Evening Star Newspaper, February 4, 1924, Page 8

g i ki ' THE. EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. 0, I'I’HE EVENING STAR without regard for the division ot | things are not so, but everybody who With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. MONDAY......February 4, 1924 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Businesd Office, 11th §t. and Peansyivania Ave. New Yark Office: 110 East 42nd St. Chicago Officc: Tawer Building. European Otfice: ent 8t., London, England, The Evening Sta edition, 1s delivere city at 60 cents pe centa per month; month, Orders ma; phone Main 5000, Collection is made by car- rlers at the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia, Dally and Sunday..1 yr., $8.40; 1 mo., 70c Dally only. Sunday only All Other States. Daily and Sunday.1 yr., $10.00; 1 mo., 85¢ Daily only. 3 $£7.00; 1 mo., 60c Sunday only 3 '3 Member of the The Associnted Press is exclusively entitlec to the use for republication of all news dis- patches credited to it or 1ot otherwise eredited in this paper and alwo the local news pub- lished ‘herein. Al rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. = with the Sunday morning by carriers within the month: daily only, 45 Woodrow Wilson. An American who has profoundly impressed himself upon the history of the country and ugon the course of world affairs has passed from life. Woodrow Wilson, eight years Presi- dent of the United States, in a time of the most stirring events, has after an illness of several years, begun dur- ing his latter months in office, the direct result, it is believed, of his de- votion to the arduous dutics of his position, ded to death, Mr. Wilson suddenly became political quantity. He was cator of high eminence, head of a great university, when his name was first brought forward as a presidential possibility. He was elected, tirement from his university position, to the governorship of New Jersey, where he °d ably and with con- spicuous success. It was his good for- tune to become a candidate for the presidency at a time of wide division in the ranl of the rty that had been in the ascendancy for several vears. The republican split of 1912 opened the way to the White House for him. He w overwhelmingly elected, and took office a time of peace in the world. W seventeen months the crash oceurred in Europe ' before, s such as, save per- haps in the c neoln, no Ameri- can had ever before faced in the ex- ecutive office. The war was not Amer- ca’s direct -But ine tly this country was affected. out of war™ for two and a haif y ed by the most difficult = problems arising from the turmoil abroad. Then that happened which was destine and the United States was compelled to take up arms in its own defense and for the sake of its highest prin ciples. Mr. Wilson conducted the war, for this country, with vigor and with a single-hearted devotion to the object of gaining victory with t sacri- fice of life. He organiz - making agency with patriotic disre- gard for 1 1 consideration him Ameri s the stake, served America faithfully and ab Then came victory, and with vie- tory came problems such as the world had never before known, problems of edjustment. Conspicuous! statesmen of the world Woodrow Wil- son was in a po on to contribute to their solution. He elected to go in per- son to the peace table in Paris. His declsion was fraught with peril. It involved a heavy physical ifice and manifold dange But he w n: spired with ideals for the good of hu- manity, and putting aside all con- siderations of his own welfare he went to the front, in soldier fashion, and did his utmost to bring about a set- tlement that would leave the world secure from repetitions of the horror and waste of war. He took with him to Paris a plan for universal arbitra- ment of disputes, for a league of the nations founded upon justice righteousne: The treaty of Versailles was writ- ten, in large measure, in accord with Mr, Wilson’s conceptions of the ess tlals of future peace. It contemplated the participation of the United States in a war-preventing organization. The treaty failed of ratification by the American Senate, on the ground that it placed this country in a position of risk to itself and weakened the inde- pendence of America fram the politi- cal intrigues of the old world. Mr. Wilson took the fleld for the treaty, went forth to the country as its champion, secking to arouse the American people to demand the rati- fication of the covenants by which the United States would become a mem- ber of the league of nations. forts were not availing. His appeals falled to evoke the enthusiasm for which he had hoped. The people were saddened by the war, shocked by its losses, sorrowing for their sacrifices. They were in no mood to*take the risk of involvement in European quarrels for the sake of interposing a positive check upon the war-making enterprise ©of foreign governments. ‘Whether it was the disappointment which he must have felt over the failure of the people to respond to his appeal or the direct exhaustion of his forces incident to this strenuous en- deavor or the final surrender of a long-taxed system, strained by the tre- mendous exertions of many months, a n edu- concern. upon re- 1 ably i and | His ef- i opinion concerning the question which be made his supreme tenet of faith. Democratic Readjustment. ‘Woodrow Wilson’s death is expected to entail a political readjustment of the democratic lines, and to affect in a way the course of some of the demo- cratic candldates for the presidential nomination. Naturally there will be a recrudescence of the league of nations project, consequent upon public reac- tion in sympathy with the great ideal of the late President, but it may not register distinctly with affirmative finality and to effective degree in dominant party councils. There is a strong sentiment in the party against stressing the league of nations further \than to indorse the world court enthu- siastically. It is assumed that James M. Cox of ©Ohio, who headed the ticket in 1920, will come forward as the leading pro- ponent of the league of nations. The honor of leading such a movement it might seem to others to be leading a forlorn hope. Former Justice Clarke’s admirers are even now, however, urg- ing him as a most suitable exponent of the league issue. But for his connection with the ofl interests it would be taken for granted that Willam G. McAdoo would fall heir to the Wilson strength in the party. That prospective heritage has apparently been threatencd, however, by the disclosures. Those democrats who think that Mr. McAdoo was dealt a possibly mortal political blow com- ment upon the political mishap to the son-inlaw on Friday and the death of the father-in-law on Sunday, It is held that the democratic lead- ers must now get their heads together in serious conference and close up the ranks that were disturbed by the death of Mr. Wilson. Had he lived he would have been expected to wield a mighty influence in the party, even to the possible extent of influencing the se- lection of a presidential candidate. Senator Reed cannot hope to get any of the Wilson strength. He Is anathema to all the intense Wilson | followers, Senator Underwood was consistent supporter of the league while it was an issue, but lately has been regarded as dubious of the wis- dom of pressing it now as a leading issue. Other potential candidates are ivegarded as likely to take counsel { with the leaders and bend to the will | {of major sentiment as developed In | | party conference. 1 interesting situation is created in the death of Mr, Wilson, which will {challenge the wisdom of the best minds in the party to solve. ——— Wilson's Last Resting Place. While Woodrow Wilson life as a private citizen he { nearly identified with the g ice in the country that his de ian official aspect and bearing ed from was so test of- Tt is suitable, therefore, that the ceremonies | f his funeral should be of a public | | character. President Coolidge has di- jrected. the flag be displayed at half- { staff for thirty days, and that military land naval honors be rendered on the | day of the interment. Doubtless other i honors will be paid to him who has d, occupant of the executive cight years, and foremost figure in American affairs during the s of the world war. Naturally there is some discussion to the proper place of burial. Wood {row Wilson was a native of Virginia, a vesident of Georgia and of Maryland {and of New Jersey at different periods | of his life, and for his eight years cf presidential service and the nearly three years following a resident of Washington. This city was the scene of his greatest services and his most important ac his preceding career wi to the climax of his natior 5 It propriate that here in Washington his remains should rest, and here should rise such physical memorial as may be provided in his honor. Decision on these matters is not yet rendered. It is difficult for the mem- bers of Mr. Wiljon's family to reach a conclusion, for their personal desires are necessarily affected by the public reaction in the matter. The problem will be perhaps met by the decision pending ultimate choice of a last rest- ing place of this great American, who was a citizen of the whole country rather than of any particular state. ———— A few statesmen are managing to register righteous indignation because in the event of a tax reduction Mr. Mellon's taxes would have to come down with the rest. —————— It was the irony of fate that found Gen. Charles Dawes away over on the other side of the globe just when gov- ‘cl'nmcnl.fl developments called for em- phasis in comment. ———— One or two hats in the ring are pointed out to sightseers as remark- ably good hats while they lasted. ——— Hospitality. Just between ourselves there is in the boast of hospitality by certain sections—regional hospitality—a good deal of that quality which men who exercise freedom in the use of secular English call bunk. Hospitality is hos- pitality the country over, and there is miore or less of it everywhere, though perhaps often less than more. We hear much of New England hospital- would seem to be his of right, even if | th has | to effect provisional interment here, | ity, southern hospitality and western hospitality. There have even been stories of hospitality in Scotland. that caused his physical bicakdown may not be ever known. He fell, how- ever, in the ranks, a soldier for peace who gave himself unstintedly and courageously and faithfully for a cause in which he passionately be- lieved. Estimates of Woodrow Wilson as statesman and executive, as patriot and as worker for world peace, will perhaps vary with the partisan views of men. But there will be no dissent .from the verdict that he was a great American, with the highest ideals, with a remarkable equipment for the position which he occupied, including an intellectual qualification such as few, if any, other of the American Presldents have ever possessed. ‘Woodrow Wilson honored the office which he held for the longest term possible In the American system, and he will be mourned by the American people without regard for party and When we speak of Virginia hospital- ity, Maryland hospitality and Wash- ington hospitality one knows whereof he speaks, and can vouch that it is the real article. But even here at the seat of govern- ment and hospitality a pilgrim has complained that a hotel keeper has charged him too much for a room, or that a lunchroom keeper has over- charged him for a plate of beans. No one who knows the District from Oxon run to Chain bridge, and from Greenleaf point to Kalmia street, will believe that any hotel or lunchroom keeper, native and to the manner born, would sting a stranger. Such a man must come from one of the stgtes. As to Virginia hospitality, it is his- toric. There are human lemons who will say that mistakes have been made in history, and that some historic has experienced Virginia hospitality knows that it is O. K. The same thing can be sald of Maryland, though some- times one fecls that where the Farm- ers’ Hotel or the Drovers’ Rest has changed its name to the Green Orchid Teahouse the price for a bite to eat is too high. It you should meet a friend In Massachusetts, Connecticut or South Jersey and pay him a call, with the intention of not staying too long, he might. be reasonably glad to see you and ask you to stay to supper. So hospitality is not confined to any sec- tion, A few evenings ago a man over the radio recited @ long poem that had something in it about “Where the handshake is a little warmer and the heart clasp a little heartier, there the west begins.” There may be more handshaking in the west than in the Potomac valley, but handshaking is not hospitality. Some of the brightest promoters qf gold mines and oll wells have been first-class handshakers, ! ——— Combining Businesi and Pleasure. Plans have just been outlined for the erection in New York city of a large office building which will have some novel and suggestive features. This structure, to occupy an entire ck that has been long awaiting tim- | provement in a busy part of the city, will be thirty-five stories in height, the upper three of which will be devoted to a club for the use of tenants. It will have a gymnasium, hand ball courts, entertainment rooms, game rooms and about seventy-five bedrooms {for the use of club members. In-a ilower part of the building will be an fauditorium seating 830 people for lurge business meetings, sales talks, demonstrations or conventions. Thus the structure will be a “'self-contained” | establishment, meeting every mossible necd of the business man. This is a development of the med- ern office structure idea, which has al- ready Jwought forth some striking de- partures from the former building plah for business purposes. In many ! newer constructions of this character, {n different cities, the social and phy- cal needs of tenants have been some- what considered’ but not to the point of the devotion of more than one- twelfth of the entire space to such Lses as a gymnasium and clubrooms. The dormitory idea, too, is an exten- sion. The new building just planned in New York will have pract 1y all facilities for meeting every need of the occupants. Save for golf and mo- . they can supply all their neces- sities within the walls. There will be no oceasion for them to go outdoors. Presumably those who will be domi- ciled in this combination business building and clubhouse will be bach- | elors. Married.men will not find with- { in it accommodations for their fami- s. The question arises whether this is a discouragement of matrimony. —_————— It may be doubted whether any political benefits have resulted from ! the artistic enterprises which leave no doubt in the opinion of any fair- minded person that the Russians are the best dancers in the world. —_— ———————— Trotsky is to be retained as com- missar of war, thus recognizing his | ank as one of the greatest military | men that ever set a squadron of type- | writers in the field of literature. { —_— —————— So great has been Mr. Doheny’s terprise that a slight difficuity arise in finding some one to prosecute who not had a slight contact with the oil bus en- —_—————— | For the moment interest in the European complications pertaining {more or less to oil lands subside { Uncle Ssam has troubies of his own. —_————— elf is not as im- it was when asso- ¢ pre a name as ciated with “Lenin.’ ———— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILA R JOHNSO! In Boston, when troubles were filling the air | Concerning our foreign relations, Our forefathers planned a distin- | guished affair And swiftly sent out invitations. “Please come to our little tep party, they said, And the people attired quite or- nately, Went out on parade, as a movement they led ‘Which improved our society greatly. They tell us that history brings into view A series of strange repetitions; And now invitations are issued anew To people in lofty positions. The meetings we're sure will result by and by In a praiseworthy, ment. “Oh, come to our Teapotty,” now is the cry, “And assist in our social improve- ment!"” i popular move- | Oversupply. “What would you do if anybody were to offer to show you how you could get rich quickly?” “I'd tell him not to bother me at present,” answered Senator Sorghum. “We've got more investigation ma- terial on hand than we can attend to for years to come.” Jud Tunkins says a man is known | by the company that keeps him on its pay roll. Salad. A trifle green sometimes we are— Pathetic is my ballad— ‘We have the oil and vinegar; But no one likes the salad. Business Restraint. “Would you marry a man for wealth?” | R 0," answered Miss Cayenne. “I'm not oversentimental, but I couldn't think of interesting myself in & man merely because he was a good alimony prospect.” “You can't allus trust @ man be- cause he talks soft an' pretty,” said Uncle Eben. “Dat’s de way a pusson 'spresses hisself when robbin’ a hen roost.” { morrow. {to_the 2 per cent. place of America | Pacific c ! grown { party ‘underntnnfilng is that the sugar in- {able to both parties. He rests. The world.wei The old-time calm of the Of death is swept in | There stands till doom, And all tomorrows will WILSON No stress of war or pain can tire him now. Is on his brow. And that is good to know, but else this hour His yesterday. For peoples small or great or near or far As, down the mending centuries, human feet Hurt-healing Priests of Freedom, ages hence, Will say their matins at hi that scant reverence Of Mine and Thine. e us, Lord, our little barbs of spite That stung, cometimes, his weariness and woe! We plead our mortal blindness, God of Right— * We did not know. ight of the years is past. oughtful poise, at last, iving deeds away. in death-defying power, be days more sweet votive shrine. —DIXON MERRITT IN TODAY’S SPOTLIGHT BY PAUL V. COLLINS The Johnson bill on immigration will be reported favorably out of the House committee on immigration to- It provides for “non-quota” and “quota” immigrants. The “non-quota” Immigrants are the unmarried children under eight- een years of mdmitted “quota” Im- migrants, the parents over fifty-five years of such admitted immigrants, students, professors and ministers of religlon; also skilled laborers, pro- vided there is a shortage here of their kinds of skill. All persons who havo resided ten years in any other North or Central American nation will alto come in as non-quota im- mfgrant. | By these provisigns for “non-quota” | immigrants separations of families, such as have proved tragio under the present law, will be avoided. As “quota” immigrants the new: law will admit only 2 per cent of cuch nationality based upon the census of 1890, plus 200 in addition The Jaw will apply uniformly to continental United States, Alaska, Hawali, Porto Rico and the Virgin Is< lands, but not to the Philipplnes. * ® X % Aside from the broad question of reStriction for all nationalities, the most important single feature is the effect which the new law will have upon the ‘“gentleman’'s agreement” which has applied to Japanese immi- gration for the last seventeen years. By thls agreement the Japanese gov crnment has been put uponyts honor to restrict its laboring class from mi- grating to the United States. No Japancse can leave his own country, except upon a passport is- sued by his government. Such pass- ports, under the ¥gentleman's agree- | ment” with the United States hav been limited to professionals, sti dents and agriculturists, and the United States has been obligated to recognize them without question. This arrangement, it is claimed by opponents, appears equivalent to America’s 'granting “capitulations™ of xtra territorial rights to Japan to ontrol migration to this country in n control. No surrender g ai i ror heen thade by the United States. The State Department declares that pan has been ultra punctilious in following the terms of the “gentle- | 's agreement.” Apparently there | i no reason for its abrogation, ex- | pt that it appears to bring an ex- ess of farmers or truck gardeners, and the increase of Japanese in the t states has been far be- ond_expectation. Jupaneso exclusion, as a political | iscue in the west, is filled with more | “political dynamite” than any other question. There are westerners who concede ~that politiclans use it to tch votes, because of its popularity. * X x X According to the census, Japanese | population in the United States has| as follows: 1880, 2.039; 1900, | 24,326; 1910, 72,157; 1920, 111,010. Of these, California had in. 1920, 71,952, and Washington, 7,387, Taking the 1830 census as the basis, the John- son bill would admit 2 per cent of 39, plus 200—a total of 240.7 per annum. whereas the average increase during the last decade has been 3,900 a year. Undér the “gentleman’s agreement” Hawali was not included in the re- striction of labor (coolie) immigra- tion. There Is a question as to which to the agreement asked that Tawall be exempted, but the general terests of Hawail wanted cheap labor and that the exemption was agree- The population of Hawali is 251,912, of which §7.241 is of foreign birth, and of the aliens, 60,690 are Japanese. * K x ¥ During the last ten years, Japanese truck acreage in the Pacific coast states has increased three or four Treatment of Sewage From D. C. Advocated. To the Editor of The Star. Noting that a committee, headed by Dr. (now Senator) Copeland, is investigating our alleys and alley butldings, with the view to having them cleaned up and put in sanitary condition, the hope is indulged that the same committee will extend its investigation to our sewer system, at least to the extent of considering and reporting on the feasibility of drain- ing the city's sewage on to a tract of land (to be acquired for the pur- pose) where it could be converted into valuable fertilizing material, as is done by the larger cities of Eu- ling influx of oriental standards and {Buddhists or non-believers, times, though it is still less than 3 per cent of the whole. Their gardens produce more food than do American farmers, because they are cultivated more Intensively. Japanese live upon @ lower standord of food and shelter than do Americans, hence the latter cannot compete with them. Californla and Washington have adopted laws forbidding the sale or lease of land to Japanese or to cor- porations in which Japanese hold stock. These laws have recently been upheld by the United States Su- preme Court. The ruling of the lower court contains this state- ment, which is reaffirmed by the St- preme Cour! “It is obvious that one who is not a citizen and cannot become one, lacks an interest in and the power to effectually work for the weltare of the state, and so lacking, the state may rightfully deny him the right to own ond lease real estate within its boundarics. If one incapable of citi- zenship may lease or own real estate it is within the realm of possibility | that every foot of land within the | state might pass to the ownership or possession of non-citizens.” * * * % Citizenship in any country is not an inherent right of aliens; it is granted or withheld by the government golely upon considerations of the country's own interests, The United States has reached a decision that If it Is to be preserved as a distinetive nation, it must re- strict immigration to such as may be assimulated ee citizens. Our Consti- tution bars from citizenship all aliens except “free whites” and per- sons born in Africa, though a Japa- nese baby born even the day after its parents arrive in America is, of right, an American citizen. If he goes to Jopan before eighteen years of age, he becomes a Japanese, subject to military duty. ' Several European nations—France, Ttaly, Greece and others—set up similar claims as to dual cltizenship and this country has acquiesced therein. H * k% America is primarily a Christian nation. “In God We Trust” is In- scribed upon our coins. We are tol- erant as to the liberty of other fnl:lu,‘ but self-guarding against a dominat- { superstitions. There are in California 390 Japanese who profess Chris- anity, but at least 70,000 who are | We al-|{ ready bar Hindus and Chinese as non- | aesimilable. In self-protection, the| Cafifornians protest against toler- | ating Japanese standards in social | matters and customs. Representative Albert Johnson, chairman of the committee on immi- | gration, has said in a speech: “Limit all immigration to persons eligible to citizenship, once and for all time disposing of difficulties which | have arisen by reason of the heavy | colonization on our Pacific coast of unassimilable alien races. The policy of denying United States citizenship to yellow and brown peoples is ap- plauded by students and thinkers, | Dboth here and abroad, who appreciate the fact that because physical as- similation of oriental peoples is im- possible, their incorporation into the body politic is impracticable and un- ! wise. * * e i “It would seem to be reasonable ! and proper. therefore, that we set| up a uniform rule affecting Hindu, | Chinese and Japanese, and all orfental | people alike, providing for exclusion of all who cannot become American | citizens, admitting only those justly entitled {o come as members of the expected classes or temporarily for business or pleasure. * * * No nation | can claim a right to send one or 1,000 | or 1,000.000 of its nationals to 'the | United States for purposes of perma- | nent domicile or colonization. Such | a claim would be incompatible with all the essentials of national sover- dignty. pyright, 1 by Paul V. Collins. vicinity of this great cesspool are af- fected by the offensive and_poisonous gases arising therefrom? Nor can it be doubted that the deleterious ef- fects of the river's pollution extends for many miles south of the city, pos- sibly, as some contend, to nearly the mouth of the river, and I have been informed that not long ago an official report was made by Maryland author- ities to the effect that the charge so often made of the unhealthfulness of the lower Potomac land and its shore iines, if true, was due, not s0 much to local conditions as to the effluvia from the sewage of Washington city. We are justly proud of our beauti- ful city, now :he most attractive in all the world hs well as the most de- sirable as a place of residence, but. surely it is not possible for us to lay 1 ] | a period that was fraught with gra rope, the use of the Potomac river|tpe flattering unction to our souls, as the city’s cesspool to be thereafter |“we are the most favored of mortals,” discontinued and strictly prohibited. | When we contemplate that we make In this connection attention 1s called to the fact that the sanitary engineer of the District reports that an average of 70,000,000 gallons of sewage 1s emptied into the Pot8mac river dally, and that the waste matter from our several hospitals (laden doubtless with fever disease germs) is included in the sewage thus dis- posed of; also that one of the main sewage outlets is below the mouth of the Eastern. Branch, while the others are at the Agueduct’bridge and in the vicinity of*Deanwood. It will thus be seen that our entire river front, the Potomac Park and the tidal basin, or “bathing beach,” are exposed to the offensive effluvia and polson gases arising from these enormous sewage deposits, averag- ing, as already stated, 70,000,000 gal and have for many years made a| cesspool and converted into an open sewer our most historic and beauti- ful river, the noble and majectic Po- tomac, and that even our most sacred shrines, Lincoln Memorlal and Mount Vernon, can only be visited through exposure to the offensive and dele+ terfous atmosphere arising therefrom. While our government has made large expenditures at home and abroad in_ cleaning up plague and fever-breeding places, thus far it would_seem to have overlooked its own Capital city in the vitally im- portant matter herein referred to, and until public sentiment is aroused and concerted action is taken, it is not likely anything will be done to remedy the evil. I feel confident, however. that The Star, ever ready and willing to further the interests Woodrow Wilson Rt, Rev. James E. Freeman, D.D., Bishop of Washingt The passing of Mr, Woodrow Wil- son marks the clogs of a career that commanded the deep interest of the world at large during what may be regarded as the most critical period in human history. He came to his high office with remarkable in- tellectu: ®ifts and a background of historical knowledge concerning American fnstitutions that gave him a perspective of infinite value in dealing with the problems as they confronted him. The early traditions of his home life affected to a re- markable degree his point of view regarding large publlc questions. Upon the shoulders of no Presldent in the history of this republic have weightler burdens been placed. He was called upon to deal not only with large questions that affect the life of this country, but with those more complex questions that affect the life of the nations generally. There will always be wide difference of opinion concerning the methods employed by men in publio office. From Washington down to the pres- ent bour presidents have been the victims of stern and critical Judg- ment. Too frequently this judgment has lacked balance and falrness. We have not as yet learned to disso- clate principles from party policies. The man whose convictions are less fixed and definite is freer from criticlsm than one who stands un- flinchingly by the thing he belfeves to be right. Mr. Wilson's utter ab- horrence of war, with all its at- tending barbarities, led him to espouse certain principles that he believed might bring us to a warless world, a consummation devoutly to be wished. While men may have differed with him concerning the method by which he sought to accomplish this, the high purpose to which he consecrated himself must give him a place of enduring distinction among the great statesmen of all time. We are bound to believe that the great Impulse that moved him was born of his reverence for the ideal of Jesus Christ as ‘ex- pressed in His second great com- mandment, “Thou shalt thy love nelghbor as thyself.” * %k ok % America has not ceased to respect and revere the man who is willing to &0 down in the fight for the thing he believes. Caustically and critically it has been said of him that he was an idealist. Let us belleve that this was true concerning him, for if ever there Was a time when we needed the ideal- ist it is the present. I believe there is a growing conviction In the mina of our people that the thing he fought { for and for which he actually gave his life must come to pass—perhaps not in the precise form that he presented it. He counted not his life dear unto himself, but was willing, if need be, to give for the thing he believed “the last full measure of devotion.” 1 recall an incident that happened during the great war that illustrates his fine sympathy and ready response to the heart appeal. An officer of the Army, a man of splendid qualities and gifts, had been tried by court-martial and ordered dismissed. It fell to my | lot to present the case to the author- ities in Washington, an§ subsequent- Iy to the President. In the midst of a crowded day he gave me a ready and generous hearing and disclosed the most profound interest in the story 1 presented to him. He followed with the greatest care all the incidents in | the case as disclosed in the trial, and at the end of the interview said. “I am grateful to you for bringing this matter to my personal attention. It appears to me from what you have told me that possibly an injustice ha been done the officer. If you will ask my secretary to brief the case and lay it on my table, I will review it to- night.” He did so, and in five days dismissed the sentence, elevated the officer in question to a higher grade and sent him to France. The whole interview lingers in my memory as the disclosure of an ele- ment in his nature rarely recognized | by those who criticize him, namely, | a tender and sympathetic interest as well as an affection for those who had suffered misfortune, In the great office he filled through | ve perils he did not claim to be im- peccable or infallible. Like ever man, he made mistakes, but he wi take his place in history as a man of commanding power, of singleness of purpose, with consecration to a great ideal, and these entitle him to the unfailing respect and esteem of his fellow countrymen. Recalls Old U. S. Theft. | Writer® Relates Defalcation Dur- ing Buchanan Administration. To the Editor of The § A prominent writer for your paper, speaking of the recent developments in the ofl affair, stated that no such public scandal had ever before been charged to a cabinet officer—with the possible exception of a case in Grant's administration, which was not proved. He repeated this statement by radio to many thousands of listeners a few nights later. Any person even moderately ac- quainted with the events of Buchan- an's administration will recall an ac- tual embezzlement or defalcation, charged and proved, and that two cabinet officers were chiefly con- cerned. Strangely enough, it was the Secretary of the Interlor whose funds were missing, but they had been taken by another, the Secretary of War, who was held to be the principal in the affair. Toward_the end of December, 1860, as related by Nicolay and Hay, it was suddenly announced in Washington that “An embezzlement of near a million dollars' worth of Indian trust bonds had come to light, and kept the Federal city and the whole country in a ferment for nearly a week. A de- p@rtment clerk and a New York con- tfactor were in prison, but the re- sponsibility had /been brought home to the Secretary of War so pointedly that three days before the President had requested his resignation.” “The bonds were found to have heen taken from the vault where {hey should have been kept, and the notes of My. Floyd were substituted for them.” One million then meant as much to the government as twenty million would mean now. Floyd resigned next day and wai seen no more at the Capital. It ap- pears that he had paid out hundreds of thousands of dollars to contractors for work that had not even been lons daily, and, of course; increasing | ¢ washington city, will do its part. | started. He was indicted by a grand with the gmnue of population. Needjess al serlousness of the situation is greatly augmented through the action of the incoming !(desi up stream to ain or_Little Falls. Is it not algo safe to assume that large areas of the atmosphere in the Should the pollution of the Po- be discontinued and prohibited, we might reasonably hope and expect respect' to the upper and lower Po- tomacs and their tributarfes. WILLIAM SMALL. jury, but in the tremendous events to suggest that theliomac river within the Diatrict limits | of the ensuing war the whole affair was lost sight of. This letter is not written with any casrying the sewage | that the states of Maryland and Vir- | other object than to set right the imost the Chain bridge ! ginia would follow this example with | facts of history. If I am in error in any part of the above statements I % ady to be corrected. tand re e L. C. DUNCAN. MONDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1924 i ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN Q. What part did Gen. Smedley Butler take in the world war?—J. F. K. A. ‘Gen. Butler went overseas in the late summer of 1918. Up to that time he had served in this country training troops. He was commander of Camp Brest, France, from October 15, 1918, until July 31, 1919, He was awarded the United States distin- gulshed service medal in 1919, me;‘t;vl;n; Yas the first man in this nstall a gountzy to insta athtub in his A. The first bathtub in the United States was installed by Adam Thomp- son, & wealthy grain and cotton dealer of Cincinnati, in 1842, He had lately returned from London where he had heard that the prime minister had such a device. On December 20, 1842, he had & party of gentlemen to dinner, all of whem tried out the new invention. The following day, the story was In the papers and Thompson was attacked both by doc- tors and politicians, We do not find that Thompson was required to pay @ fine, but the discussion In connec- tion with the bathtub resulted in va- rious measures for the restriction of their use. The common council of Philadelphla considered an ordinance to prevent any such bathing between the months of November and March, Virginia laid a tax of $30 per year an all bathtubs and extra heavy water rates. In Boston there was an ordinance forbidding thelr use except on medical advice. Q. What materials should be used for evening dresses for wear in the Philippines?—A. A. M. A. Georgette and chiffon are both satisfactory for such use. Silk dete- riorates rapidly in that climate. Q. How many different hands can be held in auction bridge?—F. E. A. E. V. Shepard in the Auction Bridge Magazine says that the 65 600 different hands that m dealt may be distributed among four play n 53,644,737 539,237,440,000 different ways. Q. What was “job"? R. R. A. Bok cleaned the show window of a bakery 50 cents a week. When ho was twelve he was an office hoy in the Western Union Telegraph Company. At nineteen he was a stenographer. Bok became editor of the Ladies Home Journal when he was twenty-six. Q. Who is the mavor of Boston, and is he a republican or a democrat? —A. C. A. The present mayor of Boston is James M. Curley, a democrat. His term will expire in' February, 1926.. Q. What is the meaning of the word “Epiphany” and what is the feast of the Epiphany?—E. H. The name “Epiphany” means manifestation and in the 'Christian Church the feast of the Epiphany celebrates the visit of the magi or wise men to the infant Jesus at Bethlehem, and the manifestation of Christ as the Savior of the world. Q. Did _Schubert idly?—F. F. A. In_ one hubert wrote dward Bok's first compose rap- period of two years metimes said that iver flows uphill?— The basis for s the idea that “up’ ch a statement is away from the center of the earth and “down™ is toward it. If these were the only meanings of the words, then it might be said that the Mississippi river flows uphill, for the polar radius of the earth is over thirteen miles shorter than the equatorial radius and as the Missiasippi river extends over 18° of latitude, its proper pro- portion of this difference amounts to more than four miles, the river's source being that much nearer the center of the earth than its mouth. Q. What Is tho name of the ruler of Japan?—K. M. H. A. The ruler of Japan . the Em- peror Yoshihito, who suaweded to tho throne July 30, 1912 “n 1900 the emperor was meivied to_ Princess Sadozo, by whem he fias four sonms, the oldest of whom, Prince Hirohito, Was nam” regent in 1921, on account of the £ ins health ot the emperor. 1. Who the original of the leading wnaracter in “The Sear Rover,” by Jack Lodon?—R. G. A. prisonas 1§ San Quentin ngmef Morrell was the original. When ke waes o boy, he was a member of aw outlaw gang in California. Ho was captured and condemned to lifs Imprisonment. Because he rebelled he was condemned to years of soli- tary imprisonment in a dark cell. For long periods he was placed In a “jucket” into which he was strapped as tightly as three men could laco him. Morrell found that whils he was being tortured he could hypno- tise himself. His experiences wero incorporated in Jack London’s nove'. Q. Why doesn’t it kill_a bird to alight on a live wire?—A. E. R, A. The Biological Survey says that small birds are seldom killed by alighting on a trolley wire, even though it carrics a heavy current of electricity. This is because there is not a complete circuit. If a larger bird were to alight on a wire, and one of his wings touch another wire, it would apt to cause death Sagles have often been killed in this wa Q. Who was Calamity I R, A._Calamity Jane was an_ Ameri- can'Scout and mall carrier. She was,* an aide to Gen. Custer and Gen. Miles in numerous campaigns and carried mail between Deadwood, S. D.. and Custer, Mont. Q. —R. A @ What is meant by keel hauling —D. R A. Keel hauling was a form of punishment inflicted in the navies of the British empire and the Nether- lands. By means of tackles usually on the foreyard arms the offender was hauled from one side of the ship to the other underneath the keol Weights attached to the feet insured the sinking of the culprit Jane?—1, ‘ls Zane Grey a man or woman? M. Zane Grey, the author, is a man. Q. What are drop biscuits?’—R. & A. Drop biscuits are made just as other baking powder biscuits are ex- cept that more liquid is used. Th biscuits should be of such consi ency that they may be dropped from the spoon upon a baking sheet or tin but not thin enough to cause them to spread. (Let The Star Information Bu- reau, Frederic J. Haskin, director. 1220 North Capitol street, answer your questions. There is no charge for this service except 2 cents n stamps for return postage.) Twelve-Mile Rum Pact Backed As Wise Policy on Part of U. S. . The sigping of the British-Amer- ican rum treaty is regarded by many American editors as one of the most remarkable international agreements ever reached. Certainly, it is the opening gun in the tightening up of the Volstead law and enforcement of the eightecnth amendment they agree. With Great Britaln setting the pace and reaping benefits other maritime powers are expected to consider sim- ilar treaties, thus establishing the right of the United States to adequate authority in its coastal waters to en- force its domestic laws. So long as we are golng to have a hone-dry law on statute books, it should be en- forced to the full limit of the nation’s ability, most editors agree. This ix particularly emphasized by the Grand Papids Herald, which re- gards the treaty “as the most potent step toward actual prohibition in this country that has been taken since the adoption of the elghteenth amendment. Probably never before has any nation agreed to such aban- donment of its accepted rights for the sole purpose of enforcing the domes- tic laws of another nation. If now the Dominion of Canada, inspired by London's example, will sincerely c operate in eliminating the booze traffic across our northern boundary line. still further progress can be mad The Cleveland Plain Dealer heartily indorses. this opinion and with re- gard to the American concession of allowing British ships to bring liquor under seal into American ports, de- clares “it is merely an act of fair- ness. though evidently required as a formality under the Supreme Court We never belfeved that intended, or had the right, foreign ~ships doing what is now to be conceded by treaty that English ships may do. * ok x x The Pittsburgh agrees that our concession “is a slight compensation to them for what we gain, though they esteem it highly. Bocause, as the Des Moines Register sees it, “there can be no threat to our prohibition laws . in this conces- sion, while the aid our law enforcers will obtain from the treaty will virtually abolish the rum-running business.” That it is a simple ex- pedient, but an efficient one, con- templated in the treaty, the Colum- bus Dispatch further assents, be- cause by “forcing the ships which bring liquor under a foreign flag to Temain a good many miles farther out, the e ency of our enforcement officers -along the coast will be in- creased several times over.” The treaty is also viewed as the forerunner of similar pacts with other maritime powers, the Salt Lake Tribune suggests, because “negotia- tions are already in prospect with the Netherlands and some other coun- tries, while still others have indi- cated informally their willingness to take up the question.” = Furthermore, “final ratification will give to the American government a_formidable means for putting an end to the ac- tivities of the rum smugglers off the seaboard.” The Chicago Daily News insists further “the treaty should be ratified. It is a reasonable compact which strengthens tha rational cause of prohibition. Opposition to it is ot ltkely, but full discussion should convince the moderate drys that ship liquor stores under seal in nowlise jeopardize the success of the eight- ‘eenth amendment.” * k Xk * The ultra prohibitionists, no doubt, will challenge the treaty, and pos- sibly #he power which it presumes, the Philadelphia Bulletin agrees, vet so far as the vital interest In na- tional prohibition Is concerned, what- ever inlet might be opened by such a privilege for foreign ships would be as a pinhole compared with the wide open sluice through which the rum fleet pours its cargoes into the Atlantic seaboard.” The Haftford Times, however. feels that even the Gazette extreme prohibitionists will probobly think “it is not desirable to try to use the Volstead act as a club to make the ocean dr Of course. the treaty raises a con- stitutional question which will cer- %0 to the Supreme Court, and d to embarras e of embar: Baltimore Sun points out, but is a presidential vear and it may well to propitiate the prohibition yote At any rate. the Springfield Republican claims “Mr., Hughes en- tertains no doubt that the United States Supreme Court will sustain this section of the treaty in case it is attacked in litigatic For if Congress was within its rights in registering the exception in the case of the Canal Zone, the Syra- cuse Herald holds, “there can be no doubt of the v-making power to make ti on to the Brit- ish marine.” Any he policy of excluding from our ports all vessels carrving liquor of any kind was a policy which might easily have caused resentment and bitter alter- cation, and could not be kindly re garded by the nations of Europe in the opinion of the Utica Observer- Dispatch, which insists the Senate “ought most certalnly to ratify the treaty.” COURAGE “I am the master of my fate, “I am the master of my fate, —HENLEY. Patterson, the Toll Collector. John H. Patterson climbed to suc- cess at forty, then had to start over in a new business, while frisnds laughed at the business. He disliked farming, but was born on a farm near Dayton, Ohio, and had to work on it, in spare time, until L+ was graduated from Dartmouth. Then, no one wanted “to hire a col- lege man.” and a friend secured his appointment as toll collector on thd Miami and Erie canal; hours, twenty- four a day; days, seven a week; re- muneration, $10 a week. To make more money, he also sold coal. In six years he saved $250, then bought a dying coal vard. Elght years later he and his brother owned several yards, mines and part of a railroad. Then for big things. Eastern men were to finance the business into a gigantic company, and he sell the jcoal. The financing failed, and he got out, taking a heavy loss. When he bought into the cash reg- ister company friends laughed so loudly that he offered $2,000 to the seller to take back the stock. Then he learned that the basic patents were not included in the purchase. Not a bookkeeper, a manufacturer or a mechanical équipment salesman, he, now forty vears old, started in the tottering business. Ho named it the National Cash Register Company. Within a year the company was in- solvent. Patterson's methods were called “crazy,” and he had to sell his share in the old farm to buy out dis- satisfled stockholders. Business grew. Back came a big shipment of registers, defective through poor workmanship. Welfare work to promote efliciency and plant enlargement caused all Dayton banks to shut down on his credit. A New England financier advanced the money. Basic patents bought. his campaigns founded on the owner- ship resulted in his having to plead guilty, in_court, to the technical charge of “conspiring to build a mo- nopoly.” At_the time of Patterson's death the National Cash Register Company had 10,000 employes and had sold 2,000,000 cash registers in every part of the world, and he was a multi- { millionaire. (Copyi it, 1923.) ’