposing American entry into the world waf. . (Copyright, 1924 SERIOUS PROBLEM OF PRINT PAPER SUPPLY BY WILL P. The print paper supply of the United States presents a serious problem. Our demands for paper have practically quadrupled since 1900. The pulp and paper industry of the United States depends upon the spruces, true firs and hemlocks for a large per- centage of its raw material. Careful and extensive investigation shows that for a permanent pulp and paper well as for a permanent lumber cut, this country is dependent upon a forest experiment station to secure technical knowledge needed on methods of cutting and reforestation. This is one reason that the United states Department of Agriculture has decided to establish a forest experi- ment station in the Paelfic Northwest on July 1 to determine proper meth- ods of reforestation, because that re- gion now contains. In the states of Washington and per cent of the total remaining saw timber of the United States, exclusive of Canada. One of the logical regions for an enlargement of the American pulp and paper industry is in these same two states, which, with California, contain more spruce, fir and hemlock than all the eastern and lake states combined. * ok ¥ K 1f the small existing pulp and pa- per industry of Washington and Ore- gon is to be developed to a large size, it should by all means avoid the mis- take now so obvious in the growth of the eastern industry. All new pulp and paper mills should be established on the basis of permanent supplies either from privately owned or pub- licly owned land, and such supplies can be insured in competition with the demand for the same material from other industries only by inten- sive methods of forest management, for which a forest experiment station must furnish the basis. The opening of this new station at the besinning of the fiscal year marks another step in the Department of Agriculture’s plan to establish forest exr-rimanl stations In all the princi- pal forest regions of the United Its work will consist of de- termining proper ways and means to prevent forest destruction either by destructive logging, fire or other agencies, und {0 insure the perpetua. tion of the forests as growing crops. After pointing out why the experi- ment station was located in the northwest with a special view t building up ‘an adequate and perma. nent pulp and paper industry, Secre- tary Wallace emphasizes that in that locality is one of the few remaining opportunities left in the United States to remove the original stand in such a way as to get a new timber growth started immediately, and thus avoid the mistakes which'In all of the tim- ber regions of the east have led to the devastation of millions of acres of forest land. States. * K kX The combined lumber cut in Wash- ington &nd Oregon. is approximately 30 per cent of the entire cut of the country,” The lumber cut for the two states in 1920 was nearly 9,000,000,000 board feet, but under Intensive forest management it would be possible to grow and barvest 16,000,000,000 board feet or more per year, or nearly twice the 1920 cut In order, howeves, to maintain lumber production even in its present volume, the virgin stands of Washington and Oregon thust be cut and removed in such a way that new timber growth will be insured. Unlesa the technical information which will make such cutting pos- sible i secured the lumber industry of Washington and Oregon will of negessity follow the course of similar industries in New England, New York, Pennsyivania, the lake states and, now im process, but not so far advanced, {nthe south. “The cut will increase to a crest and then fall off,” says Secretary Wallace, “taking with it a series of dependent industries which make for the development and prosperity of the region itself and of the entire country. Population cannot be sup- ported, transportation as shown by rience of other regions will dwindle and important on will be cut off. . %% “In the state of Washington, for ex- smple, timberland and the lumber dustry together paid approximately KENNEDY 11 per cent of the total taxes levied in the state for all purposes in 1921. In Oregon, timber and the lumber industry paid in the neighborhood of 15 per cent of the total taxes in the same year. Outside of the cities and towns in Oregon it is estimated that the lumber industry pays one-third of the taxes in the state, and the percentage runs even higher in sev- eral of the countles, reaching, in the case of Clatsop County, for example, over 60 per cent of the county taxes. With the possibility under permanent intensive forest management of pro- ducing timber enough nearly to dou- ble the present lumber cut, it wopld be possible to maintain permanently this source of public revenue with- out overtaxing the timber resource or its dependent industries.” Because of depletion of spruce and fir in the eastern part of the United States it is very doubtful if the pre ent pulp and paper industry in New York and New England can be main- tained at its present sizc., while the industry of the lake states will do well If it holds its own during the next two decades. ¥k ok x The field of forest experiment sta- tion includes all of the important problems relating to the life history and management of the forest from the seedling to the mature stand. That such investigations are essen- tial to perpetuate and to secure the maximum yields frem our forests is too obvious to require argument Only in this way can acourate infor- mation @s to the behavior and pos- sibilities of our forests be obtalned. Experience in forestry as in agri- culture, engineering and other fields has amply demonstrated that Inten- sive studies by a staff of thoroughly trained men yield practical results of more value in a shorter time at less cost than can possibly be ob- tained in any other way. Moreover the experiments themaelves gerve as demonstration areas. By showing what can be accomplished under vari- ous methods, a station can become a great stimuius to the actusl prac- tice of forestry by timberland own- ers, The information which the forest experiment station can sécure is needed by private owners, who now hold a large part of the better forest lands in Washington and Oregon, and by the federal govern- ment itself as a basis for the most effactive methods in the national forests of Washington and Oregon. * k k¥ In explaining what some of the principal problems to be specifically studled are, Secretary Wallace points out that the Pacific northwest con- talns forests in which the risk from fire and the possibilities of loss are mot exceeded in any other region of the United States or possibly the en- tire world. Stands of great volume and of corresponding value are fre- quently in years of long droughts absolutely destroyed over immense areps. Furthermore, a suocession of @res frequently follow lumbering, thereby causing damage the enormous extent of which is now little appre- cigted, through practically making & ew forest impossible, except by arti- cial reforestation or after delays running Into scores of years. Another important problem is the burning of the brush and debris re- sulting from logsi operations In such manner that new stand will be insured. Altogether a number of important phases of the fire protec- tion problem Jend themseaives to the investigative work which can best be conducted at a forest experiment station. An additional problem of first im- portance is to determine how rapldly & forest will grow and the yields which may be expscted of thedif- ferent kinds of timber under varyin conditions of soll, climate and alt| tude. Upon such information must be based the determination of private owners as to whether or not timber growing on tha‘r u&tlwlu holdings will be profitable. Upon such ‘infor- mation must also be based the area of land which any individual or gom- pany, as for example a pulp and per concern, must own er control n order to (nsure .i permanent supply nfl:l.uu to meet its future require- men! The North Window , BY LEILA MRCHLIN “An art which is alive does not alone revive works of the past; it continues them.” Thus Ernest Pelx- otto quotes Rodin in support of the effort being made at this time at the American School of ¥ine Arts at Fontainebleau to revive, under the direction of R, La Montagne Saint- Hubert the art of fresco painting. Saint-Hubert has made an exhaustive study of the medium so long left in disuse, and is now teaching it to & group of enthusiastic students, with the intent not paly of “recovering the old formula of a beautiful art” but of adapting its use to our meodern ideas and conceptions so that it may have “new life and new meaning.” There is great confusion and mis- understanding in regard to this art. The word “fresco” implies any man- ner of painting on or with fresh mortar. It cannot, however, properdy be applied to tempera painting exe~ cuted on plaster or dry mortar, or to oil painting on canvas which imitates such. For instance, Puvis de Cha- vannes' beautiful mural paintings in the Pantheon at Paris. which are axecuted after the latter manner. “Frescoe: Saint-Hubert tells us, as he tells his pupils in a series of lectures recently published by Frederic Fairchild Sherman of New York, “attained com- plete flowering in Italy under Giotto and his pupils, Masaccio, Guirlandaio, ¥Fra Angelico, Benozzo Goazzoli; then they died out, but to be reborn. almost miraculously, by Raphuel, Botticelli, be- fore disappearing again beneath the ar- tistic exuberance without faith of the ‘baroque style.”” Victor Mottes, cen- turies later, rediscovered, in part. methods of execution. but it was Paul Baudoin, a pupil of Puvis de Chavannes and master of Saint-Hubert, who, “througn stubbern and enduring efforts carried on during his whole lifetime, succeeded in pulling aside the veil which ever since the Renalssance bafingly conoealed the secrets of fresco painting.” “At the “ime of his earlier endeavors a large nunber of the ltalian primitives’ finest frescoes were well covered over with plas-er or white paint, under which Vasari hed caused to be hidden in nu- merous c1 urches wonderful decorations considered as unworthy by cotemporary prejudiced fashion. The walls of Sabta Croce in Filorence were whitewashed all over. doin made a point of studying aad reviving pure craftsman- ship, “s0 mighty in its soberness 1s es- tablished by the primitives and, above all, by Giotto.” * %% The advantage of fresco palnting over painting in oil or tempera is that “the petrification of the color when the reaction has been well cal- culated produces an eternal vouth ah- solutely unassailable by either air or light.” The process is by no means a simple one. The wall must first be prepared and the rough-cast sur- face applied. On this ths outline of the design is traced and points fixed as guides, remaining even when the surface coat is put on. When the time comes for the painting, the artist must work rapidly and ao- curately. Everything must be in readiness before the actual work be- gins. It is this need of aocuracy which Saint-Huhert believes 10 be the reason for the great number of drawings which the old masters have left—studies of figures in various positions, portions of designs, all con- tributing to the accuracy of the fin- ished cartoon. Comparatively few colors are used, and these must be mixed freshly each day. The painter, furthermore, must have a fairly ac- curate knowledgs of chemistry and chemical reactions in order to secure permanency of color. Ten thousand difficulties seem to beset the fresco painter. He must never allow one color to overlap on the other. but by means of a very clean brush, slightly dampened, em- ployed at precisely the right mement, adjacent ecolors may be joined to- gether without diminishing their freshness. The mortar must not he oo soft nor vet too hard, and if a mistake is made the only way te remedy it is to cut out the plaster with a trowel and patiently pateh. Everything seems to conduce to en- danger the result, such, for instance. as the weather; and whether or not success has been attained can only be discovered when the drying process is complete. * % % ¥ No wonder that as life hecame more complicated and to move more rapidly the art of fre8co painting fell into disuse, but marvelous, indeed, is the fact that in this present age of hurry and impatience it is finding revival. Yet in_that portion of the old palace of Fontainebleau where Saint-Hubert has his studio there is today # Eroup of enthusiastic young students mastering the mysteries of this ancient method of painting and covering the rough stone walls with their experiments just as the appren- tices of the old masters in the early days of art may have covered the calls of still older buildings in Italy. * ¥ % France is celebrating this year the centenary of the birth of Puvis de Chavannes, one of the greatest mural painters of modern times. On the cover of the catalogus of the Salon of the Societe Nationale des Beaux- Arts is a reproduction of a portrait in relief of the great painter, and, in color, reproductions of three of his St. Genevieve series. One whole gal- lery of the Salon this year is given up to examples of Puvis' work, chiefly studies made for his great composi- tions, but also including such com- plete original works as his portrait of the Princess Cantacuzene and the finished study, “Autumn,” both of which, with numerous drawings, are reproduced in the catalogue. Many will recall the furore that was caused by the Chavannes decora- tions in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, the fun that was poked at them and the criticism with which they met immediately upon installation. The painter produced these works without having seen the place for which they were destined, and it is possible that had he painted them here with this knowledge he might have made them different, at least different in tone or general cojor scheme. But be that as it may, time has proved their worth, and it is safe to believe that almost no one today who visits the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston but carries away an im- pression of the decorative value, the impressive, quiet simplicity of these unusual and masterly works. * ¥ % ¥ The mistake that to a great ex- tent we have made in this country in our mural painting has been to re- gard such as easel pictures on a large scale, whereas a mural decoration should in reality be an architectural adjunct. There is mnothing harder than to dissociate from the popular mind the ides that a painting must invariably be a picture, and that all pictures are works of art. A real Work of art 1s something which has in its execution elements of beaut for instance, rhythm of line, balance in compoeition, harmonious color combination. Color in itself may be alluring _or repellant. Some colors are muddy and usly, whereas others are clear and delighttul to look upon. 1t i, as Saint-Gaudens said, the way the thing 18 dome, not what is done. The art 18 with 'the indlvidual, the producer, the artist. . _ In @ recent number of the Outlook, Albert Spalding tells of his experience lately wi award at the Conservatory of Music in Paris. Pupil after pupil came¢ on the stage and played the same com- positions, a1l with reasonable accuracy and evidence of consclentious work and good training—a wearisome or- deal—until suddenly one, through precisely the same performance, gave evidence of & eparic of genius, “Then, through the lelight of this rare touch, fatigue was overcome, entl wiasm revived. This was art, and | the same in all of its manifestatio —painting, sculpture, architectus the so. ff‘cd decorative arte—the d vine spark reapimates, revives and constitutes » continuing tradition. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN Q What is meant Fourth”?—J. L. A. This means an observance of Independence day which shall neither jeopardize the lives nor property of citizens by the careless use of fire- works and explosives, and also an ob- servance of the day which, while it shall give expression to the patriotic feelings of Americans, shall not be a burdensome cest, or entail a foolish outlay of money by the taxpayers of the country. Q. What is the average height of American men in stocking feet? R. C by a ‘“sane A. The average is between five feet eight inches and five feet nine inches. Q. How many street car lines are there in the United States?—V. K. A. The American Electric Railway Association says that there are ap- proximately 102,000 street car lines of all types in the United States. Q. What is_the Honolulu?—A. D. M. A. The highest temperature in Henolulu over a period of thirty-four years was 90° and the lowest tem- perature 52°. February is the coolest month with an aversge temperature of 70° and September the warmest with an average of 79°, temperature in . How is “cheechake"” pronounced and what does it mean?’—W. H. A. This Chincok word means “lately come” or “a recent arrival’ It is pronounced chee-chah-ko. Q. What does the difference in the way Hindoos wear turbans signify?— A. 8o far as the turbans differ beyond the personal taste of the wearer they indicate the province from which he came, the weaves. dyes, etc.. being highly epecialized in different localities. Q. Whé is the Governor General of Australia?’—E. C. A. The office is Forster of Lepe. Q. How did the half-masting of the fag for mourning originate™— A. It is not possible to say just when. where and for whom the flag was first lowered to half-mast. The custom is said to have arisen from the old naval and military practice lowering the flag in time of war as a slgn of submission. Spanish ships in the'seventeenth century dis- played the flag at half-mast as a signal of distress. The custom of fiying the flag at half-mast has long been recognized in practically all the 1sading countries as a sign of mourn- ing. held by Lord Q. Was conscription or draft used in the colonies during the revolu- tionary war?—G. W. R. A. Conscription was mot resorted to in the revolutionary war. The first bill of this kind was introduced into an American Congress by the conseription act of October 27. 1314, under the auspices of the then Sec: retary of War, James Monroe. This was not carried out. Q. What is the difference between jam, marmalade and butters?’— E. D. A. As a rule, only the small fruits of which the whole may be used are tilized in jam making. The fruit is| trushe The o |J. Haskin? You can ask our Informadio crushed in the juice so as to produce 2 homogeneous mixture. Butters are more smooth and more mixed than jams. For this purpose fruits which contain a large proportion of fleshy materials are used. Butters are fur- ther characterized by the frequent use of epices and other flavering agent. Marmalades stand midway between jams and butters. Larger fruits than those for jams are used Fruits whose pulp will not produce the smooth comsistence desired in @ butter are used in marmalade mak- ing. By elight differences in prepa- ration, “the same fruit may make either a marmalade or & butter. For example, if peaches are cooked until soft before adding the sugar, the re- sulting consistency is that of a but ter.” 1f the sugar is added at the be ginning of the operation the pulp iy preserved in small pieces rather thar being reduced to a smooth paste This results in a marmaladc live in A. The principal tribes of north ern Africa are the Arab-Berbers, the Ethiopians, the Fulah-Zandeh group and the Negritans Q. What is a loquat?—R. C. H. A loquat is a vellow, generalis plum-like fruif, a near relative to the medlar and sometimes, but in- correctly, called the Japan plum Q. How many oficers did Lafa ette bring with to America® P.W. T. A twely: He brought with him abeut Q. What are the longest verses in the Old and New Testaments?—J. W A. The American Bible Society says that aceording to their informa tion, the longest verse iu the old Tes tament is Esther, viii:9, and in the New Testament, Revelation, xx:4. Q. How cared for?—W. C. Q. Chameleon should be kept in & large wooden box, in which is placed a small amount of dry sand and grass. Its food consists of any small insects, particularly flies a) worm be fed when the i & are no! available Q. Is George Bernard Shaw lish or Irish?—C. P G A. George Bernard born in_ Dublin, Ireland the first twenty vears there. Since that time in England Q How was the esighteen-inc cable of Brooklyn bridge put in place —G. 8. A. The eighteen-inch cable of tihe Brooklyn bridge was woven in place 1t would have been practically im possible to hoist it to its present position when complete. Q. ballast? A E to carry Q Did_Gen slaves>—F. R F A. At one time he ewned siaves but ten years before the war he set them all free. They remained witl Gen. Lee were given their freedom ved on his pian tation civil Q. 1s the breast-fed bab an among bof fed babies?—E. C H A Of every 100 bottle-fed habie: 25 die in the first year. while of every 100 breast-fed babies only 6 d first vear. Breast-fed babies ha found to be less liabis to many eases, such as summer complaint vulsions and tuberculosis (Did wou ever writs a ietier to Preder Shaw and of his life he has lived Does an excursion boat carr c.C. C cursion ballast boats are required Robert E until war after bee dis cor Bureau any question of fact and get th: answer in a personal leiter. This w part of that best purpose of this new: Ppaper—SERVICE. There is no charg: except 2 cents in stamps for return p age. Get the habit of Gskwng question The Star Information Bureaw, Freder J. Haskin, Director, 21st and C & northwest.) Press Divided on Status of Muscle Shoals Problem The Muscle Shoais preblem will not |cle Shoals plant was regarded as ar down. The House of Representatives at its last session favored acceptance of the propesal to turn the develop- ment problem over to Henry Ford. but the Senate refused to act. This insured ‘the entire question being made one of the chief problems for the December sessions of Congress. The hearings before the Senate com- mittee developed the bitter opposition to the Ford plan led by Senator Nor- ris. Tt also opened the door for a general discussion by editors of the whys and wherefores of the shoals and the great plant included in it On this there is a sharp division of opinion and onee more the question of nationalization is debated from various angles. Newspapers which had been op- posed ta the acceptance of the Ford offer approved Senator Norris' at- titude toward the matter. A typical expression is that of the New York Herald-Tribune (Republican) which savs: “Senator Norris deserves ap- plause for having stemmed that wave of generous emotionalism under which Congress was proposing to bribe the farmer by forcing Muscle Shoals intg the reluctant hand of Mr. Ford." Norris has brought to light “the utter absurdity of the bid of the motor manufacturer,” continues the Buffalo News (Republican) which believes Ford “never would have dared to sub- mit so ridiculous an offer to men of affairs in the business world,” and “Norris gave tho majority of the Sen- ate committee on agriculture courage to deny the demand of the Detroit manufacturer for delivery to him of the most valuable public property of the United States.” With this “most objectionable of all proposals out of the way.” the Chicago Tribune (Re- publican) suggests ‘“proponents of the Norris bill and of other projects in regard to Muscle Shoals can argue out the matter for the country's best interests.” The defeat of the Ford bid, the Reading Tribune (independent) rving on the jury of | claims, “matks a return to the con- servationist program originally advo- cated by Theodore Roosevelt; fur- thermore, “it connotes a desire on the part of the administration to operate profitably a plant which Henry ¥Ford Fealized = could be operated at a profit.” * * %% Fome newspapers favoring the Ford proposal find comfort in the fact that the project was not defeated and that the matter will be eonsid- ered at the next Congress, while oth- ers condemn the delay as inexcusa- ble. The latter view is voiced by the Charleston Post (independent Demo- , which insists “the time has :;:n“:)'hzn it should be determined how the power plant at Muscle Shoals is to be made operative, Whether by the government or by rivate capital.” The Senate ma- fority “muat take responsibility for this piling of delay upon delay,” de- clures the New Orleans Times-Pica- une (independent Democratic), which {l hopeful, however, that “eventual disposition is not vet wholly cast away, for the eountry has, from its hesitant elders, a rather reluctantly iven promise of action on Muscle lnou- ‘when the election hazards are past” If mone of the bid “is good enough,” the Springfield Republican {independent) maintains, “it might be worth while to have some authorita- tive statement made of what would enough.” “’rfi:.:uuthm of the advantages of government or individual ownership, Such as proposed by Mr. Ford, is also faken up with divided opinion. . Ford offer is dead hecause Mr. Ford refused to modify it according to the Brooklyn Eagle (independent Democratic), which points out “threc years ago when he made it the Mus- incumbrance which onght ever would bring.” left from the war to be sold for what it while “toda |it is recognized as one of the cour try's greatest sources of water power which cannot he turned over to pri- vate operation without proper safe guarde” Mr. Ford's attitude “has not been one to inspire confidence continues the Milwaukee Journal (in dependent). because “he has refused to appear hefore the Senate commil- tee,” although “his engineer has said that ‘the wer at Muscle Shoals w be emploved primarily in the publi interest.’ Mr. Ford has refused to that promise in the bond." ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ While he may pose as a benef. the Sioux City Journal (Repu observes, “the ¥Ford offer did not n the requirements that should be dr manded in the interest of the Ame can people, the real owners of th Muscle Shoals” The Topeka Capital (Republican) takes the position th the defeat of the Ford offer was jus fied by the Ford indifference to th federal power act and the stand-pat attitude of the Kord organization s« te amendments or mogifications 1 any particular of the original offer. “Rejection of the r.'»-; offer.” th Roanoke World-News Themocratic| says. “may mean some delay in giv ing the south the fullest immedial: advantages from the development of Muscle Shoals, but, in the long run, the electric power to be developed af Muscle Shoals will be of far greate: henefit to the south under partial full government control than und: the contrel of onec industrialist and his heirs.” The policy of government operation of the property, the Rich- mond News-Leader (independent Demacratic) holds, “is no ceptable to a large part of the Amer- ican public than the virtual gift of the property to Mr. Ford would ha been.” more ac- % Ok * The Chicago Daily News (independ ent) objects to both the ¥ord and Norris measures as being unsound, be- cause the Ford offer violates the “principles of conservation and of adequate compensation to the nation without even guaranteeing cheap fer- tiliger to the farmers,” and the “Noi- alternative would put the govern t into a speculative business and commit it to all manner of experi ments, adventures and risks.” The Newark News (independent) pointed- ly suggests that “poor though the picking is,” * ¢ ¢ “federal operation can always be abandoned for the bet- ter way of private operation with overnment ownership, on a sound feasing basis,” but “the gift to Ford would constitute an.irrevocable eon- tract, and its miscnief Is incalcu- not only with respect to Muscle but as to our entire watcr- powar future.” Campaign for Calories, Dr. Charles W. Eliot, the scholay, is the author of the suggestion that restaurateurs should ally themselves with the reformers by making scien- tific suggestions to patrons concern- ing diet. Many, he belleves, “kill themselves long before their time by overeating and drinking.” For rem- edy: Menu cards listing in paralle] columns foods for <the plump and foods for the meager. But as no one ever trusts another so implicitly as to believe his recommendations con- cerning diet, the advisory menu card would have'the effect merely of dec- stroying confidence between the Tcs- taursteur and the diner without any beneficial result. . Eifot shoul¢ withdraw his suggestion before rcu harm is done. After all, man docg not live by calories, alones—St, Pau Dispatch.