Evening Star Newspaper, February 4, 1924, Page 6

The passing of Woodrow Wilson brought words of tribute from men of all stations today to the great war President. Those high in government offices as well as those who have at- tained places of national leadership outside of official life joined In ex- pressions of sorrow for his death and praise for his accomplishments. President Coolidge, In a proclama- tion declaring a period of official mourning, said that Mr. Wilson's high motives and sincerity of purpose had made a new place for America !n the affairs of the world. He had led the nation through the trials of the great war, the President said, “with a lofty idealism which never falled him.” Mr. Coolidge asked that his proclama- tion be accepted as his eulogy, too. Tributes from Cabinet. Some of the more prominent men who paid tribute to Mr. Wilson, and their remarks, follow [ Secretary Hughe: ‘The nation has I I i go down in history as one of the Breatest of war Presidents.” Senator (democrat): “No man has voiced so nearly the hopes and aspirations and prayers of men and women throughout the world—no man, at least, who has walked the earth in 1,000 years. Like most prophets and seers, he was de- stroyed by those who oppose change. Yet, 1f this world is to find any escape from war, any International agree- ments that make those who speak different tongues dwell in peace, ;h;y must follow where his footsteps Jod Caraway of Arkansas Senator Simmons of North Carolina (democrat): “He was one of the best products of American manhood. His natural endowments were superb. His ad- ministration will always rank in con- structive statesmanship, high Ideals and breadth of conception, with patriotic devotion to duty with that of any man who ever occupied the office.” Senator Brookhart of Towa (repub- lican): “Woodrow Wilson will remain one coupled ! THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., MONDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1924, Political Fate Took 28th President From College Campus to Head Nation in Crisis | OFFICIALS JOIN IN TRIBUTE TO SERVICE OF WILSON Headed by Coolidge, Men Prominent in National Affairs Express Sorrow at His Passing. Twenty-eighth President of the United States and the first democrat since Jackson. to serve two succes- sive terms, Woodrow Wilson occupled the presidency during elght years of such world upheaval and turmoll that his proper *place in history cannot be assigned to him until his con- temporaries are llkewise assigned to their niches. Certainly he ranks as one of the great war Presidents of the Amer- ican republic and he exercised such an influence In world affairs as never before attached to his office; Empires . crumbled, thrones lapsed, the map of the world was made over and under his administra- tion the country abandoned its policy of isolation and became an active participant .in world affal In all of that he took a powerful hand. No biographer could attempt to assess processes which began in his da. !and with his participation have come to a conclusion. An obscure lawyer. oy nature a man of letters, he became an edu- cator and won his first attention from the public as president of Princeton University. Then by the strange of a political system he became nor of New Jersey and later, col- him accurately and in full, until the | HIGH LIGHTS IN NO OF FORMER TABLE CAREER PRESIDENT WILSON Born December 28, 1856, at Staunton, Va. At the age of two years he moved Wwith his parents to Augusta, Ga. In 1870 the Wilson family moved to Columbia, 8. C. the father taking the chair of pastoral and evangelistic theology In the Southern Presbyterian Theolog! cal Seminary. At the age of scventeen years he entered Davidson College, at Davidson, N. C. Entered Princeton mous class of '79. in 1874 and obtained prominence In the fa- In the fall of 1879 took up the law course at the University of Virginia. In May, 1882, opened up a law office at Atlanta, Ga. Married to Miss Ellen Louise Axton of Atlanta June 24, 1885. 1 Began his teaching career in the fall of 1885, going to Bryn Mawr. From Bryn Mawr he went Wesleyan University. Remained at Wesleyan until 1890, when he was called to Prince- ton to occupy the chair of jurispru ce and politics. ¥ Elected president of Princcton in 1902. Rerigned from Princeton in September, 1910, when he was nomi- nated eandidate for goyernor of New Jersey, marking his first entry into politics. Election followed in the fall, columns for the first time since 1 placing the state in the democratic 892, On July 2, 1912 in Baltimore, Md., nominated for presidency. Elected President in November. Wife died at the White House, August 6, 1914, December 18, 1916, remarrizd, his second wife being Mrs. Edith Bolling Galt ofsthis city. Refusal by T'resident Wilson t o recognize Huerta, followed by the Wilson, Hailed as Peace Messiah of Peoples, LedAmerica Through Greatest Turmoil Evans Hughes, who left the Supreme Court bench to become a candidate. The issues of that campaign were very much muddled. The democratic slogan was “He kept us out of war.” Mr. Wilson's election, however, was by a very narrow margin. The re- sult trembled in the balance three days and finally turned in his favor, when California finally flopved to the democratic column by a few votes. Mr. Wilson got 277 votes in the elec- toral college and Mr. Hughos got 254, President Wilson actually assumed his place as commander-in-chief of the Army and Navy. He took the leading part in planning America’s participation in the war. He insisted | from the first for a unified command on the western front, for vigorous measures to curb the submarine menace. He personally initiated much of the war legislation, such as the passage of the selective service law, the creation of the Shipping Board, the war industries board. the war Labor Board and a multitude of other arms of the government for carrying on the struggle. He de- voted his whole being to the war, seeing nobody and thinking of noth- Ing else. Some of his days probably were llke Lincoln's. It was President Wilson who con- ducted the correspondence with Chan- cellor Max of Germany when the re- quest for an armistice came, and once i the Germans lald down their arms he | turned his thought wholly from war to peace, telling his friends that, while Germany must be made to pay GRAYSON ONE OF TWO MEN CLOSE TO WILSON TO END Son of Country Doctor Intimate of Roosevelt and Taft Before Last Great Attachment. By the Associated Press, Many friends and confidants came into Woodrow Wilson's life after he entered the White Ho Many also passed out. Of all those who cam two notably remained to his dying moment. One was his physician, Rear Ad- miral Cary T. Grayson; the other was Bernard M. Baruch, the New York financier and counselor on the intri- cacies of the post-war problems. Of the two, Mr. Wilson's relationships with Dr. Grayson were the more per- sonal. The bond between them was almost as a feeling between father and son. Mr. Wilson's friendship f. Mr. Baruch, although personal also, was sustained on the foundation of two minds that ran along together | on common caus Grayson, the confidant and friend of two Presidents bLefors Wilson, brought to his chief touches of H ture which many declared re not part of natural equ'p- ment. > iiress, v t, painful N for a d ¢ by Gra mended to young to duty. 1 on er hu man, who He boe- and physician it on, his friend e pulled, no in- the disposition of coveted posts in Mr hand seemed W this mode 50 devoted 0 poli fluenc r later, one ol may now Introduced Mrx. Gult. leon's de Miss Helen t Wilson's Hous: met Wood 1 Whits se the voters of the republican 4 a pro- party were divided between Theodore sending of the United States troops to Vera Cruz. tributes Adoption by the President of terms of strict neutrality toward [to her full ability, Europe must not lost a great leader, of outst anding | of | have another Alsace-Lorraine. Tent W ability and character, whose services | ca the outstanding figures In Ameri- found respect for those i Gent Wi n history. will be ever memorable. The tragic| experience through which President! Wilson passed, and the noble forti- tude with which he bore his afliction, | has evoked the deepest feelings of, sorrow and sympathy. ! Secretary Hoover: “We all grieve! at the loss of a great American, who truly gave his life for national serv- ice.” As time softens the asperities of | the war, his stature as a great leader | through a great crisis In our national jife, his nigh courage. and his spiration to lofty action will bring to him the high appreciation and! deep gratitude of all our people.” | in- | Secretary Weeks: “All Amerlcans! gricve at the passing of Woodrow Wilson. His strength of purpose, his courage and his' loyalty to his ideals caused that admiration and respect which now accentuates our sorrow. He expended his strength and vitality | in the service of his country. and leaves as a heritage an example of public service which should ever in- &pire his countrymen.” Secretary of Labor Davis: “Wood- row Wilson was a sincere friend of iberty and peace. He will go down in history as one of our great Presi- dents. An ideallst, forgetting at times the practical, he’ was unable to fc- complish all that he desired. Through- out his long public carcer he was a friend of the people: he sacrificed and :l;fml;edco?xndl gave his life In service o ntry s de: 1085 to the navon. oin 18 & Ereat Now the Oniy Living ex-President. Chief Justife Taft: “Mr. Wilson in the latter vears of the war and in the year following the armistice was the greatest figure on the world's stage. No man in a century wielded more power and influence. He was born to command with confidence and courage, and events gave him an op- portunity to lead men not given to any other in our history. “He was a man of very high ideals and great force of character to pur- sue them. A deep student of govern- ment, a scholor of widest culture, & writer and orator of happy, apt and beautiful diction, he brought to the great place he held most exceptional faculties. “He will live in the ideals preached and sought.” he Dr. Grayson: “It was my privilege to be Woodrow n's friend as well as his physician, .and it would be difficult to put in words the af- fection for him which grew during nearly twelve years of close personal assoclation and confidence. “It will not be for me to express my estimate of his ideals and his character and leadership, nor for me 1o write his epitaph. Time alone wlil do_that. But in sick days and well, T have never known otherwise such single-minded devotion to duty as he saw It against all odds, such patience and forbearance with ‘adversity, and finally such resignation to the in- evitable. “T once read an inscription in 9 southern country churchyard. It sald ‘He wae unseduced by flattery, un- awed by opinion, undismayed by dlis- aster. "He faced life with antique courage and death with Christian hope.’ “Those words, ords of mine, Wilson.” better than any describe Woodrow Willlam G. McAdoo, former Secre- tary of the Treasury: “Woodrow Wil- son always will be one of the most commanding figures of human history. Judged by accomplishments and achievements, taken In all, he is per. haps the greatest man America yet hag produced. “He was a rare combination—a charming companion, & ripe scholar, a Christian gentleman, & consummate leader, a superb stateaman, a daunt- less figure, a noble idealist, a lofty soul. and a genuine lover of man- kind, “He made & matchless contribution to his time In the flelds of politics, economics and letters. “He was the champion of peace, of :uman brotherhood and of world or- er. “‘Out of his sacrifice and sufferings, borne with superb dignity and with sublime courage, the good he has sought to do for humanity will in- evitably be realized. “His example and his work will in- fluence the destiny of civilisation™ for centuries to come. “Woodrow Wilson the man is dead, but Woodrow Wilson the apostie of peace, the lover of mankind, will live forever.” Senator McKeéilar, Tennssce (dem- ocrat): ‘‘He was the one great outstanding figure of the most remarkable and far-reaching war ever fought among men, and I never doubt that historv will ‘give him the highest place among both American and world statesmen. T was his great admirer and warm friend, and deeply deplore his death.” Senator Reed of Missourl (demo- crat): : “The country and the world pro- foundly regret the death of Woodrow Wilson. For four years he had L.en a tragle figure, and his suf.crings have evoked the deep sympathy .of all the people, regardless of political or other differences of opinio: Senator Sterling of South Dakota (republican): “The death of former President Wilson removes from the scene one who for nearly eight years was a commanding figure In the affairs of his country and the world. While I could not agree with many of his policies, I never had occasion to doubt the sincerity of his purpose.’ Senator Copeland of New York (democrat): “By the death of Woodrow Wilson the United States and the world have Soth lost a 1 President po: ain aloof ness of character which prevented the enthuslastic acclaim of the multi- tudes. I predict that history will glve Woodrow Wilson one of its high- est places.” Senator Couszens of Michigan (re- publican): “Hig intentions were always good: his integrity was above reproach, and Lie dled In the interest of his country. 1 have no doubt, as time goes on and hates are outgrown, he will | famous fourteen points. | Breatest crials, Woodrow Wilson | den demise All men wiil- approve eption of world peace. best expressed in his Human sel- fishness prevented him from realizing these points in the treaty of Ver- sailles. That, doubtless, was the fundamental cause of the failure of the treaty in the United States.” his great conci This was Senator Robinson of Arkansas (democratic leader of the Senate): “As the leader of our country in its is passing into history with opinion divided &s to the justification of his policies and the merit of his motives and achlevements. When confukion has given place to calm conviction, | he must take high place among the renowned of all ages.” Senator King of Utah (democrat) “The really great men of the world are few, but in every crisis Provi- dence blesses humanity with a prophet and leader. Woodrow Wilson is the outstanding figure of this century He was the truest exponent democracy since Jefferson, and noblest character since Lincoln.” the Senator Pat Harrison of Mississippi (democrat): 3 “The world has lost its forem cltizen. In every home. in every pl upon God's green earth where civi ized people gather today the name of Woodrow ‘Wilson will be spoken with sorrowful respect if not with reverence and affection. He could not be spared to see a fruition Ideals. but his influence for peace will be felt throughout the ages to come. While the angel of death has merci- fully relleved his sufferings. so pa- tiently borne for the last four vears, his passing nevertheless fillls the hearts of his fellow countrymen with an overwhelming sense of grief.” Senator Pittman, Nevada (demo- crat): “I am deeply grieved by the sud- of former President Woodrow Wilson. In the impartial pages of history his name will be written among those of the greatest statesmen of all time. He will be enshrined in the hearts of all lovers of peace. The downtrodden and the distressed everywhere will glorify him as thir greatest champion. and as time goes by the feeling of love, respect and admiration will grow warmer and stronger. Senator Walsh, Massachusetts (democrat): “In the death of Woodrow Wilson | one of the great flgures of the world has passed away. He was the world’s outstanding leader when civilization was in the balance. He courageous. 1y volced the hopes and aspirations of mankind for freedom and demo- cratic institutions a8 no other states- man of our time. Unfortunately for the world, however, intrigues of Eu- ropean statesmen prevented the real- ization of the idealism he preached. What he sought to do for world nrogress and peace was bartered in { the_ European diplomacy mart. “His administration as President will long shine as a beacon of ad- vanced liberalism. “As one who admired his patriot- ism, his idealism, his scholarship and his devotion to duty, 1 mourn his death.” Senator Heflin: “The forces at work before hia birth had set them- Seives to the noble task of producini a truly great man, a man destined %o be & useful and mighty power in his day and generation. As teacher, author and statesman he was superb and masterful. His constructive lead- ership while Preaident resulted some of the soundest and most bene- cial legislation ever enacted by the Congreas of the United States. As commander-in-chief of our Army and Navy, and mouthplece for the allied armics during the great world war he Won the admiration and gratitude of lovers of liberty the world over, His Work in the interest of world beace will live long after his traducers have all died and been forgotten. And when the true-history of his time all be made up he will be recorded 8 as one of the country’'s greatest Pres- | idents and one of the world's great Senator Swanson: A “I heard with profound sorrow. of the death of former President Wils Our relations were cordial and in mate and I had opportunity to take the full measure of this remarkable man. Mr. Wilson ‘was the finest type of a true Virginia gentleman in all that term implies that I have ever known. He was the soul of courtesy and polite consideration. He was of a most kindly disposition and very considerate of the feelings of others. It was a source of great pain to him to wound any one and he was fre- quently imposed upon by those who knew of this characteristic. He was patient to a marked degree and this trait constituted an element of the greatness. Mr. Wilson was most en- tertaining, his conversation being re- lete with humor and many delight- 'ul and_apt {llustrations and ec- dotes. Never have I known a great student or reader possessed of more entertaining and sparkling conversa- tion. Of all the intellects with which I have been brought in contact his was the clearest, the most vigorous d the most masterly. As speaker d writer he I8 a model ever to be studied and emulate Senator Carter Glass, Secretary of the Treasury In the Wilson cabinet: “Now that he is dead, what can one spy who knew him well and accepted his philosophy but that the greatest human flflan of the century has fallen. I think his death will inspire those who believed in” him with a feeling akin to that which was so incomparably expressed in the Get- tysburg address. It will make them highly resolve that the divine ideal for which Woodrow Wilson literally lived and for which he actually died shall not perish from the earth.” Dpeaker Gillets: 5 o “Mr, son was & man of extraordi- nary intellect, of briliant wm‘{of ex- ssion, of inflexible will, and of fixed deals, who occupied ‘Rllce of unsur- pasaed power at one of the world's t crises. He therefore will always a historic figure.’ - Representative Garrett, leader of the House: “We may have to wait half a century or even longer to know just what his place will be, but it is certain that his (Continued on Eleventh Page.) democratic e of his| in | Roosevelt and William H. Taft, he became President of the United States. During his cight years of power he ed the gamut of human emo- | victory, defeat, courtship and | marriag responsibility for 1 Idinll a nation into war with the collateral responsibility of bring it back again to the ways of peace, and, finally, a dally struggle with death. Hailled and Hissed by World. He had heard himself hoiled by the millions of Europe as “the god of peace” and heard his name hissed by the same milllons. Acelaimed at one | time almost as a new Messiah, hel heard himself excoriated and de- nounced as an autocrat and worse at | home and abroad. No other President | since Lincoln was so worshiped and | hated;: no other President since Roosevelt hnd such friends and such | e Through it all he preserved | 2 outward calm, while the grim de- | royer which Hovered close about | m during the last months of his occupancy of the presidenc followed Lim relentlessly to the m it home | where he lived the ways of a retired gentleman and knocked at his door every day until it was at last opened. After having borne the burdens ofy oW President, he dertook the! task of making a peace which he sincerely believed would be a lasting one. and, although he succeeded in getting FEurope to accept it in large! measure. his own country rejected it.! wore himself out. suffered a stroke of paralysis, which led to his death, and deciared -through it all that he would have been happy to give his life for the success of his efforts. | Was Precedent §masher. | Woodvow Wilson was a precedent | smasher from bezinning to end. He| began by reviving the practice of | Washington and Jefferson in deliv-| ering his messages to Gongress in| person; he finished by actualiy leav-| His was the responsibility of iding when a count orn by conflicting sympathies dy to throw ftself into the great world war, and when the mo-| ment came he took the responsibil-| ity of throwing in the men and mil-| lions which turped,the scale to vie- tory. Whatever an army of Boswells may | write. that will be the part in which | he will be best remembered by com- | | irg generations. i | Born in Staunton, Va., December 28, 1 , of Scotch-Irish parentage, he was christened Thomas Woodrow | [Wilson, and he was known in early life as “Tommy." After he \\'nl! graduated from Princeton in 1839 he {was known only »5 Woodrow Wilson, His father was Rev. Joseph Rug- gles Wilson, a vierian. clerg: man, and his was Jessie { Woodrow. : When he ws | fortunes of his {ily to Augusta, jlumbia, S, C. !seventeen Thor {entered David- {there soon to ¢« !graduation at |law at the Univ {in 1882 hung o Ga. Mrant ars old the k the fam- er to Co- the age of irow Wilson but left fon. After he “studied Virginia and shingle in At- ne he courted the daughter of a Savannah Pre erian clergyman. {They were married in 1885 and had | three daughters, Margaret, the - eld- | {est, who aid not.marry; Jessie, who! !became tie wife of Francis Bowes| Sayre, and Eleanor, who became the wife of Willlam G. McAdoo, Secretary {of the Treasury during her father's ‘administration, and later presidential laspirant. Mr. Wilson once said that as a | young' lawyer he wore out the rug | in his office walking around the desk { waiting for clients, so he abandoned a legal career and went to Johns Hopkins University, at Baltimore, for a postgraduate course in letters. | While there he published his first ibook, “Congressional Government,” & {study in American politics. It evoked cffers of professorship at Bryn Mawr and Wesleyan and won recognition at home and abroad. The young man who wrote of the defects of the| American_political system in 1883 found himself to deal with them later. Having written in a depre- | catory tone of the tendency toward autocracy in American Presidents, he lived to hear himself called the great- est autocrat of them all and to see | a resolution declaring his office va- | cant on those grounas introduced and | tabled in the Senate. Successively, Mr. Wilson became professor of RKistory and political economy at Bryn Mawr. and at Wes- leyan University and later professor of jurisprudence ana political econ omy at Princeton, where, subsequen 1y, he was made head of that insti- tutlon, Meanwhile, Prof. Wilson had gained high reputation as a writer, Some of his works, with the date of their production, were as follows: “The State Elements of Historical and Practical Politics” (1889), “Di- vision and Reunion" (1893), ‘‘George Washington” (1896), “A History of the American People” (1902), “Consti- {tutional Government in_the United States” (1908), “Free Life" (1918), “When & Man , Comes to Himself 915), “On Being Humln"{(lBlG). n Old Master and Other Folifical Essays” and “Mere Literature and Other Essays” were among his ea ller writings. His state papers, notes to belligerent governments and ad- dresses to Congress, would fill many volumes. Given Honorary Degrees. The honorary degree of doctor of | laws was bestowed upon him by Wake Forest College (1887), Tulane University (1893), Johns Hopkins (1802), Brown University (1903), Har- vard University (1907), Willlams Col- lege (1908) and Dartmouth College (1908). Yale made him a doctor of literature in 1901. 2 Life was & pretty well settled affaln for him while he was president of Princeton. Its great oaks, shaded lawns and historio halls_furnished the settings in which Mr. Wilson did much of the literary work which later was to &ttract the world. He probably had little thought of being snatched into the maelstrom of poli- I | versity, | family man on small pay, and as late the warring nations abroad. Re-elected President of the U ‘Warring note sent to the kais icans, following the sinking of th Goes to Co Germany be declared existent. Salled to France, December 4, 1 in Vcrsailles peace conference. Returned to_the United States people of his policies on the peace Sailed again to France, March Signed the peace treaty of Ver ress, May 28, 1917, nited States, November, 1916. er against wanton murder of Amer- e Lusitania, May 7, 1915. , asking that a state of war against 918, for the purpose of participating February 24, 1919, to acquaint the terms. 5, 1919, les, June 28, 1919 Returned to America, July 8, 1919. Began tour of the United States wllh'u speech in Columbus, Ohio, Continued tour until taken {ll at Wichita, Kan,, Septembe: in behalf of the league of nations September 4, 1919. 26, 1919. On advice of physiclans returned to Washington, arriving in Wash- ington September 28. Relinquished the Executive Mansion to President Harding, March 4, 1921, and took up residence at Died February 3, 1824, 140 S street. at Washington, D. ¢ ‘“SWM - - - attention in the fight for preserva- tion of democratic ideals at the uni- but he lived the life of a as 1910 was e-ml»m‘n\ullng retiring chers’ pension. N"l')\“nw)near Ih‘v' Inexorable force of events came into evidence. The tide which “sweeps on to fortune’ began to rise about him. Nominated for Governor of New Jersey in a political And in the fight he broke his health. | gituation about which many interest- things have been said and denied \with equal fervor, he was elected on the democratic ticket, and imme- diately took on the state “bosses” for PIIOWINE UIIYM IWqUIOD JO punol the attention of the country. In the Jersoy legislature he found the young lawyer, Joseph P. Tumulty, who be- came his private secratary and biog- rapher. Charged With Radicalism, ing Political opponents charged Gov. Wilson with radicalism, but he drov ing American soil and going to Eu-|his program through. The outstand-1 gislation was the “seven sisters aws" a serles of bills drafted under his direction which dealt with trusts New Jersey up to that time, becaus of itx corporate laws, had been called a_rendezvous for monopolies. Gov. Wilson’s nomination for the presidency at_the democratic con- vention of 1912 in Baltimore was one of the dramatic spectacles of Ameri- can political history. It was a battle royal which brought him victory jafter more than forty ballots, Champ Clark, the venerable and be- loved speaker of the House of R resentatives, led Wilson in the earl voting~—in fact, polled a majority of the delegates. history a democratic national con- vention refused to give the neces- sawy two-thirds to a candidate who had gotten a majority. Willlam Jen- nings Bryan, himself the nominee of three previous conventions, led the fight against Clark- in _one of the bitterest contests ever conducted in American politics. heart—he never forgave Wilson or Bryan—and he opposed Wilson's pol- icies in Congress repeatedly. Clark knew he lost not only the nomina- tion, but the presidency, for the con- test between Taft and Roosevelt as- sured such a rift in the“Tepublican vote that the election of a democrat was all but inevitable. Clark Saw Victery. The convention realized this, for the man who nomfnated Clark de- clared: “We meet not only to choose a candidate but to choose a President.” At any rate, Woodrow Wilson got the nemination and won the election with 435_electoral votes. Roosevelt got 88 and Taft got 8. Mr. Wilson came ! to the White House on March 4, 1913, signalizing the return of the democ- racy to power after successive de- feats of sixteen years. Immediately he galvanized the country, appearing before Congress in perdon, publicly denouncing ‘a vicious lobby,” which he charged was attempfing to Influence legislation in \\'nmflllwn‘ and launched a legislative program which Inculded repeal of the tariff, revision of the currency system, new styles of control of the trusts, the creation of many new govern- | mens agencies and such a multitude of other legislative busini that Congress and the country had diffi- culty in keeping up with it. Made Congress Dance. Congress thought Theodore Roose- velt L‘r"dlctn(or' and an ‘autocrat,” but it soon found itself dancing to Woodrow Wilson's tune and at first it danced.very obediently and with very little grumbling. Mr. Wilson early confessed that he had a “one- track mind,” and he proved to Con- gress early in his administration that he knew what he wanted and how to get it. He had a cabinet, it was true, but he consulted it after he had de- termined what he wanted to do. When he wanted & bill introduced in Congress he frequently drew it him- self and if it hesitated on passage he summoned the leaders—and it passed soon thereafter. In dealingdwith the cabinet he did his own thinking and conducted much important business of the various departments direct from the White House. g Hardly had Mr. Wilson gotten him- self turned around when he had his first foreign_situation to with. It was with Mexico and was a legacy from the preceding republican ad- ‘ministration. The republican chfef- tains said they left it for Mr. Wilson because. they didn’t want to embar- rass him in dealing with it. The democrats declared the republicans had ‘“passed the buck.” It came to a orl ‘when Huerta, the dictator, seized the reins of government and President Madero and Vice President Suares were murdered. Mr. Wilson bad very fixed idi of his own on puccession to the presidency by as- | sassination. e * Withheld Recognition. He thought it pretty general in Cen- tral Alnl“lsa and he told confldantes it was going to stop. He withbeld recognition from Huerta and the situ- lllgn boiled until Huerta troops at- tacked some American bluejackets at Tampico and Mr. Wilson ordered the occupation of Vera Cruz by the Amer- ican Army. The officlal reason given for thé occupation was that the Ger- man ship Ypiranga was about to land arms and ammunition for Huerta and For the first time in| It broke Clark's | United States demanded a salute to | the flag, which, critics of the Wilson | administration took delight in point- ing out, never was gl Events in Mexico solved their own problem in & few months when Car- anza, another newly risen leader, ejected Huerta, who fled American troops weere withdrawn from Vera Cruz. But Mr. Wilson had_had experience with Mexican affa he did not recogni ithe | In fact, no government in Mexico w. recognized for ten years—long after Mr. Wilson had gone out of office. The Mexican problem came back to a. republican administration for settlc- ment. "W, hful alone Mr. Wilson's, Critfeized for “Weakneas.” Mr. Wils n was much criticized for | “weakness the Mexican : said he saw i jted States caught hehind its i propose to be en | Mexico at such i the world war Woodrow Wil memors son passed aw (& yorld taking i bout him, he too { her body to her girlhood home in { Rome for burial. The MOSL Pr ated with his . jand returned alone to . White House to face his burden. Mr. Wil- | son's friends always said that from { the first Mr. Wilson saw it would be | Untte in. |a world war and that the ates eventually would be draw {But he realized that the coan‘ry drawing its population from the states of Europe which were going to | war would face a much divided sen- timent and a very difficult situation. His first words to his countrsmen were a caution to strict neutrality. Advised Neutrality. Mr. Wilson's efforts were devoted !to keeping his country meutral until {the submarine outrages began. He {was at first unable to believe that the atrocities had the sanction of the German government, but was vinced when they sunk the L That incident brought the first rift 1in his offical family. Willlam Jen- nings Bryan, Secretary of State, an ] course and left ‘the cabinet. I~ Mr." Wilson, neverthele: lahead and warned the German gov- jernment against sacrificing the lives of American citizens. Through a diplomatic correspondence which con- tinued for two years, the President built up a record which reached its climax when he handed passports to Count Johann von Bernstorff, the German ambassador, and asked Con- gress to declare war, which it did With that the President led the n tion into the tremendous effort be- fore fit. Meanwhile, with a world about him, Mr. time for an affair of the heart. He had met Mrs. Edith Bolling Galt, the widow of a Washington “merchant. Their courtship was swift and they were married December 18, 1915, here were no children of this sec- nd marriage. Second Victory Close. A presidential election had inter- vened before the country went into the war and this time Mr. Wilson's republican opponent war all | one one: | waiting” was not | avowed paclfist, opposed Mr. Wilson's | ! went Wilson had found | P! was Charles War Drained Vitality. It was quite a different Woodrow Wilson who sat in the President's chair when the war ended. With hair whitened and face lined he showed the effects. He had learned { something about men and human na- ture. He had learned, he told a friend, “that some men become great and others swell up,” but his pen- chant for doing things himself never had lessened. He wrote state papers tand read them to the cabinet after- ward; he became impatient with men { who 'disagreed with him and fre- | quently dismissed them. He quar- reled with friends, who in turn re- proached him with being ungratefu but he always Kept on his course havinz onece decided upon it. Peace in sight, Mr. Wilson decided to go to Europe himself and take a hand in making it. Congress, no {longer the suppliant handmaiden it |was during his first administration, jroared its disapproval. Mr. Wilsen | assured Congress that In the day of | wireless and cable it would know all ihe did. As a matter of fact, he told | Congress very little of what he was doing, or anybody else, for that mat- ter, until it ‘was done. That was not {Mr. Wilson's way. The result was {that he committed the United States {to the league of nations and was re- pudiated. Many . Wrote of Work. | President Wilson's participation in the memorable peace congress had been described by many pens, friendly {and unfriendly, and his part was so indelibly written in recent history that it needs little attention In a brief resume of his life' works. The statesmen of Europe were charmed by hie oratory, his wit and ihis way when he was convinced he | was right. Then the sparks flew in {the secret meetings he had with Lloyd George, Clemenceau and Orlando. He was determined to .have a { | } peace that no nation could accept one | without accepting the other. The op- | posing statesmen found that only by letting him have it could they get the provisions of peace they wanted. The result was a treaty in which all g0t something, and it was denounced Ly its opponents as a breeder of wars rather than a treaty of peace. 1t wouid require a large volume to tell all the interesting things that happened to Woodrow Wilson while he was participating in making th treaty of peace In Paris in that hi toric_ winter of 1918-1918, It would require another volume to tell the { engrossing story of diplomatic ma- neuvers, ments fhat attended it. Publication of either at this time probably would iresult in the creation of Annanias { clubs on both sides of the Atlantic, and certainly would not add to good feoling among peoples who are 1ook- ing forward to an end of wars and an era of peace. Awarded Nobel Prise. Woodrow Wilson himself would not wish it. When, in 1920, he accepted the Nobel peace prize for being “the person who has promoted most or best the fraternity of nations and the abolishment or diminution of stand- crease of peace congresses,” he sald: «“The cause of peace and the cause of truth are of one family. Whatever has-been accomplished in the past is petty compared to the glory of the romise of the future.” Woodrow Wilson liged his last vears and dled in *the glory of the | promise of the future” confident that right, as he saw it, would ultimately prevail. He never lost faith in the league of nations, but he lost faith in some of the human beings who were its inevitable elements. He closed his eyes confident that as a man of letters and a President he had done his best for humanity, but that his best was not all that he might have wished. Time alone can write his epitaph. Wilson, as Executive, Shattered Precedents in Conduct of Office! President Wilson brought with him { to the executive chalr some ideas of { his own as to the conduct of the office. He cast precedent aside in many things_and played, the official game as he thought best. For more than 100 years Presidents of the United States had transmitted | thelr recommendations to Congress concerning legislation by means of ! messages, and had kept away from | the halls of Congress to avold charges that they were trying to influence a separate branch of the government. Mr. Wilson, instead of writing mes- sages, jumped into his automobile and went directly to Congress with his views, reading what he had to say trom a prepared document. During his term of office he sent few written communications to that body, and on all tmportant matters he appeared be- fore the two bodles in joint session and told the assembled congressmen what he thought best for the country. Often Had Used Capitsl Room. Frequently during his term the President availed himself of his priv- ilege of using the presidential room in the Senate chamber for confer- ences on important subjects, foreign and domestic, with democratic and republican lenator; Before that Presidents went to the Capitol only tics ang war, He drew scme public the occupation was to preyensit. The in the closing MT to sign bills, > They did not go to press upon the legislators thelr views as to what should be done. For doing this he has_ been charged with tampering with a separate and independent body that _should_not be influenced from the White House or anywhere else except_by public opinion. The Presi- dent, however, maintained the posi- tion that he was sponsor for the pub- lic thought of the country as to leg- islation, and that it was his duty to transmit the opinions of the voters to Congress in any proper manner. He never considered it improper to deal personally and directly with senators and representatives. In fact, Mr. Wilson was so dlsre- gardful of precedents and prejudices that Fridays and the thirteenth of the month, even when they fell upon the same day, were looked upon as his lucky days. There were no “hoo- doos” for him. His intellectual at- talnments frowned upon supersti- tlons and he never hesitated to start any large undertaking on Fridays or the thirteenth. He signed his name with thirteen letters and he often stopped after doing it thirteen timel One President of recent years shared the superstition®that if he spoke of his heaith being unusually good he must touch wood or {liness might overtake him. It was about his only superstition. Not so Mr, Wilson. Filled Only Important Positions. Mr. Wilson smashed the long- existent idea that the White House should be & mecca for patronage dis- tribution and T)lrrel!» len he came into office he turned over to his cabi- net offi the duties of going through all applications for office and | his personality until they bumped | ! into his tndomitable will o do things | league of nations covenant so insep- | arably Interwoven with a treaty of) intrigues and dramatic mo- | ing armies and the formation and in- | which grew into close fr companionship, Country Doctor's Son. Dr. Grayson was the son of a ginia country doctor, orphaned in lite, who took his hard knock while getting an education. From | his father and from experience he | probably inherited the innately he man conceptions of nature i & only the old-style country doct) guires them, and these he brousht to Woodrow Wilson. The public mind most associates this physician. about whom it has heard so much, with the illness and deafh of Mr. Wilson. But long he fore Woodrow Wilson ever was he of as a presidential possibility. Grayson was a naval officer, to the White House as President Roosevelt. e something about hun nature, bi trees and animals, particularly borse he was not in becoming Col! Roosevelt's aide and companion. There were other aides to he Sur but this young Virginia doctor. miodest, even to the point of beir sy, soft spoken and intensecly loval in his convictions and fricudships, the one President IRoc picked out when he wanted a com panion for some exciting hors bac ride or something strenuous. Rode With Roosevelt, The American people we ea | when President Roosevelr, jlx!;:l‘” o show some army officers’ that b asked of no one something he him- | 1f would not do, made his famous | ninety-mile horseback ride fro Washington to Warrenton d back in a cold sleety rain that froze i it fell. Nobody mentioned that D Gra; ndship and guided the President's horse w his spectacles were coated with i Tresident Roq son over to President recommendation for loyalty won Mrs. Taft's heart.with pathetic ' devotion to her health. Woodrow Wilson had nev of Cary T. Grayson wh into the White House 1913. On that day ¢ the affairs of men which, to the flood. leads on to fortune Attended Mrs. Wilson. ral physicians of the A Navy, including Grayson, were s tached to the White House. Inaus ration day with its spectacl splendor lured all but one of from the fixed post. Grayson el to_remain on duty. The first Mrs. Wilson as s step through the Whitd House portals in | his s | delicate T hes recommendations to him. He w: consistent in following these recor mendations. In this way he kept | out of the dissensions over jobs, and | jthe cabinet oflicers had to stand | the “cussing” of those who became |sore. ~Mr. Wilson gave personal at- | tention_only ' to_important _diplom | appointments, making his own {tions in the majority of cas that understanding with William J Bryan on the Nebraskan becoming | Secretary of State. Mr. Bryan attend- | ed to the smaller appointments in the { diplomatic and consular service, but {the President chose the men for the | i big posts. 1 : ‘While Mr. Wilson's responsibilities i were enormous, he carried them with { ease, and did not let them follow him | into his private life. Under the direc- ! tion of his physician and friend, Dr. | Cary Grayson, he took plenty of time i for recreation and the maintenance of | {his health. When e was Governor of |New Jersey he established the rule !tat Saturdays would Dbe holid with him, and he brought this rule | the White House. He followed the rule, too. Few Saturdays found him | considering official matters, and vis- | |itors were not allowed to reach him | | on that day. He played golf or rode, | generally playing golf each Saturday {morning and taking a long automo- | | bile ride in the afternoon. After his | marriage to Mrs. Galt his turday automobile rides were extensive, co ering all_parts of the country ! cent to Washington. Golf was_the favorite outdoor recreation of Mr. Wil- =on, and when not pressed with offi- !clal business he played the game al- most every afternoon that the weatheg | permitted. His companions were Mrs Wilson and Dr. Grayson. He avoid the golf courses that were crowde and went where there were the few- est players. He did not ask or expect privileges on the golf courses not | enjoyed by other players, insisting that the rules of the game be followed as to rights of players, positions, etc. Belleved in Plenty of Sleep. Mr. Wilson did not take up any | of thé physical development fad did not call in any boxers, wrestlers |or trainers to keep him in physical shape. He believed In a reasonable amount of outdoor exercise and plenty of sleep to ward off the ills of life. If he was tired out from long attention to official duty he went lto bed and slept for eleven or twelve hours at a stretch. Often he went away from Washington for several days at a time on the Mayflower, his yacht, to be sure of getting Sufficient sleep and rest. He liked water trips. Mr. Wilson enjoyed pretty good health after he entered the White House. He had a liver just like any | ordinary man and on four or five| occaslons it was unruly and out of sorts, requiring Dr. Grayson's service to bring it back to normal duty. He had bad colds—in fact, a good many {of them—but when he showed signs of colds or grip Dr. Grayson put him | to bed and compelled him to stay there until he improved. Dr. Gray- son was a rather stern boss when the President was sick. Mr. Wilson was a good stenog- rapher and typewriter. He pre- pared all important speeches and messages himself. He first put down his ideas in shorthand and then tran- scribed the notes, with corrections and additions, upon his own type- writer. Several years ago a fanciful newspaper writer represented 'the President’s typewriting machine as He had old and dilapidated, frequently that would be objectionable to others than the President. Mr. Wilson didn't like the story, because he had a new aking machine and he knew how to write ing letters and doing many things; Departme in a converss with Mr. her d the to her hus! the ysi- commen- » had be until Tt that he 50 of- lat cral of t d Diffienlt Poxt, on evelt | 1ot <on Jearned t into mod wonder son would er nature. u is one who in. Closest the first w curt « shea u o nt was his typewriter e to spo roing fore & and often in the ey Punctunlity a Characteristie, w hat _tim er the Presl- ¥ of inti- inderstood This plan en cach visjto time, & never knew dent who ke 3 ule, Mr. Wi work in h aftern s o'clock each to his luncheon | He se hute. numbe de no ferenc directly a4 wasted rtial details. teen minutes in groups, with mong them wirh- aind arguments. woman who la what to be said 2 with inconseq Noted over 1 cers int no tir Visitor: were those several ing to ma WILSON IS HONORED AS FIREFIGHTER Ry tie Associated Pross, GULFPORT, Miss the death yesterday of Woodrow Wilson the Gulfport hook and ladder fire com- pany lost an honorary member, who oh- tained a place on the roll because of an incident that occurred nearly eleven vears ago while the then President was spending a Christmas vacation at Pass Christian, near here, The President, his others arrived in Christmas morning. Carrying out orders to devote himself entirely to rest and outdoors, Mr. Wil- son sidetracked all affairs of state and devoted the days to goif or motoring. 1t was on one of his motoring trips when the President discovered smoke rising from the roof of the house. of Judge J. H. Neville. He rushed to the rn the occupants. who did he place was in flames, lo opened the door and im- recognizing the President, in- vited him to come into the parlor. “Not Mr., Wilson cried. “T think your House is on fire and we've come o put it out.” He then took command of the battle against the flames, and, with the assist- ance of his party, soon extinguished them. The Gulfport hook and ladder. company arrived on the sceme jusi as nt's impromptu fire com the touches to v fire con Wilson _an, February 4.—In amily and severat Pass Christian on not _re pany ¢ honorar tiol. ’ the orgunizas ( \