Evening Star Newspaper, October 1, 1923, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR, With Sundsy Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. MONDAY +...October 1, 1923 THEODORE W, NOYES. Editor e The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office, 11th St, and Pennsylvania Ave. | New York Offices 110 East 42nd St. Chicago Office’ Tower Bullding. European 16 Regent St., London, Englavd. The Bvening Star, with the Sunday moraing edition, is delivered by carriers within the eity at 60 cents per month: daily only, 45 cents per month; Sunday only, 20 cents per month. Or- ders may be sent by mail or telephone Main 5000. Collection is made by carriers at the | end of each mouth. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday..1yr., §8.40; 1 mo Daily only. 1yr., $6.00; 1 m Sunday oniy.......13T., $2.40; 1 mo, 20 All Other States. Daily and Sunday.1yr., $10.00; 1 mo., 85¢ Daily only. 1y, $7.00: 1 mo., 60 Sunday oniy. 1yr., $3.00}1mo., 25¢! Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dis- patches credited to it or not otherwise credited | in this paper and aiso the local news pub: | lished herein. All rights of publication of ial dispatches berein are also_reserved. Comntissioners and the Estimates. The argument. which the District Commissioners will make to the di- rector of the budget in support of the supplemental estimates will be hard to answer. It is believed by local tax- payers that the estimates are fair and | reasonable, and that they contemplate a very moderate expenditure toward ; meeting immediate needs and making a beginning on projects which are in the interest of the people and for which they stand ready to pay their share. Early in the summer the Commis: sioners received from the budget bu- reau motification that economy must be kept in mind. This notification was passed on to heads of District depart- ments, and the thought of economy was before every subordinate official having to do witl the preparation of tentative estimates. When the depart- ment estimates came under considera- tion by the Commissioners they were pared down to a total of $32,000,000. That was considered the “irreducible minimum.” When that schedule of estimates was submitted to the budget bureau the Commissioners were notified that the estimates for next vear should not exceed $25,000,000, but that if there were urgent items impossible of inclu- sion in estimates limited to that sum such items might be submitted in a supplementary schedule and would be given consideration. The original esti- mates were reduced by something over $7.000,000, and the District budget of- ficer has shown that “after making allowance for trust and special funds the total allowance for appropriations proper would be only $23,877,920." That sum would be below the appro- priations for the current year, The original estimates maké no pro- vision for increase in fire and police | ion, though the city has grown | growing at a pace without precedent in local annals. No pro- vision is made for new apparatus or i for reserve apparatus to replace equip- | ment put out of service by accident | and “wear and tear.” Estimates for beginning installation of a high-pres- sure system were not included in the original schedule, though the mass { of citizens urged this as one of the needs of the city. Plans for sewer and water extension to new parts of the | city were cut out and school estimates | were reduced from something like | $3,000,000, to $1.000,000. Plans for re- paving old and paving new streets were set aside. Estimates for beglin- ning work on a new streetlighting system werc cut out. Water front and park extension projects were passed over. The supplementary estimates, being those cut from the original schedule, total $7,103,000, and it is in support of these that the Commissioners will appear before the director of the bud- | get. With that sum the District could | make some progress. Without it there | is can be no extension of governmental ; mediately comes word that Gessler,|in the open. activity in the Capital. Of that $7.-! 000,000 the District taxpayers have | already paid or are paying into the | Treasury their 60 per cent proportion. The extension of government func-| tions and new public work contem- | plated under the supplementary sched- j ule must be done, und it is unreason- | able to postpone it. We might as well | do teday what must be done tomo row. There is cconomy in doing it! now. —_————— Berlin must admit that disorder is inevitabie when conditions invite ever individual to think he could improve on the way the government is being conducted. The Third Party Plans. llaborl!eu must face is the fact that { them, eventually réstoring order. 1t j tion was being staged at Munich. For- enough to name its own candidate. This is'in line with the recent prixate conversations and open ' statements of other so-called progressives and radicals of the Senate. But suppose for the moment that the farmer-labor party decides it will put a presidential nominee in the fleld and serlously contest for the election next year. Who is likely to be their nominee and what would be his chances? None of the recently elected mem- bers of the Senate and House who bear the stamp of the farmer-labor party Is known nationally for his ac- complishments or abilities. In con- sidering the republican progressives nationally known, to whom the farm- er-labor party might offer the nomi- nation, the mind naturally turns to La Follette of Wisconsin, Johnson of California, Borah of Idaho. On the democratic side of the fence there seems to be none. In fact, the dem- ocrats all proclaim themselves pro- gressive workers in the interests of the farmers and labor, and hold that the farmer-labor movement should be swallowed up in' the democratic party. Borah, La Follette and Johnson, however, have not indicated a willing- ness at this time to head 4 third party, or, in fact, to leave the ranks of the old party which in their own states has honored them so long. The time before the election in 1924 is short to raise up a ecandidate of presidential timber, as the practical | workers among the farmer-laborites must know. On the other hand, the discontent which has brought about 50 much unrest in the agricultural sections and caused the recent elec- tions in Minnesota, for example, of farmer-labor candidates for Congress, may subside before 1928, and then where would the third party pro- ponents find themselves? One funda- mental difficulty which the farmer- down at the bottom the interests of | the producers of foodstuffs and of the producers of clothes, agricultural im- ! plements, ete., which the food pro- ducers must buy, do not run along together. There s always the dan- ger that one wing or the other of the party may realize this fact. —————— Sunday in Germany. Yesterday's affalr at Duesseldorff ap- pears to have been a four-sided con- flict. There were first the separatists, then the communists, who are not in accord with the separatists; next the German state police opposing both of these, and finally the French, who moved against the police and arrested is “possible that the French will be blamed for having apparently taken the slde of the separatists, but as a matter of fact they acted to check the bloodshed. From Berlin comes a statement which accuses the separa- tists of initiating the conflict. But the { French blame the police for !mr!lllzi {the trouble. The communists had re- fused to sign the call of the separatist organization for a public meeting, and announced their intention to hold ‘a counter demonstration at the same time and place. It is hinted in some of the dispatches that the communists really started the firing in order to open the fight between the police and the separatist assemblage. ‘While this tragedy was being enact- ed at Duesseldorff a royalist demonstra- i mer Crown Prince Rupprecht was publicly hailed in the streets of the/| Bavarfan capital as king. He unveiled | a memorial tablet to the dead of the! Bavarian royal guard. and though in his address he avoided all political | references he was given roval honors. Von Kahr, who is now military dicta- tor of Bavaria, was closely associated with Rupprecht in the demonstration. | Today comes news that an upri»lngi has occurred at_the city of Kuestrin, | in Brandenburg, about fifty miles east | of Berlin, the center of the copper and brass industry. Details are meager. It is announced that the security po- lice suppressed the disorder. But im- who is acting as military chief of Ger- many, has ordered a complete censor- ship on all military news. Thus it {8 im- | possible to know just what is hap- pening. . Yesterday in Paris Premier Poin- care noted Germany's abandonment of the “crazy policy” of passive resist- ance, and said that Germany's display of ill-feeiing over this necessity would cost her dearly, and that it puts on i France “the necessity to remain con- istantly on guard.” The premier said: | | “Our task is not finished. The surly | proclamation of an inevitable truce is nothing. Tt is the execution which is everything.” ——— | Students at Yale University and jother institutions are reminded that ! they are expected to study the United , lic emergency. | been warned in advance. To nominate or not to nominate & | States Constitution; paying particular candidato for President in 1924. That |attention to the cighteenth amend- is the question which is exerclsing { ment. leading lights in the farmer-labor | party. Scnator Magnus Johnson of | Minnesota, at a convention of the | Oklahoma it takes one a long time American labor party in New York |even to get started. yesterday. suggested that it might be | wall for the farmer-laborites to con- | tinye during the next four years per- | | facting their state organizations in| >uch Dbas happened in Oklahoma 3 : ! hicl | Within the past few days which serves | preparation for the big pash which ), " 1 qq tne legal status gf the situ- | has the White House as its objective. 5 3 ; ation created by Gov. Walton's refusal | Morris Hillquit, on the other hand, | 3H0% TR BY FO (TERETS Tt asserted without reservation that the l'extra session for the purpese of im- farmer-labor party would be powerful hing him. First, s, b fingtinate s owe Geket an | TIPC DR Bl Bleat b Gie. Mgty . lators attempted to meet under the 1924—undoubtedly meaning that 1| ., of o paper cireulated by them also would be powerful enough t0! ... were prevented by militlamen ok 5 stationed at the state capitol by the There is a vast difference between‘g""nu,.u orders for that purpose. nominating a candidate for President |myon o call was fssued for a state elec- and electing him, however, as Senator | yjon for a referendum vote upon & Jutnson appears to realize. There | n.agyre permitting the legislature to have been other candidates for the| eet on its own initiative. The gov- presidency in thie field beside those of | cnor opposed this. The court ruled in the republican and democratic parties | gayor of the special election. Then for many years, including the pro-iconferences were held at which ap- hibitionist candidate, the ‘soclalist and [ parently an agreement was effected to the labor party, s called. In 1912|gyspend proceedings, and attorneys there was a big split in the repub-|for the governor withdrew the appli- lican party and the rise of the bull | cation for a temporary Injunction to moose. But even with a Roosevelt | restrain the state election board from at the head of the third party the|entering the proposal on the ballot. supremacy of the old pdrties was not | This seemed to prevent a conflict, but overturned. shortly gfter the matter became again . Sénator, Johnson said in his speech | complicated. The governor lssued e in’ New York, however, that if thé|proclamation prohibiting the holding repyblieans in 1934 mominate ajof the election, and calling upon the “standpatter’ for President, and the | National Guard, volunteer militiamen democrats go and do likewise, the land secret service force, comprising, farmer-labor party‘should be strong}it is estimated, over 100,000 men, to Many investigations are slow, but in The Oklahoma Situation. keep the polls in the state closed. His | ground for this action was that the court proceeding had prevented the | secretary of stste from complying| with the law which provides that the question at issue shall be published in newspapers in each county at least five days before the election. It is difficult to know at this dis tance and in the confusion of reports Jjust how Gov. Walton stands with ref- erence to definite rulings of the state court. If the court has decided' that the election” may be held tomorrow, and by the use of force the governor | prevents the balloting, he will pre- Sumably be in contempt of court, and a conflict may arige between him and the judiclary, as has already arisen between him and the members of the legislature. He has, however, com- mand of the military force of the state and may defy the court. It would seem that the governor has put himself in a difficult if not impos- sible poeition if he has defled the court and set himself up as a superior power. While he may be able to main- tain his position for a time by virtue of the military of the state he cannot concelvably win through if the ju- diclary holds adversely tb him, The issue in Oklahoma has passed beyond the range of ‘the Ku Klux question. It is now whether the legis- lature can on its own initiative or on | the call of the people, in effect, sound- ed through a special election, bring the governor to the bar for trial on charges of misconduct and abuse of power. This is a most important ques. tion for all the states. It arose in the | Sulzer case in New York, but was not settled definitely. There the governor | had summoned the legislature for one | purpose, and it proceeded to an im- | peachment of him. It was contended in his behalf that the legislature could not thus act at a special session called for another purpose. The court, how- ever, held that once in session for any } reason it could function as the state legislature with full powers for all purposes. But in Oklahoma the legis- lature. not scheduled to meet regu- larly until January, 1925, is not in ses- overnor will not sum- | mon it for any reason, nor will he per- | wuv Ulie peopie to vote on the question of the right of the legislature to as- semble on its own initiative in a pub- ————— The vast assemblages in honor of Bishop Freeman disprove the repeated assertions that in order to attract large crowds an occasion must be trivolous. There is a vast public for | the most serious forms of interest when that interest is intelligently and sincerely interpreted. ————— A Californfa doctor says he has a drug which he says will release the primitive impulses from the uncon- clous mind and transform a man into a savage. Why trouble science about so0 ordinary a process? Bootleg liquor does the same thing. ————— So much wdrld publicity has been given to the crowded conditions at Ellis, Tsland that it may at least be assumed that anybody who insists on being a United States immigrant has —————— Physiclans who say 2 man ought not to play golf after he is fifty vears old are either too young to speak from experience or have passed the half- century mark without really learning the game. ¢ ——————t— Earthquakes continue to be felt in Japan. Some of them would in times past have been regarded as serious, but now they are only unpleasant re minders, ——————— Though invited to express himself | freely in print as thoughts arise, Presi- | dent Coolidge is evidently determined | to compliment Congress by reserving his best ideas for his message. i ————— Troubles of the motorist have gotten | beyond the housing problem. There is not even space for the filvver to stand SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. The Way of the Transgressor, Johnny Blinn, With comic care, l Bent a pin On Willie's chair. 1 Willie howled i With pain severe. Teacher scowled And said, “Come here! “Manners fair You plainly lack— Don't you dare To answer back.” - He was whipped. And Johnny Blinn Grinned and slipped Another pin. ‘Weighty Words. “Did your words have any weight with the masses?” . “It looks cheerlessly that way,” an- swered Senator Sorghum.. “The boys (are saying it was one of the heaviest little speeches I ever made.” Jud Tunkins says, judging by what you hear bf movie salaries you can't tell whether a girl is stage-struck or only avaricious. Art and Nature. ‘A people by dissension struck Exclaimed, “We revel in hard luck. ‘We have no earthquakes ready-made. Let's wreck the land without their ald! 7 A New Difficulty. “I understand Crimson Guleh is go- ing to have a base bell team.” “We tried it,” said Cactus Joe, “but we coyldn’t get enough players. Most of the boys is naturally so scrappy they wanted to be umpire or nothin’.”" 0 Large Investment. ‘My face is my fortune!” quoted the deliberate charmer. “I can appréciate the fact,” an- swered Miss Cayenne. “These beauty treatments are terribly expensive.” “It's & pity,” said Uncle Eben; “yon can't put brains into machinery. A lot o' collisions would be avoided if a fitvver had sense enough to pick its own driver.”. g | declared jas ours Ition of the United State | public 'Can Europe Hold Together? XVIII-Finland—Young and Healthy BY JOHN F. SINCLAIR ¥ "1 had gone into Finland from Rus sla.” The contrast was striking. In Russia the problem of dirt is still a real menace. In Finland no such problem exists. Finland {s as whole- some and clean as Switzerland. A vigorous winter and cool summer make ‘for excellent health. One of the newest republics in the world, formed in 1919, Finland today fs | in my opinion one of the best governed. put down the revolution. Our finan- clal policy {s not to permit inflation of our currency, nor éven deflation, but to attempt to stabilize at the present figure. We belleve Finland is on the way to peace and content- ment. Weé have balanced our govern- | ment budget and our exports exceed our imports. Our big job has been accomplished.” | * ok ok ok Finland has achleved remarkable results, Her strong and efficient gov- Universal suffrage exists for all men!eriment has done for Finland what and women, with the executive power lodged In a diet, a single-chamber legislature of 200 members, of which 50 per cent belong to the conserva- tive right, 30 per cent to the center and 40 per cent to the left. The present government of Fin- land is in the hands of the agrarian party, which forms the larger part of the center. The premler—Kyosti Kallio—is a farmer, who, as a ain- ister of agriculture, w: ot land purchase acts. * ok ok x “In Finland, where less than 1 per cent of the population are illiterate we enjoy a high degree of culture, the big, mier of these 3,500,000 people. the peasant here, as elsewhere “But Up to the time of the revolution, 23 per cent of our peasants owned their own land, 34 per cent more were tenants and 43 per cent landles: Agriculture was_the industry of 70 per cent of our people. The situa- tion did not make for a healthy, con- tented people. We found out in the red revolution of 1918 that many of the landless peasants joined the com- munists. Since then the peasant party has championed the cutting up of all’ large “estates for the benefit of the landless peasants. We had 10,000 farms in 1901, and by 1925 we expect to have 300.000 farms owned and operated by contented farmers. Our next plan {s co-operating among farmers for purchasing, selling and credit. We have 949 co-operative credit assoclations in Finland. “If we can so adjust our agri- culture to have each farmer the own- er of his own land, and then co- perative enterprises to enable the {farmer to realize on his work 'to the fullest extent. we -hall have no fear of the future of Finland. * ok ok ok But the strong man of Finland to- day is Risto Ryti, minister of finance, |having resigned the important posi- tion of managing director of the Bank of Finland to assume the work. n order to appreciate our flnan- clal stability,” declared M, Ryt! to me, “it must be remembered that Fin- land. even when under the control of Russla, was independent, financial speaking. We ralsed our own taxes for our governmental expenses, and except under the reign of the late czar, when we were compelled to pay $4,060.000 a year to the Russian go ernment for military purposes, we paid tribute to no owe. “Durfng the great war the peo- ple of Finland were neutral and were not conscripted by Russia for mili- ¢ purposes. Atmo time since 1809 Russia’s influence left on Fin- any permanent impress of fits eastern culture. But while the men of Finland were not forced into war servide, we were foreed to loan mone |to Russia. for which we took Rus- sian rubles in exchange. In this way ithe Bank of Finland and the govern- ment of Pinland suffered a 1 $140,000,000. o To & country as small this was a staggering los and is one of the two reasons why our Finnish marks went down in value from five to fifty for one dol- lar. The other reason was the lack of confidence in Finland after the red revolution in 1918 We have wiped out our losses and the author l blue-eyed pre- | in Il_ny 1 Europe, has not had a falr chance. | She is n no other first-class government in Europe has so far been able to do. She has restored her machine for International trade by the stabiliza- tion of her money at about thirty- six to thirty-eight to the dollar. How did she do it? In the first place her receipts from taxes in 1922 exceeded her expenses by $12,000,000. Her 1921 balance sheet was also favorable. The finance minister plans on reducing taxes next vear. Her floating debt, which stood at $15,000,000 three vears ago, has been paid oft. ~Her circulation ‘of money a8 decreased from 1,556 million Fin- nish marks on March 31, 1921, to 1.436 million marks June 15, 1923. Like- wise her public debt has decreased from 1,936 million marks on Decem- ber 31,1920, to 1,578 million marks November 1, 1922. Finland, therefore, does not require her help along these lines. cither debasing her currency nor debauching her credit, * %ok % The second big fact in Finland is shown by the sound business position of the country. In 1921 she had a slight excess of Imports over exports —it totaled $5,900,000. But in 1922 she reversed this, and her exports exceeded her imports by $14,000,000. She 1s now over the safety line. When we remember that the ex- ports of Finland are the necessaries of life, llke lumber, leather, paper Pulp, butter and cheese, we can see that Finland's future should be in- creasingly prosperous. Her largest itém of import is coal, but agalnst this she possesses 2,500,000 electric horsepower, of which only one-tenth is developed. At this time the gov- ernment of Finland is developing 150,000 additional electric horscpower for the exclusive use of her govern ment-owned railroads and to save large coal import. ¢ military expenses are still too high. In 1920 she spent 18.4 per cent of her revenue for armies, as against 14.1 per cent in 1922, but Finland's forests, railroads and telegraphs all show substantial profits to the.gov ernment during the past three years. * ok ok x financfal condition is healthy. Her exports exceed her im- ports. Government expenditures are less than government receipts and government obligations are being re- duced, Result: Her currency — the machinery of international trade— has become practically stabllized and has moved during ‘the past nine months between thirty-eight and thirty-six for one American dollar. This has had the effect of increasing business confidence in this little country. With .the machine of in- ternational trade re-established. her import and export business Is grow- ing rapidly. We therefore are forced cenclusion that while the situation. financially and economi cally speaking, is Qurk, Finland, under the strong and extremely able leadership of Kallio, Ryti and the agrarian party, has passed the worst, and from now on should:be recognized by all thoughtful and careful stu- dents of finance as a refreshing little oasls in Europe's financial desert, Finland's to the European Tomorrow—Russia Before Dawn. {Copyrizht. 1923, in U 8. and G ! by North® American SHT e T St Ve k. S0 Dy W Press Emphasizes U. S. Need To Respect Constitution Observatton of the one hundred and thirty-sixth birthday of the Constitu- it was with a full week's celebration of that most wonderful and compre- hensive document, afforded a vehicle to the thoughtful editorial writers of the country to revive important mem- ories. The Constitution, unamended originated a new government, as the Seattle Times studiously pointed out, and “in its operation it is neither un- vielding in rigidity nor weak in flexi- bility. all attacks that from the beginning have been directed against it by de- signing individuals and interests. Tt has conformed to every changing condition acceptable to the will of the people.” This “new government cre- ated” the Salt Lake City Deseret News goes on to explain, “for the first time in history was a true re- functioning through repre- sentative government. Its purpose is to perpetuate a union in. which there shall be equal and ablding jus- tice for every onme—rich and poor|. alike, employer and employe. Laws L.which appeal to special privilege and | i have their birth in special privilege are subversive of the high principles set forth in the Conpstitution. The result of all such legislation is to promote the special, rather than the general, welfare, to develop autocracy and to drift from the safe anchorage of the Constitution Inte mobocracy and revolution. Admitting that “it has been changed a great deal, both by amendment and by Interpretation,” the Duluth Herald makes a strong appeal for care in all such changes, because “while those who fight against any change in it at all are perhaps as dangerous as those who would change It too read- ily. and certainly they are no wiser, still no change should be made that is not deeply and thoroughly considered before it is approved by the ripened judgment of the American people.” In this connection the Spokane Spokesman - Review feels there is grave danger the American. people will listen to suggested detrimental changes because they “do not study it enough,” and this is why the “wise and beneficial purpose of Constitution week s yearly to set the people thinking upon \the history and t! principles of that great instfument. The Oakland Tribune entertains something of a similar view, recalling “it_has been charged that the knowl- edgé of the average man concerning this fundamental of American sove ernment is slight.” It is becau this fact that the Indlanapolis News fears the growth “of direct action sentiment” has been augmented and changes have-been made that hi not been improvements, because ‘“the further we get away from the repre- sentative idea and the nearer we approach to pure democracy, the weaker and more ineffective will government become, and the weaker also the safeguards against ill-con- idered, foolish and dangerous ace tion.” 2, Recalling the manner in which some branches of the government arrogate to themselves jllegal powers, the St. Faul Dispatch points out that *‘Amer- ica has no administrative law,” co trasting with continental countries “where the administrative court an the administrative law is an integr: part of the systé; In oy n, 18 not mu coupled as | It has withstood the shock of | | H our it be subordinated to the will of Con- gress and on the other we have the | depressing spectacle of an executive trative courts to do special w, does not care to take into l;;z:kll‘l‘E dependent tribunuls.” The Lynch- | burg News somewhat bitterly opposc. | the * “assaults on the Constitution. | insiating that not alone the coming generation but “American grown-ugs should be tutored in the real mean. ing of the document. The freedom with which many newspapers and public men are advocating the sub- stantial nullification of the prohibi- tion amendment clearly goes to show the presence of that need. Nullifica- tion ot one clause wouid mean a esperate, dungerous and sucoessful aseault upon the fundamental prin- ciple that the Constitution is' the supreme law of the land. It would at once suggest the perilous inquiry by, If one ‘article of the Constitu. tion may be effectively set aside Ly unconstitutional means, may not othér articles be set aside? Just ae ®oon as conditions so conspire as to make that line of Interrogation at (&nd reasonable, the C l08e status as the 1aw of the nat gradually thrust aside u':"‘w:r"nqm‘:(e useless garment, fit for nothing excent ¢, trash heap’ of discarded ihings n this very connection but from B been too uch tinkerd & with ‘the Cons ,’ sists * served for what it renie Gs % BIC" all pertinent stitution w! organic n- change. is a2 more flexible way to write the will of the i the "people “into Taw which hed of Legislation gz making public to Ehfln" that privilege any broa, or Déplc should Ielloull';mrlzll:;gefn El‘: admits the possibility of being wrong sometime, and a man admit that is precissly " foe ik, 1% man who needs a Constitut limit him n the éxercive of powe R Hard to Be Grouch And Hate Mankind l It isn't éasy to be a pessimist and a grouch and a hater of mankind In this world. In fact, the task is so to hard that we sometimes wonder how the few real specimens that we meet ever managed to reach the full state of hard-bofled perfection. Of course, wé all have the impulse sometimes. We see a ‘fellow who ‘wades right through humanity to the lynch counter, to be served ahead of those who have stood patiently for several minutes, Or a ‘“road hog" tries to crowd us into the ditch. And we determine right theré to be as thick crusted as any one who comes our way. We draw down our brows, ssyme a belligerent attitude and istart down the street. }, And then—as like a5 not—the next lellow with whom we come in con- ct has so much of whiteness in 'm, 850 much of the milk of human kindness, that we are shamed out of our mew posé. We have to be decent because he decent. Our new grown shell is- of no avail against him; in fact, it is a decided inconvenience. And we drop it for the saner, truer, more optimistic out- look that fits our nature. » e such mental ¢ycle will con. vince any man that the world is 3”" of gTo! ':l’ is an ob, u 3 not to be copled:- that department which wets up adminife. | irable mn.:l than, it is ::: aeting and " R EAST IS EAST BY FRANK H. HEDGES More than half-way up the bay be- tween Yokohama and Tokio, pre- liminary work is already under Way for the construction of a deep-water harbor to serve the rebuilt capital of Japan. Plans for such a harbor .were formulated a number of years #go, so that construction should progress rapldly and before long Jupan will have a first-class port to replace the destroyed Yokohama. It i8 impossible to tell at this time | whether or not Yokohama will be re- built on the old scale, for the brief messages regarding the building ot the mew port do not state which of three plans for Toklo's harbor is being put Into execution. It the earthquake had not struck Japan, members of the Tokio munici- pal ‘council would have begun a tour of inspection of the harbors of other cities this month. The Japanese cap- ital fronts on Tokio bay, but above Yokohama the bay is too shallow to accommodate the larger ocean-going vessels. Coastal steamers, whalers and other comparatively light-draft ships have long made Tokio rather than Yokohama their port. In the plans for u greater Tokio, drawn up more than two years ago under the mayoralty of Viscount Shimpel Goto, now minister of home affairs, a deep water harbor was provided for the capital city. Viscount Goto's plans called for a total expenditure of $400,- 000.000, to be spread over a long period of time. 5 The visit of Dr. Charles A. Beard of New York to Japan last winter and spring 'was in furtherance of this plan. Dr. Beard made a thorough study of the largest municipality in the empire, and then submitted his recommendations to the government. They dealt largely with such ques- tlons as taxation, government and extension of the city limits, but Dr. Beard is again on ine Pacific ocean bound for Japan, recalled by Vis- count Goto to aid Tokio in her hour of trial and to supervise more detailed plans for the reconstruction of the city. * % k% The spot chosen for the new harbor is about twenty minutes’ run by over- head electric train from the heart of the business district. It is a few miles beyond the city limits of Tokio. Along the ,shore are factoriex and warehouses, while farther back on the bluff are some of the finest summer homes in that section of Japan. Canals. raflroads, electric lines and hard-surfaced highways connect the district with every section of Tokio. It is an admirable location for a port. Of the three plans under considera- tion before the disaster, one pro- vided for a port that would accom- modate any vessel, another for a har- bor capable of caring for ships of not more than twenty-five feet draft, and the third was a _compromise be- tween these two. Yokohama was, naturally, very much opposed to the first plan, since it would vitally af- fect the business of that city, which cleared 2,030 ships totaling tons last year, making it the port in_the empire, Kobe being the Now that Yokohama is de- it_is quite possible that it will never be rebuilt, but that dredg- ing and new construction will move the deep-sea harbor up the bay to the gates of Tokio. Yokohama's sole reason for existence was as a port for the capital and its hinterland. A deep-sea port in that section of Japan is essentlal, not only because of the dense population, but as a center for silk shipments 'to America. It seems to be a certainty that Tokio 1s_to be’ rebuilt along western Ilines. Viscount Goto would, in “all probability, have been made minister of foreign affairs in the present cabi- net if the earthquake had not come. Realizing a greater opportunity for service, he chose the portfolio of home affairs instead The man who succeeded him in the mavoralty of Toklo, Hidejiro Nagata, is committed to Viscount Goto's plan, and his elec- tion several months ago was con- sidered a victory for that plan. He served as deputy mayor of the capital city under Viscount Goto. The American type of stpuctural steel building proved its worth dur- ing the repeated shocks early in the month, withstanding them far bet- ter than did the building of purely Japanese construction. It was a test for which Japan had been waiting a umber of vears. Iver since the first kyscraper” was erected in the em- pire, Japan has withheld her approval funtfl it had been tested by earth- iquake. That approval is now given |u|d the type of building for modern 1Japan is settled. Broad streets and frequent parksi Jare to be incorporated in the new { Tokio, not only as a place of refuge in. the event of another earthquake, but as fire checks. The American o European who visits Tokio a decade {hence will probably be treated to one of the surprises of hts life when he cees in the far east a eity of which his homeland would be proud. : * ok R ¥ Although Tokio's population was but little more than 2,000,000 on Sep- tember 1, those figures cover only the political boundaries of the capital, for the whole metropolitan area con- tained considerably more than double that number of residents. Estimates |made in 1921, baged on the rate of growth and on the incorporation of nearby towns and villages, stated that wjthin thirty years the capital would have a population of 7,600,000 per- sons and would cover 122,616 acres of ground. The disastér might well be expected to lower this total, but the manner in_which Japan is al- ready-forging ahead. with reconstruc- tlon work casts doubt upon such an expectation. - Yokohama, too, had drawn up ex- tensive plans for its future. With a population of approximately 450.000, it was planned to extend the city Jim- its to adjacent towns that would raise the total by another 100.ubu. s Yokohama is not rebuilt, as now seems quite possible, it means that the bulk of these 550,000 persons will move to Toklio. Tokio's municipal budget for the present year was but $80,000,000, a small sum for so large a city, which is explained by the fact that the taxation system was outworn and inadequate. Foremost among Dr. Beard's recommendations was one to alter the old system of taxation so that the municipality might be pro- vided with funds sufficient for its needs. Construction of a subway system was on the verge of veing started at the time of the earthqueke. It seems uniikely that such plans will now be carried out. but the traffic ques- tion in Tokio had become almost as acute as in the larger cities of this country. It is just possible that Japan will be able ‘to. work out a solution worthy of imitation in New York, Los Angeles and other cities of the United States. In old Tokfo there was no cen- tralized business district. Anything for sale might be bought within a radius of afew blocks of any home. During the Bast forty years a change had gradually been taking place, and three “distinct business centers had sprung up in the capital. "14 the re- constructed Tokio, it may be assumed that business will be concentrated in {oertain districts and that there will !be a voluntary segregation of certain !1ines of trade and finance. Tokio, is, of course, and always will be, a Japanese city. America can her much in the way of example angd aid, but Tokio will then have to rda ™ these gitts 1o sult her own peculiar needs. It is sometimes dim cult Americans to realize that their own country does not excel in every detail, but -that Japan—or Ching—surpasses-us in particular re- spects, . especially when applied to home' problems. The febullt Tokio will be an expression in concrete form of one.of the most interesting and fascinating events of this century— mingling of s and cul- ‘west. i I | 4 l l ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN Q. Where can I get speeches de- livered by our late President Harding. on his trip to Alaska?—L. R. S. A. The White House says that the speeches made by President Harding In his western trip are in process of publication and will be published by the White House. ' Q. Will you kindly inform me as to the exact number of representa- tives whe will sit in the Congre that will convene next December? W. R. T. A, In the Sixty-eighth Congress there will be 435 representatives and 96 senators. Q. Where is the deepest spot in Lake Michigan?—C. J. A. The United States lake survey says that the greatest recorded depth of Lake Michigan is 870 feet, located at about longitude 86 degrees 45 min- utes, latitude 44 degrees 32 minute: ‘This {s probably not the maximum depth, but is the deepest shown by soundings on lines acro; the lake spaced variously from eight to forty miles apart. Q. What metal shows the least expansion and contraction with heat and cold”—A. D. L. A. Which one has the lowest ex- pansfon or contraction has not been determined definitely. Tungsten and molybdenum are among the metals having low coefficients of expansion, which are approximately equal to one-half of the coeflicient of iron. However, there is an alloy of .nickel and {ron—usually called invar, con- taining about 36 per cent nickel—that has a very low expansion at ordinary temperature. Q. What is the curvature of the earth per mile?—E. W. A. A. The Naval Observatory says the measure of the curvature of the earth is approximately eight inches per mile. | i | | i Q. How many newspapers are cur- rent in the Library of Congress? —D. M. A. According to the librarian's re- port of 1922, there are 796 newspapers in the Library of Congress, of which 664 are published in the United States and 132 in foreign countries. Q. Which one of Wagner's was the most popular during lifetime?—L. E. R. A. A letter written by Wagner and dated Bayreuth, 1877, stated that “Lohengrin” and “Tannhauser” had been performed the greatest number of times and had proved most remuner- ative Q. What of “a best handling of L v A. The best man carries in his right-hand _ wafstcoat pocket the | wedding_ring and in his lefi-hand pocket the fee for the clergyman. He | Joins the groom in the room set aside for their use and walks with him to the spot where the marriage is to take place. The best man stands one pace behind the bridegroom. Antici- pating the moment that the ring is to come into requisition. he advances and places it in his friend's hand, and at the conclusion of the ceremon handing the groom hiz hat und gloves, the best man slips the en- velope containing the fee into the | clergyman’s hand. J Q. Please give information regard- | ing schoolships.—D. L. D. The bureau of navigation of the Navy Department says that all school- ships are under the direction of the | State Department and come under | government jurlsdiction. Only three states _have - schoolships, Massachu- | setts, New York and Pennevlvania. operas his is the proper procedure man in regard to the the wedding ring?— | | | Q. How can snakes be charmed by gugc,culnce they have no ears?— A. Snakes have no external ®ars, but a cofmplicated internal apparatus exists so that snakes hear well and are affected by musical sounds. Cer- tain feats of the snake charmer de- pend upon knowledse of the nature and peculiarities of the reptile. Many species like music: to the sound of the flute they will rise and sway the upper part of the body, upon the spiral formed by the lower half. The asp has no external ear and i8 deaf fo whistling or the sound of the pipe, but its glance can be attracted to a-moving object and it wiil foi- low the rhythmical movement. The oriental snake charmer is reputed to have the power of removing serpents from the vicinity of houses by luring them out of their holes by magic words and music. Q. ere is the “Salon of the Streets” held in Paris>—D. P. G. A. This is held in the Place Ci statin-Picquer in Montmartre. “salon” is held under the auspices of the mayor of the commune of Mont- martre. Q. Why were crosses of light dis- played in New York skyscrapers about six weeks ago?—W. G. IL A. On the night of August 9 this sign of mourning for President Hard- ing was displaved through the efforts of the Building Managers and Own- t in the the Seaforth war? His royal highness the Prince of Wales said in a recent address that 50,000 Seaforths served in the war and 8,432 did not return. Q. Where are_the most cliff dwell- ings situated?—M. K. A. The most remarkable of the many ruins of prehistoric cliff dweli- ings are included within the Mesa Verde National Park, a reservation of some 49,000 acres in Montezuma county, southwestern Colorado. Q. Did the watermelon originate in this country?—H. A. The watermelon is a native of tropical _and southern Africa, whence it has been introduced by man into all tropical, subtropical and many temperate climates, Q. Is there a cribbage hand that will be improved by whatever card is turned as a starter>—G. A. C. A. With a hand consisting of the deuce. two trevs and a four, any card that may be turned from the ace to the fiv ve, will make new runs, w rd turned from the six to th. nclusive, will make fifteens. Q. How does the Palestine of to- day compare with the home of the Jews in Bible times?—G. M. S. A. The Palestine over which Great Britain has been given a mandate contains 13,724 square, miles. The “Kingdom of David" was nearly three times as large. ile any ten, Q. Why do more explosions occur in mines in the fall than at other times of year?—B. MeM A. The bureau of mines says that in bituminous mines most explosions occur in the fall or winter when the humidity of the mine air is very low and mines become da ¥. Under these conditions a_small gas explosion or blown-out shot will cause a seriops coal dust explosion (The Star Information Bureau will answer your question. Give your full name and address and send your query to The Star Information Bu- rean, Frederic J. Haskin, director, 1220' North Capitol stret. Inclose 2 cents in stamps for return posts age.) CAPITAL KEYNOTES BY PAUL V. COLLINS The officers of the Navy at head- quarters are astounded by the devel- opments of the evidence of the re- cent wreck of nine destroyers off the | coast of California. They are unable to explain how the catastrophe could have occurred white all the vessels were under command of experienced navigators. There have been no precedents even approaching such a loss since the | avy was established. Hitherto, with a total of 341 destroyers built, only | three have been lost, with two others damaged but saved. Suddenly nine go | onto the rocks together, two heing | saved but seven wrecked, with a logs of twenty-three lives. In none of the cases of loss has blame been attached to the commanding officers, until in the recent wreck off the California coast. * X K X ! In 1918 our government bought the | right to install what was called a| vdirection finder,” later called a| “radio compass.” This preceded wire- | less telephony. But the radio com-| pass did not prove satisfactory until | D ucudm tube and amplifier were added. Then it was found to be a great safety device for locating ships at sea from a stationary point| dead reckoning whether he is nerth or south of the radio station, and use the degree signaled accordingly. There iz wh the fatal blunder was made by this destroyer fleet. It believed it had passed Point Arguelle, where the radio station is located, according to its own dead reckoning, and when the signal came “You bear 330 degrees. tht did not coincide with its dead reckoning of being south of Point Arguelle. so the fleet adopted the complementary 130 de- grees of the compass. But succes- sive signals wh rpreted into the complemer would have indicated ti t be traveling eastward, Iust south, as shown by ship’s magnetis compasses. By means of two signals of difec- tion an hour apart and the use of the dead-reckoned course as a base of the trlangle thus formed, it is an easy problem of triangulation to discover on shipboard the distance the ship is running from the shore station. * % i Point Arguelle extends into the sea as a cape and mouth of it the coast recedes rapldly eastward. Assuming that they were past the point (though actually north of it) the direction of ling then turned eastiward, but, being north of the point. that charted on land, . |ran the ships directly onto the main- 2h kR | iana, : 2 * x ok % v vero made in | 2 : : > Srent Improvemente wero made 18 | 0y rechoning ' never religbie o | for it Miay be modified by wind, cur- standards, and these were delivered | 1% ‘& 8E B8 FOCCSE OY B e e to our Navy in 1915 but held secret | [IS OF FRORHIGOLS O e navigas on account of the war, although we | tors all assumed ths [he‘rdfl‘;fi;fi:d v en involved in hostilities. | reckoning was accurate and that the Upon O e ance Into the war the | signals from shore were to be inter- radio compass, improved, was in- | preted into complementary degreés. stalled ‘on our destroyers and fadio) Each ship commander is person ." Later|ally responsible for the ¢ of his Stations sstabiished on shore. Later [ally responsible for the safecy of his I the instruments were' put at shore stations, and only signaling instru- ments left on the vessels at sea, ex- cept on battleships. That Is the present system All discussion now as to whether it is rellable or not is out-of-date. It is & proved success, though open to further improvements. The radio compaes on shipboard is still ex- perimental and is being studied, but the shore instiument fs reliable within its limits, according to official | documents of the bureau of engineer- ing of the Navy. * ok ok ok The radio compass is a loop an- tenna mounted to rotate on its Ver- tical axis and connected to any suit- able tuning and detecting apparatus. ‘When a ship sends in its signal; ask- ing for its location or direction .from the known and charted station,” the plane of the antenna frame is turned until the maximum of the sound of the signal is caught; it is then broadside with the line on which that sound is traveling, though it cannot tell from which end of that line the gound is coming. Then the antenna s turned until the edge of the frame ia en that line. That glives the mini- mum sound, becayse the range of the minimym is narrower and sharper and more accurate than the broad- side catching the maximum. * % % x The weakness of the instrument is ts inability to tell from which’ end of the line of sound the signal is coming; it can only tell the line of directlon, as expressed by compass degrees. For example, if a signal from a ship is determined to be coming along a line of direction, it may be that the answer will be wire- less, “You bear 330 degrees.” That may mean also tkat the ship being south of the statign instead of north woul% “bear’” - ti compl‘:m:ntt;)e' > " being opp ~ ar ?l g&o'lh vi- 24 mands from the fleet commander if in his judgment they jeopardize his safety. Yet not one of these com- manders protested or duestioned the fleet commander’s interpretation. * % x K At present a board of inauiry is tnvestigating. It will report and then the Secretary of the Navy will order & “court-martial to _tr manders. The law giv court- martial practically unlimited agthor- ity to fix the penalty. In view of the deaths of twenty-three victims, the oharge might be manslaughter, There is no precedent for such a catastrophe, and officers at naval headquarters find no defense appar- ent, so far as testimony has beem published. (Copyright, 193, by P. V. Colliusg -Noises of Nighttime. Should Be Hushed in City, Observes Write~ To the Editor of The Star: Bverything possible should hé.gone to prevent unnecessary mnoises m & city, especially during the most im- rtant sleeping hours, to wit, from midnight'to 6 a.m. Z Strect. cars ruiming all night, make a noise that seems terrific dgring those hours -when 75 per cert oD the people are tryipg to sleep. There would be ho hardship in stoppibg the street cars at midnight and using & comparatively noiseless bus line until 6 am. (It is not at all necessary to have bread and milk wagons making dellveries during those hours. The bread is_buked the day before any- how,.and the milk is brought from the dalry farm many. hours earlier. A regulation -uld Be adopetd for- bidding whistling, loud talking and singing on the streets during those hours. One person ou tho stréet at 2 am. bewalling the banans def- 'clency . wakes e entire. popul i * Ftos W, &