Evening Star Newspaper, February 14, 1924, Page 6

'THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY. . .February 14, 1024 THEODORE W. NOYES. ...Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Busigess Office, 11th B¢. and Pennayivania Ave, New York Office: 110 Ei 42nd Bt. Chicago Office: Tower Bulldin European Ofilee: 18 Regent Bt., London, 4, The Evening Star, with the Sunday motning edition, is delivered by carriers within the city ut 60 cents per month; daily ooly, 45 uts per month; Sunday only, 20 cents per wonth, Orders may be scut Ly mall or t Main 3000. “Collection Is made by car- Rate by Mnil-—l’n;a_lvle in Advance. Maryland 2nd Virgh Daily and Sunda 3 Daily only. Sunday o mo., 70¢ mo., 60¢ Daily - Daily only. . sunday only. $ 1 mo., $5¢ $7.00; 1 mo., 60c $3.00; 1 mo., 250 Member of the Associated Press. The Assocfated Press fs exclusively entitled to ihe use for republication of all news @i Patehes eredited to it or not otherwise credited in this paver and also the local news pub. lished “hered ¥hts of publieation of also reserved, Raussia Is Satisfied. Deputy Minister Litvinoff of the foreign afiairs office at Moscow has in an interview given to newspaper cor- respondents outlined the policy of the soviet government in respect to for- «cign recognition. In brief, it is that no commercial treaties will be signed with countries prior to their de jure recognition of Russia. This is ob- viously aimed at the United States. Russia wishes recognition by this gov- ernment, and is dangling the bait of foreign trade before it. Bhort of a complete reversal of polr.f on the part of this country that waft will not be takeq. ‘‘Some countriesy* 82id Litvinoft, “go on muttering about old debts. We re- fuse to consider any preliminary con- dition to ceinmercial treatie: The reference to “‘old debts" is obvious. ‘In his addres* to Congress at the opening of the sessies President Coolidge spec- fled Russia’'s atpudiation of the obli- ®ations of the imperfal government as one of the reason§ why recognition is withheld. There wits no “muttering” about it. Nor did Secretary Hughes “mutter” when he later amplified the Fresident's statement of the American policy. But the oid debts are not the «nly obstacles to American recogni- tion. The most important is the soviet vropaganda in this country for the subversion of government. No com- mercial valuation is placed upon rec- ognition. The United States is not concerned so keenly about trade with Russia as to waive other considera- tions in order to establish business re- lations. Litvinoff claims that with Great Britain, Italy, Germany, Norway and the botder states soviet Russia now has an ample fleld for its economic ac- tivities and to export raw and import manufactured materials. Recognition row 1s of much less importance. He claitns that other European and also American countries in the near future “will throw over their illusions, hope- less expectations and conventfonal- ities. We are near general recogni- tion In other words, according to Litvi- noff, soviet Russia can get along very well without the United States as a friend. Well, the United States can get along very well without soviet Russia as a friend. This country can ‘find abundant markets for its goods without sacrificing its principles and self-respect, its ‘‘conventionalities,” f?r the sake of a share of thé Russian trade. ———— ‘The Palatinate Atrocities. A hideous tale comes from the Ger- man Palatinate, where Tuesday night the people of two towns turned on the sépardtists, who have for three months heeu conducting a veritable reign of terror, and slew them with shocking atrocities. The townspeople, madden- cd by the tyranny of these political agitators, who, have, in the absence of definite natlonal control, taken pos- session of a portion of the Rhineland, made a furious attack upon them, drove them into public buildings, and at Pirmasens fired the town hall and threw wounded men into the flames. The reports indicate twenty-two dead and forty-ons wounded in the two towns of Pirmasens and Kaiserslau- torn. The separatists, when driven to last stand and overwhelmed by great | + numbe ught to surrender. begged for mercy and left their shelters only to, be, massacred. The crowd mani- fested a savage fury and in some cases tortured the prisoners and mu- tilated them. It was an exhibition of bersérker rage. This tragedy may prove the climax of ‘a situation that has given great Concern to the allied powers as well as to the German government. The Rhineland separatist movement was aimed at the disintegration of Ger- many. It was expected that it would Ye.accompanied by a revolt in Bavaria in the monarchical interest. Such a revolt was attempted, but the “beer hajl putseh” was a sorry failure. The Rhineland “separatists were left with- out support. ————————— One of the people who are particu- larly glad that Griffis is safe at home fn America is Bergdoll. —————————— Lincoln and District Slavery. Lincoln’s service in the Thirtieth Congress was lightly -touched on, if at -all, in- Lincoln day celebrations. ‘That Congress began December 6, 1847, end ended March 3, 1849, and during part of that time, perhaps all of it, Mr. and Mrs. Lincoln lived at Ars. Spriggs’ boarding house, on Capi- 1ol Hill. “On Capitol Hill” is the oniy address given. Like scores of others, it was a ‘“congressional boarding house,” and Lincoln’s fellow boarders were Representatives Blanchard, Pennsylvania; Dickey, Pennsylvani Embree, Indiana; Giddings, Ohio; Mc- Tivaine, Pennsylvania; Pollock, Penn- sylvan! Strohm, Pennsylvania, and ‘Fompkjns, Mississippi. Lincoln was as prominent in debate as many other members, but he at- tracted no particular attention. His humor was With him, and in Niles' , Register, reporting House proceedings of July 13, 1848, is this: lar remarks which occasioned con: slderadble laughter and confusion.” Lincoln’s antl.slavery sentiments came to the front several times. Some of his biographers say that he intro- duced a blll for the abolition of slavery in the District. The record shows that on January 16, 1849, Lincoln *“moved an amendment in the House of Repre- sentatives Instructing the proper com- mittee to report a bill abolishing slavery in the District of Columbia.” The emendment resolved that the House District committee frame a bill that the question of free slaves be put to @ vote of the electors of the District with the understanding that Jjust compensation out of public money be made to slave owners should there be a majority vote for emancipation, It is not shown in records immedl- ately at hahd what disposition was made of the proposal. The District was early chosen by anti-slavery elements as their fighting ground. Congress was here and had exclusive jurisdiction over the Dis- trict. To strike down the “Institution™ in the Capital niight make & dent in the “Institution” as e whole. The first resolution on the subject was offered In the House in 1805. The Philan- throplst, an abolition weekly, in 1817 called on abolitionists to eeek the emancipation of regroes in the Dis- trict of Columbla. In 1827 a big memo. rial from anti-slavery people was pre- sented to Congress asking that free. dom be given to children born of slave mothers in the District. During all the years to the civil war slavery was an exciting question here. The point is that Lincoln thought he had a plan for liberating slaves In the District that would work. He would let the people vote on it and the slaves would be paid for. But that proposition proved not to be practical. — e Now the Tug of War. Decision by the democrats of the House in caucus last night to stand as a unit in support of the Garner substitute for the Mellon tax rates joifs the issue upon that measure. Of the 168 democrats in the caucus 164 approved the action to bind mem- bers, party rules providing that If two-thirds agree the caucus decision shall be binding, except in circum- stances -of prior pledges. So the democrats in this case wiil present a solid front save for Mr. Deal of Virginia, who was excused. The democrats expect the adherence to their side of possibly seventeen insurgent republicans, which, if the expectation is realized, will make hard sledding for the Mellon bill. Thus endeth the hope indulged in, though faintly enough, to be sure, that the reduction of taxes could be under- taken in non-partisan spirit and car- ried out on economic rather than political lines. President Coolldge, in his Lincoln day speech, characterized the Garner bill as “political in theory” and *im- possible in practice.” The democratic caucus action flouts the claim that it is impossible in practice and pledges the democratic membership to under- take its enactment gnd to urge that it be tried on the cuuntry. The only redeeming feature of the present situation in the House is that commendable effort to expedite action on the legislation is shown by those in charge of the bill. The sooner it gets over to the Senate the better. The upper body will then prooeed at leisure to adjust possible crudities and tax reduction of scrts can be ex- pected. ] | Radio Receivers. In the matter of radio broadcasting the Secretary of Commerce is quoted as saying that he would *‘very vigor- ously oppose” any move by radio man- ufacturers operating broadcasting sta- tions to make a charge for their serv- ice. He said that companies or indi- vidual manufacturers who sought to maintain their broadcasting stations Ly a tax or license levy on recelving sets would have to secure government consent. Indications are that the time is dis- tant when owners of recelving sets must pay for service. When radio broadcasting was newer than now va- rious manufacturers of radio products who set up broadcasting stations said they thought that receivers would {finally have to pay for the service, {and it broadcasting stations were al- together in hands of manufacturers of radio products that condition might ! come about. But other agencles have sey up broadcasting stations. News- | papers, department stores and hotels rhaintain stations for the public good and for the advertising that is in it for them. It is likely that the number of such staticns will increase and at least that a sufficlent number will be maintained to give radlo receivers all the “programs” they need. These broadcasting stations will come into more general use by public men and ministers, and it may be that musical assoclations, citles and states may make use of broadcasting stations as means of instruction and entertain- ment. The radio fleld is broadening. ———————— The reluctant opinion of Mr. Edison that the questionnaire does not fumc- tion iz not shared by Senator 1a Fol- lette. I ———————— The 014 Carriers. Among the ancient and honorable industries of the District is and has for more than seventy years been that of “carrying The Sta: Readers cannot have overlooked the dally featurs, “A Bit of the Past,”.in which ‘Washingtonians now grown gray and conservative tell that when they were boys they “delivered The Star.” It is a long end impressive list of men that hes already been printed. The memory of some of these Star car- riers goes back to the time when ‘Washington was a small city and The Star a small newspaper. Many of them tell of the city before the civil war and some of them speak famil- iarly of “the Tsland,” “Foggy Bottom" and “Swampoodle,” which were re- glonal names in the city long ago. Some of the old carrlers tell of wards. My route,” says one, “was in.the, first ward,” and another says, “I delivered Stars in the seventh ward.” Only old Washingtonians, or those who have seen & map drawn when Washington had something like traditional municipal government, 'THE EVENING 8 know that there were ‘‘wards” in Washington. Many of tne former carriers tell of delivering “Stars” in sections where the houses were small aml far apart, but which we know ‘now as sections packed with big build- ings and where police must regulate traffic at the crossings. It is interesting to read the simple stories of the old carriers, and it would seem that nearly every boy in "‘old Washington” had at one time or another carried The Star. Of course, hosts of the boys who once delivered “the evening paper” are not among us to answer the roll that is being called. There is a touch of sadness 1in that. A quarter of a century from now an enterprising news editor may get the idea of calling for reminiscences| of former Star boys and many men prominent in business and the pro- fessions will tell readers that far back in the year 1924, when there were parts of the District that had not been bullt on, they carried The Star. They will recall that when they were carrying The Star there were residences south of Massa- chusetts avenue, some old homes were standing on Connecticut avenue, that Mount Pleasant, Brightwood, Ta- koma and Brookland were thouzht of as In the nature of suburbs and that it was considered quite a long way to the cathedral, which was then building, and out to the hydro- electric plant, then a region of rocks and wooded hills. ————— Taxpayers who hoped for a reduc- tion under the Mellon plan are now wondering whether the desire to se- cure greater benefits for tnem is not liable to leave them with none at all. ———————— It s evidently not Mr, -McAdoo's intention to submit tamely to the sug- gestion that there is nothing left of his presidential boom except a grease spot. ———— e e After reading President Coolidge’s remarks the average citizen cannot fail to feel that so long as there is to be an investigation it may as well be a guod one. —_—— Col. Bryan has a candidate for the presidential nomination. Efforts to make him as conspicuous as Col. Bryan himself have not yet been suc- cessful. —_———— The treasures accumulated by old King Tut indicate a vain effort to make life seem worth living to a man who could not have a phonograph or a radlio outfit. ——————— Evolution is not strong in public interest at present. The ol situation may prompt Col. Bryan to turn his attention from biology to geology. ———— e Debts owed the U. 8. A. by foreign nations amount to a large sum, which must for the present be listed among the country’s undeveloped resources. —_——— So many investigations are in dan- ger of leaving the United States Senate in doubt whether it is a legis. lative body or e grand jury. S e Magnificences in his tomb indicate that King Tut was the kind of grafter who used gold leaf instead of white- wash. ————— Clean plays are demanded for theatergoers, but not with sufficlent emphasis by the theatergoers them- selves. —_——————— ‘The scenery discovered in King Tut's tomb might suggest that he was the financial backer of a great Egyptian revue show, ——————— Improvements on ex-Secretary Fall's ranch are rated as an exceedingly poor job of political fence-mending. The brotherly love Magnus Johnson hoped to find in Congress is still awaiting developments. ————t—— SHOOTING STARS. LY PHILANDER JOHNSOY. ol I shall not burn the midnight oil ‘With studious inclination, Because it would disturb my toil ‘With scandalous intimation. No matter what I tried to read, I'd¢ find that every flicker Would make me sadly pause to heed His curious Teapot dicker. Nothing to Say. “What would you say if anybody were to offer you money for your Influence?” “I wouldn't say anything,” answered Senator Sorghum. *“I wouldn’t even let it be understood that I wes on speaking terms with anybody who would be 80 foolieh.” Jud Tunkins says the world is get- ting better every day, but it sounde like it was heving & kind o delirious convalescence. Tax Returns, Arithmetic now bids me fret As I my task begin. My tax is not reduced es vet, But I am getting thin. —— Local Industry, “The old town 1s full of cowboys and miners,” remarked the commer- cial traveler. “Yes,” answered Cactus Joe. “There eren’t any cows nor any mines. But ‘we have to keep dressed up more than ever owin’ to the fact that we've got & motion picture studio.” Time's Whirligig. Bome sudden changes bring dismay As through the world we jog. The “superman” of yesterday Is now the “under dog.” Overdoing It. “A bootlegger is an enemy to so- clety.” “Yes,” replied Uncle Bill Bottletop; “and in this settlement a lot o' folks are too willing to love thelr enemles.” “One of de disappointments of politic: said Uncle Eben, “is dat ‘when you elects a good speechmaker to office he's liable to be so busy dat TAR, WASHINGTON, D. ¢, WASHINGTON . OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE Friends of Senator Arthur Capper durin, of Kansas fear he may have thrown away the chance of being Calvin Coolldge's running-mate in 1924 by voting for the Denby ouster. The leader of the farm bloc pretends n: to cherish any lively ambitions to be Vice President of the United States. He likes Senate life and work and is concentrating his political energles upon prolonging it. Kansas repub- licans are certain to renominate him, and no democrat Is thus far in sight who seems capable of beating him in November. Capper was one of the ten republicans who joined the dem crats in support of the Robinson res- olution. McNary of Oregon, like Capper, comes up for re-election this year. He, oo, evidently sees salva- tion in a record that found him lined up In favor of “housecleaning” on the oil issue. * kX ok There were one or two notable sur- prises when the roll was called on the Robinson resolution to vacate Den- by's seat In the cabinet. Senator Howell of Nebraska, the new and able republican progressive from the Platte - country, was expected by muny people to' follow his Nebraska progressive colleague, Norris, Into 1ka anti-Denby camp. It may be that Howell's attachment to the Navy, which dates from his graduation at Annapolls with the class of 1885, dis- suaded him from action that might have seemed to asperse the service he loves. Howell made a futile elev- enth-hour attempt to.amend the oust- er resolution o as to give it effect only in the event Denby were def- initely proved gullty of malfeasance. Senator Harreld, republican, of OKI: homa, turned up unexpectedly in fi vor of the ouster. His vote indicat that the big gusher state in the south- west feels strongly about the ugl: revelations affecting its prize indu: try. * %k * Washington shortly will lose an- other of its popular diplomats, M. Hussein Alal, the Persian minister, who has been accredited to the United States since November, 1921. M. Alai has been offered and has accepted a seat in the Persian parliament, the majlls, and will henceforward devote his talents to a domestic political ca- reer. Ol huppens to be the para- mount political issue in Persla, as it is at present {n America. There, too, as here, the Sinclairs are prom: nently in the pleture. The govern- ment has granted a concession to the Sinclair group in the fmmensely val- uable northern Persian oil fields, but the grant has not yet been ratified by the majlis It i3 stubbopnly resisted by the combined AngloA’ersian and Standard Oll interests, which claim priority of rights through an anclent concesslon dating back to pre-war times. M. Alal, who s a graduated British barrister, has made many triends for himself and his country his officlal sojourn in the States. * ok k¥ H. Gotdon Selfridge, American merchant prince of London, has been in Washington, attending his ninety- year-old nother, who wasdesperately 111, but who, owing to miraculous re- cuperative powers, recovered suffi- clently to sail back to England with her son during the middle of Febru- ury. Belfridge ix an American who belleves United States citizenship is Worth paying for. To retain the priv- iliges it confers he pays a double ine come tax—one {n Great Britain, where he operates \a chain of fifteen or twenty great department stores, and one in America. It costs Selfridge from $125,000 to $160,000 to remain a citlzen of Uncle S8am's domain, though his business interests are practically confined to the British Isles. Mr. Seif- ridge saw many friends high in offi- clal life in Washington. _All of them wanted to know how John Bull taking to & labor government. “Ram. say Macdonald {sdisappointing every- :»:givy by his intelligence,” was the Unite * k¥ % Samuel Gompers, president of the American Federation of Labor, has completed his memolrs and expects before long to publish them. They ought to comprise a classic and au- thoritative account of the labor movement in the United States and the world during the forty years and more in which Gompers has been a leader in it. No chapter In the au- toblography ought to be more infor- mative or timely than his narration of American organized labor's fight against communism. The Wilson, Harding and Coolidge administrations in succession have found Gompers a potent ally In the warfare which European extremlsts wage unceasing- ly against Amerfcan institutions. Their attempts to “capture” the Fede- ration of Labor have b repulsed from year to year mainly because of Gompers' resistance. * ok % There will be a notable feast of le- galistic oratory in Washington on February 23, when the American Law Institute holds its second annual meeting. At a dinner in the evening of that day Chief Justice Taft will preside, and speeches will be made by Becretary Hughes, former Senator Atlee Pomerene and Judge Benjamin N. Cardoza of the New York court of appeals. Another speaker at the Law Institute meeting will be Her- bert §. Hadley, former Governor of Missour] and how chancellor of Wash- ington University at St. Louls. * ok ok ¥ | President Coolidge recently ap- pointed a postmaster whose name as well as that of his town are both up to the minute—Oll City, Pa, and Hiram Johnson. (Copyright, 1924.) Oxford Club, Razed by Fire, Among Britain’s Most Famous BY THE MARQUISE DE FONTENOY. Only the Oxford men, Americans and Englishmen, now in this country can appreciate the importance of the two- line cable dispatch published here the other day to the effect that the Bul- iingdon Club had been destroyed’ by fire. It was not the value of theé bulld- ing ftself, which was nothing more than an old barn at Cowley, but it was because the club has been for the last near four score years the most famous and aseuredly the most exclusive of all the soclal institutions of this anclent seat of learning. It was founded in the early years of the reign of Queen Victoria by a group of undergraduates in which those of Christ Church, the most important of all colleges, was most largely represented. It was organized primarily for the cultivation of sport, which was of a it_is today, prize fighting without ing and other pastimes which no longer commend —themselves to the laws of the day. It also promoted horse racing, steeplechasing, rowing, {ericket and various forms of athletic { But the main thing about the Bulting- don was its exclusiveness and the drastic_manner in which the member- ship of the club has always been re- Stricted to thirty. The qualitications for admission to the Bullingdon have never been clearly lald down. But the one great essential has been and remains that the candidate for election shall be a “good sports- {man” in the widest sense of that term. Good birth and ancient lineage ];.r.; likewise a sine qua non, and among its members have been the l borough, who Is chairman of the Pil- grims Soclety of Great Britain, and {the late Earl of Jersey, who at the Prince of Wales, when he was at ltlmn of his death the other day was Oxford, like his father, the late King the senior of the triumvirate of stew- including cock fighting, loves, dog fight- Edward; also the Marquis of Curzon id the Marquis of Salisbury, as well as the Earl of Beauchamp, Lord Des- the hoad of the ‘greatest racing tribunal of the world, from whose de cisions thers is no appeal. Other members have been the now octo- genarian but still vigorous and ac- tive Earl of Coventry, the late King Frederick of Denmark, the late Mar- guis of Hastings, the present Earl of Tichester, who owns Holland House in London, and the reigning King of Stam. Of’ the present members—that is to ‘say, young fellows that still have their degree to win at Oxford—are young Viscount Ridley and Viscount Castleregh, son and heir of the Marquis of Londonderry, and the Hon. David Bowes-Lyon, brother of the royal Duchess of York. * k% ok The most characteristic features of the Bullingdon are its dinners, the four principal ones of which take place in the summer term, while the other two are held in the autumn and spring terms. They are very merry and picturesque affairs, at which high spirits’ are the order of the day. One of them held shortly before the outbreak of the great war was S0 wild that Quecn Mary in- sisted upon her first born being hastily withdrawn from Oxford and transferred to Cambridge, while an- other one last year excited the ire of the vice chancellor of the univer- sity, who .undertook to forbid any more being held. The influence, how- ever, which the members of the club were able to command proved more powerful than his conception of his authority as virtual administrator of the university and as the dignitary responsible for the maintenance of its order and discipline. For today the place of Dr. Farnell, then vive chancellor, knows him no more, and a new don possessed of a greater sense of humor and less given to ar- hl#rl;e:fi relgll? in his ldteld. e Bullingdon is supposed to derive its name from the adjacent Bullingdon meadows, which were rented by the club for cricket and other games, and many famous varsity and interuniver- sity ‘matches have - been d_there. There had long been a talk among the present and former mfmbers of the club about the necessity of tearing down the old barn for the erection of a new and more elaborate clubhouse on its site, better equipptd with the re- quirements of modern club life. The old spirit of conservafism of the club bas stood in the way of making the ghange untll now. But since the old bamn rished in the flames nothing else remains but to bulld it up anew. *x %% 1t s difficult for foreigners, .and espe- clally the ordinary American, to compre- hend the mentality of the Japanese, no far more comprehensive character than | ¢ matter how much abreast and even in advance they may be of our western clvilization. When there Is a rallroad accident anywhere on the network of railroads which criss-cross the islands the station master of the nearest sta- tion considers it his duty to rip open his 1 abdomen according to the most app-oved of anclent rules of hara-kirl, or disem- bowelment, practiced since fime inme- morial by his ancestors; lucky, indeed, when he does not endeaver to atone for a misadventure for which he was in no way to blame by throwing himself un- der the wheels of a locomotive, During the war between Russia and Japan, now some eighteen years ago, When a Japanese warship ran upon the ks .on the Manchurlan shore and was called upon by several Muscovite cruisers which appeared upon the scene to lower her flag and to surren- der, the flag was nalied to the mast and then the officers and men by way of squaring themselves in the eyes of their ancestors made thelr atonement for the loss of their ship by committing suicide, the sailors before the mast blowing thelr own brains out or those of their mess- mates, while the commissioned officers, being men of petty noble birth, with one rord bared their stomachs and dis- emboweled themselves in true old samu- rai fashion. * k ¥ % Shortly before Christmas when an unsuccessful attempt was made at Tokio by a crasy student to assassi- pate the crown prince, who was also the prince regent, the entire Yamo- moto cabinet resigned and persisted in refusing to continue In office, al- though entreated to do so by the crown prince. Count Yamomoto and his ministers took the ground that they were responsiple for the outrage, and that such a thing should not have happened, and could not have happened, 1f the government had been jof the three recitals lately given at!pusra)o News points out, | I THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 1924. S i The North Window BY LEILA MECHLIN It 18 seldom that anything is done Wwith perfection—the perfection of art—but the plan originated by Mrs. Frederick Shurtleft Coolidge of Pitts- fleld, Mass., and put into effect last Wweek through the co-operation of the Library of Congress and the Freer Gallery for three chamber music con- certs seems to have attalned to this high standard, not merely musically, but In the matter of arrangement and detafl of presentation. The music, obviously, was more than good. It was, in fact, on a par With the works of the painters and sculptors of foremost distinction, and it was most artistically rendered by musicians of high standing. But over and above all this the concerts were glven In an auditorium beautifully proportioned and designed by an architect who s In every sense of the word an artist. This auditoridm Is, in turn, beneath the roof of a gallery housing exquisite works of art, wherein nothing is found in ex- cess; everything is displayed with due ‘recognition of intrinsic value; in other words, a temple wherein art is rightly reverenced. Furthermore, the program of the concerts. a twenty-four-page booklet, was ariistic in the matter of design and printing, the cover being in two shades of brown with ornamental border adapted from some old French de- #lgn for musical publication—if we mistake not. ¥ ok ok % As was eminently befitting in con- nection with occaslons of this sort, &n air of mutual friendliness and sympathy pervaded the audience and marked the reception of the guests and the Introduction of the players. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS Q. What saint is® Valentine's day named for?—B. P. ' A i A. Valentine was the name given| to several saints and martyrs of the Christian Church. According to the “Acta Sanctorum,” on February 14 is observed the day of seven of them. St. Valentine's day s famous, how- ever, as a lovers' festival, which ac- counts for the hearts, “cupids and darts” used In the celebration of this day, which appears to have no con- nection wlith the salnts other than the name. It is thought to be the sur- vival of an old festival of a similar nature in the Roman Lubercalla. It was observed particularly in England and to a certain extent upon the con- tinent, too; mention of It is found in Chaucer. Q. What nationality is Ramsay Macdonald, the labor leader of Eng- land?—A. P. S. A. Ramsay Macdonald. the new pre- mier of Great Britain, Is Scotch by birth. . In referring to her husband, what title 213 MIE. Urs. Grant use?— A. M. H. A. Maj. M. A. Moss says: “It is sald that with intimate friends Mrs. Grant usually referred to the general as “Mr. Grant.” Q. At how many level do deserts occur? € A. Deserts occur at all elev: from below sea level to many the sand feet above it, and with all rieties of surface. The essential char- acter of a desert is rainlessnes: Q. What is the present status of Capt. Alfred Dreyfus? Was he com- pletely exonerated?—M. S. R. A. Maj. Alfred Dreyfus Is living in retirement in Paris The French Mr. Putnam, the librarian of Con- gress, in a brief introductory address on the first afternoon laid stress upon the fact that sclence and art, which coiild never be joined in wed- lock, had, through mutual respect, Joined hands in this instance to at- tain a desired end—to honor art— and thereby the Smithsonian Instl- tutlon had demonstrated its willing- ness not merely to “increase knowl- edge,” but advance culture. For the Smithsonian Institution, as all know, is the “overlord” of the Freer Gal- lery. * % ¥ % To have had such a combination of the arts and a consummation of ar- tistry of this day and generation is matter for rejoicing. The present tendency Is not, all will admit, toward perfection even in such matters, but to the contrary, inclined to accept “g0od enough” as a standard. In an attempt to popularize art some have gone so far that they have cheapened it. In one of the great art museums of this country during the war & llve plg was auctioned for a war rellef fund. Not infrequently those who would teach appreciation of art descend to buffoonery, believing that the public must be amused and that the way to amuse is to be comi- cal. There is a tendency today to democratize art by interpreting it in the vernacular of “Main Street,” but it should be remembered that there has never been a great work of art, one of superlative merit, produced that has not in time won the plaudits and the appreciation of the common people. * = ok % From another standpoint this series of concerts, so generously given here in Washington as the gift of Mrs. Frederick Shurtleff Coolidge in con- nection with her gift of scores to the music division of the Library of Congress, was significant. It stressed the correlation of the arts, music, literature, painting, sculpture, decora- tion. Not a great many years ago the majority of the boards of directors of art museums saw no reason for including music in the programs of thefr institutions’ activities. Within the past flve years this conviction has been changing, and now, all over the United States, not only art mu- seums but art assoclations have broadened the scope of their interests. The conservative Boston Museum regularly arranges for concerts In its halls; the Metropolitan Museum's or- chestral concerts, under the leader- ship of David Mannes, have beco one of the features of musical York: the Cleveland museum has stalled an organ in its court and has an endowed department of music; the Detrolt museum and the Chicago Art Institute both Include concerts. Word has recently come from Italy that in Florence during the last week of December Perl's opera, “Eurydice. written in 1600 for a fete of Marie de Medici, was revived and given in the great hall of the Pitti Palace, one of the greatest art galleries of the ‘world. * * % F In the introduction to the program dotng its work properly and efficient- [the Freer Gallery of Art mention is Hy. ing that, moreover, its part to adequately protect the heir apparent was nothing less than a crime of the deepest dye, as the person of the prince regent is sacred and divine. This contentlon was thoroughly understood and appre- ciated by their countrymen, and Vis- count Kiyoura, as a result thereof, formed a cabinet composed exclu- sively of members of the house of lords. This aroused the members of the lower house and of the empire generally to positive fury as uncon- stitutional, and a fight which many believe will eventually culminate in a revolution has started against the premier, Viscount Kiyoura, and the house o has found several of | adherents in the upper chamber of {Time the national legisiature, including Viscount Takahashi, former prime minister and one of the most emi- nent financiers of the empire, who has actually resigned his title of no- |cians whose comp: 1t persisted in the view that hav- |made ing failed in its duty it was unworthy | and how they originated. ards of the Jockey Club, and as such | therefore of further confidence, add-|tivals, as many know, are held in a this failure on{ ¢t lords. The popular partyjment 15 most notabis | thelr festivals These fes- of the Berkshire “temple” of music, on South Moun- tain, where they have “as beautiful a setting as autumnal New England can offer” and “are removed from the sphere of ‘social rivalry and com- mercial intrigue’” This 'is the at- mosphere that the well appointed gallery of art gives not only occa- Slonally to music, but invariably to Works of art—an atmosphere condu- cive to the fullest enjoyment and real ation. Tet ts for the reason that the sum- hibitions at the fashionable re- :’gl,exwh!ch within the last few years have become customary, do not maintain this aloofness, but rather reproduce these unfortunate ele- s in exaggeration, that some feel influence has been and is det- ntal. P In a brief greeting, which took the form of appreciation of the musi- ositions were play- bility and descended into the role of |ed and of the musiclans who played a commoner, in order to give free vent in parliament to his views about the unconstitutional action of the ad- them, Mrs. Coolldge, at the last con- cert of the series, referred hopefully ministration. The ex-viscount speaks |to governmental patronage for mu- English_perfectly, is & very popular)g . as a possibility personality and does not recall his life In America with unmitigated pleasure. here, held virtually as a slave by the western American who had promised to educate him. His renunciation of his noblilary titles and honors has created a great sensation in Japan. It was the first time that any such thing had taken place and there was no precedent for the renuncia- in the future. She did not say, however, in what For he spent many years |form, whether it should be through a department of fine arts with a sec- t its head, taking his place TSMATY BY et oficer, of through the establishment of & national conserva- i w;"h:t‘ 31‘:. :ovemmem should rec- ognize all forms of art as factors in our natlonal life and as such give tion of a mx:fi:.m “m}.m_; ‘goen m.‘lf'aI them full and complete recognition Joined the ex: abandoning his hereditary honors, and there has been for instance the Marquis of Tokogawa (formerly the feudal lord of Nagoya and head of one of the branches of the historic house of Tokogawa, Wwhich throu out 400 years monopolized all temporal power in Japan, leaving the Imperial family with merely the ecclesiastical honors), who, denounc- ing the Kiyoura government of peers as unconstitutional, insisted that the attempt to administer the empire by such means could not fail to bring out a bloody revolution. That the condition of affairs in the great island empire of the oplent is very critical and that a popular rebellion.ia on_the cards is generally | ¥ith proper ost desirable, but governmental I rero) of the fine arts {8 not a con summation to be desired. Such con- trol of the arts, even in countries differently constituted from our own, has now proved advantageous, and in this particular many overlook the fact that in a republic the govern- ment is fraternal rather than pater- nal, and that there is a wide differ- ence always between patronage and charity, between encouragement and coercion. What in_other countries the government undertakes for the good of the people in this country the people ,put into effect for' the ¢ all. 3 ‘oagvgrllmanlll recox'nl&(an gf lrti mental appropriations for ar Lt feguards concerning admitted by those who know Japan merit, governmental commissions to well. not against .the - aguinst But it will be a revolution ts looking to the increase of na- rince regent or :l'otulu'u' monuments of lasting value, his throne, both of which are governmental co-operation In the ed- regarded ' as ‘somi-divi) e and, there- |ucation of not only the masses but fore, sacred, but it will be_sn aris- |the specially talented few are in the ing. against the and against the house of lords and Kayoura ministry |line of progress. but governmental control . of -art - would probably. -te toward retrogression, court of cassation reopened the Drey- fus case on July 12, 1806, and quashed the verdict of the Rennes court-mar- tial, declaring that the bordereau was the work of Count Esterhazy, a French officer. Dreyfus was restored to the rank of major on the 13th of July. Maj. Esterhazy fled the coun- try and died under an assumed name in’ London, 1923. Q. At what address can I reach Dr. Coue, who I understand is back in this country? s A. Dr. Emile Coué is at present giving & lecture course in California. Mail will reach him if addressed to the_Coue Institute, New York City, N. T | How often the design of the silver dollar be changed?—J. A. E. A. The design may be changed only once in twenty-five years. Q. Has any banking _system Reserve Bank™ 3 A. Peru has the Banco de Resery @el Peru, an fnstitution which w modeled upon the Federal Reserve Bank of the United States. . Has Mme. Curie visited L'lfited States lately?—G. L. M. A. Mme. Curie visited the United States in the spring of 1921 and wx presented with a gram of radium by the late President Harding for the women of America. “country modeled a upon, our Federal pon, the | | | Q. What is Dutch?—H. V. H. A. Dutch is_the language of the Netherland: The name is derived from Diets hich means the ve Recognition Few subjects of recent interest have attracted as much attention as the recognition of soviet Russia by the British labor government. Opinions {of editors differ widely concerning of the act. “Recognizing Russia is a small be- ginning,” according to the Milwaukee Journal, “for it is something that can be done with a wave of the hand. What recognition will be worth is {still to be tested.” iald does not conslder it a matter of i great practical importance, for “it is {certain that such recognition would {not carry with it approval of all that Russia has done or cancel any just claims against her.” Because, as the tlanta Journal puts it, “it 15 by no imeans to be inferred that Macdonald { gives his blessing to sovietism.” The | Minneapolis Tribune, however, sug- gests treaties, debts, claims and other que: tions.” It is upon this rock the rec ognition is likely to split, in the opin- fon of the Portland Express, because irecognition of British debts he will be pretty certain to encounter an in- superable obstacle to a continuation of friendly relations between the two nations.” "In the case of gland, the it primarily is an_cconomic venture." "But the immediate effect, the Brooklyn Eagle insists, “will be political rather than sonomle,” because trade restoration epends upon the pre struction within Ru ment of transport, the credit. the expansion of trade,” and “many months will pass before British unemployment will de- crease as a result.” . The recognition “will have a trememrdous cffect on Franee,” the Reading Tribune main- tains, as “it will serve further to iso- late the French economically, prob- ably result in the further inflation of the franc and give some impetus to the German government.” The Kalamazoo Gazette, however, declares “the greatest effect of Russian rec- ognition will be felt in diplomatic circles.” inasmuch as “European pol- icy will be profoundly affected by the attitude Russia assumes on the vexed questions of reconstructions.” * %k ok % ‘The New York Times is quick to make the point that “ih the lIong run British recognitton will avall Moscow little unless it is followed by some- thing more substantial, and that is British money.” Although the soviet needs money _desperately, it is the belief of the Roanoke Times that all who know British policy “feel confi- dent that the soviet will not manage to connect with the British drawer unless it furnishes indisputa- ble proof of continued good be- havior.” Although the Indianapolls News regards the recognition as far from final in defining the relations between _the two countries, ‘“the world will gain in knowledge as to ‘whether there {s a disposition on the part of the Russian government to conform to established practices in international relations.” Tt is a bold step, the Boston Transcript concedes, or a_government to take that rests on such insecure foundations asthose on which the Macdonald cabinet stands,” but “it will undoubtedly have. the effect to make easler some sort of understanding between lb- erals and conservatives.” At 'any rate “it is & good beginning for the new Eritish government,” the Sioux City Journal admits, for “it is one conceived of a vision that has a far- ther reach and a broader scope. Europé was in need of such inspira- tion. Ramsay Macdonald will find a new power and a greater glory .{f capable of its application.” There {8 more patriotism than politics in Macdonald’s move, the Houston Chronicle agrees, for “it promises dis- aster only If France persists in her ar- rogant, imperiallstie. -uncompromising attitude; otherwise it promises to right the whole situation and present a way for good understanding all along the line,” - -Inasmuch as there was a sharp advanas .in- stecling on the day recognition came, the FPitts- t above unzm tions | both the significance and the wisdom | The Duluth Her- | t will be interesting to note | the progress of negotiations between | the two governments with respect to.| “when Macdonald comes to demand | foreign | cash | BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. .. 1t helon, Isif diviston of low is‘frequently-confused with Deutsch, the language of the Germans, which is divided into high and low German Q. How many great-grandchildren of Dickens are there . A A. There are nin have all taken part in “Rainbowland,” 2 fairy tale for children, performed a1 Royal Court Theater matir Recently they i - I Q. Why are silo: A.C. V. 2 A. Round silos are more easily re inforced to ‘withstand: the bursting pressure and have no corners v.r ipoc: making it po DAl the green fecd ax tightly as presefce. in a gla round in form? - Q. When was_the making of glk:» discovered >—C. 3 A. Tt is impossible to say when the possibility of making glass wa covered. The disc tributed to the perhaps 4,000 is said that a was being cou sailors from I wrecked Mount Carmel, sandy beach near d fire being laid made. known that Egyptians poss 2ss iy mude from a fusion silica” and alkall. Q. Is h?—R A In © dolphin was sidered u fich. It is in reality an nimal and does not have scales. The mal or {skin is Q. ever been written? A. Hawthorne’s “Scarlet Letter has been tanked as the first if not the only great American novel Q. What is. the derivation of the word tariff?—J. Z. A. It is from the Arabic *ta'rifit.” meaning notification or inventory from " to know. Q. What was the matter with the child labor law that the roarts d cided was unconstitutional? A. The child labor law held un- constitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States was intended to prevent the employment of children under the of fourteen in any mill, cannery, workshop, factory or manufacturing ablishment, ~ and those under sisteen years of age in mines or quar, To _accomplish this it placed a tax of 10 per cent upon the net annual profits of those employing children as preseribed. The Supreme Court held that this was ¢ of the taxing power of the ranment 0! purpose entirely stinct from ra 1even for, hief Justic said. “u court | must be blind o sce that the | so-called tax is ed to stop the | emplovment of ch within the imits prescribed.” Therefore the court held It to be its duty to decline to recognize or enforce laws of Con- | gress dealing with subjects not in- | trusted to Congress,-but left by tha | supreme law of the land to the con’ 'trol of the states, even though it re- quired the court {o refuse to give ef fect to legislation designed to Pro- mote the highest good. (Let The Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, director, 1200 North Capitol street, answer gyou question. The only charge for this service is 2 conts in stamps for ve- turn postage.) | a i Keen Interest in British of Soviet Shown | burgh Gazette interprets this as mean {ing that “eeonomic good, It not politica | well-being, will be one of the first fruits { of Macdonald’s action.” Furthermore. | if the authorit oscow_are _able | to sustain_themsclves. w_York Evening World insists, “the English will profit immeasurably in the future | by their-deeisions’ While the Schenec- | tady Gazette concludes “it does mean | the removing of an irritating interna- nal, petty nagging interference with e Internal affairs of other states and substituting of constructive pacts and pl t as friendly ¢ diplomacy can travel. Par attle Times feels further tha taken by the British gov- ernment probably will spur tie Ameri- an advocates of recognition to greater “or if the British, “who have re extensive private and gov- ims against Russia t find w basis of satic ¢ with the soviet gov- Rochester Times-Unlor ¢ way ought to be opencd similar recogniti £ claims by Tn ernmental cla this Registe possible, wo_ure to ha | and that i ment the pes on our own country have of governm nized fact, News clai govern- for after all . the peopl 1t they lik “f am the master of my fate, L § am the captain of —'"JL"‘J’;‘,ZE:'Y { Frick Went Back and Made Good. So poor were the parents of Henry C. Frick that when he was six years old he started to work on his father's farm, at West Overton, Pa., and could go to school only In winter. When fourteen he had to clerk the country store. At sixteen walked: Pittsburgh's streets for davs until he found an opening as clerk in a retail store, offering $6 a week. In another shop, at $5, he became 0 ill he had to go back home. Recovering, he was given a chancg by his grandfather to be bookkecper and hands man in the mill and tillery tin_the Connellsville region. Borrowing money, he and others started Frick & Co. owr of fifty coke ovens, he being managcn, ! but still holding his position as bools keeper. [4 The coke business grew until t)_\s company had 200 ovens, then the 187 enic forced him to buy out his struggling partners. When he pur- chased -competitors' plants, while coke was selling below cost of pro- duction, people sald that “the youn| fellow ‘llving over the drug sto must be crazy.” t Before he was thirty vears old was a mjllionaire employing 11.03 people in plants producing 1,000,0 tons of coke a month. § As offictal head of the Carneg steel business he turned chaos int success. Then Carnegie got irtg trouble with labor and went to Sco land, leaving Frick the center of the fgreat Homestead strike troubles. During them his favorite- daughter 'dled. an anarchist shot and stabbed i two him and while he was recovering he buried another child. The strike won and the business bullt from $2,000,000 to $40.000.000 profits a year, he had to fight in court efforts to force him to .sell his hold- ings below value. Frick won and later was a director in the Unite, States -Steel Corporation that 1 cluded the Carnegie plants. At the time of his death Frick was / one_of the richest men in the.coun try and moted for his many E tions and for his love for art, ’