Evening Star Newspaper, January 27, 1924, Page 35

COMMUNISM DISCREDITED CONSERVATISM MAY RULE One of Two Leading Disciples of Destruc- tion Gone, New Era May Be Ushered In. BY OLIVER OWEN KUK LNIN, one of the two great arch-conspirators against the Very tenets of civilizatlon as established through centurles ©f progress upward, is dead. The other, Trotsky, who has brandished threats ‘against all nations and Promised extinction by the commun- 1,!“0 sword, is so 111 there are grave doubts that he ever will assume an important place in the Russian revo- lutionary scheme of things again. These two men, one the brains of the movement, the other the execu- tioner, brought about Russia’s physi- cal collapse. Through a welter of Dlood of hundreds of thousands of Russians who dared resist inroads of l:\e communistic principles in Russia, through the period ot com : z 1 plete dis- integration of the economic, soelal and financial fabric of the nation, once_ consisting of 130,000,000 souls, fnd in the application of far-fetched Marxian doctrines, these men rode |u!hles<ly in perpetuation of their own interests. They overthrew the ol Russian government that there mnight be democracy, tocalled. They ¢stablished in its stead a regime that Was absolutely arbitrary in dictator- ship. cold-blooded, merciless, in Its attempted extraction of the ver Toots of settled order and progress. Religlon and its works were flouted. Women in the carllest stages of the revolution were made as harlots the common property of the public and state. Wealth disintegrated, nmediums of exchange passed. Once thriving in- dustries were gutted Across the far reaches of Russia the peasant deprived of his markets and means of obtaining grain to plant, that he might live, was grip- ved With famine. Gaunt forms with distorted faces cluttering the country sides of Russla and its highways were grim evidences of the efficacy of the pananceas wh sky sought to graft once prosperous. eve horne down by unwise govermental dictates. Reach Out Into World. And with the stench of their vie- 8’ blood in their nostrils, with the | thrill of hand-wrought chaos in their velns, and brains heated by their own self-glorifi n, these men reached out with insidious wiles and more open effrontery to carry their ldeas of national “salvation,” to all other | nations, From their troop-guarde quarters in DPetrograd. the from JMoscow, they wers to rule the world onto a nation, | ! {and advance and h Lenin and Trot- | though it was: tions. But before Lenin died the world saw repudiation of a major portion of the {nternal governmental policies which he had first espoused. Where capitalism, for instance, was once banned, he admitted it a neces- sity to a going Russia. Trotsky cven, was compelled to take a more mod- erate viewpoint when he found that instead of holding & rose he had ashes in his hand. The communist party began to divide into divisions composed of those who desired to cling closer to Marxfan policies and those who would adopt in larger measure those tried and true princi- ples responsible for the greater part for the world's advance. Conservatives in Power. The council of commissars and other divislons of the communist party in Moscow which hold the bal- ance and power in things governmen tal today are composed in the main of more conservative members of the Russan revolutlonary school. They too. have became imbued with the revamped views of their dead chief- tain. j foot forv that Russia may live ake her place in the galaxy of nations. Mere theory has been found wanting. Practicalitles once more are considered within the light of reason and common sense. It may be expected that within the next few months the present governmental regime in Russia will go far toward reaching rapprochement with other nations of the old world d the new, but until it has completely itself of revolution: ideas there is little chance that Russla can progress. But it believed certain that Mos- cow makes large pretense in this in the general scheme of agreement with the principal European nations. and particularly inasmuch as at the moment Russia has an opportunity o concluding some ve desirable ar- { rangement: Macdonald May Ald Caune. 1t is believed that the ascenston of { Ran Macdonald to the premier- <hip of Great Britain alone will be long stride in the rejuvenation of jRussta. Macdonald, though combat- ing soviet principles as first applied, ! and renouncing them as applicalile to England, nevertheless is of open mind and if he can see where England can undoubtedly will recognize Rus with agreements whereby there will be closer working arrange- ments with Moscow. ngland thuy will be the first large natlon to recogs nize the de-dangerized Moscow gov- ernment and as a conscquence of sub- sequent trade relations it is believed will oceupy an enviable position in ard through the medium of an elaborate communistic organization known as the Internationale. The crack-brains of the world flocked to bend humble | knee and with flattery and begulte- | ment perpetuate their own ends. To the leaders in Moscow went reports | of progress In all sections of the | old world and the new. Concelt fat- | tenad and world viewpoints became | dwarfed. Their propaganda con- | tinued and continues today even | under the very nose of the American | government. Klaborate plans were laid to garrot decency. order and progress for the implantation of Marxian doctrines, in themselves repudiated by the degree of Russia’s chaos ! Needless to s Lenin and Trotsky " in the flush of their victory discred- ited their principles by their own ac- tions. There v ho democracy., was no progrese. there was no led order, I in their stead a repudiated nation, starving people. ruination and damnation at their very hearthstones. 1 | | ail to Gain Agreements. Secing that the world was begin- ning to suspect, sensing the fact that the first principles of the revolution could not infiltrate to the rank and file of the people of the world®| who really thought and were battling for general human advance. Lenin and Trotsky set In motion movements looking toward hagullement of other nations Into recoenition of the soviet and such trade agreements necessary to restore Russia. led after elahorate negotia- m | conditions | since | France future influence upon Russia A French crade commission ha been actively engaged in seeking rapprochement between Russian s French governments, and Italy wise.is preparing to concluda some agreement. But it must not he thought that these natlons are ap- proaching Russla and recognizing the soviet regime as such. On the other hand., they undoubtedly see such modification of Lenin’s and Trotsk that the present government comes within their pur- view. European countries begin to that Russiun recovery means gene advance tinent. and or in come an darl industrial. that the war of general ady nd Italy their own natlonal welfare does not compel early relationships with Rus- sla. Volumes can Dbe and have been critten about the transition of Rus- sia and the czarist, then through the Marxian communistic perfods to its present state approaching conserva- tism, but the one big cardinal fact that stands out is that communism and the modern viewpoint of general advance cannot De reconciled. Lenin and Trotsky once dreamed mighty dreams of a Russian and world Utopia. Today one of the Rus- sian dreamers is dead. the other re- ported dying. and their own far- flung panaceas discredited in and, what Is more to the point, eyes of a majority of thelr followers. ral ancial as well have pre It is fn the interest “Jeff” Davis Blocked Proposal For Capitol Goddess of Liberty| Do vou know that Jefferson Davis, president of the Southern Confed- eracy, was responsible for our hav- ing mno goddess of liberty above the great dome of our national Capitol? Have vou ever heard the real story ot why Gen. Nelson A. Miles put manacles on Jefferson Davis when he was captured and returned to Fortress Monroe, Va, and for which ing Davis “a chaln-gang Gen. Miles, eighty-three old and the 1 distinguished g soldier of the civil war, has been criticized In the south for more than half a century?” These are among the many inter esting stories that came under his nersonal observation that are told by ien. Isaac R. Sherwood, eighty-elght vears oM, who is the oldest man that aver gerved in the American Con- <ress, In his “Memories of the War,” rieh has just been published. Tn these memorles Gen. Sherwood) makes no attempt to rewrite history. Ha only gives incidents that came under his personal observation and corrects gome mistaken notions. Jefferson Davis was Secretary of War in_the cabinet of Franklin itierce, President in 1855, when the Iptor, Crawford, was in ome preparing the model for the roic “statue to crown the dome, 'v}‘h sherwoog rfmlgd! us. T:"‘h‘u‘:e! photograph of the figure sen Ty Cfimtord was rejected by Davis hecause it was the flgure of & woman érowned with a liderty cap, blazoned with thirteen stars, to represent the thirteen original states. Davis re- Jected this model because the liberty ‘cap was the symbol in Greece of a freed slave, that the United States wam half-slave and _half-free terri- tory, and that the figure bearing a liberty cap crowning the dome of the national Capitol would be 2 menace 1o the south. Figore Is Changed. At the suggestion of Davis, the figure was changed, and the figure that stands above the great dome 2nd has stood there sixty-seven years ia not the goddess of liberty,” Repre- wentative Sherwood saye. ‘It is the fgure (approved by Jefferson Davis) of a woman with the right hand rest- ing on the hilt of a sheathed sword, the left hand on & shield and holding en olive wreath. ~On the head is a helmet with a crest of eagle quills. It is the figure of & woman, the sword and shield of #. soldler, and the Phrygian helmet of »_pagan. In January, 1888, T wrote from Washington a letter stating that Jefferson Davis was responsible for ihis spurious statue. Mr. Davis de- nied this responsibility. This reply seemed to call for the proof. “Gen. Phil Sheridan was then in supreme command of the Regular Army.- 1 made a request of him to have a clerk detalled in the war offico to look up and report the offi- cial_correspondence between Jeffer- xon Davis, Secretary of War, 1855-56, and the creator of the statue on the dome. In a week I had the corre- pondence duly verified, and I pub- JiShed it.. To this Mr. Davis mever replied. " I bave no hesitation'in statingi n ¥ that we have no goddess of liberty on the great dome. 1 believe we should employ an expert with a cold chisel and cut that pagan helmet off the head of the statue and place in- stead a liberty cap with a tlara of forty-eight stars of the states— something to symbolize liberty, unity and America.’ Tn Washington recently Gen. Sher- wood met by appointment Gen. Miles, who had commanded an arm in the Army of the Potomac when he was only twenty-five years old, and who was in command of Fortres: Monroe when Jefferson Davis w brought there. Gen. Sherwood asked Gen, Miles to state why and by whose orders he put the manacles on Jefferson Davis. “I said to Gen. Miles that students of the civil war and all other citizens Were interested in the stirring events which characterized the last days of the Southern Confederacy, and, as he was a maker of history, all historical events should be known to the pres- ent generation,” Gen. Sherwood ex- plains. “Gen. Miles then gave the circumstances of the imprisonment of Davis, as follows: “Details of the safe-keeping of Davis were prepared by Maj. Gen. Halleck, chief of staff. Charles A. Dana, assistant _ secretary of war, was sent to Fortress Monroe by President Johnson with a written or- der for the custody of Davis. The following 1s the order: “‘Gen. Miles is hereby authorized and directed to place manacles and fetters on the hands and feet of Jef- ferson Davis and Clement C. Clay whenever he may think it advisable in order to render their imprisonment more secure.’ Why Anklets Were Used. “Dana advised putting the man- acles on Davis’ ankles when he de- livered the order of President John- son. Gen. Miles made the following comment: ““To comply Wwith the order of Gen. Halleck and the Secretary of War, light anklets were placed on the ankles of Jefferson Davis in order to prevent the possibility of his jump- ing past the guard while the wooden doors were being removed and grated doors substituted. The wooden doors were removed in five days and the anklets were then removed.’ “This story of Gen. Miles' cruelty to the late president of the Confed- eracy has been published in the south more than half a century. And Gen. Miles has remained silent, “The much-exploited story that Da- vig was sick or feeble when man- acled by Gen. Miles {s not true. Gen. Miles said Davis left Fortress Mon- roe_after his two years' imprison- ment in much better physical condi- tion than when he entered. During his confinement Davis had the free- dom of the fortress. He wad given one of the casements of the fortress formerly occupled by an army officer and his family. The fact that Davis lived twenty-four years after his two years' confinement is evidence that fe sufterea no hardships. Ho lived to be eighty-one, and died thirty-four years ago—'a man without a coun- try..” 2 s \ Russia of today would put her best | purged | England, | if indeed | eves, | n'the THE SUNDAY | BY HERBERT COREY. E mado a machine to test the cloth in the Shenandoah, id Dr. Burgess. That's the way bureau of standards does things. starts with the fundamentals. Its scientists work out on paper the strains and stresses that may be en- | countered in any given job. Then | they make machines to stimulate | those strains and stresses. Then | they subject the materfal in the job | to the operation of the machines. So they did with the parts that go to make up the Shenandoah. So they did in 10,000 other assignments in almost as many lines. The bureau of standards is the most hideously misnamed bureau in all the govern- ment's establishments. A better name for it would be: 14 the 1t A Better Nume for Bureau. “The bureau of applied romance.” When the Shenandoah was turned ver to the United States government it was beyond doubt the strongest airship in the world. Then the Navy planned a jaunt to the north pole and back. That proposition involves risks that no other airship has ever taken. It will be inflated with helium gas {which Is non-explosive. But helium | has only about four-sevenths the con- tinuous lifting capacity for a trip of this sort that hydrogen has. The Shenandoah must encounter twisting winds, furious Arctic storms, the | weight of the fog which to | be met in high latitudes. a score of other possibilities that other air {ships have never met. A snowstorm |cost Germany seven Zeppelins in lbunch during the war. let's ask the bureau of stand- sald the Navy Department. is sure a ard Made Tests and Improvements. Therefore, the bureau made a ma- chine which stretched the cloth of the | Shenandoah’s envelope. It made a ma- chine which detected the possible leak- age. It invented a *“turn indicator” for | the guidance of the mnavigators. It worked out a scheme for ballast recov- ery so that no gas need be lost to keep | the great balloon from going teo high. | It devised new instruments of record | {and discovery to meet the new l | tions.” 1t tested the girders of the ship | and suggested new forms in order to secure greater strength. [t fixed up new compasses. for the gyro-compas< used on the sea will not vet work in Ithe air, It offered radio suggestions. After all this,” T asked Dr. Burgess “do you belleve that commercial navi- gation by airship will one day be pr: ticable?™” “Yes," said he. condi- ow 1 do. T was a doubter at first. The Zeppelins were instruments of war pure and e, | Their task was to o as high as possible for safety’s sake. The wodern ship will operate at a lower level and can be made as strong as need be. The added weight will not be a handicap.™ i sir Nothing Too Big or Too Small. George Kimball Burgess Is the present director of the bureau of standards There is no organization of scientists in | e Sond. 15 sompare whiar Tuere) {may be groups of specialists who go! farther in. narrowly limited rescarch | work. The bureau does evervthing. It | 1 asured the wad of compressed { { air borne in front of the nose of a bomb dropped from a plane. It engaged in a tumbler-breaking contest to discover the best grade of glassware for the use of heavy-handed army cooks. Tt proved that American hotel crockery is five BY HENRY W. i (The following is a brief summar: of the most important news hi world for the seven days e uary 26). GREAT BRITAIN. HE strike of mnearly all the §2,000 members of the Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen of Great Britain be- gan at midnight January 21-22. The strikers rejected the award of a na- tional wages board on which they were properly represented. The Na- tional Unien of Rallwaymen, which condemns the strike as a “blackleg” lone, includes in Its membership be- tween 20,000 and 30,000 engineers and firemen, so that a limited train service is being maintained. This and supplementary motor transport insure the absolutely necessary eir- culation of men and supplies, except coal, B Orie way of regarding the strike is that it furnishes a valuable test of the new labor government. The Bald- win government fell as per sched- ule, and on January 22 Ramsay Mac- {donald was invited to form a labor government. He had his list of min- listers ready. The more important appolintments are as follows: Vhime minister and secretary of state for forelgn affairs—J. Ramsay Macdonald. TLord privy seal and leader of the house of commons—J. R. Clynes. | Lord president of the council— Lord Parmoor. Tord chancellor—Viscount Haldane. Chancellor of the exchequer—FPhilip Snowden. Secretary of state for home affairs —Arthur' Henderson. . Secretary of state for the colonies —J. H. Thomas. Secretary of state for war—Stephen Walsh, Secretary of state for Indla—Sir BUNN, | Olivier. S ninister—Brig. Gen. Christopher ompson. Thor lord of the admiralty—Vis- nt Chclmiford. COpTesident of the board of trade— ney Webb. S iofstar of health—John Wheatley. Minister of agriculture—Noel Bux- O resident of the board of education —C. P. Trevelyan. Minister of labor—Thomas Shaw. 1t is a little bewildering at first blush to discover three peers on the list, but aristocrats have almost al- ways figured in important radlcal movements. Lord Haldane would raise the intellectual average of al- most any group in which he might e tnoluded. Lord Chelmsford has been viceroy of India. Lord Parmoor {s an eminent lawyer. Lord Chelms- ford, at least, has hitherto been known as a conservative. Of the commoners some, like Sidney Webb, are of the class known as “in- tellectuals,” a term not always used by way of compliment; others, like Clynes, have risen from toil through leadership in labor organizations to their present eminence; others, like Col. Wedgwood and C. P. Trevelyan of the gentry, or upper middle class, are nd doubt like the peers, fain to associate themselves with the work- ing class in the effort of the latter to solve the social problems, in de- spair of solutions from the so-called upper classes. On January 22 parliament ad. journed to February 12. It seems likely that My. Macdonald will post- l STAR, W/ GEORC points to one better than a similar | grade of European war It found that at one hundred miles an hour the air pressure against automobile of the erdinary style body is equal to the drag of 150 hors It measures measuring rods and welghs weights. It plans new tests for biz guns and tells how to make better optical giass and how to fill milk hottles properly. Nothing is too big or too small. Qual Extraordina an ry of is tions of Director. qualities who ry are de- of the is at the institution. He swiedge of the the bu- ded ad of wust have leven divisions into which reau’s work is divided. He a team-manager, keep his m tented and on their know to weed out drad and assist live ones, e tives, senators, repre varlous governmental and of state governments, manufac turers. pankers and inventors. Be- tween times he must play his part in the score or so of committees and or- ganizations of which he s i member and write an sional paper. Above all he must enjoy his for that is the princiy man such an 1 cor toes, ones departments ex ! reward offered to science by the gov- ernment. “Don’t you want anything? d he. “Mora the work of the bureau. oney for in re- ing an Important move the German business until the ports of the two committees of ex- perts have been rendered and the reparations comm ion has taken actlon pursuant thereto. Should that business pleted before the French general elections he will per- haps go slow until after those clec- tions, hoping victory for M. Herriot and the opposition and a new French government with which rapproche- ment would be eas: There are. to be sure, possibilities of serious fric- tion in the controversy respecting the railroads of the Cologne area and in the controversy respecting the separatist movement in the nate. But there is reason for think- ing that, the sublime but irritating Curzon out of the way, these diffi- culties can readily be adjusted A report just arrived hich tor confirmation ates that Mr. Mac- donald is approaching M. Polncare through M. Benes, the Czechoslovak forelgn min i It is serted on good authority that Mr. Macdonald's foreign policy will be based on the league of na tions. Acting thus he would have the support of most Iiberals, Including Lord Grey, and of many conserva tives. It seems certain that he will exercise the very strongest pressure toward admission of Germany to the league of natious at the league as- sembly. meeting in the coming Sep- tember, provided he is then still"pre- mier. Now M. Herriott and M. Briand, the opposition leaders in France, are un- derstood to be of like mind with M; Macdonald respecting the league, so that should the opposition win in the coming French elections. which does not seem absolutely impossible, we might expect the British and French governments to agree on assigning to the league a leading role in adjust- ment of the reparations problem, to- gether with the duty of making suit- able provision for French security. The new mistress of No. 10 Down- ing street is Miss Ishbell Macdonald, the twenty-year-old daughter of the premier. Her youth and simple charm make an effective appeal to British sentiment. Her mother, who died not long ago, was the daughter of a distinguished' chemical authority and niece of Lord Kelvin, perhaps the greatest British scientific mind since Newton. pone * % % ¥ GERMANY. The first important communique is- sued by either of the committees of experts working on the German reparations problem under the au- spices of the reparations commission appeared on the 22d. The following is quoted therefrom: “The commission of experts ap- pointed by the reparations commis- sion to consider stabilization of the currency in Germany and balancing the budget has reached the opinion that an independent gold bank should be established, partly by mo- bilizing some part of the free re- serves of gold and foreign currencies which may exist in the hands of Ger- man nationals and which at present dlscharge no economic function, and partly by co-operation of foreign capital. In their view such a step will form part of the ultimate plan to securc future budget equilibrium and stable currency. “The committee is convinced that foreign co-operation on the manage- ment of such a bank is desirable for its ultimate success.’ Tt has not been disclpsed whether the committee contemplates that the ~y HINGTON, D K. must be | how | must meet representa- | palati- | alls | D. ¢, JANUARY 27 Real Workers in the National Capital { France. | fricnds at the close of the war,” said BURGESS. Dr. old, Burgess genial. companionable, 1i juke. is round. hearty, healthy bald. Ife was the first child e Newton, Mass., of run heavily to ship water-borne commere: that the first Burgesses liked to find out about things that were on: the other side of the horizon. He. had the same sort of curiosity. When he was three years old his father brought home twenty-four flowering plants for the garden. Wher Lis father went into the house h2 dug| them all up to how they. grew. The first gesture of the incuiring scientific mind. Likewise his first forward in the practical watters £ 1ife “Your theory his father it ‘pani.’ Was Assigned to War Work. Ho taught physics at the Massa- Tech, of which iastitution W. Stratton, the first director and | aptains and to That argues was excellent,” said “But your application of was so ill chusetts n Dr. S bureau ™ of the of standards, is now the head. successlon he went to two other u Sorbonne at Pari d is one of the three or four Americans to be given D. Se. by that famous universit ersities. When we went to war he was at the | ie division of metallurgy in bureau. All sorts .of sclentific gs had been happening in Europe The Story the Week Has Told proposed banlk be <ol or clses is intended that stablished on Ger ‘here, nor whether the management predominantly German nou- German: important point It seems to be the idea that such a bank would lure back a good port of the expatriated German capital, on guarantee, of course, that the names of depositors of such capital would not be disclosed. Capital thus repatriated would, to be sure, in- directly assist toward payment of reparations by assisting in_rehabili- tation of the structurs of German finance: but such partial repatriation under such conditions would be quite different from the compulsory re- patriation and direct application to reparation pavments of repatriated capital dreamed of by some French- men. The former. however. seems practicabie, the latter not at all so. The tempermental Teuton, noting that the mark has not fallen since the early part of December last. how handsomely the' rentenmark is be- having, just as though it really had a gold basis: how prices are declining, how the export surplus is “swellin’ wisibly” and how the world is bus- tling itself on Germany's behalf. has taken heart of hope, and sees in rear prospect the budget balanced, | the mark abla to look the dollar in | the face, the new super-efficient Ger- man merchant fleet, growing more numerous daily, proudly thronging the seven seus, and his paunch an- ticipatively glows as with a freight- age of good country sausage and honest brown beer, etc, ete. * % ok ¥ GREECE. Venizelos has definitely declared himself in favor of a republic. One of the conditions stipulated by Ven- izelos in connection with his return to Greeco was dissolution of the officers’ league, the methods of which organization seem to have re- sembled those of the famous Spanish Juntas Militares, now presumed to be defunct. A most. sensible condition. Venizelos displays like good sense in delaying for several months the plebiscite to determine the future form of movernment, in order to make suro that before it is held the officers’ league is in fact no more; that most scrious menace of im- proper pressure on elections re- moved. 1y * % RUSSIA. Viadiwir Tlyiteh Ulianov, un versally known by his pen-name of Nikolai Lenin, died of cerebral hem- orrhage: on January 22. Whatever else of bad or good may bo said about Him, he was undoubtedly one of the most extraordinary personali- tles the: world has known. The world is watching intently for what may follow. For a year past Lenin had taken no active part in politics and during: that year serlous strife de- veloped in the Russian communist party, ‘that party dividing into two factions, which, with some concession to paradox, might be called in- i transigent and Jiberal. _Intransigents —Kanienfev, Zinoviey, Stalin, Dierjin- sky, Bukharin—control the central executive committee of the party. These’ gentlemen stand for the orig- inal gospel of Lenin and would to the uytmost practicable limit repu- diate - Lenin's Nep (new economic poliey). The liberals—Trotsky and Radek— would go much further than Lenin announced his willingness to go to- ward compromise with the capital- : of today. noin! family that bad | nomie vear—is lged that pape must! Then to tho | 1924—PART 2. for three years under pressurs of the war. We knew none of them. War secrets were kept from neutrals as strictly as from the enanty. | “Send a man who knows to Paris— | quick,” the general staff asked of Dr. | Stratton. Dr. Burgess was on the next ship to leave. Other sclentists accompanied and followed him. y Helped Out the Alrmen. In a two-hour talk with the French experts a tour of inquiry was laid out that kept the associates busy for three months. They came homm with everything the French and English had, ' Then they began to do things on thefr own account. The alrmen had not been able to take photo- graphs through the fog, and yet fog was the one atmospheric constant in The bureau of standards made a new ‘lens and a new atmos- pherlc emulsion and took the pictures thal were wanted. They did a thou- and one other things like that. We were abreast of our European “Maybe in some things a lttle d. We were able to take up some things where they left off.” “Are we still even with them?" SBeyond any question. The press- ure is no longer great, of course, But we are holding our own.” I wanted to know the high lights of today's work of the marvelous or- { ganization of which he is the head. One is radio, of course. The time will lie said, when every sea-going from a dory up will carry a installation, for rtceiving, 1If inot for scnding. TRadio will largely replace the lamp and whistle signals | More is being learned every | it and radio is being subjected to rule and law. The five government | departments that habitually use radio ; eliminating the conflict whic ered them at first. The time will come when the an who uses the | air out of turn will be stopped can ‘em now,” he Locate them he.. a 2om vessel adio are hot said. abse spot most eau's present ~this Dbeing the dictionary buvers' bible. important w an on of | specifications—the » -operating. Every article bought by th | ernment will be eovered by spe tions. In turn these will b { by private manufacturers. Trade will | be simplified and eosts reduced. The | government made spectal demands in buying goods. which un- | lau aded costs. The federal speei- board, working upder the! ! bureau of the budeet, of which Dr. | Burgess is ex-officio chairman, is | working on this. He s delighted by the manner in wi manufacturers lare co-operating. many { Svery one wants to help,” he said. unification engineering | standards is being attempted, too. That means everything for the plification of the big job which Aemr- icans do particularly well. The bu- reau has tested house-building ma-'; terizls and plans and made a :u‘!‘lnc” that gives every least bit of info tion about the owner' uto. The H nual report covers more than 300 close-knit pages, which barely enu- merate the lines of the bureau's activities. sim- ‘What do rou want to know? Ask i Dr. Burgess. U. S. TRADE HE United States is facing a serious situation in trade with the far east. American money which now goes to Europe is being utilized, by Europe In regain- ing the trade of the orient at the expense of American export trade. A net unfavorable balance of $164,- 000,000 in our American trade with the orient in contrast to Europe's fa- vorable balance of $324,000.000 for the same year (1922) strikingly sum- marizes the situation. These figures are found in tables just made public by the United States Department of Commerce. Congress, which is now considering appropriations for promotion and de- velopment of foreign trade, it deeply s Dbeen brought to the attention individual members of Congre: by the large export associations. The facts are the: The balance of pur rope of the six of the far east, Zurope, showed increase In 1922, compared wi The balance of sales of thase countries to the United States, over purchases from America, on th other hand, has increased about 50 ner cent. The favorable balance of these tal countries in their trade with worla—the excess of their sales over their purcha has deellncd frem § 00 in to §5,990.609 in hases from I principal countries over their males to almost a e id same es 191 Situation Analyzed. ing this situation, there were three countries in the far cast— Japan, China and British India— which before the war imported $89,- 000,000 more in goods from Europe an they shipped to Europe, where- as three other countries—the Philip- Anal Settlements — exported my to Europe than was brought from Europe. leaving a net able balance in favor of Eu against the orlent $41,000,000 ire g favor- o of $48,000,000 there w t—Japan. China, s and British India—s total purchases from Europ: their sules by an aggregat 00,000, Whereas only t the Philippines and Straits ts, sold more to them th boughit from Europe, to the extent of 14,000, making a net batar. in favor of Europe of $324,000,6u0 for the year, In" 14 ries in Tteh 3 the United States, ther hand, bought more fron: the countries in the far east, with 1ie ception of the Philippine n ot to them, making a net unfavor- ble bal against t tates of $109,000,000. Tn 192 ed States s e to China Dutch East Indies than it from them. but the balance in the case of the four other far euste ountries was against America, on_ the of e 1°nit- nd the bought Causes of Revivol. Lurope has beew alle to ravive export trade to the nt largely through investment: its colonial possessions in the far east and other oriental countries. These vestments are large @ tal and industiial claracte: clude ts of d in the producti its n in 1 co: large amou; Ve e United States, o of raw ma creating a favorabls credit balance in this country amounting to $500,000,000 a which, taken together with the credit balance of Latin American countries, practically offsets the American ex- cess of merchandise exports to Eu- rope Possessing gold. with handicapped over hLaif the worid'e export trade therefore I by high prices result- ing from possession of this iald, and { s t the bourgeois, the mammon of | hteousnese. For some weeks of ! Trotsky conducted violent logomachy—by speech and writing- gainst the old tories (to be para- doxical again) in control. but, dis- {comfited, sick in mind and body, re- tired @ short time ago to Tiflis in | search of health. During the illness of Lenin the exccutive of the council of commis- sars was put in commission. Will a new, active president now be elected, or to avert a dangerous clash of am- bitions, will the dubious commission arrangement continue? Suppose it is decided to have a president, who shall it be? Stalin is commonly spoken of as the “strong man” of the gang. But it is objected against him that he is a Georgian. Well, for that matter Djerjinsky is a Pole, and | Trotsky, Kameniev and Zinoviev are |Jews. “Is there a simon pure great | Russian among them? A critical sta bility test of the strange political machine is now starting. 1t coinecides with an acute economic crisis, . Petrograd is henceforth to be Len- ingr: ists, unrigl { i MEXICO. The acting governor-ot Texas finally consented to the passage by rail of 1,500 Yaqui Indians from Arizona across a few miles of Texan territory via El Paso into Mexico. The trans- port of these troops from Mexico through Arizonan, New Mexican and Texan territory back into Mexico, was accomplished without incident, Senor De La Huerta, the Mexican relel leader, reacted satisfactorily to Secretary Hughes' protest against his Tampico and for mining the harbors of Frontera, Puerto Mexico and Vera Cruz; said protests being fortified by dispatch of two cruisers and six de- stroyers to Vera Cruz. The obnoxlous orders were promptly suspended and will no doubt remain so. My under- standing is that prior to the suspen- slon no mines had been laid down and only a few harmless “gestures” so to speak, importing a blockade, had been made. Apparently the incident is closed, the only tragic feature be- ing that’the personnel of the cruiser Omaha and the six destrovers missed thereby the fun of the Panama war games. Latest. reports from Mexico indicate that President Obregon is decidedly “up against it” cspecially on the western front where he has been irecting operations in_person. would uppear ‘also that the rebels i have been cutting railways at a great many points, that Indeed service on all ‘important railroad lines Is in serfous jeopardy. The report that Obregon's communications with Mex- ico Clty have been severed requires confirmation. % Ok kX MISCELLANEOUS. The Italian chamber is to be dis- solved before the end of this month, and general elections for & new cham- ber will be held on April 6. The Italo-Jugoslay treaty, which is expected to &nuff out the Fiume ques- tion, to make friends of two bitter enemy states and to have other tm- portant political consequences withal, iv being signed today. A curlous political crisis is on in i Chile. The pgesident and the senate imajority are Bt loggerhcads. But it !is thought that a working compro- mise is in sight. Another attempt to scals Mount Everest is to be made in the coming spring. / Here i8 something really worth while. tot {not afford to damn the public imany instances, and has never failed orders for blockade of the port of | 'lt' trade in the orient languishing for proper financlal support, the United States still hesitates to promote com- merce with the orient in the cnly ay that has proved successful—the dircct commerelal and industrial Ic U. S Annually Goes in Dept. Commercially this country annually goes in debt to the orient and Latin- America to the extent of more than Labor’s Jurisdie (Continued from First Page.) it is often difficult for labor leaders to get at the merits and the rights such a dispute, for the tenders will vroduce evidence has the appearance at least of up- holding the contention of cach. The union cause suffers, and suffers grievous not on internally, but con- fin public estimation, and if there is one cause on this continent that can- it is the cause of organized labor. For all of the years that the juris- dictional disputes have been before the federation it has done its level best |to adjust them, has succeeded in |to point out the danger in these bat- itles to the general lahor movement. As an example of its general atti- tude. the following from the report {of the executive council to the Port- land convention will serve: “During the late spring and early summer a Isituation developed in the bullding industry which threatened great in- jury not only to the building trades unions but eventually to the entire labor movement. We refer to the controversy between the Bricklayers, Masons and _Plasterers' International Union and the Operative Plasterers and Cement Finishers' International Assoclation. Letters and telegrams were received at federation head- quarters in protest against such a situation having developed and be- ing permitted to continue, and point- ing out the grave effect it would in- evitably have not only upon the building trades unions but in its re- action upon the organized labor move- { ment in its entirety." Light Shed on Subject. So that there may be an under- standing of the conditions that cause these jurisdictional disputes, an out- line of that between the structural iron workers and the teamsters may be helpful. It is taken from the re- Home of the Macaroon. K. L. Roberts in the Saturday Evening Post. Nancy, one of the many spots for whose capture the kaiser waited in vain, was undamaged by the war, so that her wrought-iron gates of black and geld are unmarred and her maec- aroon shops as flourishing as before the war. It is probable. by the way. that the world owes at least as great a debt to Naney for the two Macaroon sisters, who invented and perfected the macaroon some seventy years ago, as it does for M. Coue, the Nancy druggise who caused many persons to feel better and hetter for a time. at least, = concerned over this situation, which | en- | rien- | pines, Dutch East Indies and Straits | - ot manufactured al which the far east ships to the | vear, | that | LY SITUATION IN FAR EAST SERIOUS Europe Regains Advantages Through American Monéy Now Flow- ing to Her. $300,000,000. That is, it buys much mere from the far east and Latin-Amcrica than it sells tham. 1ts nends of ort:ntal products, sih silk, shellac, rupber, tine, tea, cot dried cocoanuts and other commadities which it does not produce are Dro- digious. TIs this orlental credit which the United States builds up by cx cess purchases kept in this country Does 1t utilize this credit balan sell more machinery, fron and and other specialties whica the o1 imports almost entirely? It does n This credit stays in Europs, and wit! it Burope buys less than 1 per cent {of American manufactured goods, but nstead principally American whea Iport and cotton, with whict and clothe European indus that they may make theee things fo the buyers in the far east. Much of this surplus credit is ready owncd by Europeans ar he return on their pre-war iny wealth in their rich coloni these colonfes need “lead |pay off past administrative debts {for other non-constructive purposes, then and only then do Ui approaci our bankers. In lending, us the United States done, largs to Buropean Mes for such poses—guaranteed, it is true, principal and in t, by the Dpean home gover; in at least t place, it dispose in de pur Luro- dici In t loana put i - ot b es Lurope trade co. ates in second placy 1 to be used In act th the United the In the development of a financiul poliey in the far cast which wou not retard the rehabilitation of L rope, but at the same time active encourage American export trac {s necessary to inforni the public of both the pitfall profits fn direct trade-promoti The 1 tha in wilde vear would business in the orient 1 and stable footl functior duty of ha rect funds now profitable investmen eots dustrial well bei e Investments Neces 1t needless | the advant export is here to s of n safe consisti mar trade g principal pre As United States encourages such tra its industrial establishments expu und at hoi . material idustrial 1 nts | |and a wide | for foodst | Such tra | the orien | vestme very market is £ ts w profital cha acters. In th gradual « tion where! tribute to f in the can be ropean owners of rubber | Plantations, coffec and tea estates ete., by diverting funds i annel of investment in thes ntations in the far e Then instead of credits being built up Europe from the profits of raw materials supplied American industrics, those industr aided by the n investing p lic. would profits, ar their manu products mad from these ra rials would b !cheaper to consuming publics botl |in _this country and abroad. In the second j the United States can invest directly in oriental | manufacturinz stries and thu find huge outlet American_m chinery and of ipment. The! industries are ) be establist in the ori t. If Amer- ica fails in them directi: the fund: s in Europe wit indirect in administra tive loans 1y _will be The time facts in the American mwones Hican ideals trade, or upon t main ment policy its bankers, Lelp but incre raw materials and the ge: 1United States in tain 1} 1 ins Sure us as come for a facing of castern situatic t b k up Amer- ote America can be reli pre adership of trade cannc of imported diminisli, of t ed e al E prosperity tional Disputes Are Explained by Union Man port of the commit ered the dispute convention of the The chief factor has to do with |common to both he comr ied on their e that consic the Cincinn federation in 1 this controve processes that are organizations and tee found were be both unior and unloading o around yards or buildings to trucks and from truc ground or elsewhere is a pr {involves a 0f workers |cially organized and skilled character of the work | them. | The committee found from the | facts presented that in some instances his work is done by structural {ror workers and in other instances teamsters. There appears no contro- | versy over the handling of any build ing material cxcept 2 sted Claim is up by the iron worker to the handling of heavy machine and material for bank vaults smd {other similar construction. To th |class of work the teamsters also 1 | claim. Like All Other Quarrel This dispute is similar in to nearly all of the other quarrels over who shall do certain work that afflict the labor movement. On its face it appears to be a simple matter and entirely capable of quick adjust- ment. Yet the controversy between the two unions is of long duration. It began more than ten years ago and has continued during ull the years since i‘s inception. The recommends tion for adjustment contained in ti report of the federation council for 1922 was that where building mu terial is hauled to buildings under construction and the foreman, cop- tractor or person in charge of the ferection of the building directs that it be hoisted from the vehicle the work shall be done by the struc- tural iron workers, but where it i unloaded on the ground, street or sidewalk it be done by thé teamsters. That recommendation was not ac- cepted. The dispute is still on. It wiil finally’ be settled by agreement be tween the parties at Interest, or by federation intervention, or adjust it- self with the passage of time. The public is justified, however, in asking why theso quarrels should im- pede and in many instances prevent the carrying on of great cnterpris The question fair one. All of these contentions should be adjusted under truce, and by the unions involved. They should not be permitted to prejudice the cause of the wage earners or their opportunity to sell their labor under contrac embracing the best obtainable condi- tions. Organized labor cannot afford make itself appear ridiculous Copsright, 1824, be the McClure Newspapec Syndicate. The niaterial om ear th th in’ the required of loading to