Evening Star Newspaper, May 10, 1924, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SATURDAY May 10, 1924 'i‘HEODOBE W. NOYES. . . . Editor The Evening Star Newsraper Company Business OfMice, 11th St. and New York Office: 110 Chicago OMre: Tower Bnilding Poropean Office 16 Regent St , London, England. with the Sundar morning ithin the th: duily only, 45 only, 20 cents’ per 5 mail or tele phone Main 5000, Collection is made by car riers at the end of cach month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. tly and Sunday..1 yr., $8.40; 1 mo, 70c iiy only. 1 5 Sunday oniy All Other States, v and Sunday.1 yr, $10.00. 1 mo., »aily only $7.00; 1 mo. Sunday only $3.00; 1 mo, Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is esclusivels entitled to fhe use for republication of all news dis Jatehos eredited 10 1t or pot othersise credited o this paper and uiso the local mews pub- Lshed herein Al rights of publication of snecial dispatehes herein are also reserved. Congress as Local Legislature. searchers for topsyturvy- dom find it in the District of Colum hia. Here everything is upside down Here in practical application Ameri- can principles, supposed to be as firm as Gibraltar, are exactly reversed. In this most American of American com- munitics, in that it owes no divided allegiance to a state, the permanent residents are not, politically. Ameri- cans at but aliens. At the hcart of the great republic founded on the principle of no ta: ion without rep. resentation is discovered a community of taxpavers who are not only denied representation in their taxing body. but in respect to whom it is suggested that to he a taxpayer renders one by that fact alone ineligible to act in the taxing body. ewhere, nobody but the tax- rayers or their chosen representatives eligible American principles for membership in the taxing body. Here, everybody is eligible except, it is suggested, the taxpavers. Senator Phipps Surely are on § taken seriously. and met faithfully, his constitutional obligation as legislator for the seat of government; he has worked vig- orously and helpfully give the Capitai the benefit of sound. progres ive legislation: he has played -the part of good citigen in liberal sup port of local charities or community institutions; and, finally, instead of renting, as a transient, he has bought and pays taxes upon a home here. From this incriminating transac tion arises the paradoxical suggestion that in this kingdom of un-American togeyturvydom Senator Phipps, as & er, is ineligible to act in the to American principles were applied here with strictness, the oniy eligibles to our taxing body, cer- tainly in dca.hn&wn.h our 60 per cent tax contribution, would be local tax- pavers like Senator Phipps. Thus the congressmen whose eligi- bility is questioned are on American principles as to 60 per cent of the appropriation the only eligibles. And in dealing with the 40 per cent of national tax contribution the Ameri- cans resident in the District pay into this fund on exactly the same basis as Americans of the states and are entitled to the same representation or voice in the body which spends this fund. Discussion of eligibility to our local national legislature and of the rela- tion of that legislature to its National Capital constituency raises a broader, more momentous question. Applying the doctrine of an exact- ing and far-reaching national respon- sibility toward the Capital, what is the obligation resting upon Congress when it acts as local legislature? Clearly, it denies the justice when Aegislating for the District of disre- garding entirely local needs, condi- tions and prejudices and using the Capital as a national experiment sta- tion, where dubious legislative proj- gcts may be tested as an example or a warning to the nation, with no one injured but the District (as apoth- ecary's cat) if the experimient is un- ahiccessful. 1t forbids such legislation solely or primarily from the point of view of the legislator's home constituency, with the congressman posing as the grudging dispenser of alms alleged to bo contributed by his district or state to the greedy mendicants of the Capital. It exacts from the national-local legistator that in fair play he shall appear to the Capital as a friendly lawgiver, wise and just, and not as a hostile “proconsul” contemptuously | and despotically lording it over the barbarians, or as the *'Scourge of God"” to punish for its imaginary sins an alleged base and degenerate com- munity. It makes of the congressman as Tocal legislator & representative under the Constitution of his Capital con- stituents as distinctly as if elected by them and under the same obligations, as if thus elected, to consider patiently and sympathetically their point of view, to crystallize into legislation as «far as practicable and reasonable their opinions and wishes and to pro- tect faithfully their interests and wel- fare. As local legislator under the Consti- tution the congressman represents not the nation, not the state, not the congressional district, but the Dis- irict of Columbia and its 450,000 Americans. The extensive powers in respect to the Capital conferred upon Congress involve equaily far-reaching responsi- bilities and oblige*ions, and sacrifices in the nation's interest are required on both sides of the partnership. A Ereat power is to be greatly, nobly exercised, controlled by no motive or impulse that is small or mean or base. The greatest legislative body in the avorld, representing the world's fore- most nation, is to build up, typifying that nation, the world's grandest Cap- ital. The nation’s city which the fore- fathers nobly planned is by us to be 't-ua on lines no less noble. Capital which wisdom and pa. L mit triotism are to make truly great in- cludes not only the physical city, but the people who live in it, the men who make the sacrifices in the na- tion's interest which call for sacrifices of time and thought and patient con- sideration jn return, The obligation is to build not merely a beautiful city, but a healthful, wholesome, well gov- crned, contented and self-respecting city. What, then, will the nation do with its city_to make it more attractive, more healthful, more creditable in every way as the National Capital? What will it do with the Americans who constitute the people of its city to promote their physical, political, in- teltectual and moral welfar o — Potomac Power Hearing. In the course of the hearing on the Potomac power project by a subcom- of the House District commit- phases of the plan are discussed by men having inti- ¢ technical knowledge of hydro- electric matters and of details of the Potomac plan in particular. The evi- dence so far indicates that no great reduction in the cost of electric cur- rent is to be looked for by household- ers and other small consumers, but that an important price reduction may tee various bein | be expected by public utilities, manu- facturers, and those users of electric- ity who get a special rate for quantity consumption which guarantees a steady load for the generating plants. The greater cost of electric current is shown to be for distribution, over- head and interest and profit on in- vestment Maj. O'Connor the Engineer Corps, who has carried on the studies of the plan devised and reported by Maj. Tyier, told the subcommittee that the present cost of generating electricity is 11 mills per kilowatt hour. the straight production cost be- ing 7 mills and fixed charges on the generating plant 4 mills. At the pres- ent cost of 10 cents per kilowatt hour to small consumers, 8.9 cents is for distribution, general expenses and profit on investment. Figures for cach of these divisions of cost were not given. Under the Tyler plan it is not proposed that the government shall enter the business of distribut- ing power to private consumers, but it would distribute current to govern- ment departments and workshops. That the Potomac project is prac- ticable, that it would develop a large amount of power, would slightly re- duce the price of electricity to small consumers and materially reduce it to large consumers, is declared. There is evidence that all the electric power developed “will find a ready market in the District of Columbia and in the adjacent territory to which it can be transmitted without disproportionate line loss or transmission cost.” The cheapening of power to large buvers would benefit present manufactures in the District and perhaps encourage extension of desirable manufactures. The estimate of cost for the Little Falls part of the project is $13,600,000 and for the whole project, including Little Falls, Great Falls, Great Ca- capon, Shenandoah and South Branch, $44,421,000, and the Army engineer told the committee that the estimates were scaled high so that they would be sure to cover the ultimate cost. The Potomac project stands for a major plan in the development of Washington. The river would work for us and lessen the amount of coal Washington draws from the mines and which year by vyear becomes more expensive. —— rat———— The political intentions of Speaker Gillett call attention to the fact that while the United States Senate is often the subject of sarcasms, and even of direct attack, it is always re- garded as being an important step- ping stone in the path of promotion. —r———————— Should Albert Beveridge become Vice President he can be assured that his official duties will not be so press- ing as to exclude him from further literary activity. —— r—————— When the radio operators struck in Paris the public was again reminded that the most modern inventions are still hampered by the oid economic ob- structions. —————————— The alcoholic percentage proposed for beer is comparatively mild, if the brewing processes can always be guaranteed as arithmetically precise. et The Cleveland convention will show the world how Republican party lead- ers feel that Congress ought to have been conducting itself. A Row in Commons. It was bound to happen. Sooner or later disorder was sure to break out in the British House of Commons. Ever since the assumption of minis- terial authority by the Laborites the proceedings have been quiet and dignified. But all the elements of a lively shindy were present, awaiting only occasion for an outbreak. It came yesterday, when the Scotch home-rule bill was under discussion. The bill itself has no pyrotechnic quality, but the long-pent nerves of the Labor and Advanced Liberal mem- bership finally reached the breaking point over a wholly secondary ques- tion of closure. Some of the Laborite members were impatient at the debate and wanted to vote. Some of the Con- servatives wanted to talk a little longer. The speaker held strictly to the rules of procedure. Clamor broke out, disorder prevailed. One member went so far as to light his pipe in con- travention of an age-old prohibition. The prime minister was sent for in a hurry, and when he came he was greeted by one of his own supporters angrily with the query: “What are you coming in now for, after being away all day?” A Laborite called a Conservative, who persisted in claim- ing the right to speak, a “big, long drink -of wate Finally the speaker declared the session at an end, while one of the Labor members shouted out that, this was the beginning of the end of Parliament. Ever since the Labor ministry took hold it has been the general belief that it could not last many menths. Lacking a majority in Commons, it subsisted by grace of the other par- tiog, both of them willing to “bide a bit"” to let political conditions settle and possibly to try out the Labor capacity for administration. Thus far the ministry has done well and has, save on & few minor questions, had strong support from both the Liberals and Conservatives. But it cannot go on indefinitely without & specific man- date from the country, and dissolution and a general election are regarded as certain in the near future. Yester- day’s happenings in Commons will probably hasten the adjournment, per- haps precipitate an adverse vote that will be the signal for dissolution. e Speaker Gillett’s Candidacy. Announcement by Speaker Gillett that he is a candidate for nomination to the United States Senate is calcu- lated to stimulate interest in the Massachusetts political situation, with a sidelight on national politics as well. In the circumstances of his decision to run for the senatorship it is safe to assume that his candidacy will be under the auspices of the administra- tion, making a powerful adjunct to his prospects of receiving the nomination in the primaries. His announcement was made after frequent conferences with President Coolidge and William M. Butler, present manager of Presi- dent Coolidge’s pre-convention cam- paign and prospective chalrman of the Republican national committee. Speaker Gillett had deferred hin senatorial ambition pending the pros- pect of Mr. Butler making the race, and after the latter's decision not to run waited to give Gov. Cox first call on the candidacy. Both gentlemen being out of the running, the Speaker stepped to the front and is in the fight to the finish. The national aspect is that his retirement from Congress, as he will not stand for renomination as a representative in Congress, opens a fight for the speakership of the next House the House. There are three potential candidates for that office, Mr. Long- worth of Ohio, Mr. Madden of Tllinois and Mr. Wood of Indiana. It is ex- pected that the speakership will go to the middle west, and these three, with possibly others, will make a spir- ited contest. Should the Speaker win the nomina- tion it will enliven the campaign &or election, as his opponent will be Sena- tor David 1. Walsh, recognized as a strong figure in Massachusetts poli- tics. The Republicans want that Democratic seat in the Senato very much, and the contest between these two upstanding Massachusetts leaders will be carnest and spectacular. e ——r——————— The European ovations to two of this country's most famous motion picture stars have compelled them to seck the privacy that will permit rea- sonable repose. A great artist may be- come almost as weary of acknowledg- ing continuous applause asan eminent statesman does of shaking hands. —_—————— An opera singer fell and broke her arm recently at Neuilly sur Seine. She may be consoled in her sufferings by the fact that her artistic career will not be interrupted to the extent that it would have been had she been a bass drummer or a slide-trombone player. e Just when Evelyn Thaw was pro- testing that she could not fight mil- lions because she was only a poor working girl. the police raided her cabaret in Atlantic City. The police are often cruelly lacking in a sense of artistic pathos, —————————— A few of the New York theatrical producers are undecided as to whether they will work overtime to entertain the Democratic national convention or give the actors vacations that will permit them to see the big political performance. —_—————————— It is almost time to begin the an- nual speculation as to whether the price of next winter's coal is going to be regulated upward or downward. ————e—— Enforcement of the Volstead act, like other worthy undertakings, has had its difficulties in getting exactly the proper kind of hired help. ———————— Dr. Coue has not yet had the temerity to volunteer any remarks before a Senate investigating commit- tee. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Slogan. There is a slogan in the air— Bach one of us has met it. The call that's echaing everywhere Is this, “When do we get it?" Bach mind on promises has dwelt Till they begin to fret it. | And as our hopes proceed to melt We say, “When do we get it?” Reduction in life's cost so high— Is slow. We all regret it. Of this and many things we sigh, “It's great! When do we get it?” Evolution. “I feel that I have a great future in politics,” said the young man. “That's fine,"answered Senator Sor- ghum. “Take care of it. The big trick is to keep a great future from grad- ually transforming itself into a ter- rible past.” Jud Tunkins says that even when he takes his wife's advice she’s liable to tell him later that he ought to have been man enough to make up his own mind. Inventions. Inventions ought to be enjoyed In intercourse refined. Too many of them are employed To shoot up human kind. The Gayety of Species. “What do you think of the Dar- winian theory?” “If it’s correct,” answered Miss Cay- enne, “we are undoubtedly more in- tellectual than our remote ancestors. But we aren't nearly as amusing.” “Riches hab wings,” said Uncle Eben, “but-de bird dat's got 'em must show some sense 'bout. which way he's gineter fiy.” if the Republicans organize Q. How are the press galleries in the Capitol managed?—P. D. A. A. Press galleries of the House of Representatives and the Senate are under control of a standing commit- tee of carrespondents, subject to the approval and supervision of the Speaker of the House and the Sen- ate committee on rules. Q. When will the Jewish New Year come this year?—M. P. B. D. ”A. In 1924 it occurs on September Q. Should eggs be washed?—A.F.N. A. The Department of Agriculture says that eggs should not be washed. Washed eggs deteriorate more rap- idly than unwashed. Although dirty eggs are discounted in price, wash- ing cggs will usually cause pro- ducers a greater loss. It is best to use dirty eggs on the farm and mar- ket ohly the best of quality of clean, unwashed eggs. Q. Did Gen. Allenby have water from the Nile piped to Jerusalem?— L. A E. A. He did not pipe the water of the Nile into Jerusalem. Shortly after the occupation of the city by the British water was brought to the city from the reservoir originally bullt nearly 2,000 years ago by Pon- tius Pilate. This reservoir is known as Birkelt Arrout and lies a few miles south of Pools of Solomon. The reservoir was repaired and enlarged and now has a capacity of 5,000,000 gallons. Q. Please publish & blography Howard R. Garis.—0. C. G. A. Howard Roger Garis was born in Binghamton, N. Y., April 25, 1873; received an academic education; re- porter and special writer for the Evening News, Newark, N. 1. since 1896; member of Authors’ Leaguc of America; Reptile Study Society. Among his books are the following: “With Force of Arms” 1902; “Uncle Wiggily” series, thirty-five volumes; “The Young Reporter” series, ten volumes; “Rick and Ruddy” series, three volumes: has written cighty books for children since 1902; in- ventor of Uncle Wiggily and other games. Mr. Garis' home is at 103 Evergreen place, East Orange, N. J. of Q. Please give sea-water pressure per square inch at different depths —A. M. E. A. Following is a table of pressure at observed depths of the ocean: At 33 feet the pressure is 15 pounds to the square inch; 66 feet, 30 pounds; 99 feet, 45 pounds; 100 fathoms, 270 pounds; 1,000 fathoms, 2,700 pounds. Q States are illiterates?—L. S. A. According to the 1920 census thero were 4,931,005 persons in the United States ten years or more of age unable to write in any language Q. In what direction from Rome did the Appian Way lead?—W. T. D. A. It led in a southerly direction to Capua. Afterward it was carried on to Brundusium. It crosses the Alban Mountains and the Pontine Marshes. Tho pavement of hexagonal blocks, principally of lava, on a firm foundation and strengthened with cement, is still in use in places. The road was begun under Appius Claud- ius Caecus in 312 B.C. How many people in the United K. Q. Who wrote “God Be With You Till We Meet Again”?—M. E. G A. This hymn was written in 1852 by Dr. J. E. Rankin, and was first sung In_the JMirst Congregational Church, Washington, D. C.. of which Dr. Rankin was pastor. Ho was also at that time president of Howard Uni- versity. Q. How much coffee is drunk in this country?—B. L. Y. A. All coffee is, of course, imported In 1923, 1,425,000,000 pounds were re- ceived—an incease of £4,000,000 pounds over the former high record This amounts to about 13 pounds per capita. Q. Why was the Huguenot half- dollar coined?—M. A. E. A. It commemorates the landing of the first Huguenot colony in this country in 1624. Most of the colonists went to Fort Orange, now the Albany. Some went to Delaware and Connecticut, while a few remained on Manhattan Island. This coin, like the Pilgrim half-dollar, is sold at a premium. Q. Where is the farthest north United States lighthouse?—J. F. A. The bureau of lighthouses says the lighthouse farthest north is Cape Espenberg light, which is in 66 de- grees 35 minutes latitude and 163 de- grees 40 minutes longitude. It is located at Katzebul Sound, Arctic Ocean. E Q. What is the ramie imported from Japan used for?—H. C. E. A Comparatively small quantities of it are imported into this country and into Europe, where it is de- gummed by chemical methods, combed and spun. Practically all of the ramie yarns made in the United States, England and France are used in the manufacture of incandescent gas mantles. Q. How long have men ri horses?—I. G. ¥. ey A While no date is recorded, it is probable that men have ridden horse- back for about 3,000 years. Q. From what country was the to- mato plant imported to the United States?—H. N. A. A. The Department of Agriculture says that the vegetable we know as the tomato was not imported into this country, but is an improved va- riety of a native tomato plant. Q. How many one-room school- houses are there in the United States? —L V.8 A. The bureau of education says that at the present time there are 175,455 one-room schoolbouses in the United States. Q. Of what kind of wood are good violins made?—M. M. A. The under surface or back of a violin is generally made of maple or sycamore; tho top or belly is made of a soft wood, pine or fir; the neck is of maple; the tail piece and finger board of ebony. Q. What public buildings in Wash- ington are open on Sunday?—M. R. K. A. The public buildings open on Sundays and holidays are as follows: The Botanic en, 9 am. to 5 p.m.; Library of Congress, 2 p.m. to 10 p.m.; the Smithsonian tution, 1:30 p.m. to 4 p.m.; Soldiers’ Home, from 9 am. to sunset; Washington Monument, 12:30 te ¢ p.m.; Arlington Cemetery and the logical Park are open until sunset. Q. Where is Bdith Cavell buried?— J. M. B. A. On May 5, 1919, the body of Edith Cavell was removed to Norwich Cathedral in England, after memorial services had y conducted in West- minster Abbey. (Readers of The Evening Star should semd their questions to The Star Informa- ohargo for thds service h)s' oents in BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE J. R MoCarl, controller general of the United States, who is also the pet aversion of the Army and Navy, is a Nebraskan and acquired his fighting blood while private ‘secro- tary to Senmator W. Norris. Later McCarl was executive secretary of the Republican congressional com- mittee and was serving in that ca- pacity when President Harding ap- pointed him watchdog of the Treas- ury under the new budget system in 1921. MecCarl is a lawyer by pro- fession and hails from McCook, Neb. He is stalwart and stooky and could play Napoleon without a make-up. Army and Navy officers call him a picayunish hair-spiitter. But Congressman Madden, chairman of the House committee on appropria- tions, says McCarl's passion to save the people's pennies is tho highest type of public service, * %k % ¥ Secrgtary Hughes hopes the inter- national situation will be sufficlently calm in July to permit him to go to England for the American Bar Asso- olation meeting. If he is able to make the trip, Mr. Hughes will travel exclusively in the capacity of a law- yer off on a transatlantic picnic with brother lawyers It probably would be difficult for him to dodge all attempts in Europe to honor him as our minister of foreign affairs, but the Secretary of State is dotermined as far as possible to enjoy himself “over there” incognito. = In _other days Hughes used to visit the British Isles almost annually, an excursion to his ancestral Wales usually being on his itinerary. * ok & the name herewith omitted of the member of Congress who recently invited to address a meeting of the Jefferson Monticello Memorial Association, proceeded to divest himself of a set speech on Joseph Jefferson and the latier's con- tribution to dramatic art. * % % President Coolidge, like lesser members of the broadcasting fra- ternity, is in receipt of numerous let- ters from radio fans. Hoe apparently. too, takes the trouble to acknowl- edge some of them. To a humble resident of Minooka, Ill., who wrote Coolidgo a letter of appreciation on his New York gddress on April the President replied “Mrs. Coolidge and 1 were inter- ested in reading your letter and we bath appreciate the kindly sentiment which prompted vou Lo write. We feel grateful to vou for vour ex- pressions of good will and loyalty Such assurances are always hearten- ing, and give one courage to meet By request is the problems of the day. I am glad that the radio gave you the oppor- tunity to hear my aidress and that you liked it. Thank you very much for your kindly reference to it.” * k k¥ Somebody has recalled that June 24—when the jDemocratic national convention opens in New York—is mid-summer night. Upon which oc- casion the fairies are supposed to appear and perform works of magic As the Democrats’ conclave creeps over nearer, leaders become more and more certain that miracles and magic, rather than the plans and plots of candidatorial managers, arc likely to determine the result.’ As McAdoo, Underwood and Smith claims grow taller, the conviction of the best authorities grows firmer that Mr. X of Anywhere is still the most prom- ising dark horse in sight. Even money is offered on only one prop- osition at Madison Square Garden— that within its sweltering walls there'll be a battle royal and a fight to the finish. * kK ok They did things differently in the budding hours of the republic when reputations were aspersed by the cruel tongue of gossip. The other day when Winchester, Va., was cel- ebrating the first annual Shenandoah apple blossom festival it issued a fac simile of the “Virginia Centinel, or Winchester Meroury,” dated March 25, 1789. In the advertising columns this notice appears: “Whereas, some person with a de- sign to injure my character, has propagated a report that 1 was con- cerned in attempting to locate some lands belonging to the estate of the o George Willlam Fairfax, which under my care; 1 am therefore induced, in this public manner, to call upon the person, who has thus attempted to asperse my reputation, to come forward and make himaelf known, and prove the charge, which, if he fails to do, 1 trust that my friends and the public will do me the justice to believe the report Is false and malicious “BATTAILE MUSE.’ * % % % The hopes of Calvin Coolidge and some Democratic child of destiny as yet unrevealed are resting these days on the Boardwalk at Atlantic City. There for a fortnight of recupera- tion, Senator Robert M. La Follette is imbibing the strength that flows from ocean breezes. He is reported 1o be benefiting visibly from their care His friends think that “Fighting Bob's" political plans. anent a third party and such like things, will be determined largely by tie condition in which he returns, later in the month, from his “cure” at Atlantic City. (Copyright, 1924.) McCray Case Brings Demand For Higher Grade Candidates Millionaire, politcal leader, finan- cial magnate, adviser and example to a great commonwealth—and now a bankrupt convict. That is the story of Warren T. McCray, Govermor of Indiana. whose sentence to ten years in a federal prison is unanimously commended by the nation's cditors It is agreed that the case is one of the strangest in the criminal annals of the United States The demand for men of character as candidates for office should be more insistent and widespread as the result of the con- viction of Gov. McCrav, editors sa. In the opinion of the Portland Ex- press, “It is for the psychologists and eriminologists to explain how a man can have an honorable and successful career until nearly sixty and then smbark upon a career of crime that a_get-rich-quick individual of the Wallingford type would be ashamed of.” Pride of success. pride of posi- tion, pride of power, the New Orleans Times - Picayune SUggests, “was stronger than conscience, more power- fu! than judgment.” At any rate, “the case stands on its merits, or demerits.” the Kansas City Journal holds, “as an illustration of inexcusa- ble fraud by the highest official in the stal acting as an individual, but, by re: of his prominence in the public e to that extent betraying the trust placed in him.” The Co- lumbus Dispatch points out “the dis- grace to the state of Indiana reflects heavi upon the voters themselves, who voluntarily lifted him to the position where the honor of the state couid be tarnished by his unlawful transactions.” *xxF The Milwaukee Journal, however, explains “Gov. McCray was elected not because he promised to do any- thing for Indiana, not because he had anything to offer, but because he had the party machine behind him," but, “when a state has live issues, when a man must give promise of doing something worth while before he is honored with high office, we don't get the McCray kind.” His conduet, ac- cording to the Louisville Courier- Journal, “is all the more shocking be- cause the state whose chief magis- trate he was and the people whose confidence he betrayed have been known for more than a century to be ruggedly honest and passionately patriotic. The sentiment of Indiana is ex- pressed by the Indianapolis News when it says: “The resignation of the governor has brought to the people a great sense of relief. For this they are grateful McCray might have ap- pealed and continued to hold on. Such ation would have been intoler- abl “In view of the disposition in many quarters to exaggerate the value of ‘business men’ in_ high political sta- tions,” the New York Evening World mentions, “the experience of Indiana has not been such as to make the ex- periment impressive,” for “its three business man governors have been failures.” In this connection the Knoxville Sentinel notes that “many public officials of today appear to be obsessed with the strange conviction that public office places them above the Jaw and they can do with im- punity what ordinary citizens may not.” Feeling that those who com- plain _of the Senate investigations must be perfectly satisfied with Judge Anderson’s court, the Springfield Re- publican _insists “the people must back up the court, which has done its duty so conspicuously, by scrutinizing the character of candidates for office more closely and ruthlessly,” and, “if this suggests adding to the terrors of candidating and office-holding, citi- zens of integrity and jdeal will still be ready to face the facts candidly and submit to the most searching tests of personal fitness for public service. * % K % The Omaha World-Herald cites the brighter side of the case in that “it vindicates the majesty of tho law, which “s gratifying and reassuring,” because, “when Americans are given to realize that there is not one law for the powerful, another for the humble; that there is not one law for the rich, another for the poor, the foundations of the republic are strengthened.” If this were not true, “we should have a right to despair, asserts the Providence Journal. In- deed, “it is refreshing.,” continues the ‘| Memphts News-Scimitar, ‘\o ‘observe that position, power and influence are no defense when a man stands before the bar of justice.” For the court dealt with the governor of one of the ETcatest states in the Union “just as it would have dealt with the most ob- scure bootlegger.” agrees the Houston Chronicle. which believes “an hone: Jjudge and an honest jury are yet t bulwarks of organized society.” The Lincoln Star is confident “it should prove an excellent tonic for those who have lost faith in the judicial system of this country.” Tho Fargo ¥orum believes further “this case shouid give public officials, as well as those who aspire to public office, a new realization of thc obligations resting upon the public servants of the nation and of every state.” The McCray the Lynchburg News considers, not _onme to be connected with those at Washington as evidence of inefficient, cynical and corrupt government and is not ome to be used in the indictment against democracy being boldly brought to- day, even by some who have not been accounted its enemies” While the Wichita Kagle says, “The Indiana Deme srator this year will not make Republican in Indiana indivi v responsible for McCray, he will not even make the Republican party responsible for him with too great emphasis, but will confine his attack to the clique responsible for McCray's nomination.” The Grand Rapids Press, nevertheless, concludes that “perhaps a little of the reverence for orderly procedure of this case would not be amiss in Washington, where the administration was as- sailed with a mass of hearsay testi- mony and obliged to adjust itself to a blast of prejudicing wrath before any court had the opportunity to in- vestigate.” Customs Workers’ Pay Head of Association Asserts Good Policy Requires Increase. To the Editor of The Star: Customs eémployes of the United States consider that a great injustice was done tho 7.500 employes of the customs service when they were denied the two and one-kalf million dollar increase in appropriation necessary to place the salaries and the quality of the personmel on an adequate basis to collect the revenue derived from the duties on imports. In public speeches recently incresse in salaries for postal employes has been advocated, because the Post Office Department is almost self- sustaining. We agree that postal em- ployes should have the raise recom- mended, in order to meet the cost of living, which does not chme down as predicted and expected. The living cost is the same to the customs em- ploye as to the postal employe. But what about the customs em- ploye—whose qualifications are a grade higher than that of postal em- Dployes, whose qualifications are tech- nical in almost every branch, and who still receive an average of two hundred dollars less per annum than city postal carriers and clerks do at present. The customs service is not only self-sustaining, but in 1923 turned into the Treasury $.977 of every $1 collected—to make up the deficiencies of the postal and other departments, and for whatever purpose Congress sees fit to appropriate. The remark was made in the halls of Congress that the customs em- ployes are on a parity with other services. This statement is incorrect, as an unprejudiced investigation and statistics will prove. The two and one-half million increased appropria- tion would not have been adequate to place the customs service on such parity. This lack of parity results in de- creased efficiency and morale of the employes, high-class employes no longer entering the service, and many leaving it. One collector of custom testifies that the customs service now gets the discard of com- mercial establishments, whereas it formerly drew upon them for their best employes. This condition is reflected in in- ferior service to the importer who pays the duties, and who on that account demanded the increased ap- propriation mentioned, for the good of the service, PHILIP H. SHAUB, resident National Cus: . .‘toms Employes, . The Library Table BY THE BOOKLOVER Although the consensus of world opinion outside of Germany undoubt- edly is th.t Germany and her allies were responsible for bringing on the world war, historians are still study- ing the vast mass of official docu- ments that have been published, as well as the numerous personal nar- ratives, to find new light on the question, and are gradually publish- ing the results of such critical stud- fes. The May number of Current History, published by the New York Times, contalns a most interesting study of the question by Prof. Harry Elmer Barnes of Smith College, in which he summarizes the conclusions arrived at by the most competent American and English historians. This long article, entitled “Assessing the Blame for the World War; A Re- vised Judgment Based on All Avail- able Documents” is already causing considerable controversy. The author of the article, who comes from a long line of American ancestry of original English and Dutch stock and who is regarded by the. editor of Current History as one o fthe most thorough American scholars in historical re- search, closes his analysis of the evi- dence of war gullt with the conclu- sion “that the scapegoat theory of complete, sole and unique guilt on the part of Germany or any. other single state can no longer be support- ed. Probably the majority of com- petent students would assign the rel- ative responsibility for the outbreak of hostilities in about lhl{ order: Austria, Russia, France, Germany and England. * * * Deeper than any national guilt is the responsibil- ity of the wrong-headed and savage European system of nationalism, im- perialism, secret diplomacy and mil- itarism which sprang into full bloom from 1870 to 1314. And thers can be no hope of permanent peace in Eu- rope until it is freely and clearly recognized that it is the system which must be resolutely attacked through various forms of international co-op- cration and organization.” P Though the editor of Currcnt His- tory had oconfidence in. the scholar- ship and good faith of Prof. Barnes he realized that the conoclusion reached whereby France was rated before Germany in guilt would be & startling judgment. He has, there- fore, also published in the same num- ber a briefer article by Prof. Albert Bushnell Hart strongly dissenting. He writes: “If Barnes is right, Roose- velt was wrong, Wilson was wrong, Elihu Root was wrong Ambassador vas wrong—everybody was coording to Barnes, Hart continues. “the evidence acquits Ger- many and puts France in the pillory. These two articles will not settle the matter. The editor of Current His- tory announces that in a later issue he “will publish judgments on this provocative article by several other distinguished American historians. They will be awaited with great in- terest. In the meantime an editorial writer in the New York Times points out that “to the layman there is one fatal defect in the argument” of Prof. Barnes, “and that consists in his exclusive ooncern with documents to the neglect of common fact and normal psychologs.” & Riceyman Steps is the name given to the “gentle, broad acolivity lead- ing from King's Cross Road to Ricey- man Square, in the great metropoli- tan industrial district of Clerken- well.” In this “hell of noise and dust and dirt,” continually disturbed by the roar of traffic in the King's Cross Road and the “muffled uproar of the subterranean electric trains” of the underground railway which ran be- neath the seotion, passed the lives of Henry Earlforward. his wife Violet and their overworked and underfed servant Elsie. In describing theig dull, drab lives Arnold Bennett has produced in his most recent novel, “Riceyman Steps” a piece of sordid decency equal to that of his “Old Wives” Tale.” Henry's existence was a partly veiled but ceaseless, dogged, unemotional strusgle expenses and to add to his hoard. From the point of view of his dom- inant passion, Violet, his really loved wife, was his ememy. To keep as nearly intact as possible the small sums he took in daily in his second- hand‘ book shop. to eat as little as possible himself and to permit as little as possible to be eaten by the other two members of his family, to see that the gas ring in the kitehen burned only the unavoidable few moments a day and that fires were lighted in the other rooms not at all—these constituted the daily ao- ll\vjth‘.s of Henry Eariforward. \lul_el Earlforward's mind was not as single-tracked as Henry's. She vacillated between periods of com- plete self-abnegation and submission to Henry and (especially when she was hungry) of rebellion against him. Elsie's life was an unending doubls fight—to keep the dirt of the neigh- berhood from burying the little house and its inhabitants amd to find the means of satisfying the gnawings of her healthy voung stomach. Not all the left-overs of cold potatoes, tag ends of meat, dried cheese rinds and bread crusts in that parsimonious house sufficient to appease Elsie's' ravenous appetite, but when, vielding to strong physical urge, she devoured raw the small quantity of bacon which should have provided the next day's family dinner, she suffered agonies of re- morse. But, in spite of all the sordid- ness, cach one of the odd trio had a secret romance. Violet's was her small safe of securities left her by her first husband, which she kept iu the bathroom because only there could she open it alone. Henry's was his safe of bank notes and gold coin in his inner office. Elsie's was Joe- a poor enough wreck of humanity in the eves of every one else, but her own and therefore to be cherished. * ¥k x X At this season of the year and in this section of the country the little book on “The Baltimore Oriole,” by Raphael Semmes Payne, will be found of especial interest. The author claims that the Baltimore oriole is “the most fascinating lawn bird in America” He draws on his own ob- Bervations and on the writings of John J. Apdubon, a biographical sketech of whom is appended to book. He tells us that the bird's name Is derived from jts plumage of orange and black, the colors of Lord Baltimore, the founder of the Mary- land colony. His narrative is inter- spersed with several bits of verse on the oriole, from. ome of which, by Denis McCarthy of Boston the fol- lowing is quoted: So the orioles are back, Clad in orange and in black, Bringing to our northern eves Something of the southern skics; Bringing to us many a song That to softer scenes belong, ‘Where the southern airs are bland Blowing over Maryland! * ¥ * “Eyeless Light” is the title of a book by Jules Romains, French scien- tist and writer, which opens up'new paths of thought and speculation in the fleld of vision. The interesting theory of Romaine is that man once Ppossessed the ability to “see with his skin” a faculty which has since be- come atrophied through long disuse. Some. people, Mr. Romains argues. still have this faculty to a high de- gree and he recounis in his book many tests made under scientific auspices in Paris to prove his point. One of the sponsors of the book is no less a person than Anatole France who witnessed a number of the ex- to keep down | ’ DEFEAT OF JAPAN'S GOVERNMENT SEEN Elections Today Come at End of Unusually Bitter Politica! Campaign. By the Associnted Press. TOKIO, May 10.—Preliminary esi- mates of the trend of voung in to- ¢ day’s general clection to choose 44 members of the new house of repre sentatives were unfavorable to the government, even members of the cab inet admitting that likelihood gaining a majority is remote. The close of one of tho bitterss: campaigns in Japanese history was marked by disorders in many ecitic resulting in at lcast one doath infury to several scores and the ar rest of more than 800 persons fc violation of election laws. The oppo- sition, asserting most of those rested wero its adherents charg that the government party, the Seiy honto, used the election machiner and the police in behaif of the Seiy hontoites. On Domestic Lines. Although extra editions of papers this morning carried bullstin: { announcing the rejection by th lower house of the United § the proposal to delay exclusior Japanese immigration, interest of t nation centered for the time being at least, on the election, the publi forgetting American issues. played no part in the campaign. was strictly along personal mestic lines. While it is probable the S supporting Premier K emerge the largest part Kiyoura elements, notabl selkai, Seiyukai and Kakush groups appear assured of a ma) of representatives Cabinet Plans Future. A session of the cabinet yesterds was devoted largely to discussion its political future in the light o© probability that it again will face hostile majority in the lower hous One element of the cabinet is know: to be urging the cabinet's resisna tion if the election goes adversel Other cabinet members, especial Home Minister Mizuno, are insist upon retention of power at least unt {he imperial diet meets June 6. The interim could be utilized in an a tempt to enlist sufiicient member now belonging to enemy parties tc Join the government forces and git¢ Premier Kivoura a majority. Tt believed the Mizuno faction will pre vail, although if the opposition’s ma jority is overwhelming. the resign tion s possible before the diet con- Venes. However. if the Opposins forces are evenly aligned, the premier probably will follow Mizuno's advice And remain until the diet session Then possibly resort again to disc tion of the diet. of any new BRITISH CHEERED BY POINCARE ACTION By the Associated Press. LONDON, May 10.—The quick ceptance which Prime Minister Donald got in response to his tation asking Premier Poincare come to England on May I pleased the officials in Down street, who consider that the repl from Paris indicates that the French premier, like ‘his British colleagus is desirous of keeping the Daw reparation ball rolling Mr. MacDonald's invitation only vesterday afternoon and Vorable reply was received within few hours. The premiers will co fer at Chequers Court. where the formal character of the prime min ister's meeting with Premier h of Belglum last week will b served. Philip Snowden. chanc of the exchequer, and perhans other of Mr. MacDonald’s mini wilPhe present, but there will b secretaries with the confere record of the conversatior made. Mace Tribute to Mothers. Writer Believes Memorial Day Should Be Nation's Greatest. To the Editor of The Star: For the observance tomorrow Mother's day, as has been the be: ful custem for a number of yes special tributes will be paid throus! out the length and breadth of land to the swee and deares’ all_worthy creations, “our mothe For meméry of those who have passed over to the celestial shore a white carnation will be worn, while for those who are still living a red ono will be worn. In addition 10 this tribute the subject of “Mother will furnish a happy and appropriat theme for many thousands of pulpit Could there be a more beautiful a more desired memorial custom tha this? Is there & name under the more worthy to be honored and ct ished and remembered than that of mother? How blessed is the memor of those who have gone on befor Does it not float to us now like grateful perfume of some woodland blossoms? “How oft we long for the touch of a vanished hand. and the sound of a voice that is still.” The music of other voices may br lost, but the entrancing memory of hers will ccho in our souls forever Other faces will ‘fade away and forgotten, but hers will shine on un til the light from heaven's portals shall glorify, we trust, our own. 1f we could concentrate all world into one flower, we would it a rose. If we could concentra all the melody of the universe int one composition we would call it t} Messiah. 1f we could concentrate al the tenderness and sympathy of (h world into one endearing term, W would call it Mother. No other word in the language = invested with such charm and path as this. The very incense of heaver seems to cling to it. Even in our o age we look back with a feeling of fondest affection and with a memory the sweetest we have through lifc Let Mother's day, then, be observ« with all the love and reverence {l should characterize it. \ CHARLES F. KREH 2 Protests Changing Name Of Rainier to Tacoma To the Biitor of The Star An attempt is being made in Con gress to change the name of Mount Rainier to Mount Tacoma - because Admiral Rainier was an officer in the British navy “and consequently an enemy of the Colonies"—this over the head of the United States Georgraphic Board, which has twice patiently heard the matter and twice decided that Tacoma had no author- 1ty in history, and that Rainier was as firmly fixed by right of discovery and usage as any geographical name in_the countrs. I geographical names are changed on such a pretext, sentative John F. Miller has intro- duced a resolution in Congress (o appoint a joint committee of the Senate and House to remove all Brit- ish, Spanish and German names b cause we have since been at war with those nations. This makes the sub- Ject of nation-wide significance. CHRISTY THOMAS. Executive Secretary, Seattle Chamber of Commerce. f\ to be Repre-