Evening Star Newspaper, January 20, 1924, Page 33

EDITORIAL PAGE NATION SPEC Part 2—12 Pages SAYS WARS WILL RECUR WITH SECRET DIPLOMACY Senator Owen Declares Parliaments and People Must Affairs. BY G, GOULD LINCOLN. AR, in the opinion of Owen of Oklahoms may be expected to recur with varying frequency, as long as the secret diplomacy and the pri of the European nations ng foreign relatiol careful and tion, made in European degrees svstem of sent method of conduct- continues. Aiter ching investl wrt during a long v capitals, Senator Owen recent!ly laid before the ate of the U ed tes the evidence he had collected to show that the world war the result of de ns of a few men in the foreign offices and on the thrones of Europe, i Until the parliaments and vie the zreat countries world are in control of th. relatiors, therc he no for long pe hold: predicts the tory of the future after read history of the past, contained eoret ingerchanges betwe ieries of rope, between archs of many of the of which are now calle tention of the Senate time, Germans N\, Alone Responsible. Tt is the of Senator Owen that Germany—or even the for- me: imperial German t— may not be held entirely responsible for- the starting of the world flict in 1914, which resulted in killing, wounding and loss of 94,000 men, Probably half as many women and children lost their i as w result of the war and famine and pestilence which followed on the heels 6f the conflict. It has bu-n; estimated that the total cost of this conflict was $208,000,000,000. This is a terrific bill to place against the names of a few dominant ders in the European foreign offi- ces. But nator Owen insists that t chargeable to them, and has produced evidence to support his con- tention. There cret the pe can continued He al hope Owen his- the in chancel- the mon- ries many to the at- for the contention governn con- the is is hope for the end of se- diplomacy in the approaching clevation of Ramsey MacDonald, lead- | r of the labor party in England, to be prime minister of that countrs. Mr. MacDonald, according to news dis patches, proposes to have the foreign relations of Great Britain placed within the control of parliament, in- 1l of being run from No. 10 Down- ng street—the headguarters of the prime minister. Furthermore, there are strong forces moving in France toward a similar end. For Control by People. The first of the fourteen points laid down by former President Wilson, when seeking to bring the world war to a close, accepted’ by the central] vowers as well as the allies, was “the | end of secret diplomac No more effective way of bringing secret di- plomacy to an end can be found, in the opinion of Senator Owen, than | in having the foreign relations of the uations controlled by the people of those nations through their parlia- mentary bodies The United S senator erts, should take the lead | in movement to bring about the wbolition of the old system of secret diplomacy, setting an ampl it does, in favor of open dealing with | foreign nations, known to all the people of this country. In the United States, treaties und agreements with forelgn nations are negotiated by the Chief Executive through the State Department and are then submitted to the Senate of the United States. They have invariably been made public either prior to action by the Senate or immediately after having been approved. In more recent years treatles have been discussed in open executive session of the Senate—as was the case with the Versailles treaty which failed, with the treaty of peace finally completed with Ger- ates, the Oklahoma , Labor Will Have Own Party Says Former Head of Big Union BY JAMES M. LYNCIL (Former president of the International Typographical Union; former New York State Industrial Commissiouer.) HE success that is now the re- ward of the English trades unionists and their allles in the labor party, pointing, it 4 seems, most surely to the control of wovernment and emphasized in the ent elections, will inevitably give impetyus to the efforts that are being made to form a labor party in the Tnited States and then undoubtedly in Canada. In saying this it is recog- nized that there are's number of com binations that now claim to be the al foundation on which labor is constructing its political hopes. It is @ fact, nevertheless, that there is no political organization in this country or in Canada that can be said to rep- resent labor or to which labor gives pronounced fealty, so far as numbers determine the matter. Now, In considering the forward po- litical position of labor in England. it ‘must first be remembered that there we have one nation with a common language, we have a ‘itight little island,” we have an industrial ‘popu- latlon easily reached, and, finally, we have a labor party that is not made up exclusively of wage-earners by any means. Some!of the prominent men in the party are not amllated with any union, nor is such affilla- tion mecessary. Agalp, the labor! group in parllament is in turn di- vided into several schools of political thought, aeéting together, for the present at least, for a common pur- pose. It may be that when labor comes into power we will find these iroups working at cross’ purposes. ‘That 1s a development in labor history | { | tirst | | Austria | the Dardanelles and special influence | { vious to the war, he points out, Rus- AL PROBLEMS IAL ARTICLES EDITORIAL. SECTION The Sunduy Star. Rule Foreign many id Austria and with the I‘l)-‘ lomblan treaty. The tendency here Is constantly to get further and further | away from the closed-door proceeding |in dealing with foreign relations Feasibility Demonstrated. | The washington confer | tmitation of armaments was in measure a revelation to the world. It was conducted openly; the world made familiar with all_the dis ons and transactions of that nee almost as they o curred. The conference demonstrated the fact that it was possibie to han- dle international affairs practically in the open. It was necessary, to be sure, | to hold committee meetings in execu- tive session when the details of pr posed treaties were being discussed. Senator Owen, in his addre Senate, pointed out that the interest of the American people is affec many ways by the conditions e in Europe. Until there is stability in Europe, he said, it will not be possible | for Eur Amerlean goods in the ntity desired, nor will the European nations be able to pay te America the huge war debt. 1f Ame: ican ideals of International ,uhder- standing were adopted by the Euro- | pean nations they would be able to | dis: m to a very large extent, I».llr} ance their budgets, stabilize their cur- | rency and bring about an era of pros- | perity and peace. But Senator Owen contends these results cannot be tained as long as the old mechanism of handling foreign relations, with a few ambitious and dominant heads in control, is continued, nce on us { con- | £ as soon at- | 1 argument to show that it was| hich was’ responsible for the world war, and that the other | diplomats of France, Russia, Great| Britain and other allled nations were | to blame as well as the war lords | and diplomatists of Germany and | id Turkey, Senator Owen | 1aid before the Senate evidence to| prove that a secret treaty was made between Russia and France as long ago as 1892, which really contem- plated the conflict which broke over Europe in 1914; that there were held nine annual secret conferences be- tween the general staffs of Russia and France, contemplating this war; that it was the Russian policy bring about a general war in order to obtain for Russia the control of to | in the Balkans. He presented to the Senate also ex- tracts from the “black book,” the| “white book” and books of every hue | issued by the various countreis deal- ing with the responsibility for bring. ing about the world war, wgelhcrl with coples of correspondence and secret treaties which have been un- carthed since the Russian, German and Austrian imperial governments were overthrown, data which have ! been brought to light for the first | time. i Real Cause of Conflict. | e finds that the actual guilt for the | war is attached to the system of ha ing a few men handle the foreign re- lations of their countries—their | views and actions concealed from the | peoples of their countries, and it is| this that must be combated. Pre- | sia, France, Great Britain and Ger- | many were conspicuously seeking to| expand thelr control over the sur- face of the earth. Great Britain, through fts forelgn office and mili- tary, had extended its power until it controlled 440,000,000 people; Russia occupied one-sixth of the earth’s sur- face and governed 150,000,000 people; France, with its golonles, governed about 90,000,000 people, and Germany had control over vast provinces in Africa and the far east. It was the aim of the men in control of the for- elgn officed constantly to extend these dominions, and such aims inevitably led to wa. | that we are not unfamiliar with in the United States. In this country we have the melt- | ing pot. We still have many lan-| guages. We have a large number of nationalities, with their varlous divi- | slons and customs, according to the | particular part of the same country ' from*® which they come. We have newspapers, daily and weekly, pub- lished In foreign languages, read by those who can read only their native tongue or idiom, to the exclusion of publicatiohs In the English language. Millions of these people are wage- rarners, and many of them center in some certain section of this republic | or of the dominion to the north, Take, | tor example, the Jews of the east | side of New York and the papers | published in Yiddish, a combination | ant many tongues, for their benefit. ' of many tongues, for their benefit. | is briefly stated one of the greatest obstacles to the organization of labor politically on this continent. 2 We now take the. immigrant into the union and traln him for citizen- ship. It is in the union that many | of these new workers in this country get their first idea of democracy. And because they have this enlarged vision of their economic power they | are too often easy material for the radical and the visionary. 'If they can obtain so much more for thelr labor than they ever before knew they could sell it for, what could they not do if they would but combine on the rolitical flele? Here is a mighty land that they could do with as they please, possess it and all the riches thereof, te accommodate to their will and their desires. Vote for this or for that program, and when success (Continued on Third Page.) lis b | vacation had agreed with WASHINGTON, D. €., SUNDAY MORNING, JANUARY 20, 924 U. S. Backing of England Would Force France to Back Down, Says Nitti of Itaiy BY DREW PEARSON. HE United States Is much to blame for Europe’s chaos. The American people are the poorest informed in the world concerning Europe. But if they knew the facts they would work out a “common sense” solution for Europe’s oblems. - If America would back England, France would back down. These are some of the emphatic statements made by Signor Francesca Nitti, former prime minister of Italy, after his\return from a year of vir- tual exile. Nitti has come back to Rome. That is the most sigpificant event in recent Italian politics. Ever since Mussolini and his fascist black- shirts stormed the Eternal City one year ago, Nitti's seat in parliament bas been significantly vacant. No one knew exactly where he was. To- day few people know that he has re- turned Rome. But when I sur- prised him at his house the day after his arrival, two of Mussolini's care- biniri were guard In the street outside That is rumor says under the prot wse the his government But in Rome there significa For Roman that if Nitti has returned ion of Mussolini, it latter w use him In rumor says are Castor Oil Won. Nitti gave the soclalists udvice; Mussolini gave them castor oll. To- day tti is a man without a party Mussolini rules Ita All of which means nothing, for in It an po tics the man makes the party, the party does not make the man. Thus today s old follewers root for Mussolini; tomerrow for a de gogue, and 0 on But Signor Nitti, party or no party. stands head and shoulders o rivals as an economist-statesm international politician. Bef solini deprived him of h was professor of economic: University of Naples, b an active seat in parl ng as minister of fir of the treasury, and finding time to write a small library of internation- ally famous books. On the table of his study T saw copies of his works published in the English, French, German, Dutch, Swedish, and Russian languag His most re- cent book, “The Tragedy of Europe; What Will America Do?" was written during his year of exile. Signor Nitti looks as 1¢ his political him. His little whiter, and his mustache, contrast, scems a little blacker. His doub chin still bulges over his seventeen-inch collar, and his eves sparkle with good hu- mor as much or even more than ever. He knows what he wants to say, and he says it in short, crisp sentences. Spoke Frankly. Perhaps because he had not talked to a journalist for a year, Signor Nitti threw political caution to the winds, and spoke with astonishing frankness “The war has left two great pow- ers in Burope—England and Fran the ex-premier began, lighting s filling ment, serv- ce, hair, perhaps. is a a cigarette and settling back for a iong | conversation. “England entered the war because of Belgium—so she said But all the world entered the war be- cause of Belgium. In reality, land fought to crush German sea power. Well, she accomplished this, “France, also, had her secret war atme. She wanted dismemberment of Germany. Continental supremacy Is her tradition and history. Witness France, Louis XIV, Napoleon, and now—Poincare. As far back as 1917 she began secret negotiations with Russia for the break-up of Germany. The terms of the armistice were drawn up with that end in view. “The world first saw her designs at the Washington conference, when she refused to abolish the submarine. Then she bullt an air fleet four times the size of any other power. So Eng- land emerged from the war to find that she had gained nothing. The German navy was crushed, but 2 new France could cut oft the food supply | | annexes to the treaty of Versailles. |with the idea that this debt and[would back down." of her islands in twenty-four hours anythng, minister | Eng- | | i 1 i | “The United States is much i | | {and middle states rule the Sena | Former Premier Nitti of Italy Says: | to blame for Europe's chaos” ! Hungarian | “England nothing.” Germany's navy the food supply of the Bri is “The Ruhr Ruhr France . is the the ruins German The effect of Fra “The American people are the world concerning Europe.” France had a definite plan. the water with the submarine, over the water with the airplane, on land with poison’ gas and black troops— ¥ 3 s supr To rule the continent she needed two other face tors, iron and coal. set out to get them. First she took the Saar valley, then put her finger into Cpper Silesia and saw that Poland was favored in its division. Now it is the Ruhr “France talks of repurations. The American people think that France invaded the Ruhr to secure tion payments. That is all fog. invaded the Ruhr because she needs coke, and beciuse she intends to break up Germany. She will keep the Rulr as a separate political state, economically a part of France. “The Ruhr is only about 120" miles square, but it is the vertebrae of central Europe. It is the foundation of German industry. In it are more industrial and chemical experts than in all Europe. From it come not only coke, but the chemical products which were one of Germany's chief exports. In seizing the Ruhr, France ruins Germany. . “France planned for all this in her nee w me. She 1o | “Ii America would back England, France would back down.” s emerged from the war to find she crushed, but <h island in twenty-four hours vertebrae of central Europe. 's policy on Europe is chaos and decay | Under | repara- | She | gained | | | a new France can ¢ In seizing the poorest informed of any in These annexes were considered unim- | rortant. I doubt if Lloyd George and | Wilson took the trouble to read them. But from France's point of view they were the backbone of the treaty. | | Personally, 1 don’t blame your Sen- | | ate for rejecting it.” Signor Nitti paused to light an-; other cigarette. Apparently he could | |not talk wfthout one. He had the! trick of keeping his cigarette stuck | under his upper lip, so that it bobbed {up and down while he talked. Predicts Chaos. | “What is going to be the effect of | France's policy upon Europe? I, | asked to get him back on the subject. | “Chaos and decay,” he replied with | the characteristic Itallan shrug. i “Your excellency is a pessimist,” suggested. 0, by nature I am an optimist. But I belleve in facing the facts. 1| can prove my statement by facts. “The French national debt taday is 350 billion gold franes. The ane nual deficit of the French govern. ment is 15 billlons. France paye neither principal, Interest on her debt nor her own current govegament ex penses. She deludes her taxpayers & |an Italian and I can deficit will be collected from Ger- many. She has ruined Germany, and at the same time collected nothing. Moreover, she has ruined herself with vain expectations. The two | countries have destroyed each other. “What should America do about it?" “Know the facts. At present the American people are the poorest in- formed of any in the world concern- ing Europe. Part of your public opinion has an honest and sincere regard for France, which it formed during the war; part Is deluded by propaganda. U. S. Hard to Understand. “It is nearly as difficult for Euro- peans to understand American poli- tics as it is for Americans to un- derstand Europe. We have had to {learn that vour President and am- bassadors had no power to make treaties. It has been difficult for us to understand that since each state elects two senators, the numerous but less densely populated western “Your excellency understands Americah politics like an old-timer,” L intePrupted. At which Signor Nitti laughed so heartily that his cigar- ette dropped to the floor. “Yes,” he chuckled, “I was there buying munitions. And I know that it was these western states which said: ‘We can do without Europe. The United States is a self-support- ing country’ This Is all changing now, for these agricultural states find that they must export. I understand that about 5,000,000 people have mi- | grated frofa the country to the cities in recent years. This is a grave economic situation and proves that agriculture does not pay. The Euro- pean market is lost ‘America's two best customers be- fore the war were Germany and Eng- Germany is gone now. The market crippled, because industry depends upon Ger- land. English Englis! many. Your Asiatic commerce is a myth America sells more to little Holland than she does to India, Japan combined. South America is equally inmpossible, since the prosper- | ity of that continent is dependent upon the export of her raw materials to Europe. “What do you think of our present policy toward Europe?’ I asked Blames America. “You blame for Europe's mess. While he walted for this to in, Signor Nittl lit his fifth cigarette, end then proceeded to gnswer niy un- spoken question: “Because of your ignorance of Eu- rope and your failure to play a strong Land at the conference tab because the armistice was not a peac of force mejeure, but a peace of poli- tics. The German front crumbled because of Wilson's notes maintain- are to ing that the allies were not fighting | the German people, but only their rulers. Toda ing? The German people, is she not? You Americuns did not keep your word.” “But what should the United States » today?” I asked again. “That is not for me do it advise you. You would resent my suggestion: Americans can be led, not driven. But I am confident that you will find yourselves. All that I ask is that ou know the facts. “America is a common s There are two kind imperialism of the nse coun- of impe- rialis ing'to a free translation, ‘bonehead’). America is ruled by the first.” Although Signor Nitt! refused give his personal opinion on Ameri- can policy toward Europe, during the to course of our further conversation, ! he made this significant statement: “We Italians believe that England |is the only country which has made an honest attempt to re-establish, peace In Europe. She has to have peace, for upon peace rests her deli- cate commercial system.” And then inadvertently he let slip what seemed to be the crux of his advice: “If America would back England, France King Alfonso Tells How He Aided Revolt Against Political Corruption BY G. WARD PRICE. (British War Correspondent.) ADRID, Spain—How Gen. Primo De Rivera and his directory of eight generals . seize power frrom what was admittedly a corrupt parllamentary gov- ernment is well known, but I have had the privilege of being the first journalist to hear from King Al- fonso himself the story of the part he played in the national crisis. His majesty received me in a small study in the great white stone palace at Madrid—slim, active, an, athletic sovereign in brown jacket suit, soft collar and knitted silk tie. His vig- orous Interest in life is expressed by his voice and bearing. In any other position King Alfonso would still have been a live personality. As he began to talk of the new regime in Spain the king claimed, with a smile, to have had considerable experience of government. *I have been king twenty-two years,” ho said. ‘When previous attempts at a coup d'etat were made In Spain the king always set his face against it. On two earlier occasions last year, Feb- ruary and May, he took steps to re- strain movements of the kind which came to his knowledge, holding that such action was only beneficial when public opinion was ready for thestep. adopted an attitude of approval toward the arrival in power of the present government,” said the king, “because 1 was satisfled that the na- tion desired it and would support a new ministry with a whole heart. Of the actual preparation for the step Gen. Primo De Rivera took I had Leard nothing, though I knew'there was a strong dissatisfaction with the abuses of the old parliamentary regime among the high officers in the army.” At the moment that Gen De Rivera took action the king was staying at San Sebastian. He realized immedi- ately that a national crisis of a su- preme kind had arrived. “All that night I was on the tele- phone, with only two hours' sleep,” For $200,000,000 Approval of the McNary bill, pro- posing the creation of a $200,000,000 agricultural export corporation to dispose of surplus farm products abroad was given before the Senate agriculture committee yesterday by rep- resentatives of wheat growers of the northwest. The blll is the third of the trio of major farm relief meas- ures taken up by the committee which has indicated its intention to expe- dite a report. , Prof. H. C. Dale of the University of Idaho expressed the opinion that the McNary bill would have an im- mediate influence upon the price of staple farm productS by eliminating the adverse effect of “exportable sur- plus.” s Answering Questions by Senator Ral- Wheat Growers Back the McNary he said, “getting reports from dif- ferent parts of Spain as to how the movement was being received by the public. Meanwhile the monarch received a telegram from Gen. Primo De Rivera saying: “I have taken the extreme course. I assure your majesty of the army’s devotion and my own, but I beg you very respectfully to dismiss | your present ministers. I hold my- self entirely at your majesty’s or- ders.” To this the king replied that he Bill Export Corporation ston, democrat, Indiana, as to the cause of the present low price, “in view of existing dutles,” the witness sald, in his opinion, they grew out of “price fixing in Europe on the basis of the market price of the American sur- plu i “I do not believe the tariff has had any influence upon the market price of wheat so far as the northwest is con- cerned,” interjected Semator Gooding, republican, Idaho. Other witnesses, including farmers from Idaho and Montana, expressed conviction that the McNary bill would afford more than emergency relief. S et A device which registers the exact lguucn of the planist has been Invented by a musiclan, relied on Gen. Primo keeping order among the troops in the region under his command, and that he must awalt further instructions from him. “The problem for me at this erisis,” the king continued, “was to avert a clvil war in Spain. Befora I-made up my mind to recognize the step Gen. Primo had taken I needed to know what the majority of the nation thought. The general's action in Itself was unconstitutional, and no one but myself had power to regu- larize it, if I believed it was in the best Interests of the nation to do so. “Hud I taken a less decided course, difterence of opinfon might have broken out in violent form in the army, or between the army and the rest of the natlon, and civil war would have resulted. But hardly had I returned from San Sebastian to the capitol before it became clear to me that the Spanish nation as a whole decidedly welcomed the attempt which the geheral had undertaken to re- form the administration. “Grave political abuses had grown up throughout Spain which had led to the persecution of that part of the population in each constituency which was against the party in power. So I at once gave my full confidence to the new government. The conse- quence was that this difficult consti- tutional crisis passed over without a single drop of blood being shed or a single individual being im- prisoned.” (Copyright, 1924, United Btates by North Anerican” Newspaper Alliance: o Great Brltain, by London, Daily Mail: in outh Americh, by La Naclon. Al rights reserved.) China and . who is France fight-| intellect | and imperialism of ‘la bete’ (accord- | BY OLIVER OWEN KUKN. ROM a .seeming Indetermina- ble state of uncertainty, po- litical and soclal conditions in Europe have begun to take definite trends. Where doubt refgned for years, or ever since the treaty of Versailles was signed, various natfons of the old worl&.are getting about the business of put- ting their respective houses in order. Coupled with this, there prevails in the chancelleries of the various pow- ers a well defined conclusion that international relations cannot und must not be permitted to continue as they have, for, In disorganization, lack of policy and continued rival- ries and jealousles future trouble ¥s seen. When a man with the vision of Ramsay Macdonald, future prime minister of England, declares that something must be done immediately and that conditions on the continent today approach the dangerous ones of 1912, there can he no doubt in the mind of the laymen that some- thing is.about to be done During the past month rapid |strides have been taken in crystal- lizing various nationalistic policies, | tinctured, of course, by the expe- {diency of caterlng somewhat to the {viewpoints of war-time allies. But {during the past week it truthfully imay be said that the feet of Europe have been lifted to firmer ground. If respective governments follow the pathways of reconstruction and tend toward a spirit of give and take all will be well. England's advance is forecast in the | possible assumption of Ramsay Mac- donald to the premiership, he having allayed uncertainty and doubt in more conservative circles by his pronunci- amentoes as to the British govern- ment's duties at home and abroad. Financlers Begin Work. In France the international comr tee of financiers co-operating with the reparations commission has taken | a long stride forward in determining Germany shall do and not do in regard to reparations and stabiliza- tion of her currency. Gen. Charles M. Dawes made it plain to the repre- sentagives of various natlons that there should be no “dilly-dallying,” in fview of the urgency of continental {affairs and reconstruction. He also announced that national desires, j ousfes and hies would weigh {for naught in adjudication of Ger- |many's financial problems and in | recommendations to be made later to the reparatfons commission.. The de- | termined attitude of the American | chairman of the commission, his firm |stand that justice shall be done, and |at the earliest period, has been re- | flected in the market places of the old world. Where two weeks ago there was much doubt and indecision, today there is firmer conviction that after all there will be a settlement of the reparations problem, admittedly the one great obstacle to an early and | successtul olution of Europe's politi- cal and economic woes. Germany re- flects this optimiem, and a spirit of ioptimism prevails. German currency has been stable for almost an entire week, a situation unheard of since Germany's political and financial sun began to set with the close of the war. . The French sovernment has at last been forced to do what financiersand ! economists of the world have urged as necessary—the stabilization of | French finances by an increase in es. To close students the in- {creased 20 per cent levy will not be |eftective, however, unless the French |government shows some disposition jto assess and then collect vast "l amounts from the so-called war and | reconstruction profiteers of the nation, | who, because of their political affili- jations, have so far escaped levies |commensurate to those assessed against capital in other countries of | Europe. However, it is a step in the jright direction. Although the franc, las a result of the French govern- ment's move, ascended somewhat from the extremely low levels recorded learly in the week, nevertheless it is admitted that much more must be done before it recovers its tremen- | dous losses of recent weeks, it selling as low as 4 cents on the exchanges |in New York. It is not believed that | the franc ever will recover until the political policies of the government have been modified, and particularly the size of the French military forces reduced, for it is recognized that the | tremendous military burden France is | carrying has done and will continue | to do more damage to the French ex- chequer than any other thing. With curtailment of political ambitions of the Poincare government, coupled, as {it must be, by reduction in the mili- itary forces of the nation, will come | greater confidence in French finances in the marts of the werld, with sub- | sequent strength to the franc. i Poincare Still Firm. Though the advance of the franc caused greater confidence in France's financial position, nevertheless there must be & spirit of nervousness, owing to the speech of Premier Poincare on Friday in the French chamber of deputies. A week ago the French premier Indicated a policy in accord- ance with the desires of other na- tions, looking to &n unrestricted set- tlement with Germany. Polncare, in his latest utterance, however, de- clared that the work of the financiers would be restricted to the terms of the treaty of Versailles and that France would demand 26,000,000,000 marks in gold to the account of “A" and “B” bonds, leaving the “C” bonds for adjudication when the question of interalljed debts is considered. He declared there would be no modifica- tion of French policy in regard to the Ruhr. In fact, he reiterated the policy to which he has so tenaciously olung since the French adventure in | iety N éws has | 1t- | NATIONS PLACING FEET | ON FIRMER PATHWAYS Uncertainty and Restlessness That Have Prevailed for Years Believed to Be Ending. the Ruhr first started. Inasmuch a International political experts recog- nize in this old policy a stumbling block to any settlement, there is some skepticism as to what the financial commission may or may not be able to accomplish further than set in mo- tion steps toward the stabilization of German currency. 5 No matter how stable German cur rency may become, it will not remain 80 unless, first of all, Germany is per mitted to restore her industrial and fnancial life and be permitted 2 moratorium for a period of four to six years, or until she may recove: from present evil economic and social conditions. Herr Schacht, governor of the reichshank," father of the rentenmark the newer and more stable German: currenc will arrive in Paris today with his advisers and on Mon €ay wliil appear before the finaneial :ommission to reveal just what Ger- many may or may not do under pres- ent circumstances. He will be given a fair hearing, and the financial perts then may adjourn their P nd go to Germany to make investigation. Under the whip of Gen. Dawes much work al- ready has been dons and it is ex pected that within a space of a ver: few weeks the financial experts will have practi recomme: tions to make to the reparations commission German government Is are declared to be particularly desirou of proving to the financial expert that they are and will co-operate in svery degree in order to prove Ger many's good faith If Germany cai prove her good faith in the adjus ment of her financial affairs, unque tionably the financial experts will i far In their recommendations helping Germany to her feet Macdonald's Creed One of the |nouncements in Europ vear, barring possibly Dawes own utterances in opening the mee ings of the financial experts, fas th of Ramsay Macdonald in the con mons and which foreshadows E land's stand in continental affairs declared: . “I welco: the question ‘.x‘ foreiz lafrairs” he said. “The position be comes more and more serious. ‘At this moment Great stands toward continental KEurops with no decisive or effective poli It Is time we had a change in that re spect.” It was a very curious and melan- choly thing, he went on, that the results of the last election and the prospects of a change In government had done more to bring Great Brit ain’s influence into the minds of the dominating continental than the last twelve months of the government. From & humanitarian viewpoint, what was going central Europe absolutely plorable, “Any one with a heart or any mon human sentiment, reading the tales of destitution and experiences the harrow that is being driven over the men and women and-the children. above all, who has felt no impelling sentiment as a result, is certainiy not the type of man or woman we have lbeen proud to associate with tiw Iname glishman,” he id. “That ought to be stopped. T country ought to speak quite plainly about it, and ought to be prepared take its share in starting policies and creating machinery that wouald effe tually stop what I have described. Dangers Like Those of 1012, “From a political viewpoint, ever day accumulates danger. The state of Europe fs far nearer that of 1912 than any one cares to think about rival armies, rival nationalist policies Ithe expenditure of enormous skms o money not on reconstruction, but i | preparing again for destruction; na- {tions that were allies glaring acr |at cach other in only semiconcea! hostility. | “That is the sort of thing requiring the whole-hearted Landing ‘together of the men and women of good will jof all parties, to try to bring back the sane, serious, solemn influence of this country, so that a new leaf may be turned and new prospects opened, “We want more skillful handling of diplomacy and more objective observ- ance of other people’s susceptibilities nd at the same time a friendly but rm assertion of our own interests {We want a European outlook in the backeground of all and, given that, T do not yet despair of Europe. “We must have a new beginning We cannot be disregarded; our In- terest will not allow us to be disre- garded, and I am perfectly certain that no nation in Europe wishes to disregard us if we show enough self- respect to impress it upon them.” Macdonald’s utterances, are tinc- tured with mercy, but bear unmis takable evidence of an iron deter- mination. On how far he may in- fluence the labor groups of other na- tions to co-operate, of course de- pends his future eftectiveness in swaying other nations to his view- polnt, that but vaclilating forelgn and domestic policies that have prevalled in England since the time of Lloyd George are at an end must be taken for granted. And, with firm deter- mination to Impress its viewpoint in continental settlements, England may yet prove the dominating force, not- withstanding France's apparent de- cided advantage at the moment. ex- most significant in the pas Gen. H Brjtain statesmen s on it was de con Scent in Gems. The perfume of precious stones was discussed in a lecture in Geneva re- cently, says the New York Worid, by the French jewel expert De Hen {laer. Some stones, such as the em- erald, he said, give a subtle, pleasant scent when reduced to powder, while others, among them diamonds, have & disagreeable odor.