Evening Star Newspaper, March 5, 1924, Page 6

THE-EVENING STAR With Sundsy Meening Edition. NGTON, D. C. . .March 5, lm WASHI WEDNESDAY. ‘THEGDORE W. NOYES. ... Editor AR ER ST ST e Evening Star Newspaper Company Business ofc 5t ams Pessrivaia‘Are. Ne("hl“““ (?l! oe: %IO Ili.lm M“ Chicago Office: Tower % European Office: ll“fl“.lfl‘:&w e Evening. Star, with the Sunday moraing editlon. 1a délivered by carri tithin the Gty ‘ai. 60 cents per month; dslly ouly, 45 cents per month: Sundey only, 20 ceols El month.. .Orders may. be sent by mail or tele- phone Main 5000, Collection is made by car- riers at the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance, Maryland-and Virginia. Dally and Sunday..1 yr., $8.4 Datly only. sivi s 13T, §6.0 Sunday only......1yr, $2.4 All Other States. Dally and Synday.1 yr., $10.0 Daily anly <.....1 7.0 Sunday only... $3.00; 1 mo,, 36c mo,, 70¢ mo,, 50c mo.,-20¢ -15r. s1yT. Member of the Associated Press. e Ansotifted Press is exciusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dis- atches. crediteq 1o 1t or not otherwise credited n this paper -aud alw the locak news puh. iished “herein. * All rights of publiestion of special dispatches herein ate uleo reserved. — e Another Explosion “Confession.” If u Confession that is reported to, have been made by & prisoner in Lon- don i3’ genulne “the” mystery of the Wall street explosion of September 16, 0, has been solved ut last. Ever since that crime, which cost the lives of thirty people and injuries to many others, police ahd secret service agents have bBeen' kept busy following tralls and making arrests, only to find. in no case a real clue (o the perpetrators. Some: months ago & man was arrested in Poland who wds said 10 have had direct connection With the plot, and who was to be returned to this coun- try for the purpose of reveaiing the whole story of the plot. But for some reason his alleged confession was not taken seriously, and after a time’ of- ficial interest in him lapsed. Much mystery attends his case. -Whether he was posing as a notorious character or was misreported as, confessing’ has never been told. S0 far as it has gone the story from London does not throw any real light on the matter beyond the stutement that & niun known as Ralph Thurber, who has several aliases, now held in Pentonville prison, has ‘made & full confession, iniplicating - seven ~other people, six men and a woman. There is no ciue to_the purpose of the plot. Later disclosures wilk doubtiess bring much to light; unless this is another “water haul.” O No credence has ever been given to the theory that the explosion three and u ‘half years ago was accidental. ‘There was neo conceivable purpose or- reason for the presence of so destruc- tive a Toad 6f explosives at-that par- ticular point. Every known clrcum- stance pointed-to & plot. Yet just why it should have been carried through in the way that it was has been beyond definite conception. The explosion took place in the open street in’circum- stances, mmierely to kill a lot of -people ¢ particular individual. It did not occur at & timie of public tension. If it was & radical maneuver it was a silly one. -All this.has added to the mystery. 3 £ % It Thurber bas-teld the truth he wiil,_of course, be sought in extradi- tion ' proceedings for transfer to this country. . But .there s ground. for doubt. The very fact that the mews of the so-called. confession has become public may in itsclf cust & guestlon upon its genuinenese, 1 ——v————— “Direct -Action.” Tammuny and Tammany- leaders havo their own peculiar ways of deal- ing, with politics and -politicians... Tam: manyites are.. notorfous for their “strohg-arni”’ methods, It seems, too, that _they arc also.prone to “direct ac- tion.” K Take thié current instarice of the removal of Special Deputy Pelice Com- missioner Waldo, which became kngwn yesterday. Tt was understood to’ have been dene begause he had sponsored a mayoralty boom for his friend, Police Commissioner Enright. That was a grave wmistake. Mayor Hylan wants re- election to office for a third term. Mayer Hylan, who hus been in Florida recuperating from a severe fliness, re- sented any trespass upon the claim which he had staked out and which 4s to be worked in 1925. . ) Within a week after he had heard of the activities in behalf of Earight by Waldo he-decided that **Waldo must go And Waldo went, apparently voluntarily, to relieve - Commissioner Enright from embarrassment with Mayor Hylan, but the politicians” all sdy that the mayor was the impelling force. The politiclans-are also said to “regard the lopping off of Mr. Waldo's officlal head as & warning to ail-pthefs in ‘the city administration to have no other “choice_for mayor but John F. Hylan." . This is what they ‘eall ;“direct ac- tion” in Tammany. It certainly has' the merit_of. effectiveness. ———t———— _In the absénce of Caliph Abdal ‘ Medjid, his thousand wives are unable 10 agree as to which shall take charge of his business during his absence. The taxpayer, while waliting for re- duction, has at Teast the. satistaction of knowirig ¢hat he has the usual sym- pathy-in Corigress. . bulldings aRd -grounds. makes a fa vorable. Tepart.6n_the bill to enlarge acrogs the city to the Eastern branch. ‘When this part of the canal was filled the space became a wide street. For years the District. property yard oc- clipfed’ space along the mifddle of the sfreet from B to D street, with a payed roadway on each side of the yard.’ The south roudway and ‘the area. oocupled: by the -yard--will . be- come “part of .the Botanic Garden, and-the north roadway, along which cars of the Washington Railway and Electric Company run, will continue ! as'a street. . The present Botanic Garden, as all Washingtonians know, is bounded by 1st and 34 ‘streets and Pennsyivania and Maryland avenues. Across Mary- land .avenue and south of the Botanic { Garden is a. reservation between 2d and 3d streets occupled by. govern- ment greenhouses. South and south- east of that reservation are the two squares proposed to be taken by the government and Canal street, a con- siderable part of which will become a section of the Botanic Gerden. | Anh appropriafion of $800,500 is au- thorized by the bill for the bullding of a conservgtory and other Wuildings for the garden. No doubt structures on the sitc of the present garden Will be removed, and also those on the reservation between 2d and 3d on the south side of Maryland avenue. ,The plans will not only enable the ‘government to create a lurger and more interesting Botanic Garden, but will bring about a noteworthy im- provement of & part of the city near the Capltol. ' I The Senatorial Lyre. Now that the Silas Weggses of the Senate are dropping into verse per- hape & milder air will prevail at the north end of the Capitol, where the atmospheric conditions have for some time been highly charged. Yesterday's exchange of parodies between Senators Heflin.and Lodge-should have & good effect. Neither senator, it should be stated, claimed authorship of the verses which he read. Each had re- ceived his effusion from an unnamed source. But perhaps now that the ice has been broken some of the solons will take peri in hand on their ‘own ac- counts and frame lines applicable to 'the present situation, Possibly a competition may be start- ed in the Senate for poetic honors. Back in the old days of Pericles Grecian statesmen propounded their views of government in classic lan- guage. They did not versify, but their prose was music. They were careful of their syntax and their rhetoric. Thelr perlods were rounded, they were thoughttul in their choice of words. They were deliberate in their address. ‘When ‘they attacked they did o with preparation. Now has come & day of hasty speech. True, the “copy" is more or less edited before it goes to the government print- ing office for publication in the Rec- ord, but.much slips through that is below the mark. Poetry, or verse, re- quires some exactitude of phrasing, some careful selection of words. It may be doubted whether any member of the Senate would venture improv- isation in meter and rhyme. So let the verses come, let the meas- ‘ured dactyls and the fambics flow |musically. Let the rhyniing dictionary be brought into use. This is a cam- paign year. Probably much of the fnietric material evolved In senatorial \discussion can be made of use later on the hustings: A crowd always likes the lilt* of rhythmic discourse, es- | pecially if it has a jingle at the end. ‘Several centuries’ @go Andrew| Fletcher of Saltoun wrote: “I knew | a very wise man that believed that if @ Than were permitted to make all the ballads he need not care who should make. the laws of a nation.” Why should not the United States Senate write both the ballads and the laws? His duties compelled Smediey Butler to attend & bal masque in Philadel- phia. John Barleycorn is no safer in a domino than he is in & dress suit. Dueling” 18 revived' by German of- dcers, who apparently cannot realize that times have changed and certain absurd formalities are obsolete. - g P The Department of Justice ‘at-least presérves secrecy to the.extent of in- dicating clearly that a code message is to be régarded as confldential. Scandal is like electricity; a little {8 interesting. Too much becomeés pain- tul. : The Fifty-Eight Fathérs. A new “bloc” has been formed in Congress. It is called, if it.does not call itself, the “beer. bloc.” At the present reckéoning it comprises fifty- eight members, all of whom are de- sirous of securing a change of the Volstead law to make it, they say, #comply in some measure with the intention of 'the elghteenth amend- ment.” Specifically, they desire 2.76 beer, which- is & measure of alcoholic content: - 3 The method adopted by the -new, bloc is spectacular if not economical. Each of the fifty-eight has introduced the same bill, precisely tn identical tetms. All:of these fifty-eight bills will be printed separately, each in the allotted quantity: Thé name of each ‘will bear the name of its introducer, 80 that when it 18 broddcast through the districts the author will get what- ever credit may accrue to this en- deavor. It must be said for this method that it is” well gdapted to campaign pur- poses. If one of the fifty-elght alone were to have his name-borne on the £*the ‘Botanic Garden and :official print as the author of the bilf, ‘conservatory. Tt creates|the other fifty-seven would get only TISEio! 517~ 8nd-580. Square 577 is ¢ 1ded: by 2d.-and.3d streets south- west, ‘O ftréet: and . Canal' street. 18 purchase ¢ity squares | the benefit of an avowal of supporting it. As it is, each bill will be known in the particular digtrict into which |- it is sent in quantity.as the proguct oftheast { of that particular statesman who rep- corner-of-the-square. Square No. 580 .is. bounded- by. 1st and 2d streets +sonthwest afid C and D. streets, snd Ganal dtreet cuts through thé north- enst_eorner. of the: square. its name from & -part ot the Washing. + ton "cify ‘caftal, which wai bilit from the % Potomag - near-.-Basby’s - -polnt, resents’ that particular subsection: of ; the country. For strictly legislative effect. how- ever, there is 1o especial advantage in this multiple method of’ bill intro- duction. Congress is not an acutely sensitive body.. It does not react to gestures. i A_blll is a Bill no matter whose Tame it bears, except, of course, as regards the political afmilf- ation.of the author.’ 3 - Pogaibly -this new mode -of promo- Sy may have one particular advantage, in that when the bill is ‘considéred in committee theé introducar. may appear in all his manifold personality;’ nmk- ing an impressive array of- author- ship.” And, ‘agein, It the bill should be reported favorably and gain the calendar, and eventually its day in the House, its “author” could ralse & mighty ‘voleé for It, & veritabls chorus of parentage that might possibly im- Dresy the galleries if not the House itaclf. e i But probably the House folding lfoam. that| great mill of distribution, Wwill have more to do with' the. fifty- qight prints of one variety of pro- posed moist legislation than commit- tee or House itself. And the districts will all have their quota of printa. Smuggling Aliens. From time totime stories come of the smuggling of aliens into the United States, from the Canadian boundary, the Mexican border and the gulf states, and we also have such storles in con- Bection with liquor smuggling on the north Atlantic coast. Most of these ac- counts, though they secm plausible, are set down as “sensational” or imaginary because they lack certain alements of cénfirmation. Only a very smull number of stories are accom- panied by statements that the aliens have been captured while entering or after entering the United States with- out conforming to the immigration law. But from Fort Myers, Fla., comes bit of news that is significunt, It says that “twenty-one aliens were captured yesterday by Sheriff Albrit- ton on Estero Island, twenty miles from here. Twenty-two were unioad- ed in the night by a saflboat from uba and one escaped.” It Is told that fteen Italians, four Greeks, one Syrian and one Albanian were caught on the islarid. Further along in the dispatch it is said that “this brings the total number of captured this week to sixty-one.” ' We have recently had stories of passport irregularitles from South America by which Immigrants from Europe enter the United States In vio- lation of law, end it was said that these immigrants were of the most undesirable class. The captures made on the Florida coast are ‘important. What is being done on the small is- land near Fort Myers is perhaps being done at other places along our coast, and there are probably secret ways of getting into the United States across our northern and southern frontiers. - There is close relationship between Hquor smuggling and the smuggling of aliens. The two evils go together, and more effectlve measures against llquor smugglers would also check the smuggling into this country of people not wanted here. . Those in charge of matters periain- ing to Teapot Dome disclosures are expected to proceed as rapidly as pos- gible. An effort to hold national con- ventions and investigations at the dame time would inevitably result in complications. Farmers demand assistance from the government, but do not aspire to any arrangement that will make farm lunds as profitable as oil lands. After listening attentively to cer- tain suggestions the Attorney General merely identifies them as forms of the same old resignation rumor. SHOOTING STARS. BY PIILANDER JOHNSON. ‘The Discord. I-heard somebody speak in words of comfort to the throng About“e life so grand and sweet that it was like & song. Y've listened for the harmony . for many & hopeful day, . And tried to join the chorus when the band began to piay. The song was always fine when first the music started out, But pretty soon it wandered off and filled your ears with doubt, Then everybody - had .to stop, as anxious as eould be, Beocause some loud performer’ got to singing off the key. He didn't seem to count for much at first, but pretty soon He made it rather hard to tell the dis- cord from the tune, For others standing near him faitered _ in their equipoise And thought his way was right be- © cause he made the biggest nolse. All people long for harmony so gentle and so sweet, But differences of opinion ** strangely incomplete. And everybody says, “The tune is spoiled for you and me Because the other fellows keep.-on singing off the key!" make it Investigation Free. “Do you remember the famous say- ing ‘It is a crime to die rich?" " " “Yes,” replied Senator Sorghum. “But how is it to be avoided? Money simply haunts some people so that they can’t even lose it backing race horses or musical shows.”” Jud Tinkins says radio has made him more contented to stay home, 3azs being just about the same in Pitts- :,urlh or -Bchenectady ae it is right erc. ‘Secret and Biack. The " *‘midnight. ofl" ‘Went wrong, they say. And must recoil b From light of day. - %At lexst.” said the positive man have the courage to say exactly what I think at all times." 2 *That- isn't: ceurage,” rejoined Miss Cayenne. “That's bad judgment.”, , Shortened Hours, “People, n6 longer ‘drinik till 3 or § o'clock in the morning. ““No," auswéred Uncle Bili Bottletop. #The kirid of lquor: now handed out don’t let anybody retain consciousness after midnigh! g oL “It's kind o' hard to bie ag severs wit inlquity as ‘you ought,”” sald Uncle Eben. “Somehow or. nuther it allus ‘pears like fle ‘wust sinners i3 lable to' give de mos” liberul iips.”- . - 4 | ! 'CAN YOUR TAXES BE CUT? A Series of Articles on the Cost of Government; s Where the Money Goes, and Why. - -~ - BY JOHN F. SINCLAIR, Author of “Can Europe Hold Togetheér?” CHAPTER X, > The Post Office: “The Greatest Public . - Utiiity. Benjamin Franklin was the first Postmaster General of the United States. . He served from July, 1775, to November, 1776. This was the stormy and trying period of the revo- lution. Communications were then of first importance, even though the bus- iness was amall. 1t is & huge business now. The Post Office” Department™ s “far snd away the greatest public utility in the world today. It was not always s0. Ameriea has grown enormously. So has ‘he post ofiice. Look at this record. In 1790 there were seventy-five post offices in the United States The total revenue was $37935 and the total expenses were $32,140. There were 265,000 letters handied. In 1923 there were 54,181 post offices. The total revente was $532,827.000 and the total expenses were §556,850,000. There were 9,370,000,000 letters han- dled by the railway mail service wlone. " This does not include local deliveries, nor any second, third. or fourth class mall. For avery letter dropped into the post office In 1799 there were approximately 45,000 let- ters in 1923, Not only is the Post Office Depart- ment the greatest public utility in the world; it is also the cheapeat. For 2 ceuts one can place a letter addressed to John Smith, 10 Smith street, London, England, In the mall box; ten miles from the main office in San Francisco, have it called for #nd taken these ten miles by a re- Tiable, careful mail carrisr, taken to the rallway department, cerried 3.111 miles from San Francisco to New York, transferred to a m: ship and carried 3,312 miles to Eng- land, carried by a letter carricr fifteen miles out from the London main post office and deliversd to John Smith at his door—for what? Kor just 2 cents in American money: 4,948 milas for 2 cents! . Department Shows a Profl Now the strange thing about all this is that the 2-cent mail depart- ment is msking money. It Is show- ing a profit. Why? Because it 13 not required to pay intecest on its huge investment, as privately owned public utilities are. There are 2,277 citfer, small, in which all mail 13 delivered daily to the individual homes by reg- ular mall carriers. This f. & stupen dous work. Then we must add 786 villages In which llkewlse al' mail is delivered dally to Individuel homes by letter earriers. All villages hav- ing & pepulation of 1,600 people, and dofng & gross postal businese of at least 36,000 a year, can receive this serv Undoubtedly this feature of the service will be greatly enlarged during.the coming years. Then there is the railway mall se vice. On June 30, 1923, there were 5,096 full and apartment mail cara wned by the severa: rallroads and n.perlleg‘ by the postal service. The Post Office Depurtment pald to the rallroads for this service for the fis- cal year 1923 a total of $93.262.000. This I8 one of the most expensive de- partments of the service. As I write the railroads havé peti- tioned the Interstate Commerce Com- mission for an Increase in rates. Here is & weakness in the system. The department at this point loses control of its costs. We need only quote « few figures to see how important the rallway post is. In 1923 this depart- ment handled, roughly, 9,256,000,000 pleces of first-class mall, 7,409,000,000 pleces of second, third and fourth class mail and 113,000,000 pieces of registered muil. This IS a grand total of 16,778,000.000 pleces of mail han- dled by. the railway department. TLis is estimated to be approximately 75 per cent of the total business of the Post Office Departmen. Afr Routes New Development. A new development which needs & word is the air mall routes division. Really, there Is only one air zervice 8o far in operation—trom New York to San Francisco, a fiying distance of, 2,680 miles. Mall from Chicags and that section can reach either coast in a day. At present 79 airplanes are being used. The record for 1923 shows 1,805,000 miles flown, with 68,875.840 pleces of first-cl mail _carried in the service. TI nited States lags far behind many of the nations of Europe. Here, again, is a division which bids fair to see marvelous ex- pansion during the next years. 'And now- we come to the most ex- pensive activity of the Post Office Department—that of the rural mail service. At the close of the fiscal 51 1923 there were 44,439 rural mail routes, serving $,483.000 families, or approximately 3€,000,000 Ameri- cans, in the country districts. The 14,312 mail carrlers traveled up the hills and down the valleys and over the prairies & total of 1,173,630 miles dally. This service cost the depar ment $85,778,000 for 1923. The aver- age unnual sala: gl!fl the rural car- rlers for 1923 was §1,844. Polk Was Speaker Before Presidgnl To the Editor of The Star: In the interest of historical mccu- racy and Decause 50 MARY YOUNg peo- ple now get a large part of their ed- ucation from newspapers, 1 venture to call attention to an error in an article of historical character by Mr. John_ F. Sinclair, published in The Star of February 28. In . a -paragraph concerning Presi- dents of the United States he says “No Speaker of the House of Rep- resentatives was ever elected Presi- dent of the United States.” James K. Polk of Tennessee, elect- ed as_eleventh President, in 1844, was Speaker of the House In the Twenty-fourth and Twenty-8fth Con- gresses, from March 4, 1835, to March 4, 1839, - According to 80 eminent an suthority as Col. A. K. McClure, he was “distinguished for his ability and Impartiality as Speaker of the Hous (“Our_Presidents and How We Muke Them,” page §0.) It 15 possible that Mr. Sinclair may hive -meant that no man Was ever elected President while serving as Speaker, but his article creatés a dif- ferent impression. .- W. W. MILLAN. Feet to Be Freed. . From the Omaha World-Herald. Three ‘rousing cheers for the shoe- maker. ! Emancipation for cruelly enslaved feét is on the way. Corns, bunions and other pedal deformities are due to disappear. ~The “American shoe- maker has organized himself into.a soclety for the prevention of cruelty to, the feet: At the.annual conven- tion and style revue of the ‘National Shoe” ‘neuuor-;‘ Aszoctation ;"'ric:ola cago ihis week every one of Ip, pairs of shoes exhibited is sald to conform: .to. the slogan, “Freedom from foot hurts* S o Shoes -hereafter are to be approx- imately:-100 ‘per cent American. Such terms ag “French heel” and “French toe” are sald already to be fast dl sppearing . from footwear: rouln’u ries. _° . 1f “the cobbler will now devise a shoe that will feel”just as comfort- able new as it does worn, out, we shall owe him an everlasting debt of rntnnd- as well'as the cost of the ast. pair. purc P “large and| 0 During the fiscal year 1923 there ‘were 304 mail routes esablished, add- ing 36,938 familics to the service. Other routes were 'excluded: So for the year we find improved postal ser- vice in the, country districts given to 92,425 familles, or 426,076 persons. A total of $513.000 was appropriated by Congress in June, 1922, for carry- ing mall in New York city through pneumatic tubes. The Postmaster General has alrendy made a contract running from September, 1922, to J)lne, 1932, for such service with the New' York Pneumatic Service Com- uy for 27 miles of double lines of -inch tubes. The tube -onnects the main post office of New YorK and. 24 of the larger postul stations. - Tubes Antedate Mocor Truck. At this time for the 26.83 miles of double 8-inch lines in operation the Post Office Depactment Is paying the contractor $496,425 a year. This is & very doubtful expenditure, The tubes were Arst installed before the days of the motor car, when mail delivery was slow. Today no such condition exists. The motor mail car Is spaedy und cfficlent. The §-inch tubes are relatively small. T oelfeve & big sav- ing can be effected by the abolition of this-so-called tube service. Mention should be mad. tal savings deparimens year >ading June, 1923, to'alad §184,463,106. In ail there are 6,802 postal savings depositories. Of these approximately 1,900 are using finger impressiops ¢4 an aid to iden- tification of depésitors. This method is unique in America and has grown in xreat favor during the year. 1hus dapartment is 3 very Important one. Wut deposits heve been going down during the leat few yvems. To meet this slcuation Postmaster ; Ceueral New, in hls report for 1923, declores fos a higher Inierest rate for postal suvings s> as ‘to approximace the standard rates now paid to savings depositors 5y commercial and other benks. Such & policy will bring out many thous=nds of dollars now In hiding snd return this vast fund of 1dle money to the actlve chambers of trade.” During the 1933 fiscal vear 54,131 post offices issued 173.000.000 money orders, valued at $1,398,000,020. Now for the Expenne Side. The - Poats G:nerai of f the pos- For the he deposits aster the Untt:d Scates ts the direccing head of | this vast enterprise. He reczives $12.000 a year. This Is the ustal pay for all cablnet positions. He has four ass'stants. They rezeve $5,000 a year eAch. These salari:s are eatirely too tow—certainly forthe asslstants. The Postmester Cenerel is situated dif- ferently. He Is usually the political merager for the administration in power. He wields vast influence by his appointive power. The President relies largely on the judgment of the Postmastcr General. At this time there are 14,261 postmasters of the first. second and third classes ap- pointed by the President. These ap- pointments are in all cases suggested to the President by the Postmaster Genosral. Bigger Force than Army and Navy. There were on June 30 last, 285,822 employes in the postal service of the United States. Of these, 3,425 live in ‘Washington. The rest are scattered in every city and village in the na- tion. It is a larger force than that of the Army and Navy combined. The department cost the people of the United States for the fiscal year 1923 approximately $32,600,000 net. That is, the department spent that amount more than it raised in post office revenue. That sum must be paid by the people of the United States out of the public Treasury But it is a small sum. For every $100 we raised in 1923 for all federal purposes, the.Post Office Department received only 98 cents. 1t is less than 1 per cemt. It is less than was given to the Veterans' Bureau every twenty- elght days. It is lesb than we gave 0 the Army every month in the year. The department has just added 8,000 new men to do the work. The busi- | ness is growing. Cheap service is the fizst consideration in the Post Office Department. Yet the net loss eati- mated for 1924 is 30 per cent less than for 1328. The Post Office Department has distinctly made good. It gives the greatest service for the cheapest fes of any public utllity in the United Stater. The bureau of efficiency has re- cently suggested the change of the name of the Post Office Department to Department of Communications. It is a good suggestion. Its business is based on soclal service and not on private profit. That {s its greatest strength for the future. Surely it 1s not here where taxes can be materially cut. (Copyeight, 1024, in U. & wod Great, Britain by Nortn American Newspaper Alliance. All rights reserved. a Tomorrow: Agriculture and $50,- 000,000 for roads. 'COURAGE “I am the master of my fate: I am the captain of my soul.” Ella Flags Young's Many Obstacles. Because of delicate health, Ella Flagg could not play with sturdier children and was unable to attend regularly the public school near hLer home in Buffalo, N. Y. She did not learn to read untll she was eight vears old, or to write until she was fourteen. Her mother did not believe she would live long, so shielded her trom ‘the world by teaching her at home. Taken to Chicago by her parents, the girl was forced by their deaths to make her way in the world when she was sixteen. ‘A grade teacher at seventeen, she taught many puplls older than herself. Three years later she became the first head of the Prac- tice School for Teachers and made it & success. When twenty-four she married, but continued to teach. . Elected district superintendent, she served twelve years, then resigned when the offite was reduced to a mere clerical ‘position. = President Harper offered her full professorship in t! University of Chicago. She refu: the title until she had studied a year and obtained her degree. Resigning four years later, she went to Europe, and while there was ap- pointed principal of the Chicago Nor- mal School. - y Another four years and the Chicago board of education was in a deadjoc! Nelther sile” could have its‘ man_for superintendent of city schools, 8o Mrs. Young was chosen, She belng the first woman ° school superintendent In a large city in this country. Although she was sixty-four years o0ld, her ‘sucéess won recognitioh at home and outaide, but she had to fight for.evety improvement. - ‘Politiclans would not be satisfied with ah inds pendent woman in ‘the-office,. and, b came s0 offtnsive that she résigned. Press and puBlic of the country ato and ded_her reinstatemen that the: sehool board was for return_ her to office and to full charge of the schools witho terference. Mrs. Young was the first wdman president of the National Educgtion Association and is acclaimed by|the world & ené of ‘{ts grextast ed¥ca- tors! i {Copyright, 19980 - 0 to her t in- | fomer 8. " Cimmings Politics at Large ‘The Tow between Senator Reed of ‘Missouri 'and William G, McAdoo is the chief political topic of the hour in demooratic dircles. The squabble 1s over their respective activities in the practice of law and the size of the | fees they have received from their clients. The language they use toward each other is—well, there will be need for an ing e In the output of asbestos if it keeps up. In the meantime, the other candidates, declared and poten- tial, are following the proceedings with deep Interest and encouraging the combatants to keep «t it. They probably hope that these two wiil succeed In killing each other off and leaving a freer fleld for themselves to enguge In & battle royal for the nomination. * ¥ x % It will be recalled that Senator Reed criticizsed Mr. McAdoo on, the score of socepting retainers imme- diately after leaving office, and the Missour! senator more than hinted that this employment was more on account of influence with the adminis- tration he was expected to wield than for any other reason. Whereupon Mr, McAdoo last Mon- day came back at his adversary in a bitter excortution, conacitudng oae of the most classic’ political denounce- ments of the campalgn thus fac. It was widely carried by the Associated Press, and the McAdoo managers in Mtssour! doubtiass saw o It that It will be extensively circulated pamphlet form in that scate. Mr. McAdoo in his statement flouted the Idea that Senator Reed has any weil founded hope of getting the nominatioa, but s only seeking dele- gates for 'rading purposes in the democratic nacional convent and asked him to stand up and say “to (whom he inteads to trade the dele- Fates whom he seeks to take co the convention pledyged to do his political winr e politicians suspect that Mn MoAdoo hints ac a proposed delivery of the dJlezates to the wets, and they nod in Gov. Al Smith’s direction. 3 * % ¥ % | But chat is not all of the MeAdoo- {Beed mix-up. A spacial dispatch from Springield, Mo., tells of the anti-Reed democrats 52 that section having pre- pared a series ¢ questions addressed to Benaior Rexd. He is asked upon wnat theory he ratalas his office of United States seaator and “devote a large part of year time 'to your law practice?” The questionnaire asks, “I8 it true that | your retatners amount to five times as much as your salary as senator?” There are other quesions along this general |line of “Where ¢.d you get it and how mach?* Senator Raed is ulso asked the plump question of whether he would ac- cept the nomination for Presidenc should the convention declare for the league of nations. It also wants to know if the scaator is for the repeal of the. eight- eenth amendmenc. Political circles hold that the effect of this controversy between Senator Beed and Mr. McAdoo_further impairs the prospects of Mr. McAdoo—already con- sidered pretty badiy dented—securing the nomination, und render extremely doubtful the senator getting it. So the politiclans return to the fleld of other potential candidates in searsh of a nom- nee. in l 1 l - 1 | * ¥ * ¥ How rapidly the fleld of potential candidates is growing, especially since the disclosures of Mr. McAdoo's teten- tion by the ofl interests. A ‘“potential candidate” in this instance Is taken to be any man who has been “favorably mentioned” by his friends or who is considered, to be in the presidential lime- light by reason of his abilities. Here 15 & list of them up to date: Senator Oscar Underwood of Alsbama, Senator John T. Robinson of Arkansas, Wiillam ~.G._McAdoo of Califarnia, of Connecticut, ohn Barton Payne ot Illinols, Senator Bamuel L. Ralston of Indlana, Senator A O. Stanley of Kentucky, Senator James “A. Reed of Missouri, Gov. Charles W. Bryan of Nebraska, Senator Edward I. Edwards of New Jersey, Gov. Slizer of New Jersey, Gov. Alfred E. Smith of New York, Josephus Daniels of North Carolina, former Gov. James M. Cox of Ohio. former Associate Justice John H. Clarke cf Ohio, Representative Cordell Hull of Tennessee, _Senator Carter Glase of Virginia, John W. Davis of West Virginia, Senator Woodbridge N. Ferris of Michigan and last,. but not least, William Jennings Brvan of Florida. Sx ok o The trouble with this fleld of ‘potentials” s that captious-minded democrats upon scanning it are dis- posed to find handicaps as to most of them. It may bs a geographical objection which 1if insisted upon would rule out several of them: or it may be that they are suspected of being too moist; or it may be on sccount of advanced years, or affili- ation with finance and big busimess, or_on religious grounds. . So, after getting through with the field, they are not able to spot the prospective winner yet. P This month the primaries and con- ventions for the selection of delegutes to the national convention will be- £in, so it may be said that the pre- convention campaign will soon begin to register results. They will con- tinue right along until thirty days before June 10 for the republicans and June 24 for the democrats. * Xk ¥ ¥ % In New York city there is a politi« cal organization known as the com- mittee of forty-eight, supposed to function in the interests'of radicalism and third-party movements. They issued a bulletin last Monday sug- gesting as potential candidates for & third party the names of Senator La Follette of Wisconsin, Senator Borah of 1daho and Victor Murdeck of Kansas, recently resigned from the Federal Trade Commission. Discssing the coming convention of the conference for progressive political action, in Cleveland, July 4, the bulletin says that neither of the old parties can be expected to nomi- nate a candidate acceptable to th: association and to the farmer-labo: progressive movement and continues as follows: “The platform already adopted by the farmer-labor-progres- sive movement is practically identi- cal with the platform of the confer- ence for progressive political action” and the latter must {ndorse the for- mer in the Cleveland convention. "This. however, presupposes that the convention of the farmer-labor-pro- gressives at its meeting, May 30, nominates a ticket “which will merit and can command the support of every organization and Individual Who' récognizes_ the necessity for a new party.” In a Few Words. 1 regard the British recognition of. the soviet as an act hostile to democ- racy and as an_act that the British government and the British - peopls 111 regret.. - = —SAMUEL GOMPERS. When an orator prociaims that character is a party monopoly he dis= credits oratory and affronts common sense. 2°SENATOR GEORGE WHARTON REPPER. § My brain 1s incapable of conceiving such thing as a soul. I may be in er- Tor and man may have & soul, but I simply do not believe in it. What a soul may be is bevond my under- standing. —THOMAS A. EDISON. A day will come when the only passports in the world will be found, alongside of Astec idols in our his- toricl MUSSRL _w. 0. WELLS. ANSWERS TO BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN Q. Was the Unlted Stat signer of the treaty which Germany violated when she invaded Belgium?—E. L. A. The United States was not sig- natory to the treaty guaranteeing the neutrality of Belgium, which was signed April 19, 1839, by the following nations: Austris, France, Great Brit- ain, Pruesia, Russis, Belgium. ¢ Q. How are pear, apple and cherry trees dwarfed?’—E. K. A. To dwarf & pear tree it should be grafted into a quince root. Apples should be grafted either on a paradise or a Doricin stock. Cherries, peaches and plums are dwarfed by pruning, Including & little root pruning if necessary. Cherries are grafted to Mahaleb stock. Q. How much butter fat and water must there be in a pound of butter? A. Butter must contain at least 86 per cent of fat and not over 16 per cent water. Q. ancient Hebrew spoken in Jerusalem?—G. E. W. A. Owing to the efforts of Ben Ye- hudah, an enthusiast for Jewish na- tionalism, the ancient Hebrew is be- ing revived. This language was not spoken even so iate as the time of Christ. Ig those days the inhabitants of Juded® spoke Aramalc. For more than forty years Ben Yehudah worked. Besides all his propaganda in the schools, in the press and on the platform he set to work on a tremen- dous lexicon or thesaurus in ten vol- umes, almost as great a work as the great’ Oxford Dictionary, on which a corps of English scholars have been at work for a generation. He dled with that work uncompleted, but so far advanced that his dlsciples can readlly finish it. Mosc of the Jews in the Holy Land now speak Hebrew and are proud to call it therr “mother tongue” The British government, which holds a mandace over Palestine under the treaty of Versailles, recog- nizes Hebrew as an official language and publishes a Hebrew copy of all legal governmental papers. Q. Does America bulld the major- ity of locomotives and coaches used on English and continental railways? —H.H. A. W87 A. The Raflway Car Manufactur- ers’ Association says that this is not true. “We have in the past, and doubtless in the future will continue to build & considerable amount of raflroad equipment for certain Euro- pean countries, but we must every- Where meet the competition of Eng- 1ish and continental builders.” Q. Are scallops dredged with u net or raked like oysters, and do they have ehells?—S. A. E. . A. Bay scallops are dredged with a dredge that has an iron frame with a2 sharp edge: sea scallo; caught with nets. Scallops do have shells. Q. Does a windmills pump water on the down stroke or the up stroke? G. H. 8. A. Whether a windmill pumps water on the down stroke or the up stroke depends entirely on the type of pump. Usually a deep well pump punips on the up stroke. Q. Has the United States a busi- ness representative in India?—M. E. B. A. James E. Miller, 21 Old Court House street, Calcutta, is the United States Trade Commissioner for India. Q. Does a road over private land ever become & public road?—B. B. R. A. A road over private land can become a public roaa after it has been used for twenty years or more by the public. The owner of the land can close the road at any time before the expiration of this twenty years. Q. What is the ure of the blood- less operation that Dr. Lorens per- forms?—C. McK. A. Dr. Lorenz specializes in orth pedic surgery. After vears of study {1t in 't Lo QUESTIONS cation. of the hip joint. This consiste of the forcikle stretehing of all the goft parts about the hip_ until the ad of the bone can Be brought to ® place where the socket should be (the ‘acetabulum). amd then holding position and rotating the Joint to seture it in the'depression of the acetabulum. A plaster.of paris cast Is worn by the patient from six to nine months after the operation. ‘:.he size of the United | featos Army when the republic was _A. The strength of the United States Army in 1783 was one regl ment of infantry and one battalion of artillery, numbering 840 men tn all. Q. What are the se S s ven liberal arts? A. The seven liberal arts include grammar, dialectics, rhetoric, music, aritimetic, geometry and astronomy. Q. Is Canada ¢t - 135, 15Canada paying taxes in Eog A. Canada does not pay an a oy pay any taxes of Canada o England. The chief value to the mother country is in the matter of preferential trade. Q. Who first used mahogany for furniture?—C. A. G. Gl A. It Is sald that Thomas Chippen- dals discovered the possibilities of mahogany and made it the ki cabinet woods. e Q. What was the name of the first (Gilbert and Sullivan opera?—J. B. G. A. “Trial by Jury” was the first Glibert and Sullivan comic opers. 1t Jias produced in London, March 2, 75. . Q. What do the five stripes in the Chinese flag stand for’—B. 8. U. A.. China’s natlonal flag consists of five horizontal stripes, the top one red, the next yellow, the next blue, the next white, and the one at the bottem, black. The colors stand re- spectively for China, Manchurla, Mon- golia; Tibet and Turkestas. Q. Is the size of a billlard table th same i England as it is here?—J. A. The playing area of the Eng- lish table i six feet by ten and one- half feet. Thoe standard size in Amer- ica is five feet by ten feet. In many clubs, homes and some public billtard rooms, tables four and one-haif fest by nine feet are used. In England the billiard table has six pockets. In America the game of billlards is played on a carom table, the table with pockets being reserved for the game of pool. Q. What occupation do most of the Indlans follow now?—L. B. A. The Commissioner of Indian Af- fairs says that while many Indians engage in other Industries, by far the greatest number support them- gelves by fanmiug. Q. 1Is soldiers —Q. E. A. Such insurance is still good. sut this protection will not extend Jeyond March . 1926. The Veterans' Bureau says that all térm insurance 40w in force must be convertsd by that time into one or more of the siX forms of permanent insurance issued by it. These include ordinary Iife. twenty-payment life. thirty-payment fe. twenty-vear endowment, thirty- year endowment and endowment at the age of sixty-two. In casc term Insurance has lapsed it is possible to effect reinstatement upon very liberal terms. term insuranmes issucd to gmn: the waur still in force? (Any reader can get the answer 0 @iy question by writing to The Star Inforys tion Bureau, Frederic J. Haskim, Di- rector, 1226 North Capitos street. 'Th offer applies strictly to information. The bureau cannol give advice on icgal medical and financial matters. It docs not attempt to acttle domestic troudles nor to wndertake exhaustive Tescarch on any subject. Write your giestion plain- Iy and bdriefly. Give full name ami wi- dress, and inclose 2 cents in atamps for he developed his so-called “bloodless™ method of reducing congenital dislo- return postage. All replies are ssnt ai- rect to the inquirer.) | N TODAY'S SPOTLIGHT BY PAUL V. COLLINS A great world movement will touch ‘Washington during the coming week, when our Jewish citizens will con- tribute their allotment to the cause ot Zionism. The crusades were fought for the redemption of the Holy Land from Moslems and its reinstitution in Christendom. Zionism purposes & peaceful conquest of the land of Abraham and its rehabilitation as the world center of Jewry. For 2,000 years Palestine has been in’ the hands of its enemies. It has ceased to “flow with milk and honey.” Ite fields are desert, with but 10 per cent under cultivation. Its popula- tion is six times as strong in Mo- hammedanism as in the religion of Abraham, Isaac and Jucob. Yet throughout the ages the Jews have looked upon Palestine as their home land. Whether in Russian ghettos or in New York clty—where are more Jews than -in any other city in the world—they have cried in their hearts: “It 1 forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning “If I do not remember thee, let.my tongue cleave to the roof of my: if 1 prefer not Jerusalem {sm reaches its culmination there shall be a crusade of the 14,000,008 Jews from all the ends of thoe dis- persal to recapture the Holy Land. It is not planned that the 3,000,000 Jews now in the United States shall migrate to join the Jewish colonies in_Palestine, though some of the sentimentally devout will do so, in the joy of the renaissance. In the United States there is no oppression f Jews, as in some other countries. By reason of their prosperity and Telicity of environment they ésteem it _their duty and privilege to con- | tribute to the momentous enterprise of founding amidst the surround- ings of sacred history a- Jewish na- tion—a. republic of freedom, equality and fraternity. When Zionism was conceived by Theodor Herzl, the great journalist of Vienna, it was denounced ss impracti- cal. The Turk ruled Palestine. For & Turk to slaughter a Jew or Christian was another jewel In his celestial dia- dem. : Herzl, ‘himself a Jew, had been unorthodox and unsympathetic with his race. His dream grew out of & sudden awakening, upon seeing in France the persecution of his fellow Jew, Capt, Dreyfus, whose trial he had come to lreport for his Vienna journal. Out of the cruelest of Jew-baiting came the inspiration destined to restore to the race their former prestige and na- tional entity. Herzl became a veritable prophet of & Jewish renaissance. He eppealed to Baron Hirsch, the multi- 'millionaire Jew, for financial aid to the project of & world exodus to Pales- 1ihe, but Hirsch laughed him to scorn. i | I i i | saleny, Lord Balfour, prime minister, on November 2, 1917, ‘announced: “His majesgyv’'s government views with favor thdestablishment in Pales- tine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeav- ors to facilitate the achievement of this object.’ Later Italy and France indorsed ths project of Great Britain. A resolution 1o the same effect was passed unani- mously by both branches of the United States Congress and approved by Presi- dent Wilson. e * ¥ X X 4 Thers s nothing chimerical or fanciful about the movement, declare its promoters, nor s there In It the slightest sentiment of disloyalty to the natlons in which the Jews-are now living. When Falestine hoils a Jewish republic witly three or four million population, seif-governed and expressing a community spirit and a national entity, it will draw to ft the oppressed Jews from all nations. Jews who remaln outside of Palestine —in America or Europe—will still feel thelr new status in society, owing io the fact that they too belong to a race which has achieved its destiny. There is in Palestine a population 600,000 Mobammedans and 160,006 ews, but there is vapacity for ten times that population. Hoiland sup- ports 645 to the square mile; Palestine now has but seventy-five. The fact that the Mohammedans are now under British rule has stopped raclal and religious intolerance, and made it poseible to realize the dream of Herzl. © * X % % Throughout all nations, funds to meet an annual budget of some $4,- 000,000 are belng gathered with which to reclaim the land, develop the neg- lected natural resources, establish in- dustries. Already, the River Jordan nas been surveyed for one' of the greatest ir- rigation projects In the world. The river falls, from its scurce at the {foet of Mount /Hermon to the Dead sea, 3,000 feet. At the Springs of Dan, it is 505 feet above sea level; at the mouth, in the Dead sea, it fs 1,299 feet below sea level. [n the short stretéh of about fitteen miles hetween Imke Merom and Lake Tiberias, it falks 636 feet—a veritable rapids, which will not only be a source of abundant {rrigation, but, by damming Lake Tiberias will give électric power to turn wheels of industry “frem Dan to Beersheba.” Irrigation canals will parallel the Jordan and serve not only to waser the flelds and orchards, but give mavigation throughout nearly the ength of the country. This develop- ment_alone will cost some $4,500,000. A university has been founded in Jerusalem, and upon its staff will be the great’ scientist, Albert Einstein. "here are scores of schools and some sixty colonies in various parts of the country. 3 The organization does not aid Jews to travel to Palestine—they must pro- vide their own travel expenses—but, once arrived, there is systematic ald He ‘appealed to rulers of great em- pires—to the -governments yof Great Britain, Italy gnd Germany. He called in_1898 & 'world conference of Jews at Basel, Switzerland, and there is fire spread to others. Herzl died before the world war had ome to drive out the Turk-from.the Holy Land, but his pioneer spirit is stirring yet. the great movement now spread throughout the world. ~Gen. Allenby drove out the Turk and Engs land became the mandated power over Palestine under the trust given her by the league of mations. % Even before the British flag waved triumphant above the towers of Jeru- iven toward establishing them upon arms or in industries. At present there is immigration restriction, lest rrivals overwhelm the means for car- ing for them. Land is not sold to im- mellrltnllz. n"tlh“'z’!d' ’(!lheln‘ hald’uln rpetuity e Zionist organizat! e Rder n onccol he Sowti Sy acter of the new population. - A few duys ago, in New York, wealthy Jews (who have taken no part in the Zion- st movemers, agreed to ralse an in- dependent fund of $5,000,000 for in- vestment in Palestine's industrial de- velopment. = (Copyright, 1084, by Paui V. Goliton.)