Evening Star Newspaper, April 25, 1924, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY...... . April 25, 1924 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office, 11th St. and Pennsylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 Kust 42ad St. Chicago Office: Tower Building. European Office: 16 Regent St., Lozdon, England ‘The Evening Star, with the Snnday morning dition, is delivered by carriers within the ity af G0 cents per mouth: daily oaly, cents per month: Sunday only, 20 cents per month. Orders may be sent by mail or tele- phone Maln 5000. Collection i3 mude by car. Tiers at the end of each month. 45 Tate by Mail—Payable in Advdnce, Maryiand and Virginia. ]‘ Sunday..1 yr., §8.40; 1 mo,, 7! ...dyr,$240; All Other States. and Sunday.1 yr., $10.00 Daily only 1yr., $7.00:1 mo. Sunday only 1yr, $3.00.1mo, 25c Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Prexs is exclusively entit the use for republication of all news d: patches credited o It or not otherwise credited n this paper and also the local news puob. shed ‘herein. All rights of publication of | special dispatches horein are aiso reserved. Nationa] Memorial Bridge. President Coolidge has laid the Memorial bridge plan before Congress with the report of the bridge comm sion, consisting of himself, the Presi- dent of the Senate, Speaker of the House, chairmen of the Senate and | House committees on pubiic buildings | and the officer in charge of public | bulldings and grounds. Thus realiza tion of a patriotic project which has| been before the people of Washington | for generations and several times be- | fore Congres brought cl The | report of the bridge comm says that the project has been considered rom time to time for than seventy-five years, “apparently being suggested by 1" Andrew on e Memorial bridge idea was born | The thought of = a Memorial bridge originated n Washington. It was discussed dur- ng the decade 1880-1890 and was pro- ciaimed as a feature of Greater Cap- tal plans many times in decade 1580-1900 fore the Grand Army neampment of 1892 Washingtonians were working for such a memorial, wnid in the Board of Trade report for 1891 is a paragraph that “our atten tion must now be turned to a bridge Potomac at the end of New | nue’ the Capital | sre firmly unite | ion more | tirst sid e civil wa ngton and * north with the south.” At a citizens’ meeting. October 24, | 1895, it was decided (o celebrate ap- | propriately the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the National Cap- ital. On November 14 a Washington | cmmittee called on President nm;m-l ley to hand him @ memorial explai ing the objects of the proposed ob- | servance. In that memorial w | this: So important an event could well be marked by the erection of a type | of architecture which will in itself | Inspire patriotism and a broader love | of country, such as u memorial hall, | a bridge ‘connecting the District of | Columbia with the sacred ground of | Arlington or some other permanent structure which would commemorate | not only the occasion, but also the exceptionally happy condition of our | reople at this time, when to so| marked a degree there is noticed the bsence of all sectional feeling and the prevalence of good will through- out the land. resident McKinley told the com- mittee he was in full sympathy with its aims and in his message. Decem- ber 5, 1898, commended the proposal. Congress passed a bill. approved February 23, 1899, and which had been drafted by the Board of Trade, authorizing the President to appoint a committee from the country at large to act with committees appointed from citizens of the District and that might be appointed by the House and Senate. President McKinley. in his message to Congress December 1399, an- nounced his appointment of the com- nmittee of governors and reviewed an ict passed at the preceding session appropriating $5,000 “to enable the hief of engineers of the Army to continue the examination of the sub- ject and to secure designs and es mates for a memorial bridg He told that four eminent bridge en- gineers had been selected to submit competitive designs “for a bridge com- bining the elements of strength and durability and such architectural em- pellishment and ornamentaticn as will fitly apply to the dedication ‘A Me- morial to American Patriotism.’ President McKinley informed Con. | aress that “the designs are now being prepared and as soon as completed will be submitted to Congress by the Secretary of War,” and further on in 4is message said: “The proposed bridge would be a convenience to all the people from very part of the country who visit the national cemetery, an ornament ‘o the Capital of the nation and for- aver stand as & monument to Ameri- can patriotism. T do not doubt that Congress will give to the enterprise still further proof of its favor and approval.” The District centennial was a national affair and the thought | of the people of the District was that it should be marked by a national me- morial and the form of memorial most desired and urged by the District was a memorial bridge. Now, after these fany years, this great project, of such significance as a patriotic monu- nent and of such high value as a pub- c utility, is about to become a reality. Congress should, and doubtless will, et promptly to provide the means for its execution. celebration | In Germany the word for real money continues to be “geld” and not Schools and Politics in New York. New York, always in the throes of sensation, has a new one in the ousting of the superintendent of pub- Tie schools, who has just been denied re-election at the insistence of Mayor Hylan. Six years ago Mr. Ettinger was chosen to be the school head by the vote of a divided board of educa- tion, It was then clearly understood that the mayor wanted him nemed. One member of the board against him because he. did noklgp- prove of the dictation of the city's executive in this matter. The other day, when r a he | game over on the big island is play | For another term, the situation was pre- cisely reversed, and only one vote was cast for Mr. Ettinger, and that was given by the man who formerly voted against him. He" explained that he was against having the mayor dic- tate the removal, in effect, of the superintendent. Six years'ago the newly elected su- perintendent was expected to ‘‘co- operate” with the mayor in the mat- ter of appointments and assignments and building items. His mind was to “run along with” that of “his honor” at the city hall. But in a short time it was found that there was a di- vergence of minds. The schools were run in eccordance with the superin- tendent’s concepts and without regard for the dictates of political leaders. Influence played little part in the ad- ministration. New York was given a sound school management. Then the friendliness between school head- quarters and city hall cooled, turned into antagonisr The mayor bided his time and when the hour for a new election issued his orders. it is now stated. to the board of education and all but me member obeyed. There were ru- mors that the governor did not ap- prove the ouster. but a couple of days before the hoard's acfion the mavor and the governor had a private talk and then came the ouster. Now the one member of the board who six vears ago refused to follow the lead of the mayor and has just repeated his performance is receiving the warm commendations of the non-partisan public of New York. The political arrived d with skill, as a rule, but oc; the methods are crude. ——— The Sleuth Outsleuthed. While suspicion promptly leaps to the conclusion that Gaston Means' diaries were secured, by the subterfuge f a false order and faked official bad; by those who are concerned to prevent further disclosures of un- pleasant facts. or surmises. regarding departmental activities, the case is not closed thereby. Remains the probability of enterprise by creator of that line of literature known as “detective fiction.” A wealth of material for such & producer of popu- ading lay in those black-bound of notes. Think of it, a sieuth’s record of ail his doings for a long period of years: a day-by-day ac count of his goings and comings. hi interviews as go-between, his artistic “approaches.” his shadowings. An free from any question as to accurac of course, such a diary must ne sarily be truthful. No conscientious sleuth could possibly set down in the privacy of his conscience books any thing save the facts. He could not con- ceivably let his imagination run free. tle could not imaginably invent. The mystery-story writer, knows his business, seeks his plots in life events, builds them up with bits from here and there, follows certain formulas of climax and disclosure and fonally an | springs his denouement with dramatic suddenness. But he must have facts. If he can get a veteran detective to re- late his experiences he is in clover. Think, then, of one of these artists with the pen getting hold of a veritable library of fiction-making material such as the diaries of Means! The very method whereby, | lated, these booklets have been secured smacks of the fictionist. A forged let- ter, faked badges—why. it is a plot in itself. And, of course, while imagination is free to deal with the possibilities, there remains the chance —of course, only a chance, and not to be stressed as a probability—that the diaries were merely moved to another place of safety, with the forged letter and the faked badges employed as camouflage. For these are strenuous times, and strenuous methods are needful oceasionally for protection and security. In themselves, as evidence in court the black-bound books are of no par- ticular value. They are mere memo- randa, without veritication. memory-refreshers’ for a whose testimony must stand upon its merits regardless of the diary entri But as material for fiction, especially of the “thriller” type, they are invalu- able. 1f the producer of such a line of work has by a superstroke of craft secured this treasure he is to be con- gratulated, however irregular his en- terprise. e Chicago tenants have combined to secure reduction in rentals, The hous- ing problem is so generally distributed that it cannot be solved by moving from one town to another. —————— Alienists who pronounced Harry Thaw sane are now heping he will show respectful consideration for their opinion. Extending Arlington. The War Department and the Fine Arts Commission are planaing to take back into the Arlington reservation those lands between the old post road | along the east front of the cemetery and the river for the purpose of ex- tending the cemetery as such exten- sion becomes necessary, and planting and laying off the land on the general Arlington plan. A large tract of the Alexander-Custis lands east of the old road from the Georgetown ferry to Alexandria and Dumfries was loaned by the. War Department to the De- partment of Agriculture to be used as an experiment farm, and those who re- member this tract as it was a few years ago understand that the Depart- ment of Agriculture undertook a real experiment. Many acres of top soil had been cut off and the underlying brick clay removed. From most of the land the top soil had been washed or ‘worn away, exposing clay and gravel. It was most unpromising land for even an experiment farm, but the Depart- ment of Agriculture made the desert bloom. It planted even a rose garden there. It ‘set out orchards of many fruits, and the trees bloomed and bore. It grew corn and wheat that rivaled or excelled the best products of the corn states and the wheat belt. Of course, this work was done at considerable cost and exiended over a period of years. 3 1f the VWar Department recalls from the Department of Agriculture the loan of this iand it will be developed who | they They are | witness, | THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., of impressive beauty, and will mark another step in the improvement of government reserves near Washington and outside the District. That this old tract, which lies around Custis Spring, celebrated as a picnic ground of Wash- ingtonians fifty and seventy-five years ago, will become & garden of graves is likely, but one hopes that long vears will pass before Arlington needs so much more space for the patriotic dead. —r———— The Temporary Chairman. Republican national committeemen in charge of the arrangements for the national conVention are represented as being in a quandary over the selection of the temporary chairman of the con- vention. This is an important position in the machinery of the great meeting, and always is the subject of serious consideration before a choice is made. The temporary chairman sounds the keynote of the party's policy. He is also expected to enthuse the conven- tion with enthusiasm and get it off to a running start “‘on the right foot.” In {the present circumstances he must | have the qualifications of & good pres. | ence. gifted flow of language, a knowl- edge of party conditions and of legisla- tive policies. Some members of the committee on arrangements are said to hold that it is peculiarly cssential that geographi cal considerations be given due weight in picking the “keynoter” this time: that the west feels that it should be recognized, in view of preponderating | influence alleged to be exerted by New angland in the administration and in the leadership and management of the party. This may be a supersensitive point to raise, however, and may not be a determining factor. All the names thus | far reported as under consideration are | of men of high standing in the party, | possessing all other qualifications, and | other committeemen hold that geo- graphical corsiderations should not be the determining factor. s . contemplating reciprocity ar- nents the District of Columbia motorist has some cause for congratu- lation in connection with the amount sable time that will be saved by the need of only one negotiation for In ran; licens cience proposes to harness the heat. The general pubtic will not t that it can be done, and will be mainly interested in the processes em- ployed to hook it up to the cash register e Both Borah and Dawes tioned as possibilities for second place on the Republican ticket. The vice presidency’s traditions of quietude are in a way to be permanently shattered. are men- S eRss T L | 1f the winner of the Bok prize is a prudent business man he will be wiil- ing to offer a discount for cash on the second payment contingent on adoption of his plan. | e | The foundation by Mr. Vanderlip of 1 citizens' federal research bureau | may contemplate the establishment of investigation as one of the great Amer- ican institutions. R Reports that several Japanese states men threaten. to commit hara-kiri in- the | Answers to Questions BY FREDERIU J. HANKIN Q. How long will the Japaness cherry troes In Potomao Park 1ive?— J.H. A. Thoe office of public bulldings and grounds wayw that the expecti- ton of life for thowe treew In about fifty years. Q. Whit Is meant by “par’ In spoaking of the value of forelgn moneyg?—lI. (i, A UPar fn the extablished value of the monetary unit or of currency of one country expressed In the monetary unit or currency of another using the san tal an the standard of value. Q. What clalms to greatness have the Carlsbad Cavorng, pro Al monument last yoar by Pres- ident Coolidige? W, O, Carlsbad Cave in cting caverns abo from Carlsbad, N, M largest known cavi conigin innume a merlen of t thirty miles They form the in existence and blo stalactites and stal€gmites. One of the notable fea tures ix (he Twin Domes, 100 fect high and 200 feet has Q. Could you explain why the abbreviation for pound? A. Lb. is a contraction of the Latin word “libra.” meaning “pound.” Q. Is ther. to increas ployes?F. G, 1. A. The commit a bill before Congress the salaries of postal em- o on post offices and post roads says that there are forty bills in introduced with the {dea of providing an increase in salary to postal employes: twent ht of these b are in the Senate, Where was the most important al battle of the world war fought? e The battle of Jutland is gener- recognized as the greatest naval battle in history, though not the | most decisive. It ‘was fought on the North Sea, fifty miles west of Jutland ¥ 31, 1816, between the m. of the British and German navies. Q. Who said, “Educate th | and the men will be educated”?—L. W. | saying is attributed to . who was responsible for in 1836 of Mount Holyoke Female Seminary. From her work at ilyoke sprang modern higher edu- ation for women in America. women Q. Why is a man supposed to re- move his’ hat In the presence of a of this custom has blished. Some author- ities attribute it to a medieval custom which required that a knight lift his visor in the presence of a lady. | been Q1 remember reading Woire read vanced on | poem?—L. T A Gen. Wolte | during his advan that Gen familiar poem as he ad- Quebee. What was this Q. What country claims the finest opera house®—T. V. R A. The finest opei world is located at miles up the Amazon River. The structure. built of stons and the fin- st marble, cost $2.000,000. house Mana 1,000 in_ the Q. What is the origin of the name “eatsup’?—1 M. A. Catsup is a_we the name of an East Indian pickle. The term was first applied to boiled spiced juice from salted mush- rooms, but is now freely used for various sauces which consist of the pulp—boiled, strained and seasoned -of tomatoés, green walnuts, etc. rd derived from | Q. Can you tell me the name of the French epigrammist whose witti- cisms rank with those of ‘La Roche- foucauld?—A. W. A A. You doubtless have Sebastian Roch Nicholas ose aphorisms are said to be “the enest. the most incisiv and the most pregnantly cynical in modern literature.” erence to spire no serious fear that Japan will | adopt their suggestion as a national policy | e eme—— The soldier bonus finally managed | to get undisputed right of way in Con- gress over tax reduction. | | ———— | At mention of war possibilities the | value of the Japanese yen drops. Mars s a rough old financier. SR s - SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON | The Laugh Mart. | “Oh, for a laugh!” sighs the weary i man. “Whatever the cause may be! { I long to join in a merry plan— | But you must not laugh at me “Oh, for a laugh! I will gladly pay l A prompt and liberal fee. | T yearn for a genuine jest so gay— i But you must not laugh at me. | “om, for a laugh grave. | _Yet scantier grows its glee, | For each of us says, “It is mirth I crave— But you must not laugh at me." cries the world so Oh, for a laugh! But at whose ex- pense? And there is the rub, you see. “Make sport of the others,” pretence, “But you must not laugh.at me.” Basy Days. “I suppose it keeps you busy fram- ing laws?" said the old friend from | home. “Yes," answered Senator Sorghum. “Not only do we have to frame the laws, but we have to look out for peo- ple who try to frame the lawmakers.” Jud Tunkins says politeness has its | expenses. e figures that kind and | gentle word *“reciprocity” is costing him 2 cents a gallon. Unsolved. ‘The scientific mind contrives Inventions to make glad our lives. Yet each the ancient problem brings: “How shall we pay for all these things?” Research. “Have you not said there are germs in a kiss?” 2 “I have,” answered the solemn scien- tist. “The perils are grave, but the re- search is fascinating.” “A Litersry Leader. ‘How's your boy Josh doing?” “Fine,” answered Farmer Corntos- sel. “The feller that prints the Punk- intown Palladium took e week off an’ left Josh in charge. Josh wrote jes' the way he thought, sayin' ‘ain’t, ‘hain’t’ an’ ‘gosh durn’ an’ now all the great metrgpolitan journals is imitatin’ him in their comic section dialogue!” “I regards a set o’ ci said rnn | Q@ what {v. s w | A, The term “agricultural lime" | was originally applied to burned or {lump lime from which unburned | tumps and overburned lumps had not [ been remove Such lime is also in lime. Lately there is agricultural lime?— called run-of-k s been such a tendency toward ap- plying the term “agricultural lime” to any form of lime used for agricul- tural purposes that the term has no special significance Q. Does the hickory horned devil | turn into a butterfly, and if o what | kind of a butterfly?-R. L. C. | A, This worm turns. not into a but- terfly, but into the royal moth ! Q pia entitled A 1t s | wrote such a play ing of the (lobe while the piece destroved parts of rated in Q. Is any part of the ocean fresh water?—. | A The hydrographic that there different oc fresh water may be the best known of these places is be- yond the coast of Miami, Flu. The cause of this fresh water in the midst of the salt ocean is a spring formed by a subterranean river. Q. How can I get rid of tiny red ants in the kitchen? A peculiar thing about them is that they don't seem to get into anything but greasy foods like bacon, lard, ete.—K. F. A. Ants that infest houses are fre- quently divided into two classes— those that like sweets and those that like grease, the latter being the kind that is annoying you at present. The grease-eating species may be controlled by working a small amount of tartar emetic into bacon rind, or by using one part tartar emetic to twenty parts of grease. Tartar emetic is a violent poison, 8o extreme care should be exercised in its use. Q. Who was the original maker of Washington pie?—F. C. A. While it seems impossible to trace Washington pie to its original maker, it is interesting to note that | recipes for it may be found in old English cook books. peare write True"?>—T. L that a play Shakespeare heater cas in being played, ipt. Probably were Incorpe- “Henry VIIL" office savs re several places in the ans of the world where found. One of Q. How long does it take to get a copyright?—F. T. K. A. The copyright office says that it {akes about two days to put through a copyright in this country. (The person who loses out is the one who guesses. The person who gets on is always the one who acts upon re- liable information. This paper employs Frederic J. Haskin to conduct an in- formation burcau for the public. There is no charge, except 2 cents in stamps for return postage. Write to him today Jor any facts you desire. Your inquiry should be addressed to The Star In- formation. Bureau, Prederic J. Haskin, Girector, 1220 North Capitol street.) Correction of Number In Classified Service To the Editor of The Stai In Thursday's Star, under “Answers to Questions,” by Frederic J. Haskin, the following statement is made: “Under classified service there are 548,531 persons on the federal pay rol This_statement is not correct. On December 31, 1923, the date of the latest compilation, 544,671 perso: were employed in the federal execu- tive flb:xll service, gletdl.udln!'-h, b:t.h and unclassified position: “.THe number- of’ persons .emplo; in positions classified under the ervio the | Chamfort, | RIDAY, A IN TODAY’S BY PAUL V. COLLINS Probably next week will decide whether Congress will submit to the states a constitutional amendment wuthorizing federal control of child labor throughout the United States. The proposed amendment has been before the committes on the judiciary of the House, and has been reported out with a majority recommending its submimsion, and a minority urging that no federal limitations be put upon the states in permitting children to labor in mines and factories, but that state rights be respected. The strongest demand for state rights in tho matter of exploiting children, cumes from the Keystone state of re- publieanism, while such states as lwouisiana and South Carolina and other couthern states, through their labor commissioners, testify to_ the bonefits in enforcing their state laws which ~they experienced while the federnl laws on the subject were in force, prior to being declared uncon- #titutional by the United States Su- preme Court. The subject of child libor, therefore, appears not to be a party question, but, like Hancock's definition of the tariff, is a “local issuc” at least, a state rights issue. x ¥ * ¥ Tho constitutional amendment pro- vides: Section pow 1. Congress shall have er to limit, regulate and prohibit the labor of persons under eighteen vears of age Sec. The power of the s eral states s unimpaired by this article, excent that tha operation of state laws shall be suspended to the oXtent necessary to give effect to legrislation enacted by Congress.” * % % % The minority report opposing the adoption of the amendment is written by Representative George Graham publican) of Pennsylvania and in- dorsed (without concurring in all the details) by Representative Montague (Demccrat) of Virginia, Dominick {Democrat) of South Carolina and \‘\ eller (Democrat) of New York. Mr. Graham fs chairman of the committee, but the majority report, supported by | all but four of its twenty-one mem- | bers, was written by Rep: entative | Foster (Repubiican) of Ohio. x % % ¥ ‘The opposition report argues that there should not be any more amend- | | ments to the Constitution centraliz- ing power in the federal government; “the nation formed under the Con- | stitution of 1789 was not a nation m’ the general smense of that word. It | was a nation with limited powers."” | | “Left ununited thesc thirteen several | states would soon ha become a | {prey to interstate jealousies, | ries and selfishness or a prey to for- | | elgn enmemles” “Many sound thin | ers have contended that the cla: permitting amendments to the ¢ stitution was only intended to cover| | changes by addition or improvement | With respect to the delegated powers | | and was not intended to take from any of the states against their | will the powers sovereign in their | character which have been expressly | reserved.” | . _The opposition contends that there is no crying necessity for federal action, since with state control only a million children between ten and | fifteen years are now emploved In | mines. factories and farms. There are in the United States 12,502,352 cldldren—not counting those under ten years of age. for there are ro e-nsus figures on the employment of children under ten Why should the federal government be given by a titutional amendment the power to regulate the minimum restrictions | on the emplovment of only a million children? ~The other 11,000,000 are not vet employed. What are a mi lion “children in this great republi As Repregentative Graham exclaims “Taken all together, is it not a mon- strous thing to claim that these in their totality make an overwheiming necessity for changing the funda mental law?' He is_supported by Felix Rackemann of Boston, Mass., who testified that it was not correct to say “that economic conditions call for the enactment of a federal amendment. In other words, that the a rival- | Hughes Speech | Real Republican Keynote The address of Secretary Hughes at | the Republican state convention in | New York is accept | press as the real ke: the Republican campaign. The ma- jority of editors consider it, in the main, a skillful presentation of his | party's position and services. Demo- | cratic writers, however, feel it is| | merely a tremendous dose of opti- | mism administered to “pep up"” the Republicans in general. “Keynote speeches usually are | filmsy affairs, but that dellvered by | Secretary Hughes has character.” in | the opinion of the Buffalo News (Re- | publican), which goes on to say, “It was free from subterfuge and eva- sion,” for “Mr. Hughes was utterly frank in his discussion of recent events at Washington.” Character- izing it as an address of “assurance,” the Albany News (independent Re- publican) declares “Secretary Hughes has sounded a keynote not particular- ly of party, but of Americanism.” | The Baltimore Sun (independent | Democratic) feels “it can hardly fail to carry conviction wherever it is heard or read.” because “it claimed what fair-minded men will recognize as just; it sought to hide nothing that ought to be revealed. £ % % % The “straightforward address,” the Spokane Spokesman-Review (inde- pendent Republican) thinks, “drove home the benefits the nation has en- joyed under a Republican adminis- tration.” The Rochester Times-Union (Independent) and the Manchester Union (independent Republican) call attention to many achievements of the Harding-Coolidge administra- tion as set forth by Mr. Hughes, and they agree the strength of the party this year is in its having a first-rate candidate in addition to its record of achievement. The Detroit News (in- dependent) commends Secretary Hughes for speaking wisely when he pointed out that although not a mem- ber of the league of nations, t United States is co-operating with that body quite extensively. The News claims that “any one who can quarrel with such ‘recognition’ of the league of nations must be captious indeed.” The St. Paul Pioneer Press (inde- -pendent) suggests “he has challenged the critics on the Demoeratic side to show in what way the record would have been improved through mem- bership in the league of nations.” Al- though he has made clear just what by the nation's | note speech of | | fourteen-year | the states PRIL 25, 1924 SPOTLIGHT child-labor regulations in one state give an industrial advantage over other states which have less complete and perfeot regulatory statutes” As quoted by Representative Graham, Mr. Rackemann testified in the hear- ings as follows: “This is theoretically true, as I happen to know, being president of a New England ‘cotton mill, that if all child labor, so called, were per- manently abolished in other states the fact of such step would hardly be appreciable to the New England mills, It is found that many of the New England cotton manufdcturers who have mills in New England also own still more extensive interests in the cotton belt. Mr. Rackemann may not be of that number, but it does not so specify in the records. The opposition to fed- eral limitation on child labor does not quote any mothers nor any leaders of union lahor, nor any woman's welfare organizations. The recommendation is urged, however, that since fhe Depart- ment of Labor has a children’s welfare bureau, which reports that eighteen states have risen to a high degree of regulation, the bureau might go on with its excellent work of influencing the other thirty states fo rise to the same standard—a standard which seems su- pererogation to the opposition. “The fact that a large number of woman's organizations are the proponents of this measure is not a sufficient argument,” says Representative Graham. * * %X ¥ The first effort to secure child labor federal regulation came in 1906 when Senator Beveridge introduced a bill “‘to prevent the employment of children in factories and mines, and Senator Lodge proposed to prohibit the employment of children in the manufacture of ar- ticles intended for interstate commerce Both laws were found unconstituticnal by the Supreme Court. In 1319 Con- gress undertook to put a tax of 10 per cent on the net profits of ostablish- ments which employed children, and this law was in operation from April 2 1819, to May 1922, when it, too, lared unconstitutional. These laws, which were declared unconstitutional, did not prohibit or regulate the cmployment of children, but simply _established minimum standards and imposed 2 tax on child labor. The fact that all congressional | ction has been ruled as unco itu- tional to the only step now | open, *h is to ask that not less than -quarters of the states so| broaden the Constitution as to give Congress the power now prohibited by its limitations Some of the states| which are the strongest adherents of | state rights already have legisla- tion even of a higher standard than Congress would enact if given the | power. But other states have no | such protection for their children, and, arguments to the contrary not withstanding, it is urged that no industry in any state can meet com- petition_unless put upon the same basis of cost of production as its| competitors. The products of all factories enter into interstate com- merce and know no state lines in trade. In thirty-five states children are permit to go to work without any schooling. 1Is it any wonder that our percentage of illiteracy is 23 per cent, and ranks almost the worst amongst civilized nations? * x ¥ The head of the ch Miss Abbott, testified: “A number of the nations of Eu- rope have ratified the child labor conventions, which established a minimum age stand- ard. The United States has elected not to go into these agreements. . * Is our Union so loose that tter of what happens to th dren of one rt of the co Ty is not of concern to the rest of the | country”? 1 think we are concerned with children everywhere. We have | poured out millions for children in other countries the world around, and it is time that we considered the wel- fare of our children at home. * ¢ | 1 am sorry to say that in many of | they do not have better opportunities than in any other coun- try. Our death rate amongst babies | dren's bureau, the ma is about twice what it i3 in New Zealand. There are four countries, that have a lower death rate among babies than we have. There are eigh- teen countries that have a lower ma ternal mortality rate than we have.” (Copyright, 1924, by Paul V. Collins.) Read as put personal or party fortunes before the good of humanity.” The Albany Knickerbocker Press (independent Republican) maintains “the Secretary | of State has performed a service not only f his party but for the nation and the world at large in his analy- sis of the real meaning of the four years that has passed”; furthermo: his address “should be put to worl because “as a guide and outline it can be of great value to the nation and to the Republican party The Oakland Tribune (independent Republican) interprets the speech as “a ringing and forthright answer to | those who profess to see in any cri cism of the methods of Senate investi- gating committees a desire to pass over the seriousness of charges which have been made.” * % As the San Francisco Bulletin (in- dependent) sees it, his speech “was effective by reason of its good sense, convincing arguments as to the achievements of the Republican party and eloquent tribute to the character and capacity of the President.”” When Mr. Hugh ¥s the platform of his party is ‘just Coolidge,” the Grand | Rapids Press (independent) consid- ers “he offérs in reality a platform of scund statesmanship coupled with a profound sense of duty.” The Minne- apolis Tribune (republican) and Far- go Forum (Republican), also feel the President is a first-rate Republican platform in himself. In regard to “character” and “declarations,” the Indianapolis News (independent) ad- mits “the President merits what Mr. Hughes said of him, and also the good opinion of the country.” Secretary Hughes uttered “an im- portant truth,” continues the Seattie Times _ (independent Ropublican), “when he said that it was upon the character of Calvin Coolidge that the trust of the American people has been built,” and “from coast to coast there is a steadily increasing faith in the President.” The Duluth Herald (in- dependent) agrees “character in pub- lic life is more needed, and more sel- dom found, than at any previous period in_the country’s history,” but, “having found it in Mr. Coolidge, the country will be likely to keep it. * k% * The Newark News (independent) is disappointed in Secretary Hughes' speech, because “it lacks the spirit of prophecy, that touch of moral enthu- siasm which gives justice and prae- ticality an equal assurance of per- manency that comes from an ‘ag- gressive conviction”; moreover, “Mr. Hughes would have carried convic. tion with his picture had he pictured the President as a leader inspired by he has been doing and intends to do in co-operating with the league, the Brooklyn Eagle (independent Demo- cratic) holds “what this amounts to is simply that Mr. Hughes has found a way to outwit the irreconcilables in Congress and work with tl league without reviving oontroversy. In this connection the Milwaukee (independent), : me I Grenae mp some moral purpose big enough to unite this puzzled nation to a com- mon purpose and - strongly held enough to inspire and cure the party of which he in the leader.” 1f Mr. Coolidge is the great Execu- tive Secretary Hughes paints him, the Lincoln Star (independent) holds, “the American people have certainly recelved a distressing impression of him.” The Star adds further, ‘“The are groping in tl - B R 1o are THE NATION’S HEALTH BY ELIOT WADSWORTH, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury In Two Parts—Part I1. In 1801 Congress established in Washington the hygienic laboratory, where are made scientific researches and investigations of the diseases of man with a view to preventive meas- ures. It is today recognized as one of the foremost institutions of its kind in the world. Investigations in child hygiene, industrial hygiene, stream pollution, malaria, pellagra, typhoid, yellow fever, leprosy, food poisoning and nutritional diseases are carried on continuously. Germs, everywhere feared and avoided, here meet with a cordial reception. Special food is provided for them, and they are of- fered tender care by sclentists fn their attempts to develop antitoxii or to add to the sum of knowledge in the treatment of disease. Medical discoveries are rarely made by accident. ‘The scientist sets out on a definite quest. Whether his search be for a cure for cancer or a new remedy for a minor ailmeént, he establishes a goal to attain which he brimgs into play every resgurce a‘ hand—and many that are not at hand. First, he finds out what other investigators of his subjdct have done. He studies scientific literature, reports, professional papers, trans- actions’ of scientific meetings. “," visits institutions where gimilar work is in progress. Then, having assem- bled his data, he Steps from the known to the unknown. Every new phenomenon, unknown chemical re. action or unfamiliar process of cel- lular life receives his closest atten- tion. He takes nothing for granted Frequently thousands of test-tube cultures and microscopical examina- tions are necessary to clear up a single step in his work. By dogged persistence and stubborn determina- tion is success attained. Investigators Face Perils. Scientific investigations not infre- quently are attended by danger to the investigators—but the work goes on. Illustrative of thiz is the search made last year which resulted in the discovery of tularemia—one of | the few diseases of man discovered in the last quarter of a century. Res dents of the western mountain states for vears have been :ts victims. The lisease acts much like typhoid blood poisoning, causirg an illness which may last from six weeks to four months, but which seldom re- suits in death, For want of a better it was known “Pahant val- deerfly fever” ar “rabbit expert from the public vice was sent to 17tah to this disease, and slmost im- mediately contracted it. He was suc- ceeded by another physician, who dis- covered that the disease was trans- mitted from the jackrabbit to human beings by a blood-sucking fly, the “Chrysops discalis.” The doctor re- turned to Washington, Lringing with him a number of specimens. Con- nuing his investigations, ha became and for several months was a »spital patient. Four other experis. delegated to continue tha ments, ended in the hospital Dis- covery in a Washington market of a salesman who recently had recovered from the disease firnished evidence that tularemia is widely distributed The sarvice is now engagad in finding an an*iserum that wiil be safe anl potent An extremely important function of the laboratory is the standardiza- tion and supervision f biologic prod- ucts. Al vaccines, serums, anti toxins and analagous products must meet a test of potency and purity set hy the government or they cannot be sold in interstate commerce. Manu- facturers of such products are re- quired to obtain a federal license. amples are sent to the Lygienic laboratory, where they are analyzed and tried on laboratory animals. If the samples do not meet the rigid requirements of the laboratory, the entire lot is destroyed. The serv has _standardized products for against diphtheria. lockjaw, dy tery, meningitis, pneumonia’ and phoid Better Health in Fature. The amazing developments of the past century in medicine and sanita- tion have continually pointed out new ¥s by which the heaith of the na- tion mav be protected and improved. Especially notable is the made in the last few vears. hygienic laboratory ‘is now w3 The estab- lishing a standard for insulin, a prod- | an | uct made from the pancreas of animal, which is used in the freat- ment of diabetes with wonderful suc- cess. thods of preventing by immunization are of far importance. Few diseases such high mortality records as diphtheria. Since the discovery that not only can diphtheria be treated successfully, but that it can be prevented, the death rate from this disease has been great- 1y Jowered. Somewhere in the United States are between 500 and 1500 lepers—many of them at large. In Hawaii and the Philippines the disease is muth more prevalent. The government, in con- tinuing its study of this disease. caring for its victims and protecting the public against contact with the sufferers. In 1921 there was estab lished in Louisiana, under the direc tion of the public health service, a national home for lepers. On appli- cation from a proper state authority, the service may accept as a patient a leper found in any state, except an alien subject to deportation from the country. It has been found that lepro v is in a measure amenable (o ‘- t Several years ago & way chaulmoogra was found ment doctors and tried the Hawaiian_leper colony. Since that time nearly one-third of the patients at the Hawalian stations have been released as being no longer @ menace to public health, and only one-eighth of the paroled cases have relapsed. However, it is too early to draw con- clusions with regard to how success- ful this treatment will be. . The servica recently begun an in- tengive study of drug addictions. TIts investigations to date indicate that sensational statements as to the prevalence of addiction and the amount of narcotic drugs consumed in this country have been based on erroneous calculations. The problem, however, is sufficiently serious to warrant the service in determined and continued efforts toward its solution. Information Is Brondcast. medical discoveries would avail little could not the knowledge be disseminated and ap- plied. Through bulletins published by the service, state and local health authorities, the scientific public and persons interested in public health are kept advised weekly of its find- ings. The public is advised of what to do in case of accidents, the impor- tance of good teeth and how to avold digeases. N Medical advice is sent from marine hospitals to ships hundreds of miles at sea. By interchange of radio mes- sages, diagnoses are made and ad- vice given and received on ailments ranging from hiccoughs to heart dis- ease. Frequently, the radio is used to notify the nearest marine hospital to prepare for an operation, or the treatment of emergency cases. diphtheria ching n- Important COURAGE “I am the master of my fate, I am the captain of my soul.” —HENLEY. Born in New Haven, Conn. the home of' Yale College, James A. Far rell planned for years to have a com plete education, but had to give ujp his dreams and don overalls. His father was a ship owner and captain and the boy's hours in schoo! and jon the vessels were happy ones. The elder Farrell was lost at seu and the lad, then fifteen, had to leave Brammar school, abandon hope of attending college and work as com mon laborer in the New Haven wire mill. He labored tw hours day and studied night When eighteen he beeame at a me | chanfe. two vears afterward went to the Oliver Iron and Steel Company's nt at Pittsburgh as expert wire drawer ard when tw y-one was foreman over 300 men in the mill But he wanted to be a salesmar he studied nights to prepare an. or | experi- | progress | when twenty-three he was on t road for the company. Three year: later he w lling wire for th Pittsburgh Wire Company of Brad dock, Pa., and at thirty was its g eral manager. His appointment came in 1892 an the panic soon hit hard. He could not sell steel in this country, so went abroad and booked ord For three years he worked day and night to build the busin hen Jol W. Gates and associates merged it into the American Steel and Wire Compa and made Farrell foreign sales agent of the organization. The company became w subsid of the United States Steel tion and Farrell made a record president of the United States Si Products Company, foreizn representative of all United Steel products. When forty-seven president of the Corporation an, effacing and so a2 ar: Corpors- State. he was elected United States Stee he had Leen so self- busy studving that he was practically unknown cutsid teel trade. But when the Unites U Eovernment brought sui against the corporation he was founl to Kknow every fact about steel, its fields and possibilities He still is president of the company, is rich and is respecte the father of this country’s business. ° steel d export (Copyright, 1921.) |McClatchy Correctly Reported, Says Wile To the Editor of The Star | Mr. V. 8. McClatehy of Sacramentc }arch-proponent of Japanese exc |states that I have been “misinformed | In publishing that at a recent meet ing in New York city he made state ments indicating that Californian are about to crusade for a constitu { tional amendment which will deba | American-born Japanese of the birth- | right of United States citizenship. 1 would naturally not have attrib {uted to anybody statements of syeh a character on an issue so a Japanese exclusion withou what | seemed to me adequate authority My article in The Star of April 2 | was ba ation supplier by a newspaper ague who ha | both access to the 1 ngs in | Question nd permission to report | themn. The atements made by thi [co”ezgun are as follows: | “Mr. McClatchy made it clear tha ;lhe success of the exclusionists making Japanese exclusion a speci part of the bill by shutting out ‘aliens ineligible to citizenship' emboldened |them’ to continue their campaign fo ill further bans aga Japanese € tlement and citi: ship. Among these he mentioned th mand for constitutional amendment. which bad already started in California, 1 the terms of which the ¢ dren of aliea: | ineligible to citizenship. who were |born"in the United States, should not |be able to become citizens at the ag |of twenty-one. | "It will be a long tas 3 said, “but these J re hardly less J. nd tainly no more a ilabie n their fathers and mothers were ore them. And to deny one citi- enship and grant it automatically to another is o sheer anomaly. To remove that anomaly will be Cali fornia's next objective.” 1 telegraphed my New York col league as soon as I observed Mr McClatch:; letter in The Star. He replies MeClatel s statemen: | was correctly reported FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE Irrigation Is Urged. nsion kM Me cit s | To the Editor of The Star: Perhaps to the average person that lives in the eastern part of the United States the question of irrigation would not interest them much. Did You ever take a trip through th states of Montana, Wyoming, braska, Arizona, New Mexico, Colc rado and California? If you did and you were really observing you will readily admit that here is a field for £reat expansion in irriga | and never s can take a horse and | automobile if you are lucky enougl | to have one and e for hours at a | time and never be able to find even a water hole unless it be some water |left in a coulee after the spring rai lor winter snow | our population needs to spread out | more. New York has too many people | all cooped up in 2x4 apartments that live in almost indescribable houses apartments, and under condition. that are not healthy, sanitary, or con ditions that produce the best of | Americans. Now the thing to do I | that every man and woman that is | interested in this country in a big way get busy and talk and boost for the improvement of the western part of the United States. It is a wonder ful country. The Boulder Dam in the Colorado will open up territory that will supply hundreds of thou- sands of people with new life, hope and prosperity and at the same time will ‘keep back the menacing flood waters of the mighty Colorado River This is a wonderful project and should be finished as proposed, and at the same time there are other sec- tions of the United States that if the proper interest were taken would be the making of new cities and towns. Railroads will be put through and crops can be raised if they have the proper irrigation. Here is in deod & chance for some of the people who want to do some really {mpor- ct in their lives. = LEO T. FARRELL e e en. to help finance the project Ware taxed 0 cents a month. The tax was collected by the Treasury De- partment, and for that reason the hew bureau, later to become the pub lic health service, was assigned to the Treasury Department, where it has since remained. o Insuring military efficiency and dis- cipline, Congress by act approved January 4, 1899, authorized the or- ganization of the Marine Hospita Corps, and provided that its officer. be commissioned in grades le!ar to the medical department of the United States Ar The service now has on Its regular rolls approximately 5,000 persons, in- The history of the public heaith | cluding its medical and scientific per- service dates back more than a cen- | sonnel, a nursing corps of 372 mem- tury. Established in 1798 as the ma- | bers and 698 commissioned medical rine hospital service, few branches of | and dental officers who are assigned the government have been called|to the United States Veterans' Bu- upon to extend their field of action in | reau for the care of ex-service me: so many directions. Its principal | and paid from funds allotted by that, function at the time of its establish- | bureau. This militant force is en- ment was to provide medical and|gaged in a never-ending conflict, the surgical rellef for merchant seamen. | purpose of which is to preserve, not The first marine hospital was erected | to decimate; to add to the span ot in Norfelk, Va., in 1800. Today,|human life, not to destroy it Tiwefy ‘marine hospitals, with an |viewing the achievements of the pubiz f 3,4 Amdnm%.pmleolnm'o: o hiel u