Evening Star Newspaper, February 11, 1922, Page 5

- CONFERENCE SUMMARY GIVEN TO THE SENATE By the Associated Press. The arms conference treaties sub- mitted for ratification yesterday by President Harding are declared by the American delegation in its re- port to him to rest'upon a new_inter- national “state of mind,” which sub- stitutes mutual faith for suspicion . and apprehension. The report, a ‘ninety-page printed document, was laid before the Senate vesterday by Mr. Harding along with the treaties. It reviews the con- ference negotiations, contains ab- stracts of the treaties and resolutions approved and quotes at length from arlous “declarations” and speeches made in committee or plenary scs- sion and previously published. Must Be Taken as Whol Summarizing the resuits of the con- ference, the delegation deciares that to appraise correctly the accomplish- ments they must all be considered as a whole, since each contributes to a combination of conditions “in which peaceful security will take the place of competitive preparation for war." The summary Tontinues: “The declared object was, in its na- val aspect, to stop the race of com- petitive building of warships. Com- petitive armament, however, is the result of a state of mind in which a national _expectation of attack by some other country causes prepara- tion to meet the attack. To stop competition it Is necessary to deal with the state of mind from which it results. A belief in the pacific in- tentions of other powers must be substituted for suspicion and appre- ~ hension. Part of a Plan. ’ “The negotiations which led to the four-power treaty werey the process of attaining that new state of mind. and the four-power treaty itself was the expression of the new state of mind. It terminated the Anglo- Japanese alllance and substituted friendly conference in place of war as the first reaction from any contro- versies which might arise in the region of the Pacific; it would not have been possible except as part of a plan including a limitation and a reduction of naval armament, but that limitation and reduction would not have been possible without the new relations established by the four- power treaty or something equivalent to it. 3 The new relations declared in the four-power treaty could not, ho ever, inspire confidence or be rea- sonably assured of continuance without & specific understanding as to the relations of the powers to” China. Such an understanding had two aspects. One related to securing fairer treatment of China and the other related to the competition for irade and industrial advantages in China between the outside powers. ' Paet in First Article. ring both of An agreement cove! these gsl:)\lnds in a rather funda- mental way was embodled in the first article of the general nine- power treaty regarding China. order, however, to bring the rules set out in that article out of the realm of mere abstract propositions and make them practical rules of conduct it wasnecessary to provide for applying them so far as the pres- ent condition of governgent and goclal order in China permit. This ~was done by the remaining provis- ions of the gene! nine-power treaty and Chinese custol treaty and the series of formal resolutions adopted hy the conference in its plenary ses- sions and the fo: tions made of the record of the con- ferent justify the relation of con- fidence and good will cxpected in the four-power treay _and upen which the reduction of armament provided fn the naval treaty may be contem- plated with a sense of security. Recounts Steps Before Call. At the beginning of the report the delegation recounts the diplomatic steps leading up to the conference, quotes from the President's opening address and ‘fi:l!‘ forth the manner in which the conference was Oorgan- ized. It says this regarding public- it; While the sessions of the commit- tees were not public, a complete record was kept of ail their proceed- ings, and at the close of each ses- sion of the committee on armament and on Pacific and far eastern ques- tions, respectively, a communique was made to the press, which, generally, stated all that had taken place in the committee, and in all cases: set forth whatever matters of importance had received attention. Thus, full pub- liclty was given to the proceedings of_the conference. Excerpts from the report, as it touched on specific subjects under ne- gotiation, follow: Limitation ef Land Armament. “It was recognized at the outset that it would be difficult, if not im- possible, to provide at this confer- ence for the limitation of land forces. So far as the Army of the United States is concerned. there was no question presented. The British em- pire has also reduced its land forces to a minimum. The situation on the continent was vividly depicted in an eloquent address by M. Briand.” (Here follow quotations from the ad- dress of Premler Briand, setting forth France's reluctance to reduce her army, and from_ addresses by Sena- tor Schanzer for Italy and Baron Kato for Japan.) “Further consideration made it quite clear that no agreement for the lim tation of land forces could be had at this time.” . Limitation of Naval Armament. “It was obvious that no agreement for limitation was_possible if the wers were not cofitent to take as a asis their actual existing naval strength. It was impossible to ter- minate competition in naval arma- ment if the powera were-to conditfon their agreement upon the advantages they hoped to gain in the competition itself. Accordingly, when the argu- sment was presented by Japan that a better ratio—that is, one more fator- ble to Japan than that assigned by the American plan—should be adopted nd emphasis was placed upon the as- erted needs of Japan, the answer was made that if Japan was entitled to a better ration upon the basis of actual existing naval strength, it |houl?~:e. but otherwise could not be, o) ‘Before assenting to this ratio 3) the Japanese government de: sired assurances with regard to the increase of fortifications and mnaval ‘bases in the Pacific ocean. It was in- sisted that while the capital ship ra- tio proposed by the American govern- ment might be acceptable under ex- isting conditions, it could not be re- garded as acceptable by tfe Japanese government if the government of the United States should fortify or estab- lish additional naval bases in'the Pa- . cific ocean. After prolonged negotia- ®tions the thres powers, the United States, the British empire and Js made an agreement that the stat: quo would be maintained. 7 Question of the Mutsuw. *Among the ships which the American gov rnment proposed should be scrapped y Japan was the Mutsu. It was the understanding of the American govern- ment that this ship was still incamplete at the time of the meeting of the con- terence. The Japanese delegation, how- insisted that the Mutsu had actu- been flnished. was commis i @ fully manned, before the conference | i met. (The report then sets forth the terms of agreement by which the Mutsu was retained.) .~ “In view of the insistence on the part ~ of the Frerich delegation that they could * not abate their requirements as to aux- illary and submarines the British delegation stated that they were unable { to consent to a Hmitation of auxiliary submarines. For sible to carry out the American plan so far as limitation of auxiliary craft and submarines was concerned. Integrity of U. S. Plan Saved. Vith respect to capital ships, while there are certain changes in detail, the integrity of the nlan proposed on behalf of the American government has,been maintained, and the spirit in which tnat i proposal was made, and in which it was received, dominated the entire negotia- tions and brougnt them to a successful conclusion. | “It is obvious that this agreement means uitimately an enormous ing of money and the lfting of a heavy and unnecessary burden. The treaty absolutely stoj the race in competition in naval armament. At the same time it leaves the relative security of the great naval powers unimpaired. No natignal Interest has been sacrificed; a wasteful pro- ductlon of unnecessary armament has been ended. Alreraft Limitation Faflure. 'While it was desired that’ an agreement should be reached for the limitation of auxiliary craft and submarines, its importance should not be overestimated. Limitation has been effected where it was most needed, both with respect to the avoidance of the heaviest outlays and with reference to the promptings to war, which may be found in ex- cessive preparation. It was found to be impracticable to adopt rula- for the limitation of aircrait in ndmber, size or chracter, in view of the fact that such rules would be of little or no value unless the production of commercial air- craft were similarly restricted. It | was deemed to be inadvisable thus to hamper the development of a facility which could not fail to be important in the progress of civilization. | Paciic and Far Eastera Questions. 'When the conference was called { there existed with regard to the far east causes of misunderstanding and sources of controversy which consti- tuted a serious potential danger. These difficulties centered principally about China, where the developments of the past quarter of a century had produced a situation in which inter- national rivalries, jealousies, distrust and antagonism were fostered. | In the year 1899 Secretary Hay i sought to establish the principle of the open door and its corollary; that is, the preservation of Chinese terri- torial and administrative integrity. These two related principles have | since had their influence in restraint iof the temptation to encroach upon the rights of China. But it is un- fortunately the fact that these prin- ciples were never a matter of binding international obligation among all the powers concern:d; ana, although generally professed, they were, in Some {instances, disregarded. A sit. uation had thus been created in which the Chinese people nursed a sense of grievance and even of outrage and the foreign nations found their rela- tions gomplicated by mutual sus- picion dnd resentment. Alliance Big Factor. It may be stated without reserva- tion that one of the most important factors In the far eastern situation was the Anglo-Japanese alliance. This alliance has been viewed by the Dpeople of the United States with deep concern. Originally designed as a measure of protection in view of the policies of Russia and Germany in far eastern affairs, the continuance of the alliance after all peril from those sources had ceased could not fail to be regarded as seriously prejudicial to our interests. Without reviewing the reasons for this disquietude, it was greatly increased by the ‘state of international tension’ which . had arisen in the Pacific area. “It was a matter of the greatest gratification that the American dele- gation found that they were able to obtain an agreement by which the Anglo-Japanese alliance “should - be immedlately terminated. No greater step could be taken to secure the unimpeded influence of liberal opin- ion in promoting peace in the Pacific region. (At this point the four-power Pacific treaty, which provides for abrogation of the alliance, is sum- marized.) Agree Only to Respect Rights. “The parties (to the four-power treaty) do not agree to give any sup- port to claims, but only to respect rights that aotually exist. When con- troversies arise, the powers merely agree to confer together concerning them. No power binds itself to any- thing further; and any consents or agreements must be reached in ac- l,cordance with its constitutional thods. The most acute question perhaps in the far east was that relating to Shan- tung. The question could not be brought, technically, before the Washington con- ference, as all the nations represented at the conference table, save the United States, China and the Netherlands were bound by the treaty of Versallles. It was quite clear, however, that the con- ference furnished a most favorable op- portunity for negotiations between China and Japan. In order that the parties might rought together, the good offices of Mr. Balfour and Mr. Hughes, individually, were tendered to both par- ties, with their jent, and conver- sations looking to a settiement were be- gun. These conversations had the happy result of complete agreement.” Declarations of Polfey. The report embodies the declarations of national policy made in regard to ths “twenty-one demands” and Siberia, de- claring that the Japanese. statement of intention to respect Russian terri integrity and withdraw the Japanese troops from Siberia as soon as condi- tions warrant should be regarded as of the utmost importance. “This constitutes a pledgé,” the re, port says, ‘‘which no doubt will be fully redeemed. While Japan has not fixed the date for the withdrawal of her troops from Siberia, she has renounced all claims of territorial aggrandise- ment, of political domination or of ex- clusive or preferential privilege.” ———— RUBLE FAILS TO RECORD. Private Exchanges Quote Nearly 600,000 to Dollar. MOSCOW, February 10.—Although the official exchange rate has been fxe at 280,000 to the dollar, the ruble tumbled on private exchanges today to between five and six hun- dred thousand to the dollar. This is the lowest ruble quotation on record and was accompanied by a rise in the prices of foodstuffs and all commodities. —_— GETS CABINET POSITION. Miguel Alessio .Robles Commerce Secretary in Mexico. the Amsoclated Press. : ~ [EXICO CITY, February 11.— ‘Migue] Alessio Robles has been ap- pointed secretary of commerce, indus- try and labor, it is announced, and will be sworn ‘“as soon as President Obregon recovers his health and re- sumes his duties at the national palace. The nru!dent. who has had a severe cold, reported as much improved and probably will return to his office on Monday. Senor Robles’ appointment carries with it acceptance of his resighation earlier,in_the week as Mexican min- er Spain. The cabinet seat to which_he is named was made va- cant by the resignation of Rafael Zubaran-Capmany. ‘The post of secretary of agriculture is yet to be filled. - —_— One of the unique presents which Princess Mary will receive on the occasion of her wedding is_a police e T I . badge set-in:Jewels. Document Presented by Presidént Reteals ._ How Hopes Were Unfolded and Came To Final Realization. Na op of the Wi have been Iaild off. ! The text of President Harding's ad- dress to the Senate yesterday present- ing the treaties to the upper House fol- lows: Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Senate: I have come to make report to you of the conclusions of what has been termed the Washington confer- ence on the limitation of armament, and to lay before you the series of treaties which the United States and th other powers participating in the conference have negotiated and signed, and have announced to the ‘'world. Apart from the very great satisfaction in reporting to the Sen- it is a privilege as well as a y to ask that advice and consent which the Constitution requires to make these covenants effective. Accompanying the treaties I bring to you the complete minutes of both plenary sessions and committee meetings, and a copy of the official report made to me by the American delegation to the conference. Both the complete minutes and the official report of the American delegation are new accompaniments to the ex- ccutive repont of a treaty or treaties, but they ar fitting tstimonials toe that open and simpler diplomacy for which the world has asked, and the practice of which contributed largely to the success of the conference 50 recently adjourned. I trust they will ifaollitate that ample and helpful un- terstanding which is desirable in the Senate, and reflect that understand- ing_which was the keynote of the conference itself. Tranaction Out of Ordinary. The whole transaction is quite out of the ordinary. I am not thinking of the achievement, which I hope the Senate will come to appraise highly as I do, and as the world seems to do. 1 am not thinking of the commendable processes by which agreements were wrought, though this was a confer- ence wholly of free nations, exercis. ing every national right and author- ity, in’ which every agreement was stamped with unanimity. Indeed, it was a conference of friends, proceed- ing in deliberation and sympathy, ap- praising their friendly and peaceful relations and resolved to maintain them, and give to the world new as- surances of peace and actual relief from the burdens of excessive and competitive armament. But the out- of-the-ordinary phases which I have in mind are that the Senate—indeed, the Congress—has already advised in favor of one—and inferentially of two —of the treaties laid before you today, and the naval pact negotiated and signed is in accordance with your ex- pressed wish. It calls a halt in the competitive construction of capital ships in the great navies of the world, and affords the first actual relief from naval burdens which peoples have been able to acclaim since steam and steel combined to add to naval strength in warfare. But, though the treaty recommend- ed by the Congress marks the be- ginning of a naval holiday and that limitation of naval armament which accords with a world aspiration, the particular justification of this pro- gressive and highly gratifying step was the settlement of the interna- tlonal problems of the Pacific, attend- ed by new understandings in place of menacing disagreements, and estab- lished sureties instead of uncertain- tles which easily might lead to con- flict. Much as it was desirable to lift the burdens of naval armament ahd strike at the menace of competitive construction and consequent expen- diture, the executive branch of the government, which must be watchful for the nation’s safety, was unwilling to covenant a reduction of armament until there could be plighted new guaranties of peace, until there could be removed the probable menaces of. conflict. Therefore all the treaties submitted for your approval have such important relationship, one to another, that, though not interde pendent, they are the covenants of harmony, of assurance, of conviction,, P of consclence and of unanimity. These, we. have believed to be essential to’ perfect the fulfiliment which the Con- gress has in mind. End of Contradictions. As a simple matter of fact, all of the agreements, except those dealing direct- ly with. the limitation of armament, take the place of various multi-power treaties, arrangements or understand- ings, formal or informal, expressed or implied, relating to matters in the Pacific ocean, in which all the powers signatory were essentially, if not equal- ly, concerned. . The new agreements serve to put an end to contradictions, to remove ambiguities and establish clear understandings. No matter what mental reservations may have existed, or what doubts may have prevailed, because here was an ex- periment new 4n many phases, all of the rers came- to the conference knowing it was to deal with very prac- tical situations affecting their inter- national relations. ‘There was muf interest, quite apart from the greater achievement for world peace, and a way to common undar-nndlng was ‘ found to be practical and speedily arranged. If it has developed a new-world school of dip! 'y it be so called. It re- vealed the ends aimed at in the very beginning, and pointed the way to their attaiiment. The powers in conference took the world of the Pacific as they found it in fact. They dealt with actu- alities by voluntary and unanimous agreement, and have added to mankind’ assurances and hopefy advanced in: ternational peace. It is worth while saying that the powers in this conference sought no conoert to dispossess any power of its rights or property. All the signa: toried have given up certain rights which they had, as_their contribu- tion to concord ard peace, but at no sacrifice of national pride, with no regret or resentment to later flame in conflict. Some relinquished certain rights or prerogatives which they had asserted, notably insthe set- tlement of the Shantung controversy, dealt within a covenant quite spart from the group herewith submitted. But every concession was a will ‘one, without P! ington mavy yard, where the hig sixt The shop is reported to be practically idle today, mecl TEXT OF PRESIDENT'S 'SPEECH PRESENTING PACTS TO SENATE tual | erelgnty, or else brutal, ‘The conference record is quite un- paralleled, not alone because there !wal the maximum of good feeling 1and neighborliness throughout the session, but common rejoicing in the results; and the separations in de- parture were marked by genuine cordiality, good will. and new hopes. No Punishments to Inflict, It is_not necessary to remind you that the conference work was not directed against any power or group of powers. There were no punish- ments to inflict, no rewards to bestow. Mutual consideration, and the com- mon welfare, and the desire for world peace impelled. The conclusions reached and the covenants writtea neither require nor contemplate com- pulsive measures against any power in the world, signatory or nonsigna- tory. The offerings are free will; the conscience is that of world opinion; the observance is a matter of mational honor. These treaties leave no power despoiled. The delegates of every power participating adjourned with every right and every authority with | which they came, except that which | was willingly and gladly given up to further the common welfare. 1 can assure you the nine powers have been brought more closely together, they ! are stauncher neighbors and friends, they have clearer and better estimate; of one another, they have seen sus- picion challenged and selfishness made to retreat, they have keener and more sympathetic understandings, and they are more strongly willed for right and justice in international relations than ever before. 1 believe, with all my heart, the powers in conference have combined to make the world safer and better and more hopeful place in which to live. It was a helpful thing to have the conference reveal how common our human aspirations are and how easy it is, when the task Is properly ap- proached, to reconcile our national as- pirations. There are mutual and es- sential interests affecting the welfare and peace of all nations, and they can not be promoted by force. They can be revealed and magnified in that understanding which, it is now proven, the conference of peace pro- moi‘es, and thlei!lme understanding makes compulsion and despoilment hateful in the eyes of mlnkln: Treaties Submitted, ‘The treaties submitted, = M{i“ seveh in num- e covenant of limitation to naval armament between our republic, the British empire, France, Italy and Japan. The treaty between the same powers In relation to the use of submarines and no:_lgul ases in hwarfare. e treaty between the States, the British Empire, g]"‘a‘;ecg ;g:i!elflaipnn rel;(lv&li to their insular sions and their insul - [DnAu 13 t‘he Pacific. oy Aoty eclaration accompanyin; four-power treaty reserving im'ek: ican rights in mandated territory. An agreement supplementary to the four-power treaty defining the application of the term “insular pos- session and_insular - dominions,” relAnlng to glpan. treaty between the nine Wer: in the conference relating lt)lml‘l'ln5 ciples and policies to be followed in matters concerning Chinfa. A treaty between the nine powers relating to Chinese customs tariff. Urges Prompt Approval. I invite your prompt approval of all of them. It is’ quite im:glulble to readjust our naval program wuntil the naval treaty has your sanction, even though you urged its negotiatiop. 1t is not possible to make the reu{‘]u!t- ment, in full confidence, until the ‘whole program has commended itself to_your approval. I am not unmindful, nor was the conference, of the sentiment in this chamber against old world entangle- ments. ' Those who made the treaties have left rio doGbt about their true | import. Every expression in confererice has emphasized the pur- ose to be served and the obligations assume: Therefore, I can bring you ‘every agsurance that ‘nothing in any of these' treaties commits the United States, or any other power, to any kind of an alllance, entanglement or involvement. It does not require us or any power to surrender a Worth- while tradition. It has been said, if this be true, these are mere meaning- less treaties, and therefore valueless, Let us accept no such doctrine of despair és that. If nations m: not establ by mutual understanding the rul d principles which are to govern their relationship; if a sov- ereign and solemn plight of faith by Ieldlnf nations of the earth is value- less; if nations may not trust one another, then, indeed, there is little on which to hang our faith in ad: vancing civilization or the furtherance of peace, Either we must live and aspire and achieve under a free and .common understanding among peo- ples, with mutual trust, respect and forbearance; and exercising full sov- rmed force will dominate, and the sorrows and burdens of war in this decade will be \turned to the chaos and hopele: ness of the next. do without international negotiations and agreements in these modern days than swe <¢ould maintain orderly neighborliness at home without the prescribed rules of conduct which are more the guaranties of freedom than the restraint thereof. ‘World Hungry for, Peace. ‘The world has been hungering for a better relationship Yor centuries since it has attained its larger consclous. ness. The conception of the league of natigns was & response to a mani- fest world hunger. Whatever its fate, Whether it achieves the great things hoped for, or comes to supersedur or to failure, the American unwill ingness to be a part of it has be expressed. That unwillingness ha: ‘been kept in mind, and the treatie: submitted have no semblance or relationship save as the wish to ote peace has been the common nspiration. - 3 > The four-power treaty contains no war commitment. ‘It covenants the respect-of each' nation’s rights in re- the wu! hanics numbe ng about 1,350 ll{ ng beem lation to its Insular possessions. In case of controversy between the cov- enanting powers it is agreed to con- fer and seek adjustment, and if said rights are threatened by the aggres- sive action of any outside power, these friendly powers, respecting one another, are to communicate, perhaps confer, 'in order to understand what action may be taken, jointly or sep- arately, to meet a menacing situation. There is no commitment to armed force, no alllance, no written or moral obligation to join in defense, no ex- pressed or implied commitment to ar- rive at any ggreement except in ac- cordance Wi our constitutional methoas. It is easy to believe, how- ever, that such a conference of the four powers is a moral warning_that an aggressive nation, giving affront to the four great powers ready to fo- cus world opinion on a given con- troversy, would be embarking on a hazardous enterprise. Frankly, senators, if nations may not safely agree: to respect each oth- er's rights, and may not agree to confer if one to the compact threatens trespass, or may not agree to advise if one party to the pact is threatened by an outside power, then all con- certed efforts to tranquillize the world and stabllize peace must be flung to the winds. Either these treaties must have your cordial sanction or every proclaimed desire to promote peace and prevent war becomes a hollow mockery. Eyes Turned to Pacifie, ‘We have seen the eyes of the world turned to the Pacific. With Europe prostrate and penitent, none feared the likelihood of early conflict there. But the Pacific had its menaces, and they deeply concerned us. Our terri- torial interests are larger there. Its waters are not strange saas to us, its farther shores not unknown' to our citizens. Our earlier triumphs of com- | merce were there. We began treaty relationships with China fully eighty }ycars ago, in the youthful vigor of our republic, and the sailings of our clipper ships were the romance of our merchant marine, when it successful- 1y challenged the competition of the world. ‘Seventy years ago Commodore Perry revealed Japan to commerce, and there followed that surpassing development of the island empire, with whom our unbroken peace found a most gratifying reflex in the con- ference just’closed. A century ago we began planting the seeds of American friendship in Hawaiif, and seventy years ago Web- ster told the Senate that the United States could “never consent to see these islands taken possession of by either of the great commercial pow- ers of Europe.” Whether it was des- tiny, or the development of propin- quity, or the «influence of our colon- ists, or faith in our institutions, Ha waii came under the flag in 1898, and rejoices today as a part of our re- public. Led to South Seas. The lure of the waters or the march of empire, or the call of commerce or inscrutable destiny led us on, and we went to the south._seas and planted with Spain came our sponsorship in the Philippines, and the possession of Guam; and so we are deeply con- cerned in the mid-Pacific, the south seas_and the very center of the far east. We crave peace there as we do as|on the continent, and we should be remiss in performing a national duty if we did not covenant the relations which tend to gusrantee it. For more than a half century we have had a car NI ‘Lall 1 WEST B4 Taxi Our taxi rates are the cheapest in the city—S0 cents for ten blocks, 75 cents for a greater distance in the city Special rates for for Uncle Sam's battleships | S TREET car schedules may be uncertain at night— \ but mot WEST 84 taxis. At any hour of the night, wherever you may be, a WEST 84 ta: five minutes from any one of our six 50c for Ten Blocks 75¢ in City Proper . Taxis by the hour as low as $2.00 NEW TAXI SERVICE CQ, 1140 21st Street N.W. The first essay on “The Arms Con- ference and Its Significance” enter- ed in The Star’s $1,000 prize contest | was received today by the contest editor. Distinction of sending in the initial composition went to a stu- dent at Eastern High School, with Silver Castle as her nom de plume. With thousands of pupils in vir- tually all the public, private &nd parochial schools busy writing com positions to be entered, the conte editor expects to be literally swamp- ed with mail next week. Jt is emphasized that the contes- tants have until George Washinzton's birthday, February 22, to send in their essays. Washington's birthday was formally selected as the date fer the closing of the contest, and a more appropriate time, in the opinion of educational authorities interested in the contest, could not be found to end the intensive study the Washington part in influencing the affairs of the Pacific, and our present proposed commitments are not materially dif- ferent in character, nor materially greater in _extent, though fraught with vastly less danger, than our un- dertakings in the past. We have covinced the onlooking and interested powers that we covet the possessions of no other power in the far east, and we know for ourselves !that we crave no further or greater governmental or territorial responsi- | bilities there. Contemplating what is {admittedly ours, and mindful of a ilong~llme and reciprocal friendship with China, we do wish the oppostu- nity to continue the development of our trade peacefully, and on equality with other nations, to strengthen our ties of friendship, and to make sure the righteous and just relationships of peace. | Holding the possessions we do, en- tertaining these views, and confess ing these ambitions, why should we | not make reciprocal engagements to respect the territory of others and contract thelr respect of ours, and thus quiet apprehension and put an end to suspicion? Cites Apprehension. | There has been concern. There has been apprehension of territorial greed, a most fruitful cause of war. The conference has dissipated both, and your ratification of the covenants breaking of which there shadew of reason or real excuse. We shall not have less than before. No one of us shall have less than before. There is no narrowed liberty, no ham pered independence, no shattered sovereifnty, no added oblization. We will have new assurances, new freedom from anxiety, and new mani- fostations of the sincerity of our own intentions; a new demonstration of that honesty which proclaims & righteous and powerful republic. T am ready to assume the sincerity FIRST ESSAY IS SUBMITTED "IN THE STAR'S PRIZE CONTEST “Silver Castle” of Eastern High School Has Distinction of Being Speediest Writer on Arms Meeting. | limitation. made will stabilize a peace for the is not aj { and the dependability of the assur- world that they will respect our rights, just as I know we mean to re- spect theirs. 1 believe there is an in- violable national honor, and I bring to you this particular covenant in the confident belief that it is the out- standing compact of peace for the Pacific, which will justify the limita tion of armament and prove a new guarantee to peace and liberty, and maintained sovereignty and free in- stitutions. No allusion has been made to the treaty restralning and limiting use of the submarine, and the prohibi- tion of noxious gases in warfare. Since we are asking the world’'s ad- herence, it is easily assumed that none in America will hold aloof. Relations to China. Nor need I dwell on the nine-power treaty relating to principles and poli- cles to be followed in the relationship of the signatory powers to China. Qur traditional friendship for the ancient empire, our continued friendship for the new republic, our commitment of | more than twenty years to the open | door, and our avowed concern for Chinese integrity and unimpaired sovereignty, make it easy to assume that the Senate will promptly and ! unanimously assent. China's" own satisfaction in the restorations cove: nanted here has been officially ex- | pressed, quite apart from the testify- 1 ing signatures. Perhaps 1 may fittingly add a word which is suggested by my relation- ship as a former member of the Sen- ate. I had occasion to learn of your very proper jealousy of the Senate's part in_contracting foreign relation- ships. Frankly, it was in my mind when I asked representatives of both the majority and minority to serve on the American delegation. It was de- signed to have you participate. And you were ably represented. V Concern of Semate. The Senate’s concern for freedom: from entanglements, for preserved traditions, for maintained inde- pendence, was never once forgotten by the American delegates. If I did not believe these treaties brought us not only new guararties of peace but Pttt GHT will reach you in inches. pr:per. "lenzl WIlE,ST 84 and - employ this cheaper, better taxi service for ali your needs. out-of-town trips ances of our neighbors of the oll‘lI | these engagements, I submit them to Lk kR L T L b kb Lk E LR R L S SR school children have made relative to the historic armament conferenca. As previously announced, cighi- eight cash prizes, aggregating $1.00C, will be awarded the winners cf the contest. The prizes will range from $100 to $5.and be distributed wid:lv over two separate classes into which the contest has been divided—:enior and junfor—in order that all con- testants submitting essays of merit may receive awards. In addition to receiving a cash prize, some of the winners will have their compositions published in The Star for the purpose of illustrating to the public_the familiarity of the District school children with the epoch-making arms conference. Contestants are placed on their honor to receive no aid whatsoever in the actual writing of their com- positions. This is the cardiral prin- ciple governing the contest, and the gssuyists are warned to adhere strict- y to i l greater assurances of freedom from conflict, I would not submit them to, your consideration. i Much depends on your decision. ‘We have joined in giving to the world the spectacle of nations gathering | about the conference table, amid the . convictions of peace, free from allj passion, to face each other in the contacts of reason, to solve menacing ! problems and end disputes and clea: up misunderstandings. They have: agreed to confer again when desir- | able, and turn the revealing light of | world opinion on any menace to peace among them. Your government en- couraged, and hap signed the com- pacts which it had much to do in fashioning. If to these umlerstand-; ings for peace, if to these advanced expressions of the conscience of lead- ing powers, if to these concords to guard against conflict and lift the burdens of armament, if to all of these the Senate will not advise and consent, then it will be futile to try again. Here has been exercised every caution_consistent with accomplish- Here was a beginning on you edvice, no matter when conceived, | and the program was enlarged, only because assurances of _tranquillity were deemed the appropriate concomi- tants of the great experiment in arms Executives Responsibility. I alluded a moment ago to my knowledge of the viewpoint of the Sen- ate, from personal experience. Since that experience 1 have come to know the ‘viewpoint and inescapable respon- sibility of the executive. To the ex- ecutive comes the closer view of world relationship and a more impressiv realization of the menaces, the anxle-' ties and the apprehensions to be met. We have no rivalries in our devo-| tion to the things we call American, | because that is a common consecration. | None of us means to endanger, none of us would sacrifice a cherished na- tional inheritance. In mindfulness of this mutuality of interest, common de- votion and shared authority, I sub- mit to the Senate that if we cannot join in making effective these cove-! nants for peace, and stamp this con- ference with America’s approval, we shall discredit the influence of the re- public, render future efforts futile or unlikely and write discouragement where today the world is ready to ac- claim new hope. Because of this feel- ing, because I believe in the merits of the Senate with every confidence that the | you will approve. pi Wherever the Senegalese soldier goes his wife accompanies him, whether on a campalgn or in a military postr i condition Price, $1,350. to rear end. car. It has a good $750. -1920 Nash Coupe— been installed. The the tires are good. the paint is fair, it we cannot afford to ing and i as is the battery. shield, n excel one will get 1918 Bui holstery is od extra. We will turn ranging in price from $200 up. throuph our shop and others are satisfactory. Transportation Not Bargains That Is What We Are Selling the top recovered, new set of tires. and v:ndllfl!ld mirror and it can be bought for _lighting system new wires a painted, has‘good cord tires all. around In additicn to the above cars we have a number of others - PRESIDENT GIVES SENATE TREATIES Democratic Members Ap- plaud Speech Presenting Pacts Framed at Parley. Presldent Harding laid before . the Senate late yesterday the seven treaties and agreements eminating from the Washington conference, He delivered an address urging their speedy ratification by the Senate. His address in support of the treaties was the subject of much favorable comment at the Capitol today. The President's speech was listened to with keen interest, and at its con- 1 | clusion there was vigorous applause, a considerable number of the demo- cratic senators clapping their hands as well as the republicans. The President left on the Vice Pre: dent’s table a large brown envelope, containing the seven treaties. Chamber Is Crowded. Notwithstanding the uncertainty of the hour when the President was to appear the Senate chamber was crowded, and also the galleries, ex- cept the diplomatic gallery. Scores of members of the House stood in the rear of the Scnate chamber. It was 3:30 o'clock when the Senate, on mo- tion of Senator Lodge, appointed a committee to escor>=the President to the chamber. The Vice President ap pointed Senator Lodge and Senator Simmons of North Carolina. Senator Underwood, the _democratic der, was absent owing To=e slight ilines: The appearance of the President was greeted with applause, and the ntire assembly arose. Praised by Borah. After the address, Senator Borah of Idaho, who has been considred a leading opponent of the four-power treaty on the Pacific islands, said that he thought the President had made & fine address and that he intended to study- the treaties carefully to deter- imine whether they would cause en- tangling alliances. He said that if he found the President’s construction of these pacts correct—that they aid ot cause such entanglements—he would not delay in supporting them He said he had already determined to support the naval limitation treaty. CHINA APPROVES LOAN. Will Borrow $96,000,000, With Salt Revenue as Security. By the Associnted Press. PEKING, February 9.—The loan of $96,000,000, th the salt revenue as security, has been approved by the abinet, and the finance ministry has fssued an announcement giving its terms. Premier Liany Shih-Yi, who has been on leave of absence for two weeks, has requested an ad@itional ten-day leave. In connection with the granting of leave of absence to the premier more than two weeks ago, it was stated that he probably would be requested to resign_on account of. the opposi- tion to him shown by Gen. Wu-Pei- Fu, inspector-general of Hunan and Hupeh. It was reported from Peking Janu- ary 28 that Liang Shih-Yi had tend- ered his resignation, but that it w: refused. Still later advices said the premier had refused to present the resignation of his cabinet, insisting the president must dismiss the min- isters or recall them to office. —_— Cuba, Nassau, Miami—A tiantic Coast avapa Special” and “‘Florida Spe- cial.”” Through service. Office, 1418 H st. n.w. —Adrertisement. Nashs were bought and we have the follow- ing cars to dispose of. In selling them we expect to make a friend of every purchaser. ; Take Advantage of Today’s Market 1921 Buick Coupe— An ideal all-year car of standard make in which the valves have bcen “ground, the carbon removed, bearings reset, ‘ transmission and rear spected and adjusted, thoroughly gone over, paint and tires are good, upholstery is in excellent The car has run less than 10,000 miles. end in- ignition and lighting system has a_ good battery. The 1921 Nash Four Roadster— We have just overhauled this car from radiator Mechanically, it is ds good as a new Just been repainted, Has a bumper battery. This car has been thoroughly gone over in our shop and all worn parts replaced. lighting systems have been ‘The ignition and gone over. In_ the nd new lights have battery is in very good shape. Uphoistery is in good shape, needs a coat of varnish, but put it on at the price we are asking. As extras it has a bumper and motometer. Will be sold for $1,125. 3 1920 Hudson Touring— That has been thoroughly inspected, the valves rbon removed, bearings taken up, light- i | | | i ition systems in first-class condition, it has good tires, just been re- painted and as extras carries a tonneau wind- windshfeld mirror and motometer. Some llent car for $1,000. This is 8 seven-passenger touring car in which we have put new rings, new bearings, removed the carbon from, ground the valves, taken the springs spring bnlhlyfl and new clutch parts. i go shape. The car has been re- e this car over to you for $6 Some of - thes hove been put offered for sale just as we took them in. mdl.’lmmmmumue!m!ww‘fi” Hurley Métor Company 1522 Fourteenth St. N.W.