Evening Star Newspaper, December 3, 1923, Page 6

6 THE EVENING —_— THE EVENING STAR With Surday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. MONDAY.,.,....December 3, 1923 THEODORE W. NOYES. . ..Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Businers Office, 11th 5t. and Penosyivania Ave New York Office: 110 East 2nd St. Chicago Office: Tower Bullding. Buropean Office: 18 Regent St., London, England, The Evening Bta with the Sunday morning edition, s delivered by ca: fers within the : dally only, 45 | Dhone Main 5000, - Collection ta mi Tiers at the ead of each montD. Rate by Mall—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia, Daily and Sunday. . $8.40; 1 mo., 70c Dally only. $6.00; 1 mo., 50c Sunday only. yr., $2.40; 1 mo., 20 All Other States. Dafly and Sunday.1yr., $10.00. Dalily only. yr., $7.00: 1-mo. Bunday oniy. 1yr., $5.00i1mo., 25¢ Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press ix exciusiyely entitled o the use for republication of all news dis- patches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this paper and also the local news pub. isbed ‘berein. ~All rights of publics tehes herein : 1mo., 85¢ The Session Opens. ‘Washington welcomes Congress agein. For a very long period it had it “on its hands,” as Grover Cleveland id, almost continuously. The recent recess or lapse betwaen the Sixty- mseventh and the Sixty-elghth Con- gresses has been the longest in decade. 1t is not only a brand-new Congress, but it Is a Congress of many new members. The election of last year brought a materfal turnover in personnel. Some of the old-time lead- ers have gone, some of them by death and some by failure of renom- ination or re-election. On this first day of the session there 45 some confusion in respect to or- sanization. Will the progressives in the two houses, who virtually hold the balance of power, effect a delay? ‘They are seeking advantages in the change of rules, in appointments to committees, In the designation of the officers of the two houses. They are members of the majority party in the main, but seek a different line of legislative resuits than those proposed Dby the greater number of their party. Delay in the organization of either House or Senate will be a loss of valu- &ble time. Although this session has no time limit—short of next Decem- ‘ber—it has a political limit in that for yurposes of campaigning it is the wish of the republicans to complete & program of legislation before the opening of the presidential campaign. A campaign in prospect is always a hastener of action. As a result of the development of the budget system work on the appro- priation bills has been lessened, and those measures should not absorb the time of the House and Senate as greatly as heretofore. These bills may be used as vehicles for leglislative pro- posals, though under the present rules that is difficult to accomplish. If they are kept strictly to their appropria- tive purposes and scope they should be out of the way early in the session save for a few controverted points in- volving questions of policy. Railroad legislation, bonus legisla- tion, tax-reduction legislation, farm- ers’ relief measures, these are the most important questions with which Congress will have to deal. They all involve discussion. They are all pos- sible causes of delay. In the Senate treaties will call for consideration. In both houses campaign material will be made in the form of speeches on all questions, and on both sid: It is plain that one of the most interesting sessions of Congress ever held is now opening. a Gov. Pinchot’s Coal Plan. Gov. Pinchot of Pennsylvania has ment invitations to the governors of anthracite-consuming states for an- other conference at Harrisburg De- cellor has authority to dissolve the reichstag and call new elections. Decislon by the eoclalists either to absent themselves from the meeting or ! to vote against the government’s pro- gram leaves open the possibility that by abstaining from participation they may leave the government with a ma- jority. It is perhaps not the present wish of the socialists to precipitate dissolution and a general election. Thus it is possible that the “crisis™ that has been several times @ap- proached recently will be postponed. But Germany cannot walt indefinite- ly for a constructive legislative and administrative program of procedure. Fiscal reforms are imperative. The budget must be brought closer to a balance. At present the national rev- 'enues are far below expenditures. Deficit is the order of the day, and has heretofore been met by inflation, which is simply trying to quench a fire by adding fuel. One of the features of the Marx ninistry program, it is reported, {s a drastic retrenchment in government expenses, including @ 25 per cent re- duction of the personnel of the gov- erpment and an increase of the re- maining force to ten hours a day. This indicates that there has been a heavy padding of the government pay roll by the appointment of superfluous workers, or near workers. It will be interesting to note the reaction from the squeezing out of this needless ma- terfal if the proposition is carried into effict Budget balancing and currency re- form are the v requirements in Germany at present. If Dr. Marx can accomplish this he will have been the miracle man of his country. But that expectation to this end is not high is attested by the fact that he goes to the reichstag with an order for dis solution In his pocket. If a general election follows all sorts of possibili- tles are opened up, with an end that cannot be foretold. 1 1 The British Campaign. A singular situation prevails in the British campalgn which closes Thurs- day with a general election. Premler Baldwin's party has declared for pro- tection, and the liberal and labor par- | ties have declared for free trade. The | fight has been definitely along those {lines. Candidates have been named for parliamentary scats with regard to their free trade or protection views. In the canvass thus far a pronounced preponderance of sentiment against protection has been demonstrated, and it is generally expected that the vote for free trade will in the totals ex- ceed the vote for protection by a heavy margin. Lloyd George, return- ing to London from a campaign four, has predicted a million majority for tree trade, and some observers have expressed the opinfon that this s a conservative estimate. Still, it is not belleved that even { such @ heavy preponderance of free- trade sentiment will cause the fmme- {diate ouster of the ministry. This is owing to the division of the opposi- tlon between the liberals and the la- borftes. The fight is really between ! those two factors. Though both are opposed to the ministry, and both bave espoused the free-trade cause, they are contending for the position of chiet and “official” opposition in parliament. There is no prospect of a ! coalition between them in support of a liberal-labor ministry. The liberals themselves do not care to go partners with the rival opposition party. Thus the outlook is that the con- servatives will be returned as a minority party, but strong enough to organize @s egainst the liberals and the laborftes. Malntenance of a min- istry in such conditfons would be dif- ficult. It will depend upon “borrowed" votes, probably from the liberal side, in support of its policies. But if the election turns out as the signs now indicate 1t cannot depend upon the liberals or the laborites for protec- tionist measures. 1t will be indeed strange if the con- i cember 13 to further consider @ plan | Servatives, denied a majority on the of co-operation among the states and ‘with the federal government to regu- late the production and sale of an- thracite. In his letter he points out that no one doubts the need of relief. ‘The question is not whether the peo- ple should be relleved, but how. “Neither generalities nor denuncia- tion nor good wishes can relleve them,” he says. “Action alone can.” score of thelr protectionist proposals, though remaining the largest group numerically, should be able to main- tain a ministry for any length of time. They have elected to go to the country on that issue, and if they are beaton on it through denial of an ab- solute majority they will be in an anomalous position. ———————— He will propose a definite and spe- cific plan, “against which,” he says, *the only charge that can be made is that it is new.” He will propose a compact among the states which he says will offer a uniform and un- broken system of control along the whole line from the mouth of the mine to the consumer’s bin, which ‘will supply & more powerful means to curb the exactions of monopoly than has ever vet been used in America. Gov. Pinchot adds that if that is true 1t would seem reasonable to ask for &n open-minded examination of what the proposed compact is and can do, and unless examination dlscloses such weaknesses as are known to exist In the ineffective methods now in use, to hope for co-operation in a full end fair trial. This is a fair enough proposition. Gov. Pinchot is trying to help the people against the monopolists and profiteers. He only asks for con- sideration of his plan. He Is sincere in his effort, and his plea for an ex- amination ought not to be recetved with indifference. ——— Any doubt as to the prosperity of the nation is set at rest by the statis- tics indicating the ability of the public to pay food prices 7 or 8 per cent higher than they were & year ago. Marx and the Reichstag. Germany faces another ‘‘crisis,” scheduled, according to the dis- patches, for tomorrow, when the reichstag will declare itself with re- spect to the new Marx ministry. The socialists have already resolved either to absent themselves from the meet- ing or to vote against the bill giving the cabinet plenary powers on finan- cial matters, particularly taxation. ‘The new chancellor will, in effect, ask & vote of confidence for the program ‘which will be offered In a specific measure, following a formal state ment to be delivered to the reichstag by Dr. Marx in person. If this vote 2 refused, it is understood, the chan- A lady runping for the house of commons was so severely hurt in Glasgow that she had to be taken to the hospital. In some parts of the world the game of politics threatens to be mistaken for a variety of foot ball. If an abundance of red tape can be thrown about proceedings relating to contempt of court the complaints about the law's delays may become even more frequent than et present. —_—————— In a short time the public will know all that there is to be known about King Tut. These investigations are slow work. . The Foot Ball Game. ‘Washington has proved that it can handle & major foot ball game, that it can give accommodation to the crowd that comes from afar and make its own considerable contribution to the number of spectators. At the Army-Marine game there were 40,000 people, and there was room for more at the Griffith Stadium. Though the stadlum is in & quarter of the city which is closely bullt, and where many of the streets are narrow, there ‘was no undue congestion of persons and machines, and the great crowd dispersed with no more than normal inconvenfence when the Quantico Marine eleven made the winning touchdown In the last minute of the game. After two hours of tenseness on the part of the throng, &nd hard and earnest play by the contestants or combatants, the crowd plunged for the exits, and they proved big enough to let the throng pass out. Of course, there was something of & jam. That must always be the case where a crowd of 40,000 suddenly breaks up. There was pushing and there wer® crowded street cars, but the streets and the traction compenies stood the strain. The police kept the thousands of motor cars moving in good order out of the fapt ball district, and soon | the scene of the struggle was as quiet as before the game. Steam rallroad transportation was adequate. The small, food shops, the lunchrooms and hotels met require- [manu. and no complaint of over- charging is heard. In the matter of \fter-the-game hospitality and amuse- ! ment Washington met all demands. There were balls, suppers, receptions, impromptu concerts and Jjubilant crowds surging through the streets, but Washington did its duty by the victors and the vanquished and the agions of their friends. It has been surprising to many per- tons that Washington, which has han- dled inauguration crowds, a Shrine convention and other big assemblies of the world, should be thought by some incapable of entertalning a major foot ball game. The old city has set that doubt at rest, and Wash- ington will be glad to receive the sol- Qlers and marines again, and extends | an invitation to the next year's West { Point-Annapolis game and to the games of the big university elevens. No More White House Dogs. President Coolidge in effect closes the doors to further gifts of dogs. He 80 told a caller the other day who intimated that he would like to add to the canine collection. There are now three dogs in the White House kennels, an Airedale, a wire-haired ter- rier and a collie. That is a good combination, representing a wide range of canine pulchritude and at tractiveness. So far as known, they are good friends. Well bred dog: who, are well kept are not quarr some, and the White House dogs are of the highest breed and have the best of attention. Undoubtedly the American people like to know there is @ dog in the ‘White House grounds. An American home always seems more complete with a dog or 80 on the premises, and the White House is, with all its offi- cial restrictions and responsibilities, a true American home. Our Presidents have made it a veritable residence, a place of family assemblage. It is & “house” and not a “palace’” During the administration of President Hard- ing Laddie Boy became a national institution. His successors under Mr. Coolidge's administration are already well known to the people and there s no pleasanter sight than these three animals romping about the lawn or lying, with the dignity that a dog, whatever his nature, can always main- taln, watching the passing show. Mr. Coolidge likes dogs, but not to excess. Three are enough. And so, with the word passing that the ken- nels are full, there will probably no more arrivals and Paul Pry, Peter Pan and Oshkosh will remain the sole guardians of the place. —————— General indignation is eroused by the discovery that thousands of men have been given fake diplomas as physicians. In a fe deavor inexperience with its presuma- ble freedom from prejudice has been considered desfrable, But this theory cannot find any favor whatever in connection with the practice of medi- { cine or surgery. B e — Germany has managed her cur- rency in a way to render any study of her monetary system and financial resources as intricately interesting as possible. —————— 1In the rush to get hats into the ring candidates have thus far succeeded pretty well in not treading seriously on one another's toes. ———————— After considerable turbulence, Lenin and Trotsky appear to be among the few comfortable and secure holders on the European continent. —————— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. ‘Taskmaster. Santa Claus is ever genial, So the story tellers say. But he is no humble menial ‘Walting orders with a sleigh. He permits no laggard surly ‘To obstruct his purpose fine. When old Santa says, “Shop early! Everybody gets in line. Everybody brings a bundle To the holiday parade, For the wagons cannot trundle Purchages that must be made. In this season sentimental There's no place for any shirk. Santa Claus is kind and gentle, But he always makes you work. Politiclans All. “Would you advise a young man to keep out of politics?" “No,” replied Senator Sorghum. “It can't be done. Everybody's got to do something in a political way, even if he only pays taxes regardless of what he 18 getting for his money."” Jud Tunkins says he would like to get a bill through Congress to help finance all the people in his family who want to shop early for Christmas. Bygones. “‘Let bygones be bygones,” philosophy #ings. P They are bound to be ture of things. “Let bygones be bygones!” we lift the refrain. Its comfort is small when you've just missed a train. such in the na- Getting Acquainted. “People are known by what they laugh at,” said the ready-made philoso- | pher. “That may have been true long ago,” commented Miss Cayenne. “But now the most accurate way to judge people is by the phonograph records they dance to.” Local Pride. “What's your objection to reckless driving? Crimson Gulch was never noted for extraordinary caution.” “We eain’'t afraid of danger,” an- swered Cactus Joe. “But hittin’ a man with a filvver shows bad aim, and ain’t no credit to anybody.” —_— . “Give a man a shotgun an’ a dog,"” #aid Uncle Eben, “an’ he'll manage to stand day after day of unemployment wifout & murmur,t be ! v branches of en- | office | STAR, WASHINGTON, —e e 2 D. C, MONDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1923, WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC Washington {s itselt again. Con- gress is in session. Capitol Hill, In eclipse since March 4, 1928, once more has the center of the stage. The annual season of treasons, strat- agems and spolls gives every Indica- tion of liveliness. Not within the meniory of the living generation has Congress been opened amld more thrilling conditions. The political stake. The republicans hold * power by the slenderest of margins. A battling insurgent, as hungry for revenge as Shylock, commands a balance of strength that can play incalculable havoc. The democratic party, scent- ing natfonal victory In 1924, will watch for openings with an eagle- eved vigllance. As for the country, clamoring for rellef in a host of di- rections, it hopes for the best and waits for the worst, * ok ok In Secretary Hughes' comprehen- sive review of American foreign pol- icy in Philadelphia last week there was a passage that has not recelved the attention it deserves. It was his assertion that the United States considers as “‘unfinished business” the problem of limitation of land armaments. n that casual allusion lies the promise that Amerlea one day will ask the mili- tary powers of the world to approach the task of cutting down armies just as them at Washington in cut down navies. Mr. Hughes' exact words were: “It had been the desire of our government that the project of re- duction or limitation of armament which failed in the first conference &t The Hague In 1899 should be taken up in the second conference in 150 And we then considered this matter, and we still consider it, 80 far as land armament {s concerned, as ‘unfinished business,' to use the phrase found in to the instructions to our delegates at| the second Hague conferenc * e %% Northampton, Mass., the home town of President Coolidge, has just pald him the highest honor within its gift. It has named Its new $10,000 motion pleture palace “The Calvin” A res- taurant on 14th street, Washington, beat Northampton to it in immor- talizing _the President's name. It added “Poached Exgs a la Coolidge” to its bill of fare shortly after the present tenant of the White House moved tn. > X The blue-ribbon sclentific distine- tion of the United States Navy post of superin \British Tariff Fight Arouses omment in America the dent of the Naval Extraordinary C Prime Minister Baldwin's proposed tariff program in the British election campalgn has aroused more than us- ual finterest in this country. The domtnant issues in the British con- flict relate to questions on which merican editors belleve that the United States will be directly and | tarlff policy be adopted, ause “it would mean a tariff on commodities except the staple raw material as Great Baldwin protective | be {an foods and s Britaln does not pe Though Premier has food. the threat to American exports in the pect would need to . according to the Itepublican, which he British tariff without taxes d or raw material would still erhaps as a thin edge of the ; moreove might lead eventually to the entire breakdown jof the British svstem of free trad which has undoubtedly helped to en rich America during the past ry.” As the Baltimore Sun puts it, he program, of course, looks to ! keeping out American as well as con- | tinental competition, even though our manufactures are not a heaithy currency depreclation.” "Fu thermore, “by a policy of protectic Great Britain can seriously injure | France and Belgium, but she can do ilittle to help herself.” Americans, after completing thelr polioy, In the opinion of the New York Post, “cannot rebuke England for such moderate protectionist meas- ures as will follow a conser ive vietory,” but “in the near future {fe world-wide wave of high protection may begin to recede and it would en- courage tariff reformers evervwhere if they could point to the English verdict as marking the decisive break in its sweep.” EE ““That the movement is intended as a blow at the supremacy of the United States is admitted,” asserts the Norfolk (Neb.) News, because Pre- mier Baldwin said he would not be satisfled tili the empire had =o de- veloped that it would be absolutely independent of America. If a general tariff Is adopted, the News says, “dutfes will probably be placed upon wheat, since the farmer, compelled to pay the higher prices that the tariff will produce, will insist on being pro- tected too; and If the emplre can grow all the cotton it wants the ef- feot upon the American cotton-grow- ing states would be serlous, since England {s one of the chief customers of the growers of the principal south- ern produc ‘The Richmond Ne Leader cites the principle of “Impe- rinl_preference,” which {8 bound up with the tariff and which fixes cer- tain imposts in order to favor the other states of the British common- wealth, saying: “Virginia apples would be subject to this; Canadian apples would be exempt.” Bring a thousand American commodities un- der the same double disadvantage of tariff plus ‘imperial preference’ and the prospect is disconcerting.” Call- ing attention to the existing tariff on automobile accessories, which has caused & ked falling off in the British demand for American_motor horns, the Jackson (Mich.) Patriot declares, “if the British protectionists should win in the coming campalgn we would find our market sti ther curtalled,” and that the “po: bility of a British empire self-suffi- clent industrially and commercially is one of which it is not pleasant to think, but, of course, we could not complain if another nation should fol- low our example.” Because of freight, insurance and tariff American cars even now sell in Great Britain at nearly twice as much as their price in the United States, claims the De- troit News, which belleves it would diminish the business of the British automobile manufacturer instead of bringing the prosperity hoped for if Mr.icfllldwln has his way with the tarift. 1f the tariff wins in England and we keep on as we are going, the Des Moines Reglster insists, “it means that within five years the real rivals in the world will be Britain and the United States, with France and Russia sitting bac} just as they sat back when the rivalry Wwas between Germany and Britain. And the Ban Antonio Light sui that “it might be a lesson to the Units States if England should adopt protec- tionism,” because, “then our foreign market, already limited as a result of economic debility abroad, would be still further contracted—and Co; would ‘hear from’ more Interests than those that are now crying aloud for ‘ald’ The Oklahoma Oklahoman also suggest that the proposed British tariff is a mat- ter of retaliation, with the result that our high tariff is causing farmers “to suffer heavy losses, and making very difficult the task of marketing in other countries ~the surplus of American products,” The Appleton Pqst-Crescent fate of @ President and a party is ac-l perhaps seriously affected should the pledged himself not to levy duties on | isted by un- | latest tariff | WILLIAM WILE Observatory at Washington? has been oconferred upon Capt. Edwin Taylor Pollock. The first occupant of the superintendency was Lieut. Charles Wilkes, who has to his credit the discovery of the antarctic continent. Wilkes achieved added fame as com- mander of the American man-of-war which stopped the British steamer Trent during the civil war and created the Mason and Slidell incldent. Capt Pollock 13 an Ohloan. During the war he commanded the transport George Washington, which carried 180,000 dougkboys ' to and from {France. The Naval Observatory's main task is to make observations and determinutions for the Nautlcal Almanac, to publish that work, and to {ssue correct standard time for navigators. * % ox % Probably there fsn't a more envied voung man in our entire diplomatic service than Foster Stearns, third | secretary of the American embassy at Paris. Me is the son of Frank { W. Stearns of Boston, the man bo- | hind the Coolidge throne. tion to that highly influential family connection Mr. Stearns has the ad- ditional distinction of being an Am- iherst man. He Is just home on leave (from France. Mr. Stearns was state librarian of Massachusetts while | President Coolidge was lleutenant governor of that state. After service in the Army during the world war | Mr. Stearns became a drafting officer lat the State Departmen His first | foreign assignment was to the Amer | ican commission at Constantinople in 11921, | “The Letters of Franklin K. Lane” have just appeared in London in an 1 English edition. British critics review jthe volume, almost universally, as ' “the monument of an American states- | man, who might have been President had he not been born over the ‘border.” * % ok * ok R K C. Bascom Slemp, secretary to the I President, has been something more |than & successful politician, it would {appear. Fellow townsmen of Great Gap, Va. who saw Mr. Coolidge's right-hand man grow up recall that 1 he was a bovhood comrade of John | Fox, the novelist. and allege that Slemp figures conspicuously in Fox's novel, "“The Trail of the Lonesome | PIne An old resident of the thriv- ting burg of Great Gap testifies that Fox and Slemp were invete fish- +ermen and that it was on their sue- sive expeditions against the elusive | trout that Fox gathered material for | his romance of the Old Dominion. (Copyright, 16823.) further _observes, “with such a tariff 48 the United Stites now opposes to the trade extension of its neighbors we shall have no legitimate ground for pro- | test against the much milder effort of ! Great Britain. I * x %k * Pointing out that the representatives io@the self-governing British dominions have been meeting i London to etudy | the problems of the far-flung empire, | the Kalamazoo Gazette says this is re- sponsible for the movement to bring about a radical change in the trade policy and that “Baldwin has no cholce but to bow to the will of the coloni The Wyoming State Tribune, however, | thinks that it is not only to maintain free trade between Great Britain and {the dominions, but “to raise a tarift wall against the rest of the world.” The Syracuse Herald is not inclined to take the matter so seriously, because, “‘even if the conservatives uld 2 win by a popular plurality, with a high tarift as a rallying cry, the prospect of the next government carryiug through a radical protective measure against u | united liberal and laborite opposition { would be extremely slender.”” To which | the Houston Chronicle adds: “England j has never taken kindly is an_importing nation, a tariff holds in store for her s in- creased taxation. Taxation s high enough right now to satisfy the average Englishman. This, if nothing else is | calculated to make him shy at a tarifr.” The real solution of Great Britain's f dustrial problem, the Louisviile Tim. concludes, “lies in international pea. which wiil stabilize the markets of the world,”” because “protection will not open markets; it closes them."” and_abont : Defends Evolution. Writer Differentiates Between Theory and Darwinism. To the Editor of The Star: I have just noticed Miss A. Walke denunciation of evolution, or I winism as she erroneously has called it, and am interested in some of her atatements. Miss Walker, it seems to me, has mistaken Darwin’s concl sions for the real theory of evolutic itself; and in attacking it has negl ed the real issue, the fact of the lution of the species, volution as a scientific hypothesis existed long before Darwin lived. The theory has often been held to be logl- cal by naturalists and philosophers, even from the carly days of the Greeks. In later days Erasmus Dar- win (1731-1804) and Lamark (1744 1629) made serious steps toward a solution of this problem. It remained for Charles Darwin after twenty years of intensive labor to place this theory upon a workable scientific basis. It was this theory with the supporting facts that made Darwin's name the greatest name known to biological science. Permit me to state here that Darwin's theory Is simply a hypothesis concerning the way in which evolution has been at work, not the fundamental truth itself. ~arwin's theory in itself is not in- fallible, and indeed he never claimed it to be, but his principles are the basis upon which the more developed theory has been worked out. In answer to Miss Walker's re. marks concerning the fact that lead- ing scientists do not believe fin “evolution,” I wish to add a few words about an incident that occurred when 1 was at college. I was in a class taking an advanced course in peychology. In the course of a class !debate concerning whether or mot !sclentists themselves believed in evolution, It was suggested that we isend addressed letters to the leading American and European scientlsts, jasking them to enlighten us upon thi| point. Within a month we had re- ceived replies from nearly all, and with not one exception all of ‘those {addressed declared themselves im- plicit bellevers in the theory of evo- lution. I belleve that if Miss Walker chooses she can ascertain this fact as we did. As to her statistics upon man's appearance on earth directly after the ice age, later-day investi- gators have proven them inconclusive. Scientists are still in the dark about this. Discoveries in our own day point to the fact that the mutation theory of De Vreis explains man's swift de- velopment to his present form. “The evidences for the theory of descent,” quoting Waddle, “come from three main sources. ' First, anatomy, structural homologles between organ- ms of different species; two, paleon- tology, which has clearly ~revealed similar homologies between living species and extinct ones; three, com- parative embryology, which supplies data concerning the progressive, evolutionary stages of individual de- velopments.’ Evolution as a workable scfentific theory of the utmost importance has now been held an established fact for nearly a hundred vears, and in the 1ight of our Increasing data it is su premely improbable that the time o its condemnation will ever come. . BLIIOTT B i3 In addi- | l EAST IS EAST BY FRANK H. HEDGES There seems to exist in Amerlca a curlous lgnorance of the fact that Japan and China are entirely sepa- rate nations; that in all probability the two peoples are not of the same parent stock; that their customs and mode of living differ greatly. It is {not meant to say that any American 1s under so great a misapprehension @s to belleve that Japan and China are under the same government, but his distinction between the two na- | tions and the two peoples ceases with ! this fact, save that he Is accustomed to accrediting the Japanese With an almost dlabolical cleverness and. the Chinese with a simple honesty and triendliness. The returned traveler from Japan is credited by his friends in America with a full d accurate knowledge of China. The American who h: republic is believed to be an author. ity _on the island emplre. No_assumption could be more accurate. The points of difference hetween the two peoples are probably Breater than the points of resem biance, and the forelgn resident in one country can gain only a most one-sided and incomplete view of the neighboring mation. Unfortunately, certain Americans who have spent a considerable period of time In but one of the countries are almost as ignorant as their friends at home | of theilr own lack of knowledge. This i1s, I belleve, more true of the Amer- fean resident in China than in Japan, probably because Japanese activity | is mora’apparent in the republic than 1n\ Ch « activity In the empire. t A * ¥ x % 1t of course, that a large part of present-day Japanese culture finds its roots in the clvilization of ancient China. The Japanese Is prone to boast that fourteen hundred years ago his nation acquired the civiliza- tion and culture of China and then fitted and adapted it to meet peculiar Japanese needs. He uses this illus- tration as a parallel of what Japan will do with the vast influx from America and Europe that is today reshaping life in Japan. I am in- clined to disagree with his view. A { study of the history of the empire, of |the culture that existed before com- | munication with China and of the { changes that followed such communi- |cation, seems to show that Japan over Chinese culture bodily. in- is true | took | There was an apish tmitation of all | things Chinese. From this as a base. |however, Jupan has evolved along {her own' national lines, and the nat- |ural growth and evolution of the {Japanese péople have worked out Quite differently from the original model and from the way that the pwih and evolution of the Chinese m the same common hase have ched their present stage Just as Mexican, German and merican _institutions and life find mmon roots in Greece and Pales- do Chinese and Japanecse em in anclent China. " But the between the Chinese and : Japanese are greater than those hetween the Mexican and the Am ican, between the German znd the American or between those of any kindred people and the people of th ountry. The studv In detall o those differences fs interesting in it self, but the elimination of the con fusion of China and Japan in the American public is, perhaps, more important * * x % 1t is partly mental laziness and partly poor methods of Information that have glven rise to the con- fusion. To thousands in this coun- try nmeither China nor Japan is a very definite and concrete idea. A news story dealing with China, espe- cally if It contains Chinese names, is quite apt to be skipped by the reader of the paper, unless it be so ! startling as to arrest and hold his | attention in spite of himself. This is only half due to his own refusal to read what is apparently uninter- esting and difficult to understand: the other half of the blame lies on the shoulders of the writer and pub- lisher for not having made the story | interesting and so simple that it would be readily understood. The result, however, is that the average reader has a very ‘hazy notfon of what is going on in China, of what the Chincse people are like and of the background of Chinese life. The same holds true in regard to Japan. And then, because he knows that both Japan and China lle'some- where in that part of the world called the far east, that both are oriental nations, that both are dif- ferent from his own country, he jumps to the hasty conclusion that both are allke and that to know one is to know the other. The Amerlcan living in Japan s apt to realize that he learns very lttle of China in that country. He knows that much he sees in Jap- anese culture originated in China, but without a definite knowledge of China Itself it is difficult to dis- tinguish the native from the foreign growth. He {s seldqm thrown into direct contact with China or the Chinese, and he_returns to America from Kobe or Yokohama or Sendaf confessing that the Chinese puzzle is as much of a puzzle to him as ever, and when his friends ask if the Japanese still bind their feet he learns to answer tolerantly. EEE Not so with the Amerfean whe makes his home in some Chinese city for a time. He has called at a Jap- anese port or two on his way out and has had a glimpse for at least a day or more of Japan. More im- portant, Japanese activitles in China make him constantly consclous of that emplre. Since 1914 Japanese governmental policy in China has been such as to arouse Intense an- tagonism on the part of the Chinese. The anti-Chinese boycott, the stus dent demonstrations regarding the leased territory in Shantung province and similar Incflents are a familiar story. The Chinese do possess the valuable faculty of winning friend- ship and of rousing sympathy, so that it is but natural that Americans resident in China should join with that nation In__condemning Japan. And it is true that they have been largely right In opposing the Jap- anese policy that reached its crux in the “twent: The Americ with their own eyes the worst side Japan has presented to the world. Rut the fact to be remembered fs that after all It is but one side of Japan, Other phases of Japan, many of them praiseworthy and others not, must be taken into consideration in forming the whole picture and then pronouncing judgment. This, unfor- funately, most Americans living in China have been unable to do, and so they have gained a distorted view- point. Basing, their judgment on that distorted and only partial vision, they have been correct in reachi the conclusion that the average Ame joan in China holds regarding the Japanese people and government. The American who asks his returned China friend about Japan, however, should remember_ the rather limited knowledge of Japan which that friend possesses, and_weigh the an- swer _ accordingly. ~So far as his Enowledge goes, the China resident may be Jjustified in condemning Japan, but he is not justified in ar- guing from the one case of Japan's China policy, important as it is in iteelf, that all Japanese policies and life are tarred with the same stick. Such an argument lsjmcrely {Argjb:glcg Sprojudgment, Lor . Judgmen ore she &ce ot band, o mind €pent some time in the great Asfatic| — ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN Q. Who was Mrs. David Unydl George prior to her marriage and | where was her home?—C. L. . Mrs. Lloyd George was Margaret (Maggle) Owen, daughter of Mr. Richard Owen of Mynydd Ednyfed Fawr. Her distingulshed ancestors include Owen Glyndwr, the famous Welsh warrior and statesman, and Hywel Dda, one of the greatest ‘Weleh kings. Q. Is it known of what kind of wood the cross upon which Christ was crucified was made?—K. R. A. Orazio Marucchl, In a mono- graph, says that “a microscopic ex- amination of the fragments of the cross scattered throughout the world In the form of relics reveals the fact that it was made from a pine tree, Q. How s it poesible to tell whether coffee has been adulterated? —H. G. L. A. A good test Is to put a portion of the ground coffee in a glass, part- Iy filled with water, shake the mix- ture well, and then set aside for a moment and watch its appearance. Pure coffes contains a large quantity of ofl and, for this reason, & great number of the particles will float, Nearly all coffee rubstitutes are heavier than water and will ink to the bottom. If there is a large deposit in the bottom of the glass the coffee 1s adulterated. Q. What do oysters eat?—R. M. S. A. The food of oysters consists of microscopie plants or diatoms which water currents take to them. Q. What high schiool band national championship?—o. A. The Fostoria, Ohin, High School Band won the champlonship, in Chi- cago, last June. Q;, Where 1s Baron De Kalb buried? A. Baron De Kalb is buried under a monument {n the Presbyterian churchyard {n Camden, S. C. von the Q. Why will a top stand on its pivot while spinning, but will not when etill?—B. H. A. When epinning it stands upon its pivot because the turning motion tends to lower the center of gravity, thus forming a temporary state of equilibrium. ~ This is known as un- stable equilibrium. When the turning motion ceases, the center of gravity is ralsed, and the top falls over. Q. What is name- of who is known as th ret” of New Orleans? A. This title has woman . Marga- been glven to | Haughery, through whose | generosity three orphanages were es- | tablished In New Orleans. and also a home for the aged and infirm Q. Has any assistance been given to Japanese students in this country who have temporarily een fina cially embarrassed by conditions | which prevail in Japan because of | the earthquake?—A. G. B i A. The Japan Soclety of Boston has | started a movement to enable such students to complete their work Uw:li year. Mon advanced will he re- pald and used to establish scholar- ships for the benefit of children of the present generation. H Q. I a ship can be steered without deviation from true course, why can pot airships and airplanes be steersd At night and in storms by the same instruments, without deviating from & true course, and thus do away with beacon lights except for lunding?— H. 0. D. nf{ er EhiD at sea will deviate from Wi urse due to the action of th e .Acurrt-n!s and Imperfect stee: rw\[‘]yl{”‘h“,. Are acted upon d Ereal 'desieyyind, which mignt cau cres n - from Navigational ulds ara requivea " " Q. How many difore as the world had?—D. ”m Alaiony A~—It would be hi 2 impossible to com- Dt leathe exact number of raliglons »us kinds that the world has known, hut on ., e modern . has compiled & Jist wr gy, 2UtHOFILY Q What is a lowboy?—A. 1, 0. A. This 1s a &m s all table with :rl:nl(:v:d‘r’fl’?n! ll’,l{ drawers, so ':llll'do?:l ction to the tallboy double chest of drawers Both were pleces of furnitu: elghteenth century n Engrang ang Amerfca. The lowhoy A erally used as a dressing ta ’I 1t occasiol 1y o side table. - Q. In England do we have to wear a unifory Women must wear completely concealing the halr, & ulation barrister's gowns, underneath must be derk, necked and long-sleeved. Q Wha tor'—A A. The root of the ginseng plant is used by the Chinenn s food and medicine. Specimens ra- sembling the human body often commahd their weight In gold be cause of supposed ocenlt ' virtue Nefther spactas of g, however is conside . . sleiuns t dicinal qui te, lawyers A’ ordinary covering d the reg- Dresses high- = {p Chinese uss ginseng little yellow Q. Are a protectic i moths A. Chests made of heartwood of red cedar, if in gond condition as regurds tightness, will prevent da age from moths if clothing is beaten, brushed and sunned before being placed fn the chest. The odor of red cedar will mot destroy adult moths or millers nor the eggw, but it wlll kill the young larvae or worms Q. What 15 th, word fmrvnllhl?—'l) BP"!'IHDH ot e A. Fortnight Is a contraction of fourteen nights. Time was onoo reckoned by nights and winters. Q. wh Canada national Is_the hymn of 2 ym Maple Teaf Forevar music by Alexander Muir, al hymn of Canada. or Atchison instead of the being Inaugurat- for a da i President v Taylor was to be fn- not arrive in ne to take the oath as inaugurated 1849, Q Lord Northcliffe ever own fog newspaper in the United A, did _nmot own “nited States, hut oceasior it to 'this 1900 he w en charge f & New York daily and quarto, the form he spapers should adopt. a on (Hare you a question you womt ansicered?” Send A to The Star Infor- mation Bureau, Frederio J. Haskin, director, 120 North Capitol streot. The oniy charge for this service {5 2 cents in stamps for retura postage.) Hebrew Bible Codex, Interesting British Alliance and Churchill’s Disclosures BY THE MARQUISE DE FONTENOY. Spain's moat widely known grandee, the seventeenth Duke of Alba, a grandnephew of the late Empress Eugenie and owner of the magnifi- cent old Lirla Palace fn Madrid, is presenting to the Library of Congress, at Washington, to the Public Library of New York and to the Jewlish The logical Seminary of New York, cop- ies of an altogether remarkable and well nigh priceless work. Just five hundred years ago, Grand Rabbi Moses Arragel completed, under the | patronage of Don Luls de Guzman, grand master of the Anclent Order of Calatrava, the task of translating the Hebrew Bible into Castilian. The codex which preserves the rabbf's labors han belonged for 235 years to the -ducal family of Alba, on which are seen the Castilian text and the rabbi's extensive marginal notes, to- gether with nearly 300 miniatures in colors and gold by cotempor: rt- ists of Toledo. The Duke of Alba has caused a wonderful photographis reproduction of this great manuseript to be made in Spain and is presenting copies thereof to the A ric in- stitutions which I have mer above, as well as to the British Mu- seum in London, the National Libra of France, to the Ambrosian Libra of Milan, which was formerly under the charge of Mgr. Ratti, now Pius XI, and to the Bod Oxford. * Kk %k k 1t is doubtful whether any of these institutions will show a greater ap- preciation of the gift than the Je ish Theologleal Seminary in New York. For there are fome 60,000 or 70,000 Jews of Spanish origin in New York, who speak a language which has little connection with the Yiddish of the Russlan, Polish and German Jews, and which, known as Ladino, is a.mixture of Hebrew and of Spanish, not the modern Spanish, but that of Castile at the end of the fifteenth century. To these old Castilian Jews, who have retained this strange mix- ture of fifteenth century Castiliun and Hebrew of that epoch as their chicf language and vernacular, this codex of Rabbl Moses Arragel, which they will owe to the generosity of the present Duke of Alba, who has in his veins the biood of the Stuart King James 11 of Britain, will prove B priceless treasure. They never forget there wera five Jews with Christopher Columbus on the occasion of his first vovage to America, Including the ship's doctor, Bernal, and his Interpreter, Luis do Torres. The Duke ¢f Alba will douht- less also present a copy of the codex to the leading Jewish ecclesiastical authorities in Saloniki, For when the Jews were expelled from Spain in ) £494" the richest of them made their the Iberfan peninsula to through their com- , became the richest hing port of the Le- , as in Now mercial enterp and_most flourishins vant. There, to this da York, Ladino has remained the ver- nacular of their descendants, and in their synagogues and in a thousand different ways there are reminders of the fact that they came from Spain, Where their headquarters and the principal center of their literature, art, religion and commerce was at ‘Toledo. AR Young Michael Beaumont of the Coldstream Guards, whose formal en- gagement to the Hon..Faith Pease, daughter of Lord and Lady Gainford, has just been announced, will not attain his majority until next Feb- ruary, and is half American. For his mother was Eliza Grace, the eldest and falrest daughter of the lae Mi- chael P. Grace of New York, and was drowned near Leghorn-in 1817, while endeavoring to save her. then fifteen- year-old son, who escaped with his lite, while his father was the late Hubert Beaumont, member of parlia- ment_for Eastbourne, and who re- signed from his house of commons Gareer in order to devote himself en- the administration nining shire to which brother, Lord A) im}l;\»n\p fortunes. ubert Braumont did not long sur- vive the death of his popular wife Which her father attributed to the act that she had bee a fro HBattle Abbey, : ]fl:‘ h->" 1‘“. i a number of 8 burdened with a curs. Pl b lnet abhot TH £ W ssly maltreated hy the snl diers of King Henry VII when & time « the ular church property h. nfiscat abbey in order to bestow it upo 1. vorite, Anthony Browne. abl Sir Anthony that and all_who Abbey, would through fire and it may be house of Browne, scounty of Mon- t through the ng of the last viscount whila ring to swim across the above the falls of his two nephews, tirely to great 1 occupy Batt] suffer dire misfortune, and through water. 1 the 1 the ccame extir long after d drowned under their eves while playing on_the seashors at Tt was after the . Hubert Beaumont that ot rid of the lease of h is now occupied t not swept away g ther's her father Battle Abt as a school. ** % % th regard to the future Mrs. Michael Beaumont, her father w. formerly postmaster general, chancel- lor of the Duchy of Lancaster and minister of education in the last Lloyd George administration, and was raised to the pecrage in 1917, as Lord Gainford. He has been a frequent visitor to the United States, 18 mar- ried to the only daughter of the late Gen. Sir Henry Havelock Allan, V. C., and has an only son, married to Mise Veronic ible, sole child and hefress of Sir George Noble. Like his elder brother, Sir Alfred Pease, who enter- tained the late Theodore Roosevelt on his huge and widely known Kilimina Ranch, in British Bast Africa, which Is simply swarming with game, he is a great-grandson of old FEdward Pe the Quaker father of lnglish railroads and the most Intimate asso- ciate and partner of George § son In the ton and Darl even- struction of the Stock- road, the first and. D son Joseph . creatc the now impor- tant industrial town of Middleborough, and the first Quaker member of par- liament, his objection to taking the oath of allegiance prior to his as- sumption of his seat in the house of commons leading to many acrimo- nious debates there in 1832 His eon, in turn, was created a baronet at the instance of Gladstone, in 1882, for his numerous philanthroples, and came In for no end of criticism among the Quakers in America and In Eng- land for accepting the baronetcy at the hands of Queen Victoria, not only because all titular distinctfons are contrary the spirit and doctrines of the Society of Friends, but also by reason of the fact that baronetcles specifically entail the obligation to furnish the sovereign with a certain number of men fully armed for serv- ice in war—an obligation now com- pounded for by the payment of a cer- tain lump sum to the crown on tho registration of the patent. This was held to be dlametrically epposed to the principle of peace at all costs, which is one of the chief articles of the creed of the Society of Friends. Burns, Not Gladstone. To the Editor of The Star: A day or two ago the de Fontenoy” wrote that W stone invented the word “couthy.” don’t think he did, Burns uses it in his “Halloween.” seventh verse, but it is spelled differently, thus: “Some kindle. couthie, side by side, An’' burn thegither trimly.” WILLIAM G. PENNEY,