Evening Star Newspaper, February 7, 1923, Page 6

e T THE EVENING STAR, With Sundsy Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. . WEDNESDAY. . .February 7, 1023 THEODORE W. NOYES.......Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office, 11th St. and Pennsylvania Ave. New York Office: 150 Nassau 8t. Chicago Office: Tower Bullding. {European Office: 18 Regent 8t., London, d. Star, with the Sunday morning ivered by carriers within the city r month; daily only, 45 cents only. 20 cents per month. Or- 1y bo'dent by ‘mai’, or telephone ‘Maln llection 1s' made’ by carrlers at the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday..1yr., $8.40; 1 mo,, 70c Taily only..........1yr., $6.00; 1 mo., 50c Sunday oniy....'}.11 yr.) §2.40; 1 mo’, 20¢ All Other States. Taily and Sunda; 0.00; 1 mo., 85¢ Daily only. $7.00; 1 mo., 60 Sunday only yr., $3.00; 1 mo., Zi¢ Member of (iic Associated Press. The Awsociated Press fs exclusively entitled to the ‘use for republication of all news dis- patehes credited to it or not otherwine credited in this paper and also the local news pub- lisied “herein. Al rights of publication of special dispatehes hereln are also resecved. Another “Surplus” Equity. Whenever Congress appropriates the District's accumulated tax surplus for the capital's benefit as part of the District’s proportionate contribution, it will apply this local tax money either in accordance with the 50-50 ratlo, un- der which these taxes were collected, or in accordance with the 60-40 ratio, which will prevail when these taxes are expended. Washington has consistently urged that the tax surplus should equitably Le spent in aceordance with the haif- wd-half law, which alone authorized its collection and under which it was actumulated to meet the Distriet’s half of the expense of then-existing | nunicipal needs of the war time, the neglect to meet which needs permitted and caused accumulation of the tax surpl Thus there are two alternatives in disposing of the District’s surplus: 1. Apply it in accordance with the half-and-half law, under which it was accumulated, to meet neglected mu- nicipal needs of the war time, which neglects permitted its accumnlation. Treferably, apply it in a lump, dupli- ated under the halfand-half law, to - great and urgent permanent im- provement which requires for eco- nomical and speedy completion a niuch larger amount than can be spared from current revenues after providing for essential current main- tenance; as, for example, to bring our school buildings up to date in num-| ber and equipment. a need demanding | millions of immediate expenditure. Or apply the accumulated unexpended taxes to satisfy any accumulated un- met needs. Note recent reports of the District Commissioners in which they show the extent to which’ cur- rent needs, both of maintenance and | permanent improvements, have been neglected during the time in which this socalled surplus has been ac- cumulating. The surplus merely rep- resents money that ought to have been applied in the past as the Dis- triet’s half contribution toward meet- 1g the needs to which the Commis- sioners have called attention, and fail- g to be thus applied in the past it | ought to be devoted now to meet these | wccunulated unmet needs. 2. Spend the surplus on the indi- cated municipal needs, with the gov- | ernment contributing 40 per cent of | the total contribution in accordance | with thie new ratio of sixty-forty. in-{ stead of fifty per cent in accordance i with the half-and-half law, which was | in when it was collected, | wilich gave the authority to collect i, and under whose terms it was col- | To wpply it in this way would | imake the sixty-forty ratio retroactive, 1pplving it to money raised before it! wits cnacted and under the terms of | a different law. Of course, in equity. | und in rdance with customar: husiness fair play. the accounts of th lLalfand-half period should be bal- anced und closed on the half-and-half wrinciple, and the sixty-forty ratio should postponed in - application | cortainly until the date of its enact- ment: and there may be items in re- spect to which its applicatioh should. in equity. be cven further postponed. The Hodgson testimony before the House appropriations committee this ression and the questions and discus- -onnected with it indicate recog- o the principle that when ap- ions were made on the fifty- which resulted in rcim- cents fater, when the sixty-forty ratio prevailed. these reimbursements on the fifty-ifty and hasis. consistency and cquity s peinciple applies to a lalfand-hull law. but to be expended oror sed under the sixty-forty yatio. Expenditures of surplus. col- lected operation of the fifty- fifty n only. in equity. he made in accordance with that law, though in the meanwhile the ratio has been | changed to sixty-for Congress which justly and oznizes the District's right ceumulated surplus taxes may Le trusted to show the wisdom and the same equity in spend- ing for the capital's benefit this tax sucplus. operation lected e ! | he sion nition prepria Vs, should be made sinty-forts u Tt under to its safely same —————— | waiting for the sun and without vef. ' 1esponds to the appeal of the needy. inomic calamity, may be something of must be done to correct the evils in the streets. Undoubtedly it is true that Wash- ington suffers severely frora bad mo- toring, with very few severe penal- ties for flagrant violations of the rules. Recently the courts have been administering heavier punishments. But the courts are congested and can- not reach all cases. Judging from the number of arrests there is a tremendous amount of rule- breaking in Washington by motorists. Etiher the rules are not known or they are regarded by some as written only as a matter of form. The average motorist may scrupulously observe every regulation, for his own protection as well as for the safety of others, while less conscientious drivers are cutting corners, speeding. passing over intersections too rapidly, collid- ing and breaking the parking rules. License forfeiture is so rare that such a case attracts the widest attention. In yesterday's House debate it was urgently declared that the license of a driver who breaks the same rule twice should be suspended, and one member even proposed that in case of per- sistent violation the motor itself should be contlscated as & penalty. A larger Traffic Court, a larger force of traffic policemen, correction of the present collateral-forfeiture arrange- ment, stiffer penalties and perhaps a change in the law regarding responsi- bility in the case of the killing or maiming of & pedestrian—these are urgent needs today. Congress can sup- ply them by making provision through appropriations and perhaps by amend- ing the.laws relating to traffic regula- tion. If the feeling displayed yesterday in the House can be expressed in terms of such corrective legislation conditions will improve. Clean the Walks! Washington householders are re- minded that there is now a snow cleaning law under which they are re- quired within a certain length of time after a snowfall to clean their side- walks. If they do not do so they are subject to penalties, The District gov- ernment may clean the walks and as- sess the cost upon the householders. This is a new law. enacted after a long period during which there was ro statute in force, owing to a court ruling that the old snow law was in- operative. Possibly this new one may be attacked in legal procedure as a test. Meanwhile it is the duty of every- body to clean the walks. Good citizenship does not wait for law's compulsion to make the side- walks passable in winter. The house- holder should remove the snow him- self, or hire some one to do it for him. Tt is for his own benefit as well as for the aid of all others. He surely does not want to wade through the | snow as he passes the houses of his neighbors, and he should not want his neighbors to wade through the snow | in front of his own premises. { A business man does not wait for the sun to melt away the snow from | the walk in front of his store. He sets | one of his assistants to work at once ! after a snowfall and has the space cleared, as a matter of good business. He knows that people will note the presence of snow on the walk as an evidence of indifference to their com- fort, and that this will react against | his trade. He is quick to manifest con- ! sideration for those who approach and | those who merely pass his place i The householder, having nothing to| sell, has nevertheless the same induce- | ment to clear his own walk. He does not want to lose prestige. to be marked by a snow-covered sidewalk as a, slacker. too lazy to do the work him- | self or too stingy to hire some one to do it for him. In a few rare cases| there are excuses for inattention to this matter, where there is no man in ! the house physicaliy capable of clear- | ing away the snow. or where there are no funds for the hire of a snow- cleaner. In such cases good neighbors will always tackle the job, if the facts are known. i Clean the walks at 1 i | | once without erence to the law: i ———— A Few Crumbs, Pleas This is the kind of weather wihen ! every fellow among the birds needs a friend. Many a bird went to bed last | night- without supper, found it impos sible to get breakfast or lunch and will have no dinner this evening | unless kindly persons invite him. his wife and sisters to a crust or spread of crumbs. The town birds. the spar vows and the juncos. are particularly hard hit by the snow: the suburban birds., sparvows. juncos, chickadecs. ' cardinals and others, feel the need of help, and even the country birds are | up against it when snow covers their | food supply. It is not the practice of | birds to line up before the regular' charitable institutions or to send out | calls for help. but they are sitting| hungry in the leafless hedges and the bare trees. and Washington always i i 1 —_——— ! The death of H. E. Pellew of this | city gives his son, C. E. Pellew, the| right to sit in England's parliament. | The prestige of parliament as a field | for American talents is constantly in-| creasing. ——————— The Berlin government finds that a cval strike, instead of proving an eco- i a political convenience. iappens with so many confer- the truly important items on of the Lausanne gather- | ing will be “met” and “adjourned. Congi¢ss Talks Traffic Dangers. ¥ the House of Representa- | tives pauscd in the consideration of | legisiative business to talk about traf- | itions in the District, spending nearly an hour in a vigorous denunci- | ation of the carelessness exhibited in | this city by motorists and the ex- cessively high percentage of accidents. Jlame was put upon the courts for ilure to administer penalties, upon the police for failure to make arrests, upon the motorists for failure to obey the rules. Some speakers urged more stringent laws, others declared that the laws are already drastic enough to effect a cure if they were fully en- forced. No conclusion was reuched, there being no specific proposal be- fore the House. The debate, however, disclosed a feeling that the capital is a dangerous city, and that something — Iingland’s innate sense of propriety regards a debt not merely as a techni- cal obligation, but as a gentleman's agrcement. i i | i ——— The retired Sultan of Turkey is no doubt perfectly satisfied to let Isme Pasha do the worrying. ———— Death for Russian Grafters. Russia is cleaning house. The so- viet has started a campeign to stamp out public official corruption. True to temperament, the soviet is not going to slap anybody on the wrist for tak- | ing bribes or exacting hush money or engaging in any other sort of graft. 1t 1s not merely going to fire offending bureaucrats. It ig shooting them. A dispatch from Moscow tells of the execution of five members of the vil- lage revolutionary tribunal at Igo- rieffsk, in the Ryzan district, for ac- cepting bribes. Three officials of the reflway administration at Moscow { way that will reduce the price of eggs, | butter | far west to lovk for a good example. ‘'THE _EVENING were ordered shot last week for cor- ruption. At Orenburg fourteen offi- cials, including the president of one village soviet, are on trial for arrest- ing peasants for the purpose of con- fiscating their stock, as well as accept- ing bribes. If convicted they will be executed. This is a drastic penalty. It is the more severe in view of the fact that for many years Russian officialdom has been addicted to the ‘‘squeeze habit. In the old days under the czar the courts and civil administrators had to be “seen.” Under the soviet admin. istration, naturally, the same proce- dure was continued. It has taken some time for the idea of & reform to be grasped at Moscow. Perhaps it has been too busy to attend to such a de- tail. At all events, now thats it has started, it is going at the job thor- oughly. The death penalty for grafting is an- other Russian idea that will not be aecepted broadly in other lands. It must be remembered that bolshevik Russia has set out with such a scale of punishments that mere flnes and imprisonments are hardly adequate for this offense in proportion. Death has been inflicted for a great variety of offenses much less serious than official corruption, and it 18 quite natural that in taking up this line of reform the soviet should apply the extreme pen- alty. 3 ! Only a Little One. Washington's first real snow of the season, falling February 6, comes later than usual, and is much lighter than seemed likely when the first flakes began to show. It is not a severe visitation. ‘It has not materially im- peded traffic. The street cars were only slightly delayed. during the first hours of the fall. Motor traffic has continued with no hindrance. A little over a year ago the capital was hit by a snowstorm that blocked it badly for some days, and incidental- ly precipitated an appalling disaster. As all experiences are relative, this present first visitation of the winter appears to of very small conse- quence, and may be treated as merely 4 bit of a reminder that the seasons have not altogether changed in this latitude. With perhaps less than four weeks remaining of possible severe weather, the coming and quick ending of the present snowfall is rather an encour- agement than a cause of distress. Day by day the spring approaches, and Washington elways welcomes that season eagerly. The winter delays simply heighten the capital's appreci- ation of that delectable time when it arrives. —_————————— Employes of the bureau of engrav- ing and printing who were dismissed last year call attention to the fact that there are some wounds which time does not heal. ——————— Farm credits can hardly go far enough to facilitate agriculture in a be and produce to the city con- sumer. ————————————— Utah has established reciprocity Maryland should not have to go sol | T e g i Jelgium is patiently hopeful for a | time when she can attend to her own | | business instead of finding her energies | cqiyors absorbed by neighborhood quarrels. —————— The Thanksgiving joke i has long | since gone its way. but in diplomatie | have proven t circles the reference to Turkey as a | tough old bird still stands. i ————————— ! When France displays a mai ed fist Germany considers the psychology of the moment and reaches for the velvet | glove. ! ——— I ice does not insist on a trial of | the former kaiser. practical reparation | being more in request than poetic jus- | tic i ———————————— i Perplexities of fuel problems are in-} creased by the tendency of coal fields | to get mixed up with hattie fields. | The flu germ has been discovered. | The next responsibility of science is ! 1o make him behave. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON { Viewpoints. When | am in a taxical. i The driver’s arm I almost grabh Tn fear that 1 will face distress Through some pedestrian’s careless- ness. Oh. how 1 hate his lofty leer And calm disdain as we draw near. He seems to welcome serious harm In hope of causing me alarm. i And when the taxi I have left { Again T am of bliss bereft. { As motors throng from far and near | And almost stand me on my ear. { Of each the purpose seems to be ; To strew the thoroughfare with me. | In little things, as in immense, The viewpoint makes the difference. ‘Terrestrial Movements. i “Your antagonist resorts to scan-| dalous insinuations.” “It's’ a mistake,” replied Senator Sorghum. “Mere mudslinging can never be made to do the work of a landslide.” Jud Tunkins says a man who lec- tures in a nice warm room on how to keep the streets clean somehow gets more applause than the fellow who_is hut on duty with a snow shovel, Future Happiness. Hortense was told about the speed Of stars that rush through distant space. Said she, “If I am good. indeed, My fliv and I may hit thelr pace. The Too Social Microbe. “They have succeeded in Isdlating | the grip germ."” “Yes," answered Farmer Corntossel. “They can isolate him once in awhile, but there ain’t no way to make him keep to himself.” “De man dat allus bas his own way,” said Uncle Eben, “is liable to git lonesome an’ wish fur an argument.” STAR. jas chiefl { gestions. lica WASHINGTO Washington D. C., WEDNE —_—t Observations BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. For the practical purposes of the breakfast-eating American public a far more momentous discovery ha been made than the unearthing of King Tutankhamen’s long-lost sep- ulcher. The Department of Agriculture has invented & squirtiess grapefruit. It has been evolved from a crossing of the tangerine with the grapefruit. The resultant hybrid is known as a tangelo. It can be eaten without the aid of either an umbrella, & mackin- tosh, goloshes or goggles, being utter- 1y devold of the geyser-like qualities that muke grapefruit the natural ally of the dry-cleaning industry. One of the squirtless hybrids is named the Thornton. It has flesh of such soft and melting character that it can be eaten with a spoon and without the, slightest danger of & splush. The flesh, in ‘fuct, is of Selly-like consistency. Like the tangerine parent, the rind can easily be removed and the seg- ments eaten out of hand, though the fruit s rather too large and julcy for handling in that fashion. Its mild flavor appeals to many who find the grapefrult rather acid, though the tangelo is not without & sprightliness of its own. The tangelo, as yet, is known only to the elect. * ok ok ok Richard Washburn Child, our am- bassador to Italy, who quits Lausanne with not a few laurels as peacemaker in the near east, is one of the trio of Marion front-porch counselors given high place by President Harding. The others are George Harvey, ambas- sador to Great Britain, and George Sutherland, associate justice of the Supreme Court. Child and Sutherland occupied the same house at Marion during the summer of 1920. They were fellow boarders, too, at Mrs. Harding's hospitable table. 'Child has defined his function on the front porch “to make and phrase sug- He says the hardest fight ¢ had was standing out against the pressure brought to induce Mr. Hard- ing “to go on the road.” The Presi- dent-to-be used to call Child Simon Legree, because of his young coun- selor’s long working hours and his in- sistence upon the candidate's getting through the day early enough to take exercise and keep fit * ok ‘There is no keener golfer in Washing- ton than Justice McKenna of the United States Supreme Court, who will be eighty years old in August. His form, he concedes, is finer than his scores. The veteran jurist is a real golf fan. No news of the sport escapes him. He has read all of its classic literature and devours the golf “'dope” on the sporting pages of tie newspapers with the a: ity of a schoolboy in quest of his favor- ite journalistic literature. Somebody is aid to mustered up courage nough vy Chase to ask Justi McKe he didn’t play golf. “I'began oo young,” he réplied. * % % o* A beliboy romped through the lounge of the Army and Navy Club one day better | his week paging *“John Quincy Ad- ims.” The bearer of that honored name turned out to be a major of marines from Quantico. Robert Emmet, lineal descendant of the great Irish patriot, is a lleutenant gommander in the Navy, on duty in Washington. K kK K German scientists have invented a tickless clock. It was brought to the attention of Representative Fred A. Britten of Illlnols when the Chicago congressman was in Europe last year, and he is said to be extensively inter- ested in a German-American corpora- tlon founded for the invention's ex- ploitation. A scientist numed Herman Schieferstein made the discovery while delving in the fleld of osclllation—a realm In which American cougressmen were interested long before Britten's time. The tickless clock, which oper- ates without u lever, was one of & num- ber of specimens exhibited by Schicfer- stein to show the technical importance of oscillating power for high-speed power engines and in the propulsion of ships, airplanes and gliders. * X k¥ Stephen Girard, the Franco-American philanthropist who endowed they great college at Philadelphfa which bears his name, had a prophetic vision of the fogs that theological controversies like the Manning-Grant feud create in the hu- man mind. Girard's will lald down a provision, ruthlessly emforced to this day, that *no ecclesiastic, missionary or minister of any sect whatsover shall | ever hold or exercise any station or | duty whatever in the said college; nor shall uny such person ever be admitted for any purpose, or as a visitor, within the premises appropriated to the pur- pose of said college.” Girard meant “to cast no reflection upon any sect or per- Son whatsover multitude of see and =uch a diversit of opinion among them, | desire to keep | the . tender minds of the orphans who are to derive advantage from this be- quest free from the excitement which clashing doetrines and sectarfan con- troversy are so apt to produce. * X ¥ ¥ Cyrena Van Gordon, prima donna of the Chicago Civie Opera Company, which is playing a triumphant en- gagement in Washington, is not only an American, but, what is stranger still in the annals of operatic music, {is an American-trained singer. She calls hersel “Ohlo all through which, interpreted, means that she is a native of Hamilton, Ohio, and is a graduate of the Cincinnati College of Music. Miss Van Gordon claims | another distinetion not common on | the stage—she has been married for to the same man. and still | is. a practicing physician | young Buckeye prima donna s« | the theory that America is lacl | mus cal ackground” and tions” sufficient to generate of the first qualit Her own career { i tangible evidence to the contrary She has never studied abroad or had anything but American training (Coprright, 1923.) EDITORIAL DIGEST Speedy Action by Congress for British Debt Settlement Urged. The administration has the back- ing of most of the newspapers of the country in urging legislation by Con- gress which wil} allow putting into immediate effect the agreement with the District of Columbia in the | reached between London and Wash- | | matter of motor tags. The state of }ington for the funding of the British debt. 1t seems agreed that the set- tlement is the best possible under the | cireumstances and that, when it effective. a long step forward on the road to interna ization will have been taken suggest liberal terms mi have been granted, but al seen to feel that In setting aside talk of debt cancellation what would death knell to any future international borrowing ha been prevented As a purely financial transaction.” the Newark News believes, “the offer accepted is not satisfactory to one. Britain has accepted it best she could get, and the Ame: Debt-funding Conimission offer the most liberal they thought they could persuade Congress to appre This compromisc rides Britain, with its great unemplovment and high tax rates, pretty hard. There are strong moral and political arguments for granting easier terms. and it may be found that it would have been wiser. in the long run. to have offered them.” In indorsing the desire thui ‘ongress act with expedition, the Chicago Post further suggests that it will be a_ comfortable thing to know that at least one of the brood of frictional problems begotien of th war has been disposed of amicably.” It also is certain, as the New York Tribune sees the transaction. that “if Great Britain pays us she will expect France to pay her. and France. in turn, will 100k to Germany to pay. Germany will be left, as before, the burden which she has been moving heiven and earth to throw off. The condemned criminal will not escape judgment. The Amer- that fought and contributed her cings to subdue the outlaw of TBurope will not humbly assume the Guty of discharging the outlaw's war debts. “While the American offer “was by no means illiberal,” and “should nave been accepted,” the Rochester Times-Union feels that “it is well to remember what an enormous bur- den the British government now as- Sumes. Brit sh taxpayers must be taxed $150,000.000 a year to Carry out the new agreement. and this taxation will last for two full gen- erations of men. No one step. unless it be the arms agreement of last year, can mean more for the frien iy relations of the two great kngz- ECHOES FROM THE ALTERNATIVES. One of two things is absolutely certain: This world is goizx to chaos and anarchy and the wnite race is Soing to lose its rule over it a colored races in _the wor o i religion Mohammedan or Buddhist or Hindu, are going to Aitain sovercignty and predominance 2 either that is going to' happen or the white race all over this world Wwill have to unite in a determined, co-operative effort to secure the peace of tne world among the white Faces.—Senator Williams, Mississippi. democrat. EUROPE ALWAYS AN ARMED CAWP. Kurope has been an armed cam and has been quarreling ever sinc the dawn of history and for thousands of vears before it.—Senator Brandegee, Connecticut, republican, WHEN THE BUDGET BUREAU MET ITS MASTER. I find upon investigation that the budget bureau recommended some $27,000,000 (for rivers and. harbors). The House committee on appropri- Some more ations increased it to about $37,000.- | 000, and then by amendment in the House it was raised to $56.000,000. So the budget system has met its master already In the river and har- bor bill. If this is to be a precedent, the budget system fails utterly.—Sen- ator Borah, Idaho, republican. DEFINITION OF A LEGALIST. ' He is & man who can find no hope for the future and no happiness in the present, except when based on a precedent in the past.—Senator Wil-l liams, Mississippl, democrat. ional economic stabil- | And on these speaking nations d no sinall meas- it lr fendly relations, in ure. the future d. 57 Accord- ing to the Springfield Union, “what | the plan means so far is that, of the | powers actively participating in_the war, the United States and Great Britain are the only solvent ones, { and t Britain has set the ex- mpte of fidelity to its foreign obli- gations, while the United States, entirely a_creditor country insists on such fidelity as the basis of reconstruction and future ¢co- nomic stability. Were that Lasis de- ted from. there would be no basis future cred The “the first sten taken toward sta- bilize fld values and conditions,” the Albany Evening News feels, al- ch “our terms o none too eas: With the acceptance by the Hritish cabinet. any quibbling or fiddling in Congress during the process of rati- fication would be entirely out of or- der. At least two of t world's nations must travel along together. | making a bit of allowance here and there” This view likewise has the approval of the Philadelphia Record, ch points out that “the cordial operation of America and Eng- nd may not b universal guar untee of perpettal peace, but it | more favorable to that tha {bination of Germans, Ru Turk rather more 1o peas 1 an alliance or four nations headed by | Amicable tions between sh-speaking nat the millennium a condition favorable for tional justice and | vorable fer business. for | the two richest countries, with the most far-reaching commercial inter- ste and the largest reservoirs ot capital for the irrvigation of the | mest destitute portions of the | earth.” | Tn ending { cancellation. | nueh, as the | cause “if the lit would A is the two s does but § interna- It is fa- they are not assure for all time the agreement means Boston Post sees it, be- debt Lad been cancelled have sounded the death | knell to all big international bor- rowing of the future. With such a precedent established no nation would again lend to anothe thermore. if solvent and financ powerful Britain failed to pay just debts, surely every other Ju- tepenn zovernment, including Ger- many, would have a hetter excuse | for pleading inability to pay either debt or reparations. The war lo cun eventually be offset by indus- try and (hrift. but to have attempt- ed to avoid them by breaking in- ternational obligations would hav held back the recoverv indefinitely.’ The settlement “removes the chief | obstacle.” the Boston Transeript SUggeSLE, “from the broad highway that leads through better Setween London and Washington to lose co-operation between all the apitals of the civilized world.” CAPITOL HILL CONDITIONS IN | NORTHWEST. | What are the present conditions out | in the northwest? That territory politically has ceased to be republi- cin or democratic. When a man runs for office ngw in the great northwest he runs &ither as a radical or as a conservative—Representative Bianton, Texas, demoerad. GOOD ADVICE TO DOG OWNERS. z { Do not keep a dog in a hot room all day anfl put him out in the cold at i night.—Representative Hawes, Missourd, + democrat, ITHE oRGANIZTD RESERVES. To all intents and purposes there are no enlisted men in the organized reserves—I think there are less than 300—but there are 69,000 officers.— ! Senator Wadsworth, New York, repub- | lican: THE WRECKING OF AUSTRIA. . I was in Austria last summer. | There was no such complete wreck- ing of a people in the history of modern times as in Austria. All its agricultural sources would only feed its people for two months—Senator Caraway, Arkansas, demoorat. THE WORLD'S DEBT TO ENGLAND. If England had not signed and rati- fied the treaty of Versailles, the world would have been in war three years ago. Whatever of sanity yet has been preserved in Europe the British government has preserved it. —Senator Caraway, Arkansas, demo- talk of HE but as there is such a | agreement | this refunding | relations | SDAY, FEBRUARY .7, 1923, Politics at Large BY N. 0. MESSENGER. In the interregnum between Con- Brosses which is expected to occur from March 4 until the first Mon- day in next December, the con- stitutional asembling day of & new Congress, what kind of political pol- icles will be evolved by the master minds of the two great parties and those who may be cherishing dreams of a possible third party? It is a pertinent question, as there are only four weeks Intervening until the hour when the gavel of the presiding offi- cers in House und Senate will 1ap the death knell of the Sixty-seventh Con- gress, which will then go down into history with its achievements and disappointments, and the recess will be_on. Some one may interpose with the suggestion that the country makes political policies and not senators and representatives, w point subject to limitations. At the present time the great political leaders and manipula- tors are in Congress, and others who have influence upon state and local politics are due to figure in the next Congress. This is especially true with regard to the south, and indeed may be said to be applicable to New England, the middle west and the far west. Their positions in the national legislature constitutes them leaders of political thought in their own sec- tions. They are going to have the inter- vening months in which not ouly to sound the political sentiment in their commonwealths and communities, but in large measure to initiate and in- vestigate it. * ¥ ¥ ¥ In the south it cannot be denied that such men as Senator Underwood of Alabama, Senator Harrison of Mis- sissippi, Senator Simmons of North Caroling, Senator Fletcher of Florida, Senator Harris of Georgia, Repre: ssentative Garrett of Tennessee, Sen- ator Sheppard of Texas, Senator Rob- fnson of Arkansas and other repre- sentatives from the same States have great influence in mobding public opinion on political policies. What are they going to advise their people to stand for and stand by, or are they going back to put their e to the ground and be guided by whit they hear? Consider California, where Senator Hiram Johnson is little less than a political idol, a man of force and virility. What will he tell his con- stituents?—and whatever advice he gives will be listened to in other states in the region. In Utah, what will Senator Smoot say to the re- publicans, and Senator King to the Semocrats? Coming eastward thers is a commanding figure in politics whose Influence Is felt among thé farmers of other states, Senator Cap< per of Kansas. In Nebraska and Towa are two powerful political 1 o enator-elect Howell and Senator Breookhart, who will be busy during the summer and fall months cxpound- fng their policies. In the northwest- | ern states th tors typifying { the radical mo busy senz 1t will be In Illinois. the Senators McCormick Senator two conservative MeKinley Michigan. 1 ator-elect Ferris; T Watson. who wi the regular and progre: republicans, and his_democratic league in the next Senate, )}h ! ston; in Ohic ator-elect Fess and ! Senator WiIlis: in Pennsylvanis, Sen- pper and Reed, hara Pinchot. the reformer; i chusetts, Senator Lodge. just came out unharmed from the shadow he valley of defeat. | politics of the nation, and the next leaders | Meain the the in rep- in Couzens an and makers of political sentiment fooking forward to the coming presi dential and congressional contest which all authorities agree is to he epochal. What will the harvest political haymaking? ® % x he of their i democratic pe New York state scems to lone hand. aloof from of congressional leaders In point of fact, local ew York leaders appear to be bent on setting an example for national leaders to emulate. Gov. mith might justly he a corded the credit of expounding policies for the good of the party. as he views it, without being charged with { personal motives in pushing his own mbitions. For. when 1d political judgment. it swledged that his pros- receiving the demoeratic or Pres of the | sSo far as i i meerned playing a sipatio f eminence. part a i demoecratic Alfred i | political {comes to e must be a Ppect of i nomination lent ynsiderations. Aside from the ques- tion of whether that condition is just | or not. the fact remains that it e 3 But there is no hobble on his s in behalf of policies which he his party in New York deem not only wise for the state and count but advantageous to the | prestige and glory of the democratic arty at large. For the republicans of New York. ! Senator Wadsworth I8 to be regarded i their representative in the councils of {the na al party as well as their {leader in the state. He will set the pace during the summer for the re- ! bublicans in the next great national campaign, and when tl wvenes in Dec wiil also be able to bring b Washington for information party co- workers the. view nk and file of the party in * vivania, has tivit and mber ck to of h of the the Gov. Pinchot, i pu upon an { bitious pro of reform in state {ministration and legislation, with a | squint toward national wenerally admitted that rked upon an uphill task. Some politicians think he has undertaken a program which is too ambitious for successful completion in a few months. At this time the old line and machine republicans arc ving along with him—rather relu {tantly in their hearts, it is feared { though openly acquiescently But the old-line men are air is reported, beginning to it will be u company with In Pen blican. 2 am- set out v recognized afrai It he has em dy. so it and to wonder how lon. til they have to part } mim. P * Another chapter was added to the current discussion of President Hard ing’s attitude toward a renomination when Senator Wautson of Indiana ‘lllildl‘ what was regarded as very significant statement in the Senate last Monday, The subject was brought up by Senator Harrison's reference to an article in The Star of the day be- fore, the headline of wh that “President Harding's fr ject the idea that he can out of the renomination Marrison had asserted that papers were intimating that { Watson and former might be candidate tial nomination. “I have no doubt in my m Senator_Watson. “that the of the United States will be date for renomination, nor have 1 th he will be renominated by the co) vention when it meets.” He explained that the President ought to be renom- inated “because the republican party must stand on the record we have made, the record of his administra- tion, ‘and it is not possible to stand on the record of the administration and vet Tepudiate the head of the ad- ministration.” Politicians analyzing these remarks pointed out that Senator Watson was elucidating the logic of conditions which will compel the President to accept renomination. There is no doubt in the minds of Indiana republicans that when the “open season” for presidential nom- inations _arrives four years hence Senator Watson will be an aspirant, as will Mr. Beveridge, but no one ex- ects either to hoist his lightning rod or the approaching campaign. It is expected there will be a goodly com- pany of other aspirants in 1928 . said resident & | Ral- | | few months are to afford them great opportunities for political leadership | it | United States is qualificd by religious ; Congress | mpire state. | grumbie ! CAPITAL KEYNOTES BY PAUL V. COLLINS. The human mind is incapable of comprehending many of the discov- eries of science without comparing the unknown with the known. An atom is a very small unit; it was once supposed to be the most minute unit in nature; today scfence tells us that each atom is really a universe, in which planets are encircling a central “su as distant therefrom, com- pared to size, as Is our earth’s dis- tance from its sun. Now you under- stand how smal] is the electron as it travels around its orbit In an atom. It 0, your scientific mind will be ready to comprehend how big is the loss sustained by the government in running the railroads under the management of Secretary McAdoo during the world war. Accountants {tell us that the net loss was $1.800.- {000,000, but these figures do not mean much to laymen. It was approxi- mately hundred millions loss a month—counting elghteen months as the period of the management—or about $3,000.000 a day. How easy it is to be'a great railroad magnate if one need not count the $1.000,000 lost before lunch and the $2,000,000 after lunch! * X ox ¥ Another way to get the clear com- prehension is to assume that the management had enough silver dol- lars to throw one into the ocean every minute, and keep that up day {and night, until the entire $1.800,000,- 000 had been cast into the sea. And {suppose the measure of time could be taken backward through history far back would the sun carry us? By the time we had cast away la little over half the amount we would hear the angels sing their Christmas greeting to the shepherds, but w would keep on going back. back, the rise of Rome would pass lus like a way station, Alexander fwould conquer the world and die, and still we would throw a doliar a min- ute of the $1,800,000,000 into the sea. We would 11 at the job when i B was reigning in . and even when he ce would have had between 00 coins left to throw away— & dollar a minute For $1,500,000,000, at $1_a min- ute, means 3.424 years and twenty four days. Yet in the face of such a loss, in less than two years, we hear folks still wishing the government would confiscate the raliroads of America and turn them over to the | management of the trainmen and. shopmen, and the United States Treasury would guarantee to make good whatever was lost by inexperi- enced t. and by the graft- ing theorists. We he Congress, but st mo stump and among. social how in the * Now come “back to earth.” and con- {sider the little germ of the Spanish has just been dis- scientists of the It is so small magnified 1.000 times i, yet ss than destroy; 000,000 lives—more than three times ¥ as were killed in the four sattles of the greatest war in y. The discovery of what thi ibacillus looks like, its hablts and »wer is the starting point to a fur- her search for its enemy. ivery acillus has its own enemies. Whe ien discovers how to marshall an army to march against this foe, so 11 and so deadly, science will have ymplished a grander victory than Wilhelm ever dreamed of 1 through his visionary con- {influenza. which jcovered by the | Re efeller Institute. ’.lmv until it eye ino see it 2 year an The vietory man who made this scientific possible is not a scientist. the experts were entering into alm of wonder, hg was playing {golf under a Florida sun. It was only because John L. Rockefeller had gathered together his great fortune { that has been able to con- ntrate energies and make its eat advances. he Rockefeller Institute of Scien- tific Research ma ve more human lives during this century than all the | scientific devices of destruction will annihilate, whether with explosives with airplanes guided by wireless electricity, or with poison gas. The world of science is fighting so i { science « its D gigantic a warfare for the human stake of civilization that we can no more appreciate what is going on ia that war's battles than we can con prehend the “astronomy” of the electrons upon their orbs in the universes called “atoms.” Will gei eral science command the ari against the forces of the flu, or will the flu make another deadly drive which will reap even a greater harvest of death than the 25,000,000 of 1918-19197 * k ¥ X Senator Heflin feels aggrieved he- rcause the newspapers reported that he had been “rebuked” for alleged unparliamentary language in debate in the Benate, and yet when he under took to make a personal statement on the floor of the Senate, next dax (even while complaining of the press he referred to the incident as a “re- buke,” though claiming it was unjus: He now threatens to invoke the power of the Senate to bar from the press gallery certain correspondents and reporters, on the ground of Amer icanized lese majeste. Is he any fairer in that proposed action than were the offending reporters who merely used practically the same words he had used in referring to the act of the Senate in expunging his remarks from the record? * ¥ ¥ x Great is the respect which the pub- lic holds for the upper house of Con- g&ress, but not so great is the awe of the seasoned press writer that he fears to use the words which tell what happens therein. There is none in the Senate whose eloquence more delightful than the junior s ator from Alabama. He charges with terrorizing force upon the money powers, which he tells us are rupting the Union and debauching the i people. He thunders like unruly reserve bank and its laie president. But, after all. he provide too much of the thrill of life for tt {press gallery to want to_annoy hin and disturb his poise. Who has eloquently pictured the dauntless me of the A E. F. in their battles? Wh can rattie the saber and the rafte of the Senate roof as can the Ala baman? What reporter so rash as | «lander him, knowing that the ve geanc of the gods is not more Searching? Empty the press gallery? Yes, {cast of his eye—either eve wh { might have the moment's cast—wou lempty the gallery, even with a ma jority of the Senate on the other side of the aisle voting against such ac tion. And there would be a per petual executive session of that au gust body. with no press gallery. Ar then, of course, the reporters would have time to get the real interesting news, as they alw do of other executive sessior But_then, alas what would be the use of Heflin oru tory, when there would be no pres | gallery? 1 * % * When the flood suddeniy Dayton, Ohio, in 1913, and the water rose to twenty feet depth in the m: part of the city Within a few hours nothing could be done to turn tk Tove at t swept ove flood aside. But after the water ha | subsided, engineers planned great | reservoirs upstate which would cover L time i thousands of acres, where high water, the excess could be held {in check. The time to prevent flood iis before they com A valuable lesson from that experience wh { to other conditions. Unemy |a formidable probiem. if | men are without wag met then without charity. But steps may be taken by which the natior may impound energy, just as water impounded in great but useful rese voirs from which benefits may he | gathered later. A measure look jsuch a step is now pend branches of Congress—i Senator Freylinghu | sentative Zihlman. plan National | League. whos: | vestigate proje ment works, which may | federal and 'state funds during { of great business depressic for the { special purpose of giving work to the unemploye The enterprise would put_i charge of a commission to be ap ed by the President. and to serve without pay. This ould call for hgih-grade. publi pirited men. Tt is a project very far ahead of any plarn | to pension unemployed, for it would | save the self-respect of the benefic avies und give them a chance 1o we and at the same time the work wou e carefully planned to the interest of ihe nation. may be learned hich will app! Borah Risked Life in Wild Ride To Discredit Alibi of Prisoner { Sowe “fuvorite sons” have gone far ! states and in the nation, and have not gone so far. But of favorite sons in recent vears the posi n held by m the others all the liam E. Borah Iduho has been the most unusual. For sixteen years * has been senator from Idaho, and in the Senate “Borah” and “Idaho” have grown to be al- most synonymous terms. Yet Sena- tor Borah was not a native of Idaho, and had it not been for a for- circumstance when he was man he might now be the senater from one of the Pacific coast states. For he was on the way to the eoast from Kansas, where he had studied law and later been ad- mitted to the bar, when in Boise, Ida., he had to halt for lack of money. He hunz out a shingle, not long after- wards, and stuck to the law as well as 1o 1daho. And Idaho has stuck to him ever since. About @ quarter of a century ago there was trouble in the mining dis- tr of 1daho—and other western ciates, too. The Western Federation of Miners, it was charged, was at the bottom of the trouble. Non-union »s were bombed. murders were committed. Active in the fight for law and order which followed on the heels of these outrages was Senator Borah, who had become a successful attorney. Much of the trouble, so far as 1daho was concerned, was located in the Coeur d'Alene district, and there in 1899 & mine, non-union, was blown up one fine day by a band of masked men who traveled down from Kellogg to Burke on a train, and after the bombing had been done, traveled back. Senator Borah was one one of the prosecuting attorneys when men charged with this crime were brought to trial. One of them was Paul Cor- coran. The evidence against Corcoran largely centered about his identifica- tion. He had been seen, the state de- clared, sitting on top of a box car with a rifle Iying across his knees, his legs swinging over the side of the car, as the train-swung on its way from Kellogg to Burke. a SENATOR BORAH. tuitous a young Senator Wil- | ot | | The defense contended that it was | impossible for any man to make this ride on top of a box car and live especially @ man who was not a trained railroad man. The tracks ran up a narrow gorge, with many twists {and turns and. it contended man who sat swinging his legs over the top of a box car on such a trip would inevitably have been throw off or crushed. Experienced railroad men. who had traveled on the very | train, were called to prove that Cor coran could mot have made the trip and that. therefore, his contentini he was not with the expedition that did the bombing was right. Tt looked blue for the prosceutior Mr. Borah announced to his friend he was going to make the trip him self from Kellogg to Burke, ridinz on top of & box car, to prove that could be done. They urged him to do no such thing. In the first place they said he might be killed by the train or he might be shot down I concealed enemies as the train sped along. Then what would become the government's cases, they manded. Mr. Borah, however. got the orders put through' for a train exactly sim lar to that which had carried the armed band on the bomhing exeped tion, even with the same train crev Then he seated himself on top of hox car in the identical place w Corcoran was reported to have ! seen on the day of tho bombinz Though never a gunman. Mr. Borih that day earried a riLe Iving his knees just as Corcoran | Well, he made the trip. rough ing and all, at the same rate of spec the train had traveled on the othcr day. And when he got into Burl his friends were waiting for him. 1l Jumped _down off the box car, and | was all up with the defense. The jury would pay no more attention o ihe plea that Corcoran was not on the job that wrecked the mine, and was convieted with seven or others, The troubles in the mining distric in Idaho have long since been over due to the stringent measures adopted to put down the reign of terror at- tempted by the foes of mnon-union labor. It waé in 1905, however, that the murder of former Gov. Frank Steunenberg. who had been active in prosecuting the bombers, occurred. He was killed by a bomb placed by Harry Orchard. Again it:was Mr. Borah who was active in the conduct of the case against Orchard, and later in the case against Bill Haywood and other officials of the Western Federation of Miners, whom Orchard, in a confes- eion, had implicated, the same Bill Haywood. who is now reported to be in Russia, having jumped his bond when in danger of being jailed be- use of his activities against the government during the world war. Mr. Borah's closing argument in the Haywood case was a masterplecs of was 4 d