Evening Star Newspaper, September 20, 1923, Page 6

=THE EVENING STAR, With Sundsy Mevaing Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C., { THURSDAY. .September 20, 1923 W. NOYES. Star, with the Sunday morning edition, is d ed by carriers within the city At 60 cents per month: daily only, 43 cents per month: Sunday only. ats per month. Or- be sent iy mail or telephone Muin ction is made by curriers at the it month The Eveni Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland und Virginia. Daily and Sunday. 1 yr., $5.40; 1 mo., Iy only.. 1 ¥r., $6.00; 1 mo., Sunday only 1yr., §$2.40; 1 mo., All Other States. 1 Daily and Laily only. Sunday onl Member of the Ass The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dis- patches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this paper and also the local mews pub- lished herein. ~ All rights of publication of peci re_also_resersed. The Farmers' Relief Problem. Wanted: A practical method of heiping the American farmer under is the conditions, spelling ruin for many of the agriculturists, confront- ing him. President Coolidge, his‘cab- inet, Senator Borah _of Idaho and other legislators are ving the matter their closest attention. If n d method can be found and plan framed, ring additional legislation, then S, S Borah believes, will | 1 session by Presi- | dent Coolidge, who is in hearty gym-| pathy with the plight of the farmers. Unlike some of the legi come from the ag ator Borah believes that it is essen- ) tial—and so does the President—that definite plan be approved by the administration before calling Congress * together. Je would be gained by calling Congress and simply laying before that hody a message declaring that the American farmer in a bad way. 1t we done now | | St st i Congre: tor be called in sy cultu a is l before an extra session called! we would not be likely to, nglee! terward,” is the way the Idaho sen- puts With 435 members of | the House and 96 members of the Serate, many of whom have varied opinions as to what should done to aid the farmer, and some of whom believe that nothing can be done, but | he must work out his own salvation, ere would be little likeljhood of any- thing practical resulting from a spe- cial session at this time. Such a session would cost the American tax- payers thousands of dollars without any real benefit. But if a practical method can be devised—and ever effort is being made in that direction— | and the administration and republican | leaders i Senate and House can get behind it solidly, the special -session would be a different thing. As Senator Borah points out, the farmer today is compelled to sell his products at pre-war prices and to buy supplies at war prices, and at the same time he is compelled to pay treble the amount of taxes he paid before the war. There is a big crop of wheat and of other staples this vear, all of which tends to decrease prices received by the farmer. Legislation by the federal Congress demanded to assist the farmers. e legisiators, however, if they are called in session, will be faced by the « difficult problem of helping one class of the country’s population without enacting class legislatiolt, if ‘the res of the country is not to suffer. It is to the interest of the industrial popu- | Jation to obtain its food products at| as low a rate as possible and at the same time to sell its products as high isas possible. Inevitably the interests the agriculturallst and the indus- tvialist conflict. But there should be shift in the economic balance, so that the farmer may get a greater share of justice. —_————— Bolling TField Air Carnival. Specifically a benefit entertainment | the Army Relief Society, the air 1 to be held at Bolling Field | ¢ afternoon and evening should drive home to the Washington public “the value of an air fleet for Americ ",Huropean powers strong in aerial de- ' fense frequently provide air circuses for their people and have stimulated @ general public interest in flying to the extent that both commercial and military aviation have prospered. Efforts here and at other air service stations have been directed toward | making the air carnival the largest | and most interesting one ever held in this country. The latest in air- planes, equipment and flying will be placed Before the spectators here Sat- urday and will furnish an interesting comparisen with the exhibitions given not so many vears ago at Fort Myer, when it was not positively certain that a pilot would be able to land safely when once he was in the air. Bombing, racing, stunting, various forms of military flying with tiny and mammoth planes; sky-writing, night flying, etc., will consume several hours of rapid and thrilling entertain. ment. The outlying towns and com- munities have been ‘“bombed” with literature during the week, it being the desire of the officers in charge to s zive levery one an opportunity to see " this aeronautical exhibitign. ———— The return to work of the anthra- _“cité miners makes this g day of more general” rejoicing than Labor day is for | the o | though consumers-find-it hard to fol- ilow the argument, Each side main- tains that ji desires to protect the pub. lie S0 that it may have the best milk at the lowest price, and no doubt pro- ducer and dealer see some advantage to themselves, one in selling through an association and the other in buying directly from the man who owns the cows. The dealers say that no advance in price will be made unless the pro- ducers raise it, and the producers have voted not to raise the price this winter. Health Officer Fowler says there are no apparent reasons for an increase in price. Usually there is an advance in the wholesale price of milk on Octo- 1, but the price was not reduced | last summer and remained at the win- ter gate. The possibility of a conflict between shippers and distributors has resulted in many requests on the health department for - application blanks for permits to ship milk to Washington, and it is clear that large quantities of milk would come frém farmers and dairymen not hitherto shippers to the District.\ The health department has shown its ability to keep at a high point the quality of milks fsold here, and there will be no letdown in the vigilance it -exercises over shippers and distributors. —————————————— England Hesitates. of the British government to return a sympathetic reply to the proposals recently advanced by the United States for a treaty arrange- ment designed to recognize the Ameri- prohibition law does not for the the case. The London will lay the question be- imperial conference, which next month. If then there is no disposition to move toward ac quiescence in the American proposal matter will be left in an-inde- terminate condition, likely to cause continued friction, Secretary Hughes, in his suggestion to the British government proposed a reciprocal treaty whereby the right of search and seizure of British ships will be extendéd to twelve miles off shore, in return for which British ships will be enabled to transport liquors.te American territorial waters, it not used in violation of the law of the United States. The American courts have from time to time rendered decisions recog- nizing the right of this government search and to seize liquor-smug- gling ships within the twelve-mile limit. The Supreme Court has also bheld in a test se that the transporta. tion of liquors through American ter- ritorial waters is illegal. Thus this government is in a position to stand upon its own law ard carry the right of search to twelve miles and to forbid transport through territorial waters of contraband goods. The State De- partment’s proposal is to adjust this matter by treaty to give each nation its right. It would seem in the circumstances that Great Britain has somewhat to gain and nothing particular to lose by a treaty along the lines proposed by Secretary Hughes, The govern- ment at London can hardly with con- sistency denounce the right of the United States to protect its own law by the extension of the right of search and seizure to a practicable range from the coast line, even though that range may be wider than the so-called territorial limits recognized generally in international law. The “parking” of liquor ships three and & fraction miles from the shore for the avowed, undisguised purpose of - smuggling contraband goods into this country is a flagrant deflance of the Constitution and the enforcement act. The use of British bases of supply and trans- shipment for this illegal traffic is a scandal which cannot be justified by the British government. If the situa- tion were reversed and American ter- ritory were used for an illegal trade with a British possession there would undoubtedly be @ stiff and determined protest against the practice. If the courts of this country sustain the right of this government to extend the- range of seizure to the twelve- Failur can sent close government t assembl fore | mile point the United States has but to proceed with that method of en- forcing its own law and preventing its violation. It does not need to ask { permission of a foreign government. It is, however, courteously proposing to Great Britain an agreement which will recognize its rights in the prem- ises and will at the same time yield a reciprocal right of transit for liquors that are not intended for consumption within this country. If this proposal is rejected there will be nothing to do but to enforce the law as written and as construed by American courts. e — 1t required an earthquake to re- mind a number of people that the rela- tions of Japan and America are nor- mally and consistently of the friend- liest nature. ————— Many people did not take the Jap- anese beetle with proper . seriousness until the news came that it is ruining the greens on many of our best golf: courses. Public School Enrollment. Registration of pupils in the public schools grows. The number exdeeds 62,000 and school officials. say that from now until November 1 there will be a steady increase in enroliment until the total of about 70,000 will be reached. Whatever the final number, there is no doubt that the schools will be called on to take care of more pupils than their capacity will allow. The crowding of last year, and which has been complained of for several « itself. e The Milk Dispute. The contest which threatens to de- velop between milk producers and dis- tributors will not arouse much public Intergst in Washington so long as the quantity and quality of milk continue satlsfactory and the price does not go higher. The controversy between the i local milk dealers and the dairymen % and farmers who ship milk to the Dis- £ “trict comes to the surface now -and then, and at times a milk war impends which might seriously affect our sup- Py The dairymen desire /to sell Jtgrough the Maryland and /Virginia . Milk Producers’ Assodiation rather .. than directly to the dealers. The lat. “J;ter stand out for direct buying. from ‘the producer: “There are two pi 'llq to thy ’nuuon‘, 3 s % years, will grow. worse as the increase of the school ‘population outruns the expansion of school facilities. The pressure on school space will be heav- ily felt as cool weather begins and the winter crowds come to Washing- ton.” With Congress come many sons who make Washington their temporary home and who enter. their children with the ‘Tocal schools. "It will be then that we shall hear most. abont . ‘“disgraceful overcrowding.” This will be not only because of the crowding, but because that crowding will .touch. ~the -homes and will be obvious to many men in Congress and other high official” place. . The' number of childrén registered in the public schools is not go great as it would be if there vrere better school. facllities, - Many ‘chidren are sent. to. private ‘schaole for the reason N that accommodations are inadequate in the public schools. :There can be lictle relief in ‘the school situation |this year and it largely depends on the reception which the budget bureau gives the Commissioners’ supplemental estimates for the next fiscal year | Whether the situation will be im- proved in that period. In the regular estimates the item for school building construction was reduced to a point about $500,000 below the current ap- propriation and the amount carried in the estimates is only sufficient to complete four school buildings now under contract. Cause of the Naval Disaster. Testimony given at the court of inquiry n Diego into the recent naval disaster, when seven destroyers were wrecked and twenty-three men were drowned indicates that the tragedy was caused by confusion as to the course which the flotilla was pursuing. Radio signals were being sent to the destroyers from a_ shore station, giving directions as t6 posi- tion and course, It appears from tes- timony just given before the court Dby the navigation officer of the flag- ship Delphy that these signals were believed to be inaccurate and that the course plotted on the flagship was regarded as correct. That the radio signals were right and the plotted course was wrong was proved by the piling up of the destroyers* on the rocks. If this evidence is sustained— and there is little reason to doubt—it is evident that a change of system is imperative in the handling of naval ships on coastwise courses. Either the radio compass must be abandoned and responsibility centered upon the navigatols themselves, or the radio courses must be made to govern with- out question or deviation. Division of responsibility apparently leads to disaster. The radio compass in this case was correct. Had it been re- spected the destroyers would have reached port in safety by taking a more westerly course, This lesson has been learned at a terrible cost. Repe- tition should not be necessary. —_————— The propriety of Sunday sea bath- ing is being questioned at Atlantic coast resorts. The discussion will not make much immedfite difference at this time of year unless Florida can be persuaded to take it up. —_——————————— The temporary silence he decided upon has been consistently maintain- ed by Magnus Johnson. 1f he can be equally successful in keeping all his promises he will be one of our most successful senators. ———— The energetic and aggressive Mus- solini might feel that there is a fu- ture for the league of nations if ar- rangement could be made for him to uniform it in black shirts and take personal charge. ————— s pointing with pride to | the artistic beauty of her latest paper currency. The European in- clination to capitalize artistic reputa- tion is sometimes pressed to the verge of absurdity. ———— German { i Crop-killing frost is reported from various sections of the country. This gentle apology for the high cost of living is expected regularly in the spring and the fall. i { i | { SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER. JOHNSON i l Comforts of Oklahoma. Why should T go to Eurcpe for the news that brings a thrill, With military terror mixed with dip- lomatic skill? Why should T cross the ocean for the rumors day by day | Which cause my hair to stand on end while it is turning gray, When out on Oklahoma ground The battle trump is made to sound ‘While banners fiercely float around In such a startling way? Why should I go to Europe for the terrors 1 require In the mental agitation that the most of us desire? hy should I pack my suit case and %0 traveling in haste For problems that pertain to war and economic waste, ‘When out on Oklahoma soil, ‘Where crops grow just above the oil, Existence shows a grand turmoil To satisfy each taste! i | Financing Great Events. “You don't seem very grateful for efforts to contribute to your campaign fund.” , “Why should I be?” rejoined Sena- tor Sorghum; ‘“‘money is plentiful. If people stand in Hne to pay big money 1 to “pugilists, there's no reason for them to hold out on the promoters of a snappy, high-class political contest.” Jud Tunkins says a few of the boys had to hurry up and take their vaca- tions 80 as to be home in time to quit work in a strike. Saying that @ man's heart is in the right place usually seems to imply that his head isn" THb Dirigible. A dirigible soared in mirth, | + A thing of lightsome loveliness. ‘'Without a bump it came to earth— And therein lies its chief success. “I'see you have put lightning rods’ on your new barn.” “Hed, to do it,” answered Farmer Corntossel. “You said years ago that lightning rods were useless.” “Yep. . Science has been mighty busy since then. If they kin prove that the old law of gravitation ain't workin' any more there’s no tellin’ 'but what they've given us a new kind of electricity.” Speed. “Aleohol slows down a man's speed,” remarked the physiologist. *Not if he's runnin’ a bootleg auto- mobile,” answered Uncle Bill Bottle- "top. 4 On the Safe Side. "Jazz ‘musi said TUncle Eben, ‘sounds to me like some one was plokin’’ on de banjo ‘cause he felt riled &n” simply had to plck on somethin’.” o “f admit. 4 “Germany i Can Europe H'oldv Together? VII—France’s Problem. BY JOMN ¥F. SINCLAIR. Frank Vanderlip once said that the French mind grows bewlldered when the unit of & billion is reached. Even before the great war. her handling of the public debt problem was noto- riously bad. The French debt:in- creased forty-eight-fold from 1300 to 1914. Compare this with the debt of Great Britain, which increased dur- ing this time only twofold. The government of France in 1914] actually owed more money than the Bovernments of Germany, Greece, Ru- mania, Serbia, Sweden, Norway, Great Britain and United States combiued. With the population equal to one-! third of that of the United States and covering a territory one-fifteenth as much, France entered the world war financially sick. She was already over- burdened with debt. She owed $166 for every man. woman and child within her country. She had the largest government debt per eapita in the world—twice that of Great Britain, five times that of Turkey, six times that of Russia, ten tim, that of Germany and fifteen times that of the United States, Now this is o very significant fact. At the very time when the war broke on startled Europe France was making up 4 deficit in her running expenses by selling $250,000.000 of bonds. She was constantly’ seiling her bonds to pay her running expenses. From 1881 to 1890 she spent about $1,000,000.000 more than she raised in axes. From 1871 to 1914 the public reased from 00, which the interest charges day to $80,000 pe; the situation just before the war came in a nation which, territorially speal ing. could be swallowed up by the state of Texas with enough land left over for Texas to carve out three new states as large as Maine, New Hamp- shire and New York combined. * X % ¥ In 1914 France had outstanding $1,350,000,000 in bank note currency and deposits and $840,000,000 in gold to back up these obligations. In other words, for every dollar of bank notes and deposits outstanding she had 62 cents in gold to pay with. During the war and up to Decem- ber 31, 1920, she increased her bank rotes and deposits to $8,400,000,000, while her gold reserve actually d creased to $775,000,000. To put it in another way, her circulating bank notes sed seven and one- w the gold and silver reserve decreased $65,000,000. For every doliar of bank notes and deposits out- wlnndm_g at the end of 1920 France had only 9.5 cents in gold to pay with. On July 1914, the bank note circulation per ca was equal to $32.49. On October 15. 1919, it was §178.89 per capita. What happened? The same thing happened in England. With far greater ratio in the incre, of money than of goods produced within the country, the | prices of the articles of living went up and the purchasing value of the | franc went tumbling down. Taking | the average wholesale prices in| France during July, 1914, as 100, such a we did in the case of England, find the prices for the same articles averaged 206 in July, 1918, P in July, 192 that is to due chiefly to inflating its v, an article whi cost $100 1914 cost $373 in July, 1 * * % t To get a true picture of France these figures above quoted must be kept in mind. Few of us lize re Franco-German | ernment win that the public finances of France were in a bad way when she entered the war. She owed too much money. Now, mark you, while France entered C., THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 20, 1923 The North Window BY LEILA MECHLIN During the summer the largest apd ‘most - comprehensive exhibition of American sculpture which has yet been assembled was shown in New York on the grounds and beneath the roof of .the Hispanic Museum and its sister institutions at 156th street and Broadwa; When his great exhibition was the war financially weak she made!®ohcluded the' ist of September. the no_effort during the war to correct | her weakness. The authorized fig ures—and they are the only ones we are using—show that France spent for war purposes $21,677,000,000 and raised in war taxes to pay for this Fuge expense the pitiful sum of only $21,000,000. For every dollar _spent for war purposes she raised 1 cent in war taxes. Compare this with 31 per cent ralsed by the United States and 23 per cent by Great Britain. I can put it in another way. France during the war raised each year in war taxes an Average per indlvidual of just-12 cents as against $28.75 raised in the United States and $35.94 raised in_ Great Britain. We can only conclyde that France expected to be victorious in a short way. But she guessed wrong. France faised by taxes 15 cents out of every dollar she spent for all pur- poses, war expenses included, during the period of the struggle. So 85 cents had to be gotten elsewhere. She got it by borrowing on her oredit and by inflating her currency just as_England did. Just how was-this done? First, by selling her liberty bonds and her short-time loans, she in- creased her debt from $6,652,000,000 to $28,702,000,000 on January 1, 1919, an increase of more than 430 per cent. Second, by increasing her bank- note _ clreulation—her - volume _ of, money—from $1.156,000.000 to $8,- 400,000,000 on July 1. 1919, an in- crease of 730 per cent it came to 1918. France won. vected inflation to would pay farthing, Since the clgse of the war France increased her public debt, based on par exchange, from $28,702,000,000 to $58,200,000,000 on July 1, 1920, and TOW to approximately $60,000,000,000 on July 1, 1923, Since January 1, 1919, she has in- rmaasd ‘2‘%00 banicnote cireulation 400,000,000 to approximate; $9.000,000,000. Tn 1914 an American dollar would purchase 5 January, 1920, 10 fran September, 1923, 18 francs. The deBt charges in 1928 are twelve times the debt charges in 1913 and more than thres times the total ex- Denises of the French government in France {s spending for 1923 about 45.000,000,000 francs and raising about 22.000,000,000 francs in revenue, yet she has a larger army than any. coun- try has ever had in modern times. Still the difference of 22,000,000 francs must be raised. How? .Ey issuing more and still more government bonds and short-time notes and sellinz them to her people. But she cannot do this forever. The demand for her .bonds is already growing less. The interest rates on her bonds are getting higher and higher. ‘Even at 6 per cent the last issue of her bonds was not all subscribeg. Then what? The gov- sell” them to the Bank of France, who in turn will give new bank notes in exchange. When the French peasant refused to buy any more bonds, then France has only one The war a close late in Everybody ex- stop. Germany all war costs “to the last francs, and in now, | course open—the one Russia and Ger- many and ungary and Austria has taken. * Today she is fast moving into that position. Next: The Baffling French Debt , in United States and Great merican Newspaper ghts reserved.) Rapprochement Poland and Seen Certain by U. S. Editors Slowly, but none the less surely,! the editors of America see a rap-| prochement _certain between Ger- many and France. True the leaders of both countries continue to utter defiance at specified times. But there | are evidences that passive resistance | is well-nigh ended in the Ruhr. And,| so soon as production there begins to increase, “reparations in kind” will pass into France and general Euro- pean conditions must improve. “Both France and Germany,” the Kansas City Post points out, “have suffered as a result of the situation that has long prevailed in the Ruhr. They both, threfore, have reason for gratification for any developments that give promise of an early settle- ment of their dispute. The remainder of the world eagerly awaits such a settlement. While the suggested “industrial accord” was brushed aside by Premier Poincare, a large number of editors are convinced it eventually will form the background for a com. plete agreement. while the Roanoke Times recalls that it is “strikingly similar” to the suggestion made by the American reparations experts in 1919, and agreement must come be- cause “Germany is almost at the end of her tether, and France, t0o, Is secretly sick of the whole business. Stresemann sees clearly the necessity for an agreement. Poincare also sees what he is not yet willing publicly to 1t must be remembered, in all discussion of possible settlements, t Indianapolis News polnts out, that “if business in Fra and iermany bears any resemblance to business in this country, there can be little doubt that business men on both sides of the line are anxlous for a séttlement—as well they may be. For the present state of affairs is bad for business. What is bad for business is bad for all people, since all, in one way or anoth- er, live by business and are engaged in'1t The w York Post is convinced is bracing herself for the inevitable récognizing that her own collapse must come,” unless a settle- ment is reached, while the Brooklyn Eagle holds * ere al] diplomatic formulas and suggestions for politi- cal compromises have failed, the ir- resistible pressure of economic chaos is succeeding.” The latter, as the Boston Globe recalls, “has well-nigh wiped out the German middle class as such. There is no half-way house between rule by the very rich.or rule by the very poor. The German mag- nates are suggesting to their ¥French brethren that they may, after all, have more in common with each other than they have with the ommunists What is a frontier between friends? 1t is, however, Germany that vields, as the Cleveland Plain-Dealer an- alyzes the outlook, because “just now the disinterested American, as well as the American who fought in France and who, saw war at first hand, sends a silent message of sympathy to the French who are striving, despite the oppasition of their greatest ally, to make the victory of 1918 really sig- nificant and not merely & temporary salvation of human liberty and a tem- porary setback for Prussian ambi- tion.”” It also, is the German gov- ernment alone, that has been to blame for the policy of passive resistance, the Mobile Register insists, because “Iit is probable that the German work- ers, glad to receive better pay from the French, would have continued roduction and the oceupation of the ubr would have been an economic success. That they have not done so may be said to have been because of the pressure brought to bear on them by the Berlin authoritles, obeying the orders of the Germap industrialist: All discussion of the French at tude should keep in mind, the Lincoln Star suggests, that “throughout the rich mining districts of - northern France Germany set about systemati- cally to destroy everything that would be of value to France” so that {no one sin; tactor enters into the reparations problem fully as does the matter of comp; tion for the . & destruction of her metal industrie: Incidentally, the Boston Transcript is convinced the end of the present in- tolerable situation comes speedily be- cause “the initiative came from Ger- simplest course would be “for the teich to humble itself before the nvader,” the Baltimore Sun believ: nd to trust to the clemency of Poin. care to see that if this were done the rest of Germany would be given a chance to recuperate. The big indus- trialists have one other choice that they can make. They could, as Luden- dorff is sald to be demanding, risk everything in a desperate gamble by throwing in their lot with the fasci t1 organization from which they have hitherto held aloof. Such decision would make a reactionary coup the more serious, but would not greatly improve {ts chances of success. And the business men of Germany are quite. clear-headed enough to realize this and be guided by their realiza- tion in advance.” Tncident to this ar- gument, the Syracuse Herald points out “tlie admission by the German IAwyers in the Krupp von Bohlen case the Ruhr occupation was a valid and peaceful compllance with the treaty provisions made the belated British claim to the contrary look rather ridicuolus.” The cost to each side has been so great, the Philadel- phia Bulletin insists, “the world must hope that the era of coercion on the one hand and of obstinate resistance and sabotage on the other will cease and that a tangible reparations solu tion may finally be sealed by an eco- accord between debtor and cred- This, likewise, 1s the position of the Bangor Commercial, which feels “a start already has been made,” and of the Burlington News, which su gests Germany at last is convinced “by stopping her vainglorious _tactics in the occupied territory and getting down to business she will do much to- ward convincing. the outside world that she has realized the futility of further evasion, whether or not she actually decides to' give up her at- tempts at trlc‘kery a ld decelt.” Men Are Held Best Analysts of Women The announcement of two new nov- els by “master analysts of women” should stir readers and doubtless will, remarks a cautious cotemporary. It is recognized that what the world needs is an analysis of women by somebody who knows how to make it. And our man’ novelists know. Should the world ever need an analy- sis of men our woman novelists will be called upon to supply it, but that demand is hot now insistent. Men are too simple dnd obvious, too easily understood. The creatures say what is in their minds, go about their objectives openly &nd behave other- wise like humans. Women do not, of course, If they did, the master analy- sts of the sex would be thrown out of work. But they do not intend this calamity should come about. Like all specialists, they are careful to pre- serve the mystery of their profession. ‘That mystery is based on the assump- tion—also created by analysts—that women are different from men and cannot be understood or dealt with upon any rational ground. This fact established—and our nov- elists have succeeded in getting it firmly set up—the great science of interpreting women was bound to flourish. Immense literary labors have been expended in it, but there is still work to do and always will be, Like ail sciences ‘its mysteries are con- stantly attracting new minds, and these are constantly producing new systems quite at variance with the old. The confusing results have been twe making of the science. It is now a delightful chaos in which the analy- and g- -nmn; ‘_yr:mlbom Baltinfore Museum ‘of which g not yet two years old, through the ca-operation of the American Feder- ation of Arts and the National Sculp- ture Soclety, selected 161 works shown therein—bronzes, plaster casts. marbl had_ them ~packed and shipped 'to Baltimore, where on the 224 of this month—day after tomor- row—they will be set forth in Mount. Vernon Square and In the Garrett House, now occupied Ly the museum. This was ‘an_ambitious and enter- prising undertaking and one which should redound greatly to the credit of the young Institution. Though it will comprehend less than one third of the works shown in New York, the exhibit will be sufficiently large and varied to give a fair idea of current output in this field and will indicate to the public the quality of the sculp- tural work of today. It is understood that the exhibition ~will through October. * k% x To a thoughtful observer it is quite remarkable what the sculptors of America have accomplished In a brief #pan of years. There are those still living who recall the dedication of the Jackson statue in_ Lafayette Square, which was the first eques- trian Statue ever produced in_this country. Less than seventy years have passed since then, and today there Is'no large ity in the land that has not some notable work in sculp- ture to which its citizens may point with pride. To be sure, much that goes by the name of sculpture is un- worthy, but this is true of all fields of eddeavor, and the wonder is not that so much is bad, but that so many are good. And it is gratifying to realize that the standard is being ralsed and that more good things are being produced every yvear. Of course, there are those who criti- cize adversely; there are those who ridicule and Scorn, and there are pitiable examples, but, after all, we have not the monopoly of such in this country; some of the public monu- ments in Paris and London are mel- ancholy to behold. As a sculptor once sald, “Terrible, indeed, are blunders made in imperishable material!” * ¥k * ¥ But how much good sculpture adds to the beauty of a city or a town. How greatly, for example, Charlottes- ville, Va., has been enriched through the generosity of Mr. MclIntyre, by the sculptural ~groups—Lewis "and Clark, by Charles Keck; Stonewall Jackson, by the same sculptor; the continue George Ragers Clark group, by Rob-4{ the Gen. Lee, by Keck, and that superb seated figure of Thomas Jefferson, by Karl Bitter, which, with the Houdon Washington, is placed on the campus of the uni- versity. ert Aitken; * ok kR Chicago is peculiarly fortunate in having a million-dollar fund, left by a Mr. Ferguson, the income of which is to be expended in sculptural works for the adornment of the city. Through this medium Chicago has acquired-in vecent years the beautiful “Fountain of the Lakes” by Lorado Taft: the “Fountain of Time,” by the same r, and other interesting ex- f contemporary work in this fleld. ago also has Sain' Gaudens twa Lincolns, the reated and the standing figures; the Kemey's lions in front of the art institute; Andrew O'Connor's charming “Boy Scout Fountain™ and a host of other good things, among which is Daniel C. French's superb figure, “The Statue of the Republic,” originally modeled for the great world's fair, as well as Dallin’s “Signal of Peace” a great Indian statue, and, quite lately placed, dward McCartan’s charming Eugene Field memorial, the figure of a fairy bending_over fwo children who are public_schools of Chicago, and is a beautiful (ribute to the children's poet. * x ok % Nor are all the good things in thé east. Eugene, Ore., has A. Phimister Proctor's statue of “The Pioneer,” erected a memorial to those early, hardy colonizers who crossed the con- tinent, and in Portland, Ore., is Her- man MacNeil's ‘Coming of ‘the White Man,” a superb historical group. * & X %k So much more, in recent vears, hi sculpture of sheer beauty come into vogue, replacing the one-time all- popular portralt statue, or funeral memorial. To an extent this is an echo of the Renaissance, a recogni- tion of the value of art for the sake of beauty alone. And how worth while it is! How much, for example, a little sun dial, such’ as that pro- duced a year ago by Brenda Putnam, adds to the loveliness of a garden vista! Art inherently is joyous, and it Is at its best when it finds joyous ex- pression. More than many know are {fine works of this type—fountains, sun dials, ideal figures—finding thelr way into the sumptuous gardens which are today integral parts of the great American estates. And one thing can be said of American sculp- ture, that it is chaste and pure. Un- like painting, it has remained true to the best tradition and has not re- flected, save in rare instances, the abortive influence of modern times. EREE Twice lately a public outery has been made against works by Freder- ick MacMonnies. His c Virtue.” erected in City Hall Park, New York, was protested against by a group of women who objected to vice being represented in feminine form, and perhaps without reason. More lately his “Venus and Adonis,” a very beau- tiful group, purchased, it is reported, at $10,000 by the Metropolitan Mu- seum of Art as a permanent exhibit, caused ho end of furore when in- cluded in an exhibition at New Ro- chelle, and to satisfy those whose jsense of propriety was outraged was ejected from the town, wrapped in { sailcloth. This episode brought to mind the excitement caused away back in 1831, when Greenough, one of the carliest of our American sculptors, whose luckless Washington was for many years the butt of jokers, sent to America two innocent little marble figures, ‘“/Chanting Cherubs,” belong: ing to J. Fenimore Cooper, the au- thor. Dunlap, in his history, tells of the incident as follows: “Some of the young ladles of Mr. Coopers family, then in Florence, in the course of their studies, were copying a print from a picture of Raphael, in which were two cherubs singing. Fenimore saw with regret the neglect that Greenough experieuced, and was con- vinced that if he had an opportunity of executing a figure, or, still more, to show his powers, a group, it would bring him into notice, and the thought of the chanting cherubs struck him as of great beauty and suited to Greenough's taste. He gave him the order and the young sculptor, only having the print before him which the young ladies had been copying, produced the lovely group.” In order to advance Greenough's reputation, Cooper sent the group to this country, the first group from the chisel of an American artist, but alas! the cherubs were unclothed, and Puritan decency was shocked. Cooper ‘was enraged; Greenough's reputation atly suffered, ‘and the poor, in- nocent little cherubs were withdrawn, tucked away somewhere, where, to this day, no one knows. Boston, it will be remembered, many vears later repudiated Mac- Monnies’ “Bacchante, which was later purchased by the Metropolitan Museum and which the Boston Museum, it is to be believed, would today gladly own. And vet nobody protests the dreadful tin and lead soldiers which all over the country in many col lcuous places are meant “’.12‘"2‘ ‘which was hqar o 11 the War be- ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN Q. What is the height and welght of President Coolidge?—F. C. . A. The White House says that President Coolidge's height is ap- proximately 5 feet 9% inches and his weight is about 140 pounds. Q. When was the Com: i Fine Arts created?—L, §. p.mlu a8 A. During President Taft's admin- istration the Commission of Fine Arts was created—May 17, 1910. One of its first problems was the creation of the Lincoln Memorial. A site had been gelected by the Senate commis- slon in 1901, and this was indorsed by the Commission of Fine Arts, re- ported to Congress and finally agreed upon. The Lincoln Memorial s prac- tically completed, except for the bridge across the Potomac, which will connect Arlington with the Speedway. Q. Has the Spanish ous dialects?—A. L. N. A. It has many dlalects, the prin- cipal ones bein; Asturian, Leonese, Aragonese, Andalusian and Castilian. Castillan has become the standard for Spanish literature and speech. Q. Is the concrete used in building ships as heavy as ordinary concrete? —F. C. 8. A. A concrete satisfactory for ship- building purposes has been developed that welghs 105 pounds per cubic foot, while normal concréte weighs from 135 to 140 pounds. language vari- Q. How ‘many homes in this coun- try use electricity?—A. D. L. A. Commercial and advertising authorities say that only about 10,- 000,000 of the 25,000,000 American homes are wired for electricity. The value of electrical appliances actual- Iy in use amounts to about $30 per wired home. Q. What is the most that has ever been paid for a garden plant?—AM. A. A. A Michigan company is sald to have pald $50,000 last spring for a single strawberry plant. This is be- lieved to be the highest price ever paid for any plant. The berry was originated by Harlow Rockhill of Conrad, Iowa, who devoted twenty five years to perfecting it. It pro- duces berries from June until frost. Q. Where did George live while President?—! A. The first residence of George Washington in New York after his inauguration was the house of Walter Franklin on Dover street, at the junction of Pearl and Cherry streets. Cougress provided a residence at 3 Cherry street later, known as the corner of Cherry and Franklin streets. The President oved to McComb's house on Broad- ay, near Bowling Green, Washington . 3. Q. What are some of the new words which have taken a recognized place in our language?—A. E. O. A. Such words and expressions as flivver, airwoman, movie, no man land, pacifism, 8. O. 8. and war bride sre now included in some dictiona- ries. afterward ; Q. How many rallroads run through the city of Chicago?—H. J. O. A. Twenty-three through lides of railroad have their terminals in Chi cago, but there are no roads pas through the city, hence it is nec sary to transfer both freight and p: senkers, greatly complicating transportation problem of the city. Q. Who was_the author of Babes in the Wood"?—C. E. S. A. The authorship of “The Children in the Wood,” or “The Babes in th Wpood,” is unknown, and the date un certain: it probably was written about 1595. Q. What §s a smoke tree, and what is it good for’—E. R. A, Chittam wood, or American smoke tree, is a small tree belonging to the sumac family, growing in Ten- nessee, Alabama ane other south, states, from the yellow wood of wh a rich dye for commercial use 1s ex tracted. Q. Our class would like to know what should be done with a flag which 18 too old for use, A. When a flag is too old to be used it should be burned. The governmient disposes of its worn flags in this wa. Q. What is the value of Central Park, New York city?—G. B, A. A. There is no way of fixing the presefit value of Central Park, New York, but the original cost of land embraced in the park was $6,348,95 and it is estimated that over $30.- 000,000 have been expended in bring.- ing the park to its present conditién Q. Does the new immigration law apply to Brazil?—F. H. _A. The 3 per cent immigration law does not apply to South Americar countries. Such immigrants must howev meet the other require the hterary Q. What s “civil death A. Civil death is a applied to a person who of crime has been convi sentenced-to life imprisonment, th by Josing all clvil rights and co ered, in law, dead. Q. What was the origin of spoils eystem in politics?L. F. A. The spoils system is as old as politics and the distribution of par ronage to reward friends, b name grew out of the tributed to Willlam L. prominent New York der . “To the victors belong spoils.” the Q. Which Is Shakespeare's play?—R. T. A. “Macbeth” is shortest play and is mutilated. hort L. Shakespeare's evidently muc (If you have a qu answered send it to formation Bureau, kin, director, street. The only fce is 2 cents in postage.) on you war The “Star T Tederic J. Ha North “Capite arge for this sery 2 amps for rety Curzon Finds Son-in-Law - No Mean BY THE MARQUIS DE FONTENOY. Capt. Oswald Mosley, one of the youngest, and assuredly the freshest, members of the house cf commons, whose shafts of satire and ridicule aimed at his stately and terribly dig- | nified father-in-law, the Marquis of Curzon, are a source of unfalling joy | to his fellow legislators irrespective of party, shares the distaste of his own father, Sir Oswald Mosley fifth baronet of his line for Rollaston, the asleep. This last was erected by con- llarge' family estate in Staffordshire tributions from the children of the | pih nas been sold. The late Sir Oswald Mosley, who was the typical John Bull of caricature in appear- ance, manner and particularly in his readiness to use bis fists, spent the greater part of his life either in fighting or in bestowing well meant, but unwelcome philanthropy upon the authorities and people of Rollaston. His quarrels with them became a subject for never ending litigation, so that, with all his generosity, he was regarded as a foe rather than a friend of the people of the district where his ancestors had made their home ever since Sir Edward Mosley, attorney general of the duchy of Lancaster, in the relgn of James I had purchased from the ancient fam- ily of Rollaston . the lorship of the manor of Rollaston and the extensive Rollaston estates. Whereas the late Sir Oswald was known in his day as the most tur- bulent and pugnacious member of the house of commons, his grandson and the eventual heir to his baronetcy and estate, Capt. Mosley, is an equal- 1y disturbing element in parliament and, although he is a soldier by pro- fession who distinguished himself during the war as a particularly gal- | lant officer of the 16th Lancers, his| favorite weapons nowadays are his gibes and his quips and his irre- pressible sense of humor at the ex- pense of others, rather than his fists. He is married to Lady Cynthia Curz- on, second daughter of the Marquis of Curzon by the first of his two American wives, the late Mary Leiter of Washington. Lady Cynthia in de- fault of male issue to her elderandstill unmarried sister, Lady Irene Curzon, will eventually inherit her father's baronetcy of Ravensdale and will be- come a peeress in her own right. She has a little girl of the name of Vi- vian. But the latter by virtue of the unusual provisions of the roxal pat- ent, has no share in the succession, which is_limited to the male issue only of the three daughters of Lord Curzon by Mary Leiter. Therefore, if Capt. Mosley and his wife, Lady C: thia, have a little boy, he will, on his mother's_death, inherit the Ravens- dale peerage. Otherwise it will pass on the death, in turn of the un- married Lady Irene Curzon, and of Lady Cynthia Mosley to the latter's youngest sister, the now nineteen- year-old_Lady Alexandra Curzon, to whom King George's yvoungest son, Prince George, who is about to be promoted to a lleutenaney fn the roy- al navy, has been paying a sufficient amount of attention during the past season as to excite comment. * K ¥ % Lady Cynthia Mpsley Is a great fa- vorite of the King and Queen of the Belgians, and it may be recalled that they took the trouble to come from Brussels to Hackwood Park. near Basingstoke, one of the country seats of Lord Curzon, especially to attend her wedding. She shares her hus- band’s high spirits. Indeed, they are a very lively couple, and have a tend- ency to see the ridiculous side of evervthing and of everybody, even of her father, and, while he is devoted to her, there is no doubt that he finds both her and her husband exceeding- ly disconcerting at times. Thus it is dificult to_conceive Lord Curzon as relishing his son-in-law's frequent diatribes agalnst age and his eulo- gies of youth. “The world” Capt. Mosley insists, “has, since the war, learned to distrust old age and to be- lieve in youth,” and he ~ontends, both in and out of parliament, th British empire would derive enormous advantage from “scrapping the lot of its present old-fogy rulers and by substituting in thelr stead a gov- ernment of all young men” It is unnecessary to point out that, among the “present ol gy rulers’ whom he proposes to “scrap” is his father- in-law, Lond Curzon. On almost every issue that ¢rops up, either in political or social life, Capt. Mosley takes a diametrically ‘opposite view to Lord Curzon, and\does not hesitate to pro- claim his fdelings with the utmost assurance anfl impetuosity. Lord Cur- zon is populdrly credited with being far too serioys-minded and pompous to understand humor. But that he duiet sort of saturnine Foe in Politic sense thereof | affection for his daughte | thia, and his unconcealed | his embarrassing son-i have been t public eve through their hereditar aversion to mogftony and som: place and by their tendency to mix things up and to “start something they have always beer hed by a strain of wildn and some of them have had the mo extraordinary ups_and downs. I deed, the marvelois adventures ah romances of the Mo: would il volumes, and have furnished themes for many a novelist, including Charle Dickens, One of the Mo: th Rev. Sir John Mosley, as result of being crossed In love, develope: into an’ incurable crank. and, 1 Dickens' Mr. Mopes, lived in o room in his big house and refus entrance to any other person. I food was passed to him through grating, so that he might not look upon a’'woman's face. He hated the entire sex with the most savage de testation, and, in'his gardens, he h a covered walk built of bricks s that he might take exercise in the alr without being seen. He planted a fleld of mixed pepper and typify love, which shows was some method in the madness. | distingui | | s evs | d parson’s * k% ok < The Mosleys are descended from Erndal de Mosley, who flourished in Staffordshire as a local magnate ir the relgn of King John, Sir Nicholas Mosley was lord mayor of London in 1599, and his son was one of the lead- ing cavallers of King Charles in his war against Oliver Cromwell and the latter's -roundheads. It was th Sir Nicholas Mosley who, before clos ing a mortgage which the then Lo Do Laware had placed in his hand as security for a debt of $15,000 ob tained from him his lordship of the Manor of Manchester. Thanks to these manorial “rights, the Mosleys were able to control for the subsequent thres hundred years or more the markets of Manchester, whic had meanwhile become a huge city and a great industrial and commerci cen- ter. The Mosley: ed enormous revenues therefrom. Finall of civic rebellion again: nopoly broke out at Manchester, after much cestly litigation, in course of which® the Mosleys held up to public oblog tionary landed . magnates greed stood in the w; velopment of the nation’s trade and industry, a compromise was effected whereby the Mosicys sold their man- orial rights to the city of Manchester for a4 sum of several millions of pounds sterling. This was during ghe lifetime of the late Sir Oswald Mes ley's father. the were L S Orie of the most characteristic fights of the Mosleys was that between the late Sir Oswald and the parish church of Rollaston. The latter, a beautiful old edifice, has a total of three hun- dred and elghty seats. When Sir Ed- ward Mosley, in 1615, acquired the lordship of the Manor of Rollaston, he Itkewlse acquired the rights of patron of the church and to the occupation of Mo less than eighty of the seats of the church, that is to of the entire best portion of the main afsle It was always understood that such of the pews as were not occupied by the family and servants of the lord of the manor were at the disposal of the remainder of the consregation. One day, however, the late Sir Oswald quarreled with the rector, whom he himsplf had nominated to the bene- fice, and in order to get even with him he withdrew all previous con- cessions with regard to his pews, barring_the remainder of the cong: gation from them during divine serv ice, even if both he and his family and his household.were absent, and they remained empty. The parish naturally sided with the rector, who happened to be the brother of the late Lord Berners and the brother-in- law of Lord Knollys, the veteran pri vate secretary and most trusted re- tainer of King Bdward, Tho courts had difficulty in determining the sue, since Sir Oswald was within his ancient rights as lord of the manor. Finally, however, a compromise took place which was virtually forced upon Sir Oswald by public sentiment whick had been aroused, throughout the country, against him, That helps to explain why leys are not popular in Staffordshir and why they should have ju posed of their Roliastan estatc home for three hundred years or more, should be transferring their rural abode to their estates in Sus- sex mear Pulborough.