Evening Star Newspaper, January 27, 1924, Page 33

EDITORIAL PAGE NATIONAL PROBLEMS SPEC TIAL ARTICLES Part2_14 Pages CONGRESS IS TO DAY OF ADJOURNM NT' LOOKING Hopes to Close Legislative Mill by June Appropriations and Tax Reduc- tion Being Chief Work. BY WILL P, KENNEDY HAT are the chances for Congress shutting down the legislative mill in time for the big party national ventlons—republican, June 19, Gemocratle, June 242 This questlon is vexing members of €ongress, the party chieftains who are arranging for the conventions and the public &s on-lov Individually and collectively the membery of Congress to get away in time for the big quadrenntal free-for-all. Can they do P they get thefr job done in time 1t i con- and an pretty adjourn about There Just Congress propos Fass safe that they mer. hat betting June 1, if not two Dbig ol to do hefore it quits annual appropriation bills for the machinery of gov ment and the myriad actlvities of the federal workshop going and revise the tax system. - are the Appropriation Menwures. 7 First, let’s censider the situation with regard to the mppropriation bills. There Lus been mment about the Cupitol to the effect that *they are not grtting the tion bills through this year " with the nstnuation hang-fire. bon't worry appro- priation bills out of the ay In plenty adjournment fore the o In spite House being slow in ¢ propriation bills will e House two vears some ¢ spropri that wiil all of time for ious. B g b of u late t due to the izing, all the reported to early a date ago, which is a proper arlson, as that was a long ses- the same as the present session. Two yvears ago the last of the appro- priation bills was reported to the House ©n April §.and passed on April 18, Hearings on the appropriation bills have be in ress before subcom- ittees December 17. The In- teror Department bill was passage by inter-y the rules and the tax Tost Office and Treusu aupropriations huve one bill, which is ready to be reported in Mond Hearings are in progress and Agricultural bills. been completed on the start tomorrow on the lumbia bill and a wee on State and Justice, which will L leaves the s combined for the Ho! or Tuesday on the War They in Commeres and comb inder ) later Kled when th well out of tae ned ndent legislative bill will Le othiers are prett The total budse &omething lzures will not be whittled down much. The re was only about §1,000,000 The report on the Post Office and Treasury bill tomorrow means that ap- proximately one-third of all the regu- iar annual appropriations have already en covered. One-half of the job of the appropriations committee will be over early in Februs Question of Tax Now ahout the tax tion. Here situ =iong indefinitely, cleancd up quickly when beth parties Rave their minds up to get away. You can mark it down right now . tax bill is golng written the House in cpen The wublican members sieans committee and the members can got together @er on everything else except the gmum of the graduted surtax rate the exieting law this is 50 per estimates uve for “These like 0,000,000, very last year net ction Reduction, redug ) Tegis) can is that T but whicn can made o 0 be in sessic of the de in short or- maxi- In = %0 25 per cent. The brought out by Representative Garner of Texas, would fix it at per cent and on that inta | Te=| nt. | The Mellon plan proposed to reduce this | democratic sub- | | eratic support is practically ununimous, although some would prefer to hold it | at 50 per cent. In the present law the 50 per cent Legins to apply on incomes of $200,000 or above. The Mcllon plan would make the 25 per cent apply at $100,000 or above. The Garner plan would make the 44 per cent apply at $92,000. The group of “insurgents,” led by Repre- sentative James A. Frear of Wiscon- sin, & member of the ways and means committee, is against any reduction at all in the surtaxes. House Leader Lopgworth a sentative Willlam R, chairman of the ways mittee. have stated peatedly, und both to the President andto the:press, that the 25 per rate cannot go throuh, becanse the o position, even on the republican stde o the House, is so strongly set against it. Attitude of President. The administration has been insist- ing that the republican leaders must go through with the Mellon plan un- changed, and that the very essence of the Mellon plan is the 25 per cent maximum on surtaxes. In fact, the implication drawn from President Coolidge’s discussion of the situation that he would serfously consider veto- ing the tax bill unless the 25 per cent maximum surtax rate s carried. The other day Chalrm thorized to make @ proposal to the democratic menibers of the means committee that this matter should be considered as non-partisan i they all try t reach a e between the Garner rate of 1l Repre- of Towa, s com- and and m publicly re- u Green was at 44, agreed, which and the Mellon rate of 25, on the rcpublicans are hopelessly contention of the administration it is necessary for the success of the Mellon plan to release money and turn it into productive channels, the federal government more revenue than under the present rate, wi twice as high, besides stimulating dustry and keeping the nopulace | ployed. The contest in comniittee has reac ed a deadlock. The democratic mem- bers are determined not to agree to any compromise rate under 44, which would break their support in the House. There are also irreconcilables among the re- publicans, like Representative John Q. Tilson of Connecticut, who is equally averse to budge away from the , cent rate, in- emi- result—as things ar eems to be that when it 1o bring the bill out the democrats te “present” and allow the repub- 10 report out their bill, and then the fight on the floor of comes v lcans miake House. 5 That can be done mext week if the leaders so desire, although the repub- lican conference allowed the ways and means committee majority until Feb- {ruary 11 to bring in thelr bill. Can Be Amended on Floor. still in further testimony that the this essentlal feature will House § rairman § tax Lt be written in the ments by Ci | committes, who has glven public that it uld impossibl to get out 2 special rule that sould prevent ‘the blil from being torn the rules his opini t 10 shreds and tatters by amendments i it is the desire of House member: to do so. The abolition of the Under- hill rule the other day throws any bill, and particularly the coming tax bill, wide open for amendment on the floor. That's the situation as it exists, and it Is pretty well admitted by the mem- bership of the House. With general recognition of this fact, there is hops that the measure will be brought into the House very soon and thrashed out | the demo- ‘on the floor. Labor’s Jurisdictional Disputes Are Explained by Union Man BY JAMES M. LYNéT. {Former Trpographical dthte Todustria RGANIZED labor has for a quarter of a century been passing through the turmoil and the agony of jurisdfc- #ma) disputes, the effort to deter- Diing where the work of one artisan ovde and the work of still another trade Leging The struggle has at times threat: encd the solldarity, if not the very 1ife, of the organized labor move- @went. Unlons have been expelled from the great family of trade unlons, the . American Federation of Labor, for violation of its declsions attempt- ing o outline the work of a particu- lsr craft. beesi absorbed by the larger union party to a jurisdlctional dispute, and it must be admitted that this method &* least ends the contentlon. With the general use of steel in Bullding construction came new ma- terials and new methods. Perhaps the best illustration ir that of the in- troduction of metal t-im and doors, and the subsequent bitter and la®ing éispute hetween the carpenters and the sheet-metal workers as to who & gubstitute for wooden trim and wooden doors. That dispute lasted gor vears, ana nas not yet yet been entirely adjusted, notwithstanding that as a rule the carpeniers do the work. For a time the carpenters were out of the buiflding trades coun- eils because of their insistence on $urisdiction over this work and their Fefusal to relinguish it. Disputes Over Years. These disputes as to the jurisdic- ¥ion over work have been before the eonventions of the American Federa- tlon of Labor since the beginning ¢ the century, and at the recent esident of the International Unlon: Former New York Commlssioer.) ! gathering | concerned | structors ana nould have the Installation of the in Portland, Ore, it was with disagreements be- tween the bricklayers and plasterers, the rajlway clerks and the mainte- nances of way employes, the teamsters and the bridge and strucutral fron workers, the fire fighters and the engineers, the blacksmiths and the tunnel and subway constructors, the bakers and the hotel and restaurant employes, the longshoremen and the railway oclerks, the elevator con- the bullding service employes, the latter a new that promises another battle between unlons of wage earners which will, as in the past, occupy much of the time of tho conventions that will have the merits of the dispute be- other Instances result in adjustment by absorption of the weaker by the | stronger contender or by exhaustion | of both parties ami subsequent truce or agreement to preserve both unions from extinction. It the jurisdictional disputes have {been of great moment and also of great annoyance to organized labor i they have also been a source of much trouble to Industry and to the pub- llice generally. Work on a great ! bullding in the course of construc- tlon has been brought to a complete ‘halt, not by any trouble between the contractors and the artisans, but by a dispute between two unlons as to jurisdiction over certain work. contpactor cannot adjust the dispute for the reason that if he favors one unfon as against the other union work will not be resumed. It s a matier for agreement between the unions that are at war, for it is war as bitter and as devastating as is possible, with the exception of the loss of human life. The public, faced with guch a spec- tacle, cannot understand it. Indeed, ~(Continited on Third Page.) ? nt | ways and | on which all of the democrats are ; which they claim would result in giving | feh is | T | hope sw lned | of the | dispute ! | fore them, and perhape as In many Still other unions havel { The | WASHINGTO BY HERBERT HOOVER. AVING gotten practically out of the the war, it is time we con- sider a long view and more | visorous natifhal policy of improve- ment in our national plant and equip- | ment—transportation, power, flood control, reclamation. The federal gov- ernment must be a party to such a poliey. It controls the navigable rivers, interstate commerce and pub- lic lands, and through these activitles |1t controls the destiny of the most fmportant transportation lnes and flood control, reclamation and power evelopments. Many of these projects require flnance beyond the powers of private investment. Public utilities are under rigld national and state regulation. Therefore, any great na- tional polie in all these matters must e carried out with the co- ation of the federal government The expenditures from the national Treusury on these enterpriscs, which nnot be mpassed by private en- ise—such as fivod control, navi- gatlon and reclamation—are not an imposition upon our policies of econ omy in national administration. They are the vital reproductive works at the very heart of our national prog- ress. Their development Is funda- mental if we are to support larger populations at an increasing standard of living and comfort. Increased ef- ficlency in transportation, decreased cost of power, increased land recla- mation, decreased destruction by flood: ch of théem permits the pro- |duction of more commodities at less effort for division among us all. Threshold of New Era, Furthermore. the advances in rbe during past score of years ave brought us to the threshold of new possibilities in all of these dl- rectlons. The fobs immediately be- fore us are the economic development {of our raflway transportation, our water transportation, power, and reclamation. The larger items crysal- lize into certain policies and certain projects, The growth of our mational aetiv- s and population requires that we double the capacity of our ratlway transportation every twelve to fifteen years. Unless we evolve definite polictes for raflway declopment we shall have the nation strangled for lack of transportation. Any maximum {of rates In our complex of rallways, | whether established by competition | or by government regulatton, is found to render the earnings of certain rafl- | roads too low for progressive devel- opment and service, and we can only sure such devel hsorption Into larger systems stronger financlal foundatic No Protection. sei- their Competitlo Under established n tional a rates of monopolies and semi-monop- oltes in public utilities we have, in fact, absolutely abandoned the fdea irmly d st that the public can be protected as to just charges through competitive |action. We should. therefore, seek |the advantages of larger economies |in operation and better service through the consolidation of our rail- | ways into larger units. Our problem !is to sccure thelr most expeditious teps in this the here 1 this legislation that will ure the concummation of these consolidations. We need more positive action—not compulsory con- solidation but provisions that will naturally lead to consummation. In our water transportation one of the outstanding opportunities given us by the topography of North Amer- ica is the St. Lawrence waterway. The development of this avenue to the sca at a cost of perhaps $250.000,060 or $300,000,000 will make 1t possible for every port on the great, lakes to become a seaport. That this must be an advantage to the whole of our seventeen graet agricultural states and to western Canada Is Indicated by the effect it will have on one com- | modity alone. At the present time oceangolng rates on graln and pro- visions to consuming centers In Eu- rope are the same from Montreal and from New York. The grain rate from Buffalo to New York Is from 8 to 12 cents a bushel, whereas with tlie St. BY CUNO H. RUDOLPH, President of the Board of District Commi~sioners. HAT does the future hold for Washington” In looking into the years that are ahead of any city, Ind'vidual views may differ and time alome will tell the story. But, having served as a Commissioner of the District mere than a decade 2go and returning to the task, 1 have bad, perhaps, a better opportunity {than the Washingtonian in private life tc observe the transformation that has taken place in this beauty spot of America. Ana from such close contact with the municipal machinery, in which the growth of any city Is 87 accu- rately reflected, there are certain pre- dictions that may be made with re- £ard to the future and what it holds for us. To begin with, T belleve Washing- ton must prepare for a population of {at least 600,000 by 19:4. During my first term as commissioner — from January, 1910, to July, 1913—the Dis- trict had a population of 331,000. To- ¢ay it numbers close to 450.000. It undoubtedly is t=ue that the war had something to do with this yrowth through the increased activity of the federal government here, but the bulk economic woods of te polictes vf regulating ! EDITORIAL SECTION The Sunty Sk D. C “Unless we railw; { “In power development we are est advances in our history.” “Engineers are convinced that congested areas could be electrified, larged service.” “The development of the St. SUNDAY “Our problem is to secure the most expeditions consol rowth of Nation Demands U. S. Aid .~ For Great Public Utilities, Says Hoover Herbert Hoover Says evolve definite policies for railway development we shall have the nation strangled for lack of transportation.” lation of the “The development of the St. Lawrence waterway would produce a { | by-product of over two millions of horsepower.” at the threshold of one of the great. a great mileage of the railways in with a substantial economy and en- Lawrence waterway would make it possible for every port on the Great Lakes to become a seaport.” the rate udd not ex- difference that in the |Lawrence waterw {Buffalo to Montrea ceed & or 4 cents—: must inevitably P fprice of grain to the Would Revive Erie Canal. back farmer. | Some groups in New York have ob- | jected to the construction of this wa- | terway as being a diversion of com- merce through foreign territory and a consequent loss to our greatest com- merclal center. AS a matter of fact, the development of the St. Lawrence will produce by-products in electrical | power amounting to something over two mil. f horsepower, of w a minimum will be & able for Am tio | natural point for cons American share of t | industrial purposes is ulong the Erle { canal, and here lles & promiss of the {canal's further development and | return to the state of New u. The mption of the is power for ues that come from the handling of commodities through the port of New York. Moreover, the foundation on which New York city rests is the progress of the United States, and the commer- clal benefits to the whole country trom the development of this water- way are far greater in their reflex to New York city than the transporta- tlon of western commodities across the state and thelr stevedoring turns at New York harbor. We, of course, cannot proceed in this matter until our Canadian friends are ready. Another of these great projects is the development of the Mississippt waterway through the deepzning of the drainage canal permitting en- larged barge scrvice from Chicago to nf the so-called war-time population has departed, and the expansion from now on may with safety be regarded 48 permanent. Zoning Law an Aid. The zoning law, which has been in operation for only three years, will bo an outstanding factor In the fu- ture developn ¢nt of Washington. The new communities that will rise up on the undeveloped outskirts of the District will be orderly and at- tractive in appearance tarough the enforcement of this progressive legis ation. Business will Lave Its nroper place in every locality, but will not reach out indiscriminately into rasi- dentlal streets. The row house, the beautiful de- tached home and the apartment house each will have {ts location for ex- pansion, so that one will not mar nor irterfere with the other. Of course, in the older sections the zoning law will not Le able‘to carrec: the mistakes of the.past in city plan- aing, except in remedeling and the erectlon of new buildings. If Washington {s to continue to expand in population and area, as seems apparent, larger annual appro- priations for physical improvements will bs impecative. Because of - the recessary let-up in expenditures for from | aj York far | greater than the small amount of val- | the gulf, Still another of these great developments is the inland waterway along the Atlantic seaboard. In these we can zct at any time. Superpower Development. In power development we are at the threshold of one of the greatest |advances in our history. We have increased our kilowatt consumption in twenty years from 60 to 500 per capita and we are still only on the way. | The possibiiity of a new stags tn | progress is due to the perfection’ of high voltage longer transmission, and more perfect mechanical de- velopment §n generation We can now undertake to develop the cheaper sources of power from water farther aficld, and cheaper | generation from coal through larger and more favorably placed generation plante. We can secure even greater econo- mies in production costs, which are |not so apparent upon the surface. Through the Inter-connection of load | between different local distribution | eystems we can bring about & re duction in the amount of reserve equipment. We can thus secure # better average load factor through the pooling effect in day and sea- sonal variations u& & wider diversi- fication of consumers. Equally fmportant, we can provide & market for secondary water power (that 1s, the seasonal higher flow of | streams), for this power can be poured |Into areas where steam power is used | for part-time reltef. In many localities ' | this s of the utmost importance, for; | streams can be cheaply harnessed for secondary power when the primary equipment is already installed and the sum of such power is in many Washington as a City of 600,000 by 1934 Foreseen by Commissioner Rudolph o1 gineering work during the war, the city 1s now far short of its actual needs in street -paving, sewer and water main. extensions. The advantages of having a well zoned city In the years to come will te rartly offset if the streets are not paved and other essential municlpal functions kept Lp to requirements. ‘What has been sald relates almost entirely to the growth of Washington as a municipality. But Washington is more than a mere place of ahode for half a miillon people. It is the Capital of one of the most prosperous and progressive nations of the world. And In that capacity also will it con- tinue to -improve during the next decade. New Federal Bulldings. Members of ' Congress are now turning their attention to the need for new bulldings for the federal government, Manly of Uncle San's bureaus are now functioning in tem- porary structures, erected for the war, while still others are quartsred in inapprooriate rented offices. Some of these temporary structuses are In the parks, where, for the time being, they mar the beanties of the Capital In planning to replace them with permanent Luildings Congress will be adding greatly to the appearance of the National Capital of tome: > MORNING, JANUARY 27, 1924 of power. ! | | cases annually greater than the pri- mary power. Industries cannot &flfll’ll themselves to seasonal use, but s=asonal water power can bo used to save Steam any | time. But all this meahs that power must flow freely over stéte hounr' | dartes without lcgal impediments |Our state laws in many cases mili- tate against this free flow. Our states do have rights In the matter, but | their rights can be protected without | blocking the development of the natfon. Three years ago the federal gov- ernment undertook an exhaustive study Into the possibilitiés of such a development in the northeastern etates. This demonstrated the savings in these ten states resulting from a co- ordinated and fully devéloped elec- trical power eystem by the time it could be erected could amount to a, conservation of about 56,000,000 tons | of coal per annum ing could be $500,000,000 per annum tlonal capltal outlay of about § 000,000, In this area we producing something 1k horsepower by direct steam und indi- vidual plant generation, part of which could be trans central generation with great cccno my. Since that time, while little has been done in this particular area, great progress has been made in the southeast and west In interconnec- tion, fully demonstrating it: s Electrified Railroads. With the crowding of our popu =i tion in large areas we are faced with most difficult questions in the devel- opment of terminal facilities and the handling of t on our ‘raflways, There has been some clectrification of transportation. The enginders who have made systematic superpower surveys are convinced that a great mileage of the rallways in congested areas could be electrified at =ubstan- tial economies In operation and with enlarged service, If we should secure this greater and more economlical power development. The Indirect results and material are ev ant than such figures us I have gi would Imply. They take no account of the vast losses to industry and commerce from actual interruption and threatened Interruption of fuel supplies to our several hundrsd thou- sand independent power units; no ac- count of the relief of shippers from our already overburdened transpor- tation and terminal facilities: no ac- count of the increased production of our factories from cheaper power; no account of the larger extension of power into farm and home; no ac- count of the reduction of physical la- bor and increase of comfort i To secure rapid adoption of | these demonstrated!y possible results | 1is of profound public importanc Every time we cheapen power an centralize its production we create new uses and add security to the pro- duction of commodities; we increase production; we eliminate waste; we decrease the burden of physical effort upon men. In sum, we increass the standards of living and comfort of all our people. Super-Power Practical. Super-power development o promoter's dream. It is in actual actlon over limited areas and with :ore construct laws it would spread rapidly. It goes with dis- | cussion that the public interc these developments must be so pro- tected that the great benefits de inure to the consumers. Another great development is that of the Colorado river where the prob- lem is one of combined reclamation and power. In the drainage of this river five million acres can be brought into cultivation through Iirrization and, incidentallq, some five million horsepower can be developed. The first of the projects s now economi- cally ripe and that {s the construc- tion of a dam somewhere on tha low- er Colorado that will contrcl the floods of the river, stors its seasonal flow for the Irrigation of 2,000,000 acres, and develop approximately $00,000 horsepower for distribution fn Arizona and California. Another such great power development les in the Columbia river basin at Priest| Falls The government has already | undertaken the development on the Tennessee river at Muscle Shoals. All these projects should be advanced to early consummation. fal | crred to t both human more fmport- se ce sta | Another decade may bring with it the realization of other projects now being advocated for the enhancement of the Capital city. The Anacostia parkway develop- ment is pushing steadily forward, and shou'd be a reality within that time. This will adorn the castern approach to Washington. Then there is the proposal to link up the Rogk Creck and Potomac parks, thereby affording an almost uninterrupted driveway around the aity. My experience :n being reappointed to the board of Commissioners after the lapse of a decade has brought| home to me in a striking manuner the change that has taken place during | that time in the municipal govern | n.ent itself. Ton years ago we wore just a| board of Commissioners, performing what In any ot.er city would be the duties of a mayor or city council Today the position is a threefold one, retaining all of its original respon- sibilities, to which are added the dutles of the Public Utilities Commis- sion and the Zoning Commission. The Commissioners ten years hence no doubt will find still other tasks added to their day's work as the clty grows and brings with 1t new problenis.” | dent, 2,000,900 | 1 {ae |the way POLITICIANS WILL WAGE BATTLES THROUGH AIR Radio to Be Important Factor in Year’ Campaign for First Time in History. BY G. GOULD LINCOL) AR In the and the next war between powerful nations will be waged largely in the clouds. And now, it appears, the 1924 war of politics Is to be waged largely through the medium of the afr, too. The redoubtable radio fs the new arm of the politiclan, just as the air- plane Is the most up-to-date weapon of uttack and defense In military strife. From the present time untfl the ballots are cast next November in the nation-wide campuign for the jelection of the Rresident, Viee Pre i nt Coolidge ages of Words into . to be broadcast fr He can reach the people of states from Washington with t they may hear him as though he od before rther, by having ad- ved it will be possible to peovle across the conti- niGsphe ington twenty ease, g0 t then F dresves re reach his Aerial Attacks Pianned. This Wil Le the political lgn fr haa and w fc son if for no oth ready irleus national, congres sfonal and state campaign committes are laying their plans to use the aerfal line of attack to the greatest advantage. It may be that the ma- Jor parties will purchase or hire for the period of the campalgn broad- casting statlons of their own. broadcasting stations are under the control of the Department of Com- me: b: must b It will by wide radio yrabl been use be mem ced by necessary, that department. undoubtedly, to nge matters so tl party not be allowed to monopdlize e air and so that epeakers may iver ir addresses without so clattering up the atmosphere that none will be heard. In a measure, the radio offers much to the lazy campaigner. By means of the broadcasting facilites he can reach audiences in every part of his district, state, and even the whole country, while addressing one crowd In a single auditorfum. T he may be able to save in th traveling cxpenses through e. Ther huurs of tedious travel. the other I often de himse! number of speeches 1¥ do to deliver the same speech in Harrisburg, Pa., the night after he had delivered it in Philadelphia, for example, If the speech had been broad- cast from Philadelphia. His reper- tofre will assuredly have to be varied to overcome this difficulty. Personal Contact Lest. There is the “listening i the same personal c style campal is not vet pos: over the radio. One of the controlling reasons for taking the democratic convention to New York, instead of to San Fran- clsco, it now develops, was that the proceedings and speoches at the con- vention can be radioed to the mil- 1tons of voters more readily from the eastern metropolis than from the Pa- cific coast. The high mountains of the west form a barrier against the most perfect results of the radio, it was pointed out. And the great mass will i compelled a much larger It would scarce- drawbacls, t not bring abi tact which the g developed. Tt hands at too, air we have had— | The | congressional action and | | to | o the population of the country is much more sible through the air routa from New York than from San Francisco. fact, practicall lo ith of the population of country fs found within the bord "of New York state its . It is expected that the proceedings of the republican natlonal convention, at Cleveland, Ohio, are to be spreac broadcast to the people by means of the radio. The silver-tongued key note speeches of the presiding officers the nominating addresses, the cheers all will be tted to th L radio It has bee n order to keep th formed as to whau o-te transm s transpir nouncer deseribi is to will be cheering at stration for Mr. ator Hiram Johnso. democratic hosts a Garden are tearing MeAdoo, Underwood other do possibilit oine informed or presidenti Possibilities Tried Out. already beer t officlals Al- | ment, of the Mississippi, Cop York Robinson of Ark King of Utah Sterling of South Dakota, Spencer of Missouri and Oddie of Nevada are among those who had th volces wafted tr ace lthe thousands. Tr speechee 50 far d of a non-politic; speakers havi 1s to reach means Representa stxth congressio ginfa is reported way into the House He baritons volce, wlith charmed the people of Now he sings to his {from Washington by | radto. White most red ture, have & observe waltin Woodrum el have of sung ht a ric! which he district, constitue; means of the T the ing set throug! wheney parts of the be E3 for the coming than in the some of the districts. and democratic s four years ago devices, so that the by evem whic Just as popul country. So the v to be fully prepared campaign—rmuch n past, in ca less populous and rural In the republican natfonal conven | the ampittying | epeakers could be heard immens. ongs were use time in suct ing of the speakers ir greater nun eide the meetins: | successtul first | meetings vention: will be audibl ber of pers halls than in “Tell it to the advic. glven today when o desires spread an argument or a story broau cast. In the past the advice to mec: similar conditlons was, “Telegrap telephone or tell it to a woman.” “Mike” is the pet name for micrc phone—the Instrument which stawic the spoken word on its travel: through the alr. New Highways for U. S. Trade Are Gained by Better Cables HREE extremely important de- velopments in American cable facilities during the last few months open up high- ways to world trade by the United | States of dectded advantage to Amer- fcan business, according to a sur- vey just completed by P. E. D. Nagle, chlef of the transportation division of the Department of Commerce These improved cable factlities, the federal experts are confident, will have a far-reaching effect on inter- national communications and partic- ularly on the dominance of American systems in the western hemisphere. They remove much of the causes for complaint regarding the cable service of this country during the past ten vears. A direct effect on all of our international business and our rela- tions with tho countries of Europe and of South America is certain. Completion of the Commercial Cable Company's new cables from New York via Canso (Nova Scotia) and the Azores to Ireland and France provides an aditional modern cable of much greater capacity than any previously in existence in the lantie Landing rights in the Azores and Portugal have at last been secured by the Western Unlon Telegraph Company. With the final adfustment of this dispute the last obstacle in of direct cable connection with Spain and the Mediterranean is removed The plans of the Italian company ! to extend this service eastward in the Mediterranean to Greece and Con- stantinople will make available an additional route to the near east that has long been a crying need of Amer- fcan business. Cable communication to Santo Do- mingo, Hafti and & number of the lesser Antilles has long been uncer- tain, owing to the many interruptions that occur; but the service was much better than that to Venezuela and the At- | Guianas, cable thr l.plmlfl, the West Indies, the W In Iun ma Telegraph Con {pany, and the Campagnie Franeais {des Cables Telegraphiques. Nelther of these systems has reached all the points In the West Indles that are of importance to American cable users |mm the West Indies and Panan {Company, since the war, has been | such financial position as induced it directors to consider the sale of it properties to some other cable tem. The British government |siderea their purchase, but finall: |abandoned the idea because of th traffic agreements by which the con: pany was bound. These were of suc a natura t neither the British gov ernment nor any American compan: would care to purchase the Wes India and Panama system. The Compagnic Francais des Tele |graphiques, usually called the Frenci 'l('able Compan; to the telegraph business in man islands of the West Indies and Venezuela. These exclusive conces- (stons have made it impossible for many years for any competitor enter these particular points in th territory of the French company. All-American Cables, Inc., at a gen eral meeting of its stockholders last week, held for that special purpos favorably considered the purchase of the United States and Haiti Compan 1and of the West Indian system of the French Cable Company. Such acquisition of these systems |direct cable service from the States over the lines of American companies to practically every point of commergcfal Importance in the West Indies and in Central and South America. It undoubtedly means also a re- habilitation of the worn-out sectlons of existing cable plants and o gen- eral readjustment of cable rates. con has éxclusive rights eans Unite