Evening Star Newspaper, July 22, 1923, Page 37

TURK VICTORY OVER ALLIES IS COMPLETE European Powers Defeated at Lausanne on All Major Points, But Near East War BY OLIVER OWEN KURN. N thelr eonquest of the Turks the allled powers of Burope, notably France and England, marched right up the hill and are about ready to march right down again. On Tuesday, in Lausanne, there will be signed a treaty supposedly settling the problems between Kuro- pean nattons and the Moslems. This treaty will end the state of milltary conflict that has existed almost con- stantly since the Turks allied them- selves with Germany in the world struggle, but the major problems and concesslons to foreign powers, oil grants and debts are yet to thrashed out fin wrbitral with possible referen of nations eventually But the specter of war in the near st has been removed from the im- mediate horizon and this, it may he stated, will go far in the general broblem of adjusting continental pol- icles—for the time being at least. The allies are left with one main zrave {asue to be ironed out—that of the Ruhr. As Jong s the near east- < problem ran concurrently with the Rubr question and the national mterests of England and b varfed to marked extent in the cast, the chances of pe: sreement and consequent order remgined remote. w o the chancellories, or allled capitals. at least can settle down to the removal of the one great Issue, which will offer warlike potentialities until finis shall have been written on states- craft parlevs—that of German repa- ratlons with French occupation of the Ruhr. Turkey Left When the allies and the Turks signed the treaty of Sevres the whole of Turkey was left open to exploita- tion by western powers. Old conces- sions were upheld and new ones forcibly granted. Turklsh nationality was made more of a joke even than under the regimes of the old sultans who suplnely bartered and gencrall left themselves at the Leck and call uf the crafty stutesmen of Europe The allies, with sharpened diplomatic linives, hewed and carved. The old Turkey territorially was left but a shambles, Mesopotamia, Palestine and i major ‘portion of old holdings in Lurope having been taken from the Turks. Truly the outlook was not so00d for Islam. Then it was that Mustapha Kemal, n army leader, defeated in the war but not in spirit, a man of indom table coura; fired by tremendous patriotism, called upou the Turkish Peoples to resist the dietates the IZuropean powers and trample into the dust the edicts and even the gov- ernment of Constantinopl then presumably presided over destinies of the Turkish peopl enthusiasm was infectlc vanks flocked soldic the skeleton army r the war. A new capit ealled nationalistst was Zora, and be counsels, € to the league near manent tled to Explofters. the His his up at An- ‘ntoes went rth that this wi 1 govern- ient of Turkey and that its decree ere to be obe Tt was announced that. with the loyal co-operation of the people. Turkey would be restored ot the old Turkey, which had known nothing Lut the burtering of its very birthright, Not the old Turkey, ever complacently abey outside On the other hand, there uld be a Turkey that would stand sirmly forth to maintain its national dignity to the last and pr ulete destruction of the and_political entity by world. The iniquities of thy 3 of Sevres were harped upon and de- nounced as being best Turklsh interests. ery was heard throughout the length 4 breadth of the land, It pros- pered, A new heart was pl. venturies old hody of th urope was told ‘that Tt never comply with any 1 the sultan’s government rope must respect Turkish and territory. . Conxtantine Goex o would signed that rights War. Tn the meantime, King nstantine of Greece, who had promised the res- toration of the old Byzantine empire, if he was sored to the throne, swized upon one excuse, then another, and Inftiated a campaign of conquest agalnst the Turks. He led his forces into Anatolia. Europ sides. The French 1 rurks, the ch seeing a chunc nd even enlarging of political influence. urnished arms to the charged that Brits 10 the Greeks. At siehting went forward over several months and then the two worn-out armies of Greece and Turkey rested pon thelr arms In Impasse. Suddenly an nations took ned toward the of maintaining thefr dominion French Jersey Member ance | which | British toward the Greeks, | Is Avoided. who secretly had been preparing with the assistance of the Russians, struck forth and dealt the Greeks a mighty blow. The Greeks began precipitate flight toward coastal points. They were routed. Ignominiously defeated. yTurkey was aflame with patriotic endeavor, At last the shackles placed upon the Turks by outside powers through the decades were to be re- moved. With the Greeks eventually forced out of Turkey, Mustapha Kemal threatened the occupation by REuro- pean troops of those points in Tur- key, notably Constantinople, over which, through the treaty of Sevres, the allles had control. The French attempted to save their interests through private agreement with the ‘The British charge that the artered knowingly against h interest when the allfe should have stood firmly together. The British decided to carry forw the allied standard against the Turks at Chanak and Constantinople spite of desertion of their caus, | the French, and subsequentl a halt {n Turkish plans of driving the allles into the sea. When the hour was most threatening, the armistice of Mudana was arranged and the whole series of difficultics, including the peace between the Greeks and the thrown into the Lausanne At Lausanne for elght months the of old world h bickered, have Jjockeyed back forth and generally have sou preserve national Interests in th of the Turks, ¢ every principle Nationalist co | statesmen enu stitution of Anzora. Stand Firm in Crisis. ‘When it appeared that the allies had won their point in the deliberations. Ismet Pasha, chief of the Turkish d | Iiberators, would get a message from |Angora to stand firm. And stand firm he aiad The world has witnesse by the allles. 1n Thave the wllies won in t at Lausanne save probably of the Turks to the line {river in "Rurac The capitulations, {by whish the Turks [recoznize the allies war | conces {rights in promise, th {ing no defi iness of allled jof the pende »f the Marit those provisio would hav n ognition of the righi- claims. In the matter straits, to the complete inde- »f which the allies 1 itted, they again stand def Straits ure to remain ope will not be under the dir the allles, but the Turk being per: 1 vessel tain im- to mai long this Territoriaily and stand” suprer | Mesopo i in regard to Palesti d, the main hinterland of s preserved almost in its e Furthermore, the vaunted u «mbition, as expressed in the 1ce conference, to kick the Iy out of I | fetied of vealization Through procrasti jabsolute refusal to negotixte |ther terms than their ow | the allles own lack of d | nesotiations to a bre 0 | With consequent warfare 1n the ons least, through the ingenuity of | Mustapha Kema) in keeping a united mation at his back. an army alw. red for any eventuality, the won “their right to b ad of stumbling under heavy economic financial concessional yokes, Tur ets the right to advance us a free {und independent people and may to firmly establish her future 'international deliber- s«—provided, of course, Mustapha and not ‘some one with ngle to exploitation of Turke: | personal advantage, does not obtain hower, financ Though the the | ition, through through Turks 2. Inst | forward | May | Attempt Overthrow. Tnasmuch as there is ! for Mustapba Kemal in [ 1ories of Europe and }is the | tion of the allies on all lin negotlations, and, furthermore, in | view of the problems that yet must ie solved outside Lausanne, it is not be expected that there will not be initiated some movement | Kemal's power and place in his i more amenable to the i viewpoint. | The thing has b lother quarters and it ean be done farain in the case of Turkey { | little love the chancel- inasmuch as he of the capitula main poin 't cause | vet null stead some o Buropean n done before in With war hazards removed the near castern problem will continue a prob- lem only insofar as various nati claims in regard to | financial settlements {it is believed that escaped their worse Guestion of oil and other matters et will b tled, and. if past perience is to guide in the inter- {#sts of the Turks themseive But many i danger lurks on the unsettled eastern frontiers of Turkey, in Mesoptamia and the mandated Mosnl ofl region Sees Slim cone Glory in Climb to Congress The introspections of a member of Congress—by one well qualified by many years of tralning In newspaper vork to deal with the subject incur- cively, with touches of humor and min interest, appreciating the short- ming of many individual members, lashing sidelights on why congress men_today cannot be Daniel Websters or Henry Clays, and withal a high ap- prectation of what it means to serve in Congress—are here given. Because he is a typical Amerfcan who achieved a rather zeneral boyhood ambition to “at least get to Congress through years of hard work and & restive zeal to seize opportunity, Rep- resentative Francls P. Patterson, jr.. republican, of Camden, N. J., whose ancestors lived in New Jersey for nore than 250 s, was asked to glive these introspections. “Like yourself, I once had to work for my living. Now that I am in Con- cress 1 have to work three times as flard as T did hefore to make both ends meet,” he says, intriguing our inter- est from the start, “Not that I want to attempt to com- pare myself with Brother Warren [iaraing (1 say ‘brother’ because we nre members of the same orders, hoth evidently belng ‘joiners’ of everything worth while—except the Ku Kilux Jlan) but the fact remains that we both started in the same humble way— i printer's devils. 1 am sorry now that I did not start as a bricklayer or plasterer. I might be making now $24 It day instead of trying to eke out an txistence as an obscure congressman, who 18 exgec!ed to live like a millfon- alre plumber and pay out twice his salary for campaign expenses. “Fortunately I own and control a aewspaper and am president of a bank, s0 1 do not have to worry about whether Uncle Sam is going to increase my_salary. “But to get back to my start in Jife, when 1 used to dream that you Jad to be a Daniel Webster or a Jlenry Clay to get into Congress. Jivery American boy has a vision of Veing at least a congressman. I wvas like all the rest, but never really expected to have my dreams come irue. That they were realized was vecauss of hard work and the fact that I grasped the opportunity when it_presented itself. “When twelve years old T started 10 Serve a paper romic o ve ~an (lo the aviiv for the large sum of two dollars a week,” Representative DPatterson say by way of background, showing his | experfences with the work-a-day life | of this country, which has given him {an understanding and sympathy that | make these introspections ring true. Hard Work in Beginning, T left that job to accept one at $1.50 a week as printer's devil on a country paper, so as to follow in the footsteps of my father. [ washed rollers, took proofs, set type and helped to turn the press when neces- sary, and in this way gained a valu- able’ knowledge of the art preserva- tive. In between times I cierked in a store and picked berries and dropped corn, to make additional spending money in the days when a nickel went as far as a dollar or 200,000 German marks go now. Later, at the age of fifteen, I branched out as a cub reporter on a city newepaper and experienced all the delights and vicissitudes of a knight of the fourth estate, taking keen pleasure in working eighteen hours a day and scoring many heats on less ambitious rivals. Finally 1 reached the post of city editor at elghteen and a full editorship a few years later. “There is no rest for the weary and wicked politician. He is at every- body's beck and call, and it being impossible to please every one he is damned if he does and damned if he ! doesn't. “Most congressmen have no time to be Daniel Websters or Henry Clays. A majority of them have not the ability, and If they have they are too busy _running errands or answering the fetters of their constituents to get a chance to show their real tal- ents. vetihe, only satistying thing about eing a congressman tached to the Job . > the honor at- “But you get no time to enjoy your family ‘or your hobbies. I like to golf and fish and prevaricate about making ‘birds’ on the links and haul- ing mammoth denizens of the deep from the cool waters of the sea. What chance have you, though? Just as you are arranging a friendly game (of golf) or an excursion after finny Deauties some one writes for govern- ment seeds or wants a pension, or PRt from the eastward, Mustapha Kemal, | rd | { “termined to stand for | holding | ander the treaty | i [ actuary i i 1 | THE SUNDAY STAR, BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is a brief summary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended July 21: Ttaly,—Maussolini achieved a mighty triumph on July 15, the proper deseription of which, strangely enough, would require a lavish use of Americanese. It had been generally pre- dicted that he would “get by" with his so- called “electoral reform” bill, and only just get by, Instead he “put over” that astonish- ing proposal to the tune of 335 votes for and contra. In fact, he had the opposition buffaloed to a fare-you-well. Perhaps it s his speech that stampeded them, perhaps not. At any rate, prior to the vote he made a speech wherein he told his inemies (and_especially the popularists, or party where to get off. He empha- more subtle points of his argument nt blows of his fist on the table by has in its hands the power, he shouted” (biff), “and will to hold it” (twe Diffs). Alluding fo the main charge against the bill, namely, that it traversed true liberty. he po: tinent query: “What is lil- ? he, himself, vouchsafed the illuminating and unequivocal answer, solves 21l doubts, vanishes all qu 5 and relegates MIE essay to the dust There is no such thing ax absolute lib- yet many forms of liberty exist.” Among the forms of liberty which do not uny longer exist in Italy Is liberty of the for within the past w Mussolini tually gRed that i Itytion. Tuded, Mussolini was hoist shoulders of deputies, while the hall th “the fascista cry” and faselsta which the gallery joined, and ex- Orlando and ¢ ity rushed to hand of the ) shirted hero. * K k¥ he Lausanne treaty July 24, Ismiet Pasha has f one of the greatest of diplomats. ks there had been a deadlock 1 debt and on concessions granted regime. Apparently which in grasp the is to be proved or many we on the Ottor by (he old Constantinopl. lsmet Pasha had cor nted to a sort of « Kind of recognition of concessions or qus concessions, or alleged concesslons, or cone sions by vour 1 granted or alleged to h n wrauted by the Constantinople govern- 1. prior to the great war, to the Viekers- mpany. the Turkish Petroleum (chiefly British interest) and a company, and_ apparently position at the last moment in the interest or allew pen_door” Ismet withdre this recognition of sorts it would n, then, Rritish pre-war concessionnaire in the cold and that by the sa American post-war concessionna S have ocea- sion to “lebrate. A% to the Ottoman debt, I# t served point-blank notice that his gov nment would ne st in sterling or French g the debt reer 1d he. be sure, s ores these matters, theoret ns and the debt-ag nent have the same validity in the sight of Rhad nan th that th always had: moreover, Sir Horace Rumboldt and Gen Pelle read declarations o the effect that their governments would never, never, never per- mit that heir nuatlonals suffer depriv; in respect of their just rights. As to wh or no they are going t¢ suffer, that sh as it may b TH Angora n bent on repudiation precisely that it may fe. In the pr of European i it seems to safe The about that the Frencl are le token the xtent -nt posture e perfectly assembly will convene ted to ratify Haour is once now Angora August 1, and is expe once this treat which th more outfaced rutwitted, Can it be t that [sm s S n th negotiations was part in n will find Lausanne due to the CHANCE FOR REDUCTION IN THE TAX ON INCOMES moral superfority of his position? The allied negotiators have refrained from stressing moral issues; from shame, one may well sup- pose. Ismet has throughout the negotiations professed. and probably sincerely, a desperate fear of Dbeing tricked, and has asserted that Turkey's condition is largely the result of shameless exploitation by the west. However all that may be, the Luausanne treaty is an acknowledgment by the west of the freedom and independence of Turkey and of the suc- cess of the Turkish nationalist movement, which was engendered and fully justified by the behavior of the allles toward Turkey since the Mudros armistice of 1918, The Turk, to be sure, acted full Turkishly; he remains the unspeakable one. But he never £tooped to anything so contemptible as the allied ahandonment of the Armenlans or the lied betrayal of the Greeks (a betrayal none- the-less, however, the Grecks, by their atro- cities, may have' got what was “coming to them™). ~ Turkish diplomacy may be pretty low, but it never sank to the level of the Huggermugger Intrigues of the several allied Zovernments in connection with the latest phase of the near cast question (Mudros armistice, 1918, to Lausanne treaty, 1923). The Turk has played the man in the desperate crisis of his affairs. It is not surprising, then. at Lausanne Ismet Pasha was cockered up by a sense of the moral superiority of his ciuse and if the allied diplomats yielded at almost every point through a sense’of shame, through the “inferfority complex.” The Turks are now free, either, as the cynles will say, to “stew in their own julce.” to make kood those handsome thi e Lotl and others have sald of them - are making a good start with high pro- tection, effective prohibition, riddance of ¢Mciency experts (Armenians and Greeks). a cho und well justified contempt for the We shall See what we shall see Russlan government has been invited end plenipotentiaries to ¥ign the straights convention and has accepted. * ok ok k China.—It is @ long time now that has been without a president (still longer without a viee president). Since Li Yuan Hung's resignation a semblance of govern 1t (with a certain claim to legality) has heen maintained by five members of Li Yuan Hung’'s cabinet of nine. But now the finance minister has quit his job and there you are The remaining four can scarcely be said to constitute « government. Meanwhile the parliament continues to cackle and gabble That Is what remains of parliament, for 220 members left Peking the other day for the safety and the bright dMihts of Shanghal, and is” sald that more will soon he ‘I through there will be lacking ajority required for election of a presid completion of the constitution. Why Id these gentlemen act thus, still further Judicing a situation already inconceivably Hed-up”™ as it were? Rumor has a plausi- nswer, nameiy, that their palms have crossed with ' gold furnished by the of Che Kiang, who is in_rebellion ainst Peking and in cahoot with that prince ndits, Chang Tso Lin, and that Niagara f patri language. Sun Yat Sen. as, !t seems that Gen, Feng Yu Hslang. ‘Christian general” he who was Gen Pei Fu's righthand man in the struggle Chang Tso Lin and who, until quite had won golden opinions from all, At any rate the Peking Christians They held a mass meeting the other d drew up a little note informing Feng ang that he was excommunicated. 1t as Feng who, as commander of the metro- politan area. forced Li Yuan Hung to fiy from P'eking and to resign the presidency, and they allege that he was fnduced thereto by a bri £ $500.600 from that old fox. Tsao Kun. also accuse Feng of other things even savory. % ok ¥ United States of Amerien.—Lieut. Maughan's attempt on July 9 to make a “dawn-to-dus! flight” from New York to San Francisco was cut short by a clog the gas line of his engine. He was compelled to drop into a pasture when within fiftcen miles of the St. is China <ha with Joseph Municipal Alr Field, and his landing gear was slightly injured in the operation. The injurfes repalred. he flew back to New York and again on the 19th hopped off for the Golden Gate, But he was again defeated by a mechanical defect when he was above Green riv ing, having covered 1,972 of the 2 of ‘his route. A leak’ had developed ofl radfator,” which he had repaired, emer- geney fashion, at Cheyenne, but the solder would not hold, and when Le was above Green river, making 192 miles per hour with only 598 miles still to go, he found it necessary to turn back and land at Rock Springs, Wyo. As proper repairs would require several hou the game was up. The gallant fiver has, how- cver, sufliciently demonstrated the possibility of @ “dawn-to-dusk” flight from New York to San Francisco. Thomas W. Higginbotham, boss of the crew of convicts ‘leased to the Putnam Lumber Company by the Florida state government, has been found guilty of second-degree murder on the charge of having caused the death by flogging of Martin Tabert, one of his con- vict crew. For stealing a’ train ride Tabert was sentenced to a long term of confinement at hard labor, in lieu of a fine which he was unable to pay. He was flogged for refusing to work, falled to receive medical attendance from the conviet camp physician, and died of his_injurfes. The' circumstances of death were concealed by a medical certificate. But those circum- ances leaked out and the legislature of North Dakota, Tabert’'s home state, took up the matter. Thereupon the people of Floridi were aroused to a sense of the iniquity of their peonage system and the Florida legi lature was consirained to act. A joint legis- lative committee was appointed to investigate and recommend. The following happy results have flowed from the exposure of the beastly ernelty exercised on Tab The trial and conviction the boss: removal from judge who sentenced the pricon inspector recommended, and p legislature of a law eystem, In this instance, #ood thing. in the of Higginbotham. office of the county Tabert; resignation of his removal was uge by the Florida abolishing the peon at publicity whs « Insulin. The government of the Dom of Canade has granted a life annufty of $7 to Dr. Frederick G. Banting, insulin. Estimate United of 500,000 ‘Toronto ion 500 discoverer of «s to the number of diabetics in States ¥ between the limits and 2.000.000. The University of itrols the output of insulin for Now s for a t and tuber- for a rich and varied diet. Insulin the dietary restrictions in these o been stated by an eminent phyeieian that the number of diabetic cases has doubled since prohibition. As long ago as 130 A. D, he says, It was ascertained that a moderate consumption of aleohol was good for diabetes. * ¥ K ok Wiscellancous.— The French army under the plan of recorganization is to consist of 461,000 Frenchmen, 189,000 colonials and 10,000 for- cign legionaires. It is significant that with her colonials the man-strength of France considerably exceeds that of Germany The German note cireulation on July 7 was 20.000.000,000.000 marks, an increase during the week then ended of about three trillion marks. A rebellion is in process in Paraguay. The other day, while the main part of the forces defending Asuncion. the capital, were en- camped in "the outiving hills awaliting th approach of the revolutionary army, a detach- ment of the latter gumbering 4,000 sneaked around and entered the city, but after a brisk fight they were driven out by the small reg lar garrison aided by voiunteers, leaving sev- enty dead. INDUSTRY URGES PUBLIC TO STUDY TRADE ISSUES k Now Under Way at Treasury Object to 3 Per Cent Basis—See Surplus Promising of Relief, Unless Intervenes. Bonus BY HARDEN HE Treasury begun wo about a taxes. Joseph M. McCoy, and other speclalists on tax- tion, are engaged in going over the cchedules and working out in dollars | and cents the estimated effect of vari- ous changes from the present law. How much the national revenue would be dect by the application of proposed reductions and what, if any, reductions appear meritorious are the chief subjects of their preliminary inquiry. Approved by Prealdent. The work has been undertaken upon instructions from Acting Secretary T the Treasury Gilbert, who is tak- ing a personal interest In the sub- ject. When Secretary Mellon returns trom his trip abroad, Mr. Gilbert hopes to have ready for his inspection the first results of the actuary’s la- bors. The work probably will be con- tinued for som time thereafter, so that the Treasury will be able to an- swer with measurable whatever questions may be asked by member: the Hou: ways and means committee, when CORgress con venes, It is regarded as certain here hat tax revismn wil be among the first things the new committee wiil take | up for consideration. i Ht'is understood that President Hard- ing was consulted with reference to the work before his departure for Alaska, and that the President is in sympathy with a plan, if it can be worked out, for cutting the tax rate to the point where revenues will bal- ance expenditures without leaving a large surplus. Cut May Be 1 Per Cent. Among the possibilities of a tax cut Jie a reduction of 1 per cent in the normal rate on net incomes below $4,000 and a similar reduction on in- comes of more than $4,000. The first named rate at present is 4 per cent, and the second rate 8 per cent. If the normal rate on the first $4,000 of net income were cut to 3 per cent, there would be a lessening of government revenues during the’ coming vear to the extent of about $75.000,000, ns- cording to estimates based upon 1921 returns. COLFAX. Department has | which may bring reduction In federal turns the dividual sed When marwardi, | thetr case. marwardi And_he too. the It the normal rate on incomes of | money loaned. He might be put to some more than $4,000 were cut from the | caytious. present § per cent to 7 the lessening would be about $50,000,000. This es- timate is also based upon 1921 re- turns. The cut in both rates, therc- fore, would bring about an estimated reduction of $155,000,000 in Treasury receipts. Another possible reduction is con- sidered In connection with the sur- taxes on large incomes. Secretary Mellon has pointed out that it was desirable to reduce surtaxes below the maximum of 50 per cent at present in effect. Mr. Mellon would like to see the maximum rate made 25 per cent. He so advised Congress when the present tax law was under consider- ation, but Congress discarded the recommendation and enacted a 50 per cent maximum. Bonus Upset Possible. A disturbing factor In any tax re- vision scheme is the llkelihood of enactment of a soldier bonus law. Treasury officials say that in such circumstances taxes probably would have to be increased to provide funds for paying the bonus. No feasible plan has been found, to date, financing the proposed bonus, Treasury officials think it 1wt an R koo sariiy Y court.” houses. and financed by the proc. sues or from ordinar: A study of the 1921 dfscloses that incomes upon | paid fall under the $5.000 mark, but that the sum turned into the national the gOVernment Treasury by this army of taxpayers vas less than $100,000,000. | 8 per cent of the total number of tax ! payers paid 87 per cent of the total income looking to relief, Treasury | say, should contemplate reifef of the | 8 per cent of the taxpayers, as well | us of the 92 per cent. India Has Prize Among Shylocks it comes to wringing blood out of a stone the money lender, or in India takes the prize, aceording to a report of Consul T. M. Wilson at Bombay. | Loan sharks of this country, with high correctness | monthly into enormous sums, are still {in the kindergarten of game when viewed from the state of perfection at squeezing out every last cent reached by the marwardl. | He would scoff at 1 or 2 per cent per month. He wants a real return. When an Indian farmer would bor- row a sum to buy new stock or add to his bulldings or provide a dowry for his daughter or meet any other demand upon his purse which finds nothing in the purse to meet it, he zoes to the marwardl and states his The marwardi tively, and i, for instance, the appli- cant would buy a new bullock the gladly advances him sum required, and asks no more in the way of security than a pledge of the entire farm. is generous in his terms, He would risk his money, under | circumstances, E. charge as 6% per cent monthly, or 78 per cent a year. | Still Other Exactions. Having come to terms, the borrow- er next must glve a receipt for the expense and_trouble T hational revenue during the Year| aven with the fine security he has taken, should he be forced to go to Therefore he demands two re- ceipts—one for the amount of the loan and one for double the loan. the borrower meets his obligation he pays the amount he borrowed and se- cures both receipts back, fails to pay the marwardi court and collects on the larger note, plus his interest. ¢ The outcome of the avarice of the lenders has been the launching of the co-operative gaining headway with such funds as the folk have been able to keep from the greedy clutches of the marwardi. These banks loan on a basis of 9% per cent annually, a rate legal in some sections of this country. People have become desperate under the grinding process of the past, but the money lenders have reapel well while they were reaping and golden harvest has filled their store- bank e e The Chinese belleved when telegra- of | phy was introduced In their country that foreigmers cut out the tongues unlikely | of children and suspended them on tors eds of receipts. income tax re- 92 per cent of which taxes were tion problem and economic attitude Less than tax. Any plan Sicisls gration laws. Europe. national be based exclusively eration of any and human welfare. rates, compounding arising from tion of the possible, be the money avoided rection are given, indiscriminately to eligible and alike, determine mental of the steamship listens atten- | and mnot from The, fines, public duty. the the new law for as low _a|difficulties. to be admitted, method of selection, The lender is still dustrial Mfe. in collecting, trial conference finds. 1t its way but if he Zoes to idea, which is gration, The | mill worker. the | yratizatio pler and phasized. The conclusion mformation. o transmit the mes- - ThnE vafi e adkian g sbe W Emphasizing for the first time thfil‘ immigration problem th is the human side of immigration must | be given prime consideration in any | permanent solution of the immigra- that alone will serve, industrial employers have gone | on record through a report of the | national industrial conference board, for far-reaching changes in the immi- This report, now made avaflable, is | based on exhaustive research by the industrial board in co-operation with scores of government and private agencles, both in this country and | . “It is clear,” the report says, a wise, comprehensive and humane | 180 result fmmigration policy cannot! on the consid- immediate special or purely economic aspect of the prob- lem, but must be developed out of broad, farsighted and | grounded views of national and inte national socfal and economic progress scientifical Departments at Odds. “The Injustices and inconsistencies | imperfect administra- present laws should, in the future. Some of these evils that need cor- as follows: The State Department and the De- partment of Labor both busy them- selves with immigration, but they do not work in harmony. Consuls abroad | issue passport vises | ineligible No examinatlion is held abroad to fitness, selective function being in the hands companies, undertake this work to avoid heavy any. 13,731 debarments last year are cited as illustrations. Facilities Are Cramped. Not enough care is taken to detect | mental defectives at ports of entry. | Facllities were cramped in 1917, and has only added new Four aspects of the government's present immigration difficulties are covered in this report: The the principle and their distribu- tion after arrival, and their assimil tion into American natlonal and in- Sume of the theories on which the 3 per cent quota law was enacted were based on false fears, the indus- 1t has been proved that not all of Europe was to the United States in 17, and conditions in Europe when the ‘law was passed do not exist today, or are merely transitory. It has been found that there is an increasing tendency among grants to remain in this country, and immigration and emigration statis- tics show this in the face of reviving industrial prosperity in Europe. Farm Labor Stimulated. It is shown also that there is a tendency under the new law to stim- ulate skilled labor and farm immi- rather than the unskilled The government is blamed for slow naturalization of aliens. for increased personnel in the nat- bureau and for a sim- tandardized law is em- ¥s reached that the relation of the immigration laws to labor shortage camnot be accurately gruged without more comprehensive in Italy, Poland, Belgium and Swit- zerland Desiring to Come. being taken by governmental agences in this country. is stated in the report. In fact, Europe is now organizing emigration on a business basis. Un- employment s steadily deer Furope, except In Great ‘ance has no emigration problem. The policy of Germany and the Scan- dinavian countries is mainly to re- strain immigration. The Belgians. on the other hand, could fill a large quota. The movement of Poles was cut by the percentage act. Italy is shown to have the most seri- ous emigration problem and that government is working on a solution. Urges More Immigration. If increased emigration to the nited States would help to stabilize conditions in some of the E: ropean “that ! countries. even slightly, would it not in.a larger market for American goods, increased production hre and increased capacity to ab- orb new supplies of labor?—the in- | dustrial report asks. Summarizing the question of limita_ a selfish | not | that “the immigration problem i fundamentally so human a problem, and the existing knowledge regarding | the inherent value and possibilftie | of assimilation of foreign stocks is so scanty and controversial, that th effectiveness of selection through the more or less accldental method of percentage limitation is serious! open to question.” Uncle Sam Leads In Coal Lands Besides being about the biggest coal land owner in the world, Uncle Sam owns immense tracts of oil shale and important deposits of phosphate, potash and other salts. The Interior Department supervising about 40,000,000 acves of public coal land in fifteen states, with the prospect that in the not distant future the coal mining on govern- ment lands will supplant that on pri- vate property. There are now more than 100 coal mines on government land in operation in eight states. Uncle Sam has given one phosphate mining lease, one ofl shale lease and four potash’ leases on government land. Besldes belng such a big owner of natural resources, Uncle Sam has given away 23,022,630 acres of public land in the Jast two years to home- steaders. This exceeds the acreage of Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Connecticut. In spite of this wholesale gift to homesteaders, our Uncle Samuel has received a tidy sum from his public lands during those same last two years, the total receipts amounting to $24,843,809. Of this, more than half came from royalties on mineral leases—$12,981,608. Receipts from the naval petroleum reserve brought in $5,643,835. Receipts from Alaska, cov- ering town lots, timber and royalties on coal leases, brought in nearly $100,000. U. S. Used Much Corks From official figures it appears that the United States has usurped the position formerly held by Russia and the central powers prior to the war as buyer of Algeriah cork, and that Spain is a competitor of Algeria in selling cork to the United States. During the war the United States wok 16,673 metric tons. or about 53 { per cent: of the Algerlan cork export- 3 pan t WA < run un ¢t it persons the chief which sense of is now number immi- The need ss and | | tion—the industrial conference finds | INDUSTRY URGES PUBLIC TO STUDY TRADE ISSUES iBonus, Immigration , Railroad and Taxa- | tion Legislation May Retard Pros perity, Is BY WILL P. KENNEDY. EALIZING that soldiers’ bonus, immigration. transportation and taxatlon will inevitably come up for legislative ac- tion in the coming Congress, Amer- fean imiustry, as an organization, Is now actively engaged in seeing that public opinfon on these subject which is now forming in the com- munities throughout the country. gives dues consideration to industry’s {arguments on these questions. This natfon-wide campafgn to di- rect public opinlon is being con- ducted by the national lindustrial council, which was formerly the na- tional council for industrial defense, aml which fs a federation of more than 300 associations of manufac- turers and employers, both local, e and national in character. It is the “organization” side of the National Assoctation of Manufactur- {ers, who pay ai three-fourths of all [mlv'_nil taxes. On national mat- ters it is the recognized medium for vxpression of the choice of Amer- fcan industry, particulariy as regards legislation, See Good Opening. The attitude of organized Rt imiustry is simply this: That now thousands of individual manu- facturers and employers have an u ual opportunity to discuss these cts of prospective legislation their representatives and to them topies for popular con- sideration in various forms, during the perlod of growing opinion It is felt by those directing campalgn that now is the time when constituencies are open to argument, while by December when Congress ssembles many loose views will hav crystalized into jwlgments. The tim for correcting defects of r. asoning is here, they say. N What Is the attitude of Ame industry on soldiers’ Lonus? Fear Heavier Taxes. The argument Is that this proposal, in whatever form presented, requires {either an expenditure of cash or tension of publle credit estimated, to Ameri- . to Involve from a billion and alf to more F Wiltion than four billi ther in some negotiable crelit extended time payments. In either event, it vastiy increases the existing tax burden at a time when the present burdens in the aftermath of war are consuming one- sixth of the national net income and exh!biting, according o competent authoritie. a national def- ticit of about two billions in the re quirements for new capital to meet the demands of reproduc - try to provide replacements tain the integrity of the structure, or he most to main- economic opportunities for {cannot be created and nance of existing facilities and op- portunities are imperiled. The man Who supports the honus as proposed risks permanent loss for small and Questionable temporary gain, tho who are directing the manufacturers campaign advise. Views on Immigration. What {s the attitude of American dustry on immigration? An attempt will made to cut the present drastic 3 per cent quota law to 2 per cent. At the present time the evidence accum- ulates that the projected construc: tion program, transportation deve opment and the many industrial ex- pansions have been serlously restric €d by the labor shortage On the other hand, the quotas of northern and western European coun- | tries have for the first time been { exhausted and the influstries and | agricuiture have exhibited an easy i capacity to absorb the permissible immigration. The permissible immigration under {the 3 per cent quotas, if all were exhausted, would permit the entranc of about’ 357,000 persons annually Allowing for aged members of fam- flies, the young and the preponder- ance of females, the net male immi- | eration is comparatively small: | this, in turn, is influenced by | wavs-existing immigration. Adjustment Plan Urged. 1¢ the present policy is to be ried forward, then, in the transition from continuing reliance upon in migration to supplement the native employment the mainte i { (Continued from First Page.) the commission and its servants may do if he fail in any particular. A mere perusal of these regula- tions will soon convince he can not do business six months | without being guilty of enough vio- lations to put himself absolutely at misston or its agents. A power plant is aware that official pleasure is the {only title by which he holds his prop- lerty. Lacks Safeguards. { 1f a lumberman should {clined to invest his capital mills and vards for the purpose of supplying forelgn trade in competi- tion with the lumbermen of Washing- ton and Oregon, he would take the chance that the bureau-of forestry might at any time prohibit the manu- facture of lumber in Alaska for ex- port to foreign countries or prohibit the sale of timber for such purposes. {He has no legal assurance that such order might not at any time wipe out his_entire investment. What deters so many from invest- ing ka is the fact that t to property is dependent upon the good will of officials. Any investor | feels that as soon as others with more influence show up_at headquarters, his possessions are jeopardized. Brief- 1y stated, no one feels he can afford to subject himself and his proper fo the mercy of Washington unless he be in a position at all times to maintain an active, alert and effective lobby at the capital, and, in addition, is in a position, Independent of the Washington lobby, to command the respect of the delegations to congress from the several states of the Union. There are syndicates with exten- sive operations and large armies of agents and employes in _efght or ten Qifterent states of the Union. When feel in s in- w these people register at the Shoreham | in Washington, there is popularl supposed to be & buzz, not only in the | bureaus and departments, but in both wings of the Capitol. These people may in fact have no influence. They may not even be demanding anything; but their supposed power is a menace to the less influential investor in gov- ernment-owned resourc 1 ave in my possession a letter written by one of the great captains of industry of the United States. It is addressed to clients of mine who had obtained a permit for a water power site. The writer coveted the bower and demanded that the per- mitteers turn it over to him. When they hesitated he reminded them very explicity that whenever any big con- cern with more political influence than the permittees possessed should want the power in question, the pre | + would not be able to hold the | an wrcording to the character of the pro- | indus- | undoubtedly be | car- | Jthe merecy of the water power com- | is no sooner erected before the owner | Warning. of nar council a labor supply to a polic restriction, the industria gues, it is the part of wisdom to cr ate administrative machinery whic will permit an adjustment” of ou cconomlc demands to established ne cessities. This can be done either by caleu lating our quotas in terms of net in migration or lodging administrative discretion in the Secre of Labe |to admit immigrants where there is | conclusi proof of & continuin shortage of a particular type or class | of labor. ! A continuing and substantial labor shortage, while increasing t nal pay of the laborer, buying power of his w. hurt rather than helpe tinuance of the ondition. | trative machinery to meet the cond tlon would plac the control of the situation in the hands of the gover: ment. so that neither the employer puld induc i or could below th ved, Admin demonstrated Expect Attack on Roads. w is the attitude of Americ: industry on trans tion? It s apparent th radical tack i to be made lie exist transportation ae is by means perfect, but it mu ppa ent that continued agitation and u: certainty as to the conditions unde “hich the transportation servic countgy is be rendered L demoral ce on £ busin ilroads and t iy or ng The hz the business o ¥ ved of o legislative moratorium % the in dustrial council. A year or two of ac tual operation under the transporta tion act will give an opportunity t study its defects and to offer reme- {al ‘amendments in the light of ac | tual experience | What is the attitude c industry on taxat-on Work fer Tax Cut. America: reinforc. ts of the vctor of the ings effective announced tha | Prestdent and budget to T It is authoritatively through this practical instrumentul ity and with the of the executive erument the pre how a curplus of | eral & ent is {of expenditu | ing increasingly | In a program of practical work for | the manufacturers assoviations it is | Proposed that they work to establish and make effective state budget sys- [tems. that they wateh carefull | whether the is exchanging an hts of ernment for fed and whether the uplicating federal taxatic cral taxation threatenir of revenue on which the st £ the gov year w nbhorhoe the fed cconoms becom whi forcing states are extravagant Unless these requirements are met | | Discussion with r Lin local communits £ ablishing regi Lin the at home i o} than Washington, with rig! Lof final appeal there on novel or fm Eliortunt) nasst urged by the industrial counc | Other points that { for local emphasis are {federal income which hax accompanted the reduction of the surtax und the recommendation of the retary « {the Treasury that further reductior ! would increase the national reve by divertin which now g nté tax-exempt securitios to inves ment in pr industry. The gr he sums taken in Ithe suppc the government tless there is left to engage in the p | duction of wealth | Millions on Pay Reol | | are recommended The galn ir Whoever is a heneficiary of taxati must hi back some way That, according { there are abe caged in Ahieh nearly 1 carrving on th unty, state iself help to what he tak: to t put s out. lust cens raons en 15, employe business of mur nd mational g very thirty- arning their 1i two public eni- are ! pal, « erny peor i arc i ployes | The more the more we which to do. point whers | oF hur net Tpul ask government to d must give it means witl Thix has reached dollar in every must go i income sury Lack of Legal Security Keeps Investor Away From Alaska it and might as well 1 later. That man simpi sloud what others only Whis This must not be taken flection upc ny of the men in th employ of the government, elther i Washington or in Alaska engag in the administration of ny of the reserves. Speaking from personal | experfence, 1 can say that I do not | believe that any government or any private corporation has had in its | employ more able, intelligent and honorable men, nor men who are more enthusiastically interested in promoting the very pPurpeEss €or which the government has engaged them. it g0 now System at Fault. It is the system which is at fault It is this government by men inste of law which our conservation j has developed with such sin success. 1t Is the bureaucratic pas | sion_ for autocratic sway. so ®vpical of the old monarchies, which of re- | cent years has been fanu {life on the American continent accorded unrestrained indulgence our conservation hureaus. What has been the result? Tt is onveyed In the following lunguas ¢ Bulletin No. 930 of the Depart- t of Agriculture: “or years the forestry service has tried In vain to interest capital the development of enterprises paper produstion in Alaska And during all_this time, forestry service wax thus vain, some §42,000.000, mostly Ameri- can money, was being invested i | pulp and paper plants on the st of British Columbia, where the nat | ural conditions are not nearly as at | tractive as on the caast of Aluska Most of this capital first sought in | Vestment in Alaska. but was driven |away and then, but not until then entered Canadian territory. Government “In on It The opportunity to engage in pr ductive industry is treated as an wct of grace extende by the ruler, for | which the latter is entitled to a “roy {alty.” Those responsible for the re | vival of this old system seem unabl |to' comprehend the eternal law that impossible to produce without the productivity with humanity A system for administering the re serves must be found b which greater legal security be given the investors und when the pleasure of some offielal is not such a potent factor. Up to the ests have been to block legislative r present lamentable « for this reason that come such @ national is destined to ralse r national importance a; She has ruined one national admis {stration and she may ruin another. The representatives in Congress from the southern states have bec: sympathetic in the past toward the aspirations of this northern domain and from them we hope for assist- ance in the futurc. (Coprright. when triving it present, private inter able, in large meusurc Hef from the nditlons. It is Alaska has e problen: z