Evening Star Newspaper, July 5, 1922, Page 20

BY A, HYATT. VERRILL, izpert on Ridio Technology. Perhaps you think that it is won- derful to sit at your instruments; listening in on entertainments from.i the broadcasting stations. Probably You marvel at the power of the vacu- um tube to amplify or Increase sounds | thousands of times. No doubt you/ think that modern radio telephony is next door to magic, that nothing more incredible is possible. ) There . are many things, however, far more remarkable. than ordinary radio. What would vou think if you were to see an ordinary looking crystal of Rochelle salts’ begin to g? Would you not think you had aken leave of your senses if you were to see such a crystal dance and leap about upon a table as if endowed with 1if ? Could you believe your own eyes if you saw a voltmeter attached 1o such a crystal and then, merely by twisting the crystal, you saw the needle of the instrument register 500 volts of electricity without a bat- tery, a dynamo or a generator of electricity in sight? Yet all these ara fa things done regularly, and they are by no means the most magi- cal things possible with these mar- velous crystals. Rochelle salts “srown” or produced under certain nditions and in cer- tain forms possess unbelievable prop- erties. During the late war their magical powers were put to good use in connection with submarine wire- less instruments for the purpose of detecting submarines or other craft and by their use it was possible to hear the whir of a ship's screws un- der water for a distance of several miles. Also, by their use, instru- ments have been devised for sound- ing the greatest depths of the ocean with ease, merely by the sound of an object striking the bottom, detecting it ‘and then calculating the distance by the length of time it has taken to reach bottom Special Salts Required. Do mot _think, howev can get these results drug store sults. The magle re specially “grown.” A. M. N on of the Bell laboratories devotes most of his time to cultivating these crystals in great vats provided with special devices, causing the crystals to form in the right shape and man- ner. Once a properly grown crystal is obtained, we have the nearest thing to real magic that man has yet discovered. Beside it the vacuum tube pales into comparative insignifi- cance, for, after all, the tube is the handiwork of man—an instrument designed and made to perform the functions it does—whereas the crystal is ure handiwork merely guided and enco. aged by man, l Suppose we have a crystal or two, let us see what marvels they possess. | First, we will place one of them in a &pecial form of metal frame made"for the purpose and so arranged that by twisting the frame a stress may be brought upon the crystal. Then we EXPERT ADVICE No. 45—Radio Magic. RAD i will connect wires leading from the crystal to a voltmeter and when all Is ready we will twist the holder. Instently up flies the needle on the instfument until it points at 800 volts and we realize that, incredible as it may seem, we have produced that enormous voltage merely by straining the crystal slightly. But this is only a beginning. Atiach a crystal in its holder to a phonograph needle, remove the sound box from the machine and fasten the crystal to the phonograph arm. Then con- nect the crystal to an ordinary radio amplifier and lead wires from this to a second crystal, placing the lat- ter on a table or even in your pocket. Then start the phonograph, and what happens? The second crystal bursts into song or music? The crystal ac- tually sings, and if placed upon a table it will hop and dancé and leap about as if endowed with life, 8o in- tense is its vibration. Increases Noises Many Fold. But the wonders of the crystal are not exhausted yet. Remove the crys- tal connected to the amplifier from the phonograph and place it upon a sheet of paper lald over a padding of rubber or felt. All is silent until a buzzing fly alights upon the paper. and instantly a noise like the thunder of horses' hoof-beats issues from the second crystal. We cannot reallze that these crashing trampings are the footfalls of a fiy. Drop a pin or a pen nib upon the paper, and we jump and exclaim with fright as a clap of thunder roars from the crystal. Place a watch near the crystal, and w seem to hear the blows. of a migh trip-hammer forging a great steel casting. Then, as a last test, take a pencil and write your name upon the paper, and our ears are greeted with the rattle and roar and din of the strokes, unding for all the world like an elevated train rushing overhead. . Here indeed is maglc. Here is an amplifier that magnifies sounds not thousands bat millions of times, and while it is not strictly radio it is so closely associated with {f and can be used to such advantage in connection with it that we may well call it radio magic. It is one of the wonderful discov- eries brought about by the war, just as wired wireless, modern radio tele- phony, tree aerials, submarine detec- tors and scores of other inventions. Countless experiments have been carried on with these magic crystals, and are still being carried on. In many ways they have proved of in- calculable value, and in the future they will doubtless become of vast importance in radio. As yet they are scarcely known except to scientists and government experts. Those who have experi- mented with them declare they are the most wonderful, the most incredi- ble and the most magical of all things connected with that greatest of modern wonders—radio. (Copyright, 1923.) BY RADIO TODAY Complete Programs of Radio Broadcasting Stations. NAA—\aval Radio Station, Radio, Va. §:45 to 9 a.m.—Live stock receipts; live stock markets. 10 a.m.—Weather forecast for New England, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey. Maryland, the District of Columbia, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississip- pi, Tennessee, Kentucky. West Vir- ginfa and Ohio on 2,950 meters. 10 0 a.m.—Meteorological report on meters. 11:15 to 11:20 a.m.—Hog flash—Chi- cago and St. Louis. 11:20 to 11:40 a.m. 5, Fruit and vege- tab) ipments Noon—Time signal; weather re- port and ship orders on 2,650 meters. 1:40 to 2:25 p.m.—Fruit and vegeta- bl market 25 to 2:55 p.m.—Crop reports and ial market news. 5 to 4 p.m.—Closing live stock markets. 4 to 4:15 pm.—Hay and feed mar- kets. & p.m.—Weather report. 530 to 6 p.m.—Daily marketgram. ; weather re- 50 meters. press news on sp 30 p. meters. Except where noted, sending is CW 5,950 meters. WY X—Post Officc Department. 10 a.m.—Weather report for the District of Columbia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia. 10:30 a.m.—Marketgram (frult and vegetables) on 1,100 meters. 12:30, 2:15 and 3:30 pm.—C. W. marketgram telegrams on 1,980 me- ters. p.m.—Wholesale dairy report on £0 meters by radiophone. 30 and 8 p.m.—Market report on 1,160 meters by radiophone. 9:50 p.m.—Weather report. WMU—Doubleday-Hill Electric Com- pany (360 Meters). 4:30 to 5:30 p.m.—Base ball scores and music. WPM—Thomas J. Williams, Inc. (360 Meters). 12:30 p.m.—News items; reports,on stolen automobiles WVP—United States Signal Corps, Bedloex Island, N. Y. (1,450 Meters —Eastern Daylight-Saving Time— Deduct One Hour). 8:50 p.m.—Instruction in radio. 9 p.m.—Concert. WGI—Amrad, Medford Hillside, Mass. (360 Meters — Eastern Dayligh —Deduct One Hour). 2 current events. 3:30 p.n - and talks as an- nounced by radiophone. p.m.—Base ball shes p.m conducted scores; late “The David npaniol ton police reports. onomy Through the by Miss D. H. Good- . Massachusetis division of mar- Kets, Department of Agriculture. 8:05 p.m.—Seng recital by Benja- min Feltch, baritone, of the Fleck Opera Club: Herbert Arvidson,. tenor, and Driscoll, prano. Assist- ed by ert Marks, James Geary and Frank Killoran. Helen M. Roche at the piano. . . tmore’s Jazz Orches- Joseph Crowley, saxophone; E. S. Wetmore, violin; -James Russo, banjo; Howard Cushing, piano; Rich- ard McNaught, drums. Family Circle,” by M. Cheney, for NOF—Naval Alr Station, Anacos- tia, D. C. 8:30 p.m.—Concert by an orchestra from the United States Marine Band; Taylor Branson, second leader: March, “On Wisconsin” (Purdy): overture, ‘Morning. Noon and Night” (Suppe); solo for trombone, “For All Eternity” (Mascheroni); musician, Robert E. Clark; idyl, “Traum der Sennerin {(Labitzk solo for violoncello, “Serenade” (Mueller); musician, F. A. Mueller; “Echoes From the Met- ropolitan Opera House” (Tobani); solo for violin, “Scherzo” (Van Goens); musician, Herman R. Hoffmann; noc turne. “Monastery Bells” (Lefebure); chimes obligato played by Musiciai Wilbur D. Kiefter; march, “World's Progress” (Herbert); rines' hymn, “Halls Banner. \ KDKA—Westinghouse, 'East Pitts- burgh (300 Meters—Eastern Stand ard Time). 9 to 9:15 a.m.—Muslc. 11:30 a.m. to noon—Music. 2 p.m.—Popular concert by the sity Entertainers. 3:30 p.m.—Base ball scores by in- nings. 6 p.m.—Theatrical ball scores. 6 p.m.—Weekly summary ol the Iron Age; “Careful Crossing Cam- paign.” F. H. Babeock, supervisor of | safety, P. & L. E. R R. 1 p.m.—"Safety First—In Vision,"” features Dr. A. Goldstein, O. D., Pitt Optical Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. 8 p.m.—Alice Burgess Seiring, con- traito; Adele Hennig, accompanist. Program: Contralto solos—"Danny Boy" (Weatherby), “Summer Wind" (Bishop), “Fulfillment” (McDermit). “My Ain Folk" (Lemon); tenor solos —"Berceuse” (Goddard), ‘“Hebrew Melody” (Bant ); violoncello— ciliana,” from ‘avaleria Rustican. (Mascagnl); “I'm Falling in Love With Somé One” from ‘“Naughty Marfetta” (Herbert). LYW—Westinghouse, Chlcago (360 Meters — Central Daylight - Saving Time — Same as Eastern Standard Time). 9:25 a.m.—Opening market quota- tions, Chicago Board of Trade. 10 a.m.—Market quotations at one- half hour intervals until 1 p.m. 1:20 p.m.—Closing market quota- tion: 2:15 pm—News and market report. 3 pm.— American and National League base ball team line-ups; prog- ress of games every half hour there- after until their close. 4:15 p.m.—News; market and stock reports. 6:30 p.m—News; final market and financlal reports; base ball reports. 7:15 p.m—Base ball reports; chil- dren’s bedtime story. 7 p.m.—Versatile program by Mark Love, baritone; Ellen McCurley, ac- companist; Florence Henline, accom- panist; Alma Birmingham, accom- panist; Esther Lundy Newcomb, so- prano, and Wally Meymar, violinis Program_arranged through courtesy Lyon & Healy artist and concert de- partment. Program: Baritone solos, Two Grenadiers,” Old Italian aikowsky B “All Through the Night." Nothin' But Love,” Bond. E “Hungarian Rhapsody, G Minor,” Brahma; “Capricclo,” Brahms; “Arabesque.” Debussy. Soprano 8olos, two arias from ‘“Manon Liscout, Puceini; “Divan of Haflz” Harling. Violin solos, “Largo,” Bach; “La Ci quantine,” Gabriel-Marie: “Gavotte Gosseo: “Walther's Preizlied,” Wag- ner-Wilhelmj. Flegier Welsh al WJIZ—Westinghouse, ewark, J. (360 Meters—Enstern Daylight-Sav- ing Time—Deduct One Hour). 9 am.—Agricultural reports and prices as released by New York, New Jersey and federal bureaus; program of music. 10 am Duo Art recital. Noon—Agricultural reports; weath- er forecast; program of music; Duo Art recital. 12:15 to 1 p.m.—Standard time sig- nals from Arlington. S 1 p.m.—Program of music. 2 p.m.—Program of music. 3 p.m.—Program of muslc. 4 p.m.—Base ball scores; ashion news: program of p.m.—Base ball of music. 6 p.m.—Weather forecast; agricul- tural reports; program of music. 6 p.m—“Review of the Iron and Steel Industries and Their Relation Program of music; women's musie. scores; program to General Business Conditions,” by the Iron Age. 7 p.m.—"“Animal Storles,” by Flor- ence Smith Vincent, New York Even- ing Telegram. 7:30 p.m—"“The Meat-Packing In- dustry From the Ranch to the Table. by Willlam A. Johns, manager Swift & Co., Jersey City, N.'J. 8 p.m.—Concert under the direc- tion of Charles D. Isaacson. 9:30 pm—Ida 1. Ammerman, hu- morous impersonator, Brooklyn, N. ¥. WBZ — Weatinghouse, Ma Springfiel (380 Meters—Eastern Day- THOUSANDS OF TESTIMONIALS porime, alne | can rove “the effictency o ‘the dental work rou get " elsewhers. ot TIME Ha PROVED " our "work 10 possess ‘the Jast- g _qualities, those wearing values that distingulsh the work of the THE NEW MAN NEXT DOOR 1S AWFUL RouGH!!— HE WANTED TO WHIP siX MOVERS TODAY BECAUSE THEY BROKE A SMALL JAR EFFECT OF A CHARGED PLATE, WITHIN A VACUUM TUBE Suppose that a plate or cylinder of metal is sealed within an electric lamp so that the plate is not very far from the filament, or, in the case of the cylinder, the cylinder surrounds the filament. The electrons emitted from the heated filament are minute particles of negative electricity and will be attracted to the plate or cyl- inder if the object is positively charged. If the object is negatively charged the electrons will be re- pelled Unlike electric charges attract and like charges repel each other. The electrons are really subjected to two attractions when the object is posi- tively charged. One attraction is back of the filament and the other toward the object. The object whether in plate or cylindrical fori is called the plate and will be so re- ferred to. There is. then, some point between the filament and plate where the electrons are equally attracted by both. This is really not a point, but a region, and each electron that is able to pass through this region because of its velooity will be then attracted onto the plate. If the plate is negatively charged there will be repulsion instead of attraction, and the electrons will not be able to pass through the region mentioned. An- other way of looking at the matter would be to consider the electron cloud surrounding the filament. The cloud has a negative charge, and, therefore, the space Is negatively charged. The effect of the charge In the space (or the space charge) is to repel electrons to the filament. If the posi- tive charge of the plate is great enough to overcome the space charge «ffect upon certain electrons, those elec- T e e el light-saving Time — Deduct One Hour). 7:30 p.m.—Base ball scores; bed- time stories for children. 7:45 p.m.—Lecture and market re- por & p.m—Program of ball scores. musie; base WGR—Federal Telephone and Tele- graph Company, Buffalo, N. Y. (Eastern Daylight-Saving Time— Deduct One Hour). Noon—Weather and market reports (485_meters). 5:30 p.m.—Weether and market re- ports (458 meters). 8 p.m.—Base ball scores; bedtime stories for children; digest of day's news (360 meters) 8:15 p.m.—Cancert by Federal Tele- phone and Telegraph Company (360 meters) RADIO_EXPLAINED INSTRUCTOR NEW YORK. Y.M.C.A. RADIO ScCHOOL expense, and capital investment. This Is the Age of Cement PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOCIATION 111 West Washington Street WELL, HE trons will be actually attracted over to the plate. But if the plate is nega- tively charged the effect of the space charge is increased, and electrons are ;epel]ed to the filament with greater orce. In what amounts electrons wlill actually pass through thq space be- tween filament and plate depends upon the relative effect of the posi- tive plate charge and the negative space charge. If the charge on the plate is increased its attractive abil- ity is increased, and more elec- trons can bridge the gap. Now the positive charge is placed upon the plate by connecting it to the positive terminal of a battery, the negative battery terminal being connected to one end of the filament. There is. then, an external connection through the battery hetween the plate and the filament. If the battery voltage is BETTER BE CAREPUL IN THIS NEIGHBORHOOD!! SOME ONE WiLL. TAKE HIM DowN A PEG— HE BETTER NEVER OPEN Mis MOUTH high enough the plate will be at & higher potential than any part of the filament. 1t was stated in a previous srticle that a flow or drift of elec- trons from one place to another con- stituted an electric current. 1f the plate is positively charged and at- tracts electrons to ftself from the fllament there will be a current of electricity in the space between the two, and the path or circuit for the current Is completed by the battery and connecting wires. But if the plate is negatively charged It repels elec- trons, and there is no current, since no electro: bridge the space be- tween filament and plate. —_——— HOUSE CLERK SPEAKS. William Tyler Page, clerk of the House of Representatives, was the prin- | cipal speaker at patriotic exercises held yesterday on the athletic fleld of East Md., under the auspices of the Boys' Club of that community. Mr. Iso recited “The American's " of which he is the author. Clvic birthday certificates were given to many young men and women who had reached their twenty-first birthday since last Independence day. The certificates, which were signed by Gov. Ritchie of Maryland, stated that the recipients were now citizens of the United States and were qualified to vote In Mary- land. Beneath the governor's signature was printed “The American’s Creed.” (f New Apparatus and Devices By Ralph Brown, Radio Engineer. A STORAGE PLATE BATTERY. The storage battery illustrated is! for use in connectlon with receiving sets and can be used to furnish the plate voltages required for operation of the vacuum tubes. The voltage of one battery is twenty-four volts, and higher voltages can be secured by connecting batteries In serles, as is done with the block “B” batterles. Being a storage battery, it may be charged from a direct current line after it 18 run down or may be charged from an alternating current line if a chemical or other sultable rectifier Is used. Each cell of the battery Is set in a compartment of a heavy oak case, which has been coated with acld- proof paint. The cell jars are of glass and are leakproof. Glass allows asy inspection of the level of the electrolyte, or battery solution. The plates are of lead and the solution is sulphuric acid and water, the cus tomary lead-acid cell. However. the insulation between the plates differs from other cells. It is of threaded rubber. so that the solution can pass from one side of the plate to the other through the threads. The rub- ber is not affected as greatly by the acid solution as wood separators uld be. The individual cell termi- posts are brought up through rub: What Is Cement? ‘What is this finer-than-flour building material called cement, that you can mix with water, sand, and stone or pebbles, and cast into all sorts of shapes that be- come as hard and enduring as solid rock? 22 Portland cement consists principally of silica,lime,and alumina. Incementmanu- facture theseare obtained from(1)Cement rock and limestone; (2) Limestone or marl and shale or clay; (3) Blast-furnace slag and limestone. _ First the rock is quarried and trans- - ported to the mill. Then it is ground toa powder, analyzed, and the several ingre- dients mixed in accurate proportions. Nextitissubjected tolongandgradually increasingheatuntil,atabout 3,000degrees - Fahrenheit, the mixed materials decom- pose and fuse into hard balls, known as clinker. Then this hard clinker is cooled, mixed with a definite proportion of gypsum,and again grouridtoapowdersofine thatatleast per cent of it will pass througlr'a sieve having 40,000 holes to the square inch. Finally this finished product must be analyzedy to determine that it conforms to the exacting specification requirements of cement manufacture, packed in bags and placed in-cars for shipment. 222 3 The manufacture of cement is a com- plex processinvolving greatcare,skilland requiring an enormous CHICAGO :TO FURTHER THE BEST INTERESTS OF CEMEN ber screw caps, which seal the glass jars tightly and prevent seepage be- tween the jars and their covers. The battery terminal posts for connection to & circuit are high and give ample room for the attachment of clamps. The other cell terminals are con- nected together by means of heavy lead connecting straps. securely burn- ed to the posts. Rubber vent plugs are provided and are easily remov- able for adding water to the golution and during charging. It is 'claimed that all frying and hissing noises .are eliminated. This and the added advantage of having a rechargable battery should make this storage “B” battery of consid- erable interes T USERS Take a Case With You That picnic crowd is a thirsty crowd—rushing . round in the open and eating ‘“packed” lunches makes for a real thirst. And here’s a real drink for it—Poth’s Extra. Not only a thirst quencher, but a good digester for the picnic pickles and hard- boiled eggs. Surprisingly refreshing—a girl’s drink, as well as a man’s. Be sure to phone your dealer—and take a case of Poth’s Extra on the picnic. )/ EXTRA HECKMAN MILLER CO. Formerly National Beverage Co. Distributor 818-820 4! Street S.W. Washington, D. C. Phone Franklin 7’65 and Franklin 7480 TR PR EAR TR X R ST Y B a g T T Studebaker Bodies Don’t Rattle or Squeak Studebaker bodies rest squarely on the chassis frame—not on the body sills. The body and the frame form a rigid unit that successfully resists the rack of the road. Studebaker bodies are built in Studebaker shops by men, manyof whom have been buildingvehicle bodies for Studebaker for upwards of 30 years— and their fathers before them. Studebaker has been building fine bodies for seventy years. Studebaker Special-Six bodies, because of their quality and soundness, weigh more than those of other cars around the Special-Six price. You cannot skimp in material and build a body that will not rattle. Freedom from rattle or squeak is just another of the fine-car refinements that emphasize the extra value of the Studebaker Special-Six. “The sp.u.Ls.x chassis frameis 7, It e front to 41” in the rear, MODELS AND PRICES—/. o. b. factories LIGHTSIX 80 that: the sides of the 2 bodyfitperfectlywithout WP overhang. Five croge- members the dis- . COMMERCIAL AUTO & SUPPLY CO. - . Joseph McReynolds; President S . 819 14th Street NW. - e Telephones Main 519 or Franklin 3075 e ‘THIS 1S A STUDEBAKER YEAR