Evening Star Newspaper, April 12, 1921, Page 4

. THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., TUESDAY, APRIL 12, 1921 Reconstruction Processes in U. S. and International Issues Discussed by Mr. Harding X Comtinued frém First Page.) than paralyze.our farm activities in the world sm(gglg for restored exchanges. ~ Based 65 Protection. The maturer revision of our tarift laws should be based on the policy of protection, resisting that selfish- ness which turns to greed, but ever eoncerned’ withi “that pro@uctivity at home which is the source of all abiding good fortune. It is agreed thet we cannot sell unless we buy. but ability to sell is based on home development and the fostering of home markets. There is little sentiment in the trade of the world. Trade can and pught to be honor- able, but it knows no sympathy. While the delegates of the nations at war were debating peace terms at Paris, and while we later de- bated our part in completing peace, commercial agents of other nations ‘were opéning their lines and establishing; thelr outposts, with a forward look to the mor- row's trade. It was wholly proper, and has been advantageous to them. Tardy as we are, it will be safer to hold our own markets secure, and build thereon for our trade with the world. ¥ importunt matter is the ment of the government's on a bu: s b There was toleration of the easy-going, unsystematic’ methdd of handling our fiscal affairs when indirect taxation helf “the public unmindful of the federal burden. But there is knowledge ‘of the high cost of gov- crnmen! h< living is ‘fhseparably litked, with high uu ofy_governmetit. There can be 'ne.complete’ orrection ‘of the high living cost until govern- ment's cost is notably reduced. .+ Commends Budget System. Let me most. heartily commend fhe enactment of “legislation pro- Widing for the national budget sys- tem. Congress has already re- carded its belief in the budget. It will be & very great satisfaction to kmow of its early ¢nactment, so that it may be employed in estab- lishing the economies and business methods so essential to the mini- mum of expenditure. 1 have said to the people we meant to have less of government in business as well as more busi- mess in government. It is well to Bave it understood that busimess has a right to pursue its wormal, legitjmate, and righteous way un- impeded. and it ought have no call to meet government competition where all risk is borne by the public Treasury. There is no chal-_ lerge to honest and lawful busi- mess success. But government ap- proval of fortunate, untrammeled business does not mean toleration of restraint of trade or of main- tained priceg by unnatural meth- eds. It is well to have legitimate business understand that a just government, mindful of the inter- ests of all the people. has a right to expect the co-operation of that legitimate business in stamping out the practices which add to un- pest and inspire restrictive legis- . lation. Anxious as we are to re- ®tare the onward flow of business, it is fair to combine assurance and warning in one utterance. One condition in the business world may well receive your in- quiry. Deflation has been in prog- ress. but has failed to reach the mark where it can be proclaimed to the great mass of consumers. Reduced cost of basic production has been recorded. but high cost of living has not yielded in like pro- portion. For example, the prices of grains and live stock have been deflated, but the cost of bread and meats is not adcguately reflected therein. It is to be expected that non-perishable staples will be slow in yielding to lowered prices. but the maintained retail costs in per- ighable foods cannot'be justified: Asks for Trade Report. 1 have asked the Federal Trade Commission for a repogi of its ob- \ servations, and it attributes, in the main. the failure to adjust consum- ers’ cost to basic production costs to the exchange of information by ‘open-price associatfsns,” operate, evidently, within the law, to the very grea! advantage of their members and equal disadvan- tage to the consuming public. Without the spirit of hostility er haste in accusation of profiteéring, some suitable inquirysby Congress | might speed the price readjustment to normal relationship, with help- fulness to both producer and con- sumer. A measuring rod of fair prices w satisfy the country and &ive us a business revival to end all depression and unemployment. The great interest of both the producer and consumer—indeed. all oyr industrial and commerctal life. from egriculture to finance—in the problems of transportation wiil fihd its reflex in vour concern to aid re-establishment, to restore ef- ficiency, and bring transportation cost into a helpful relationship rather than continue it as a hin- drance to resumed activities. It is little to be wondered thaet onsidered legislation, the war DIFFERENT service of till it graduates into 'y, 380 high cost of * which ™ sort individual character—with touch of per:onalny which insures.an intimate satisfaction” in’ dressing baby and equipping the nursery. Everything for its wardrobe—from birth “knicker ments oi theycomplete layette—ready for service— or prepared, upon \pm ial urdcr | | | i very difficalt to visyalize in _country strain, government operation In heedlessness of cost, and the con- flicting programs, or the lack of them. for vestoration have brought about a most difficult situation, made doubly difficult by the low tide of business. All are so inti- mately related that no improve- ment will be permanent until the railways are operated efficiently at a cost within that which the traffic can bear. 1t we can have it understood that Congress has no sanction for gov- ernment ownership. that Congre: does not levy taxes upon the peo- ple to cover deficits *in a service which should be self-sustaining, there will be an avowed founda- tion on which to rebuild. Freight-carrying charges have, mounted higher and higher until commerce is halted and production discouraged. Railway rates and costs of operation must be reduced. Asks Congress to Juquire. _Congress "may well investigate and 16t the public understand wherein our system and the fed- eral regulations are lacking in helpfulness or hindering in re- strictions. The remaining obsta- cles which are the heritance of capitalistic exploitations must be removed. and labor must join man- agement in understanding that the public which p is the public 1o be served, and simpie jus‘tes is the right and will continue to be the right of the people Transportation over the iighways is little less important, but the problems relate to construction and development, and dcserve your most eatnest attention, because we are laying - foundation'for a long tu.ne ,to come, and the creation is its great possibilities. The highways are not only feed- ers to the railroads and afford re- itef from their local burdens, they are actually lines of motor trafic in interstate commerce. They are the smaller arteries of the larger portion of our commerce, and the motor car has become an indi: pensable instrument in our politi- cal, social and industrial life: Thefe is begun a new era in high- way construction, the outlay for which runs far into hundreds of millions of dollars. Bond issues by road districts, counties. and states mount to enormous figures, and the is facing such an outlay that it is vital that every effort shall be directed against wasted ef- fort and unjustifiable expenditure. No Inhibition on States. The federal government can place no inhibition on the expenditure in the several states; but, since Congress has embarked upon a policy of assisting the states in highway improvement, wisely, I be- lieve. it can assert a wholly be- coming influepce in shaping polic With the principle of federal par- ticipation acceptably established, probably never to be abandoned, it is important to exert federal in- fluence in developing comprehen- sive plans 100king tactlfe promotion of commerce, and apply our expen- diture in the surest way to-guar- antee a public return for money ex- pended. Large federal outlay demands a federal voice in the program of ex- rndlt\lre Congress cannot justi- y- a' mere gift from the federal © purse: to the several-states, to be prorated among counties for road betterment. Such a course will in- vite abuses which it were better to guard against in the beginning. The laws governing federal aid should be amended and strength- ened. The federal agency of ad- ministration should be elevated to the importance and vested withau- thority comparable to the work be- fore it. And Congress ought to prescribe conditions to federal ap- propriations which will necessitate a consistent program of uniform- ity which will justify the federal outlay. 1 know of nothing more shocking than the millions of publfc funds wasted in improved highways, wasted because there is no policy of maintenance. The neglect is not universal. but it is very near it. There is nothing the Congress can do more effectively to end this shocking waste than condition all federal aid om provisions for main- tenance. Highways, no matter how .generous the outlay for con- struction, cannot be maintained without patrol und constant repair. Such conditions insisted upon in the grant’of federal aid will safe- guard ‘the public which pays and guard the federal government agdinst political abuses, which tend to defeat the very purposes for which we authorize federal expenditure. Water Transportation. Lirked with rail ‘and highway is ‘thé problem of water transport tion—inland. coastwise and tran: oceani 1t rot possible, on this occasion, suggest to Congress the additional legislation needful to meet the aspirations of our peo- ple for a merchant marine. In the emergency of war we have con- structed a tonnage equaling our largest expectations. Its war cost must be discounted to the actual values of peace, and the large dif- to Baby shop—-rendering that of a —all the require- l | _ ships at sea, ference charged to the war emer- gency, and the pressing task is to turn our assets in tonnage to an agency of commerce. It is not necessary to say it to Congress, but 1 have thought this to be a befitting occasion to give notice that the United States means to establish and maint: a great merchant marine. Our differences of opinion as to a policy of upbuilding have been removed by the.outstanding fact of our having builded. If the in- telligent apd efliciept. administra- tion under the exigting makes established service impos- sible, the executive will promptly report to you. ‘Manifestly, if our lawg. governing American: activi- ties on the seas are such as to give advantage to those who com- pete with us for the carrying ot our own cargoes and those which ought naturally come in American bottoms through trade exchanges, then. the spirit of American fair play will ™ assert itsell to give American carriers their equality of opportunity. This republic can never realize its righteous aspira- tions in commerce, can never be worthy the traditions of the early d of the expanding republic, until the millions of tons of ship- ping., which we now possess, are co-ordinated with our inland transportation and our shipping has government encouragement, not zovernment operation, in car- rying our cargoes under our flag, over reguiarly operated routes, to every market in the world agree- able to American exchanges. It will strengthen American genius and management to have it under- stood that ours is an abiding de- termination, because carrying is second enly .to production in e tablishing and maintaining the of commerce to which we fully sspire. Radis Commaunieation. It is proper to invite your atten- tion the importance of the ques- of radio communication and ables. To meet strategic, commer- cial and political needs, active en- couragement should be given to the extension of American-owned and operated cable and radio serv- ices. Between the United States and its possessions there should be ample communication facilities providing direct services at reason- able rates. Between the United States and other countries not only should there be adequate facilities, but these should be, so far as prac- ticable, direct and free from for- eign intermediation. Friendly co- operation should be extended to international efforts aimed at en- ceuraging improvement of inter- national communication facilities and designed to further the ex- change of messages. Private mo- nopolies tending to prevent the de- velopment of needed facilities should be prohibited. Government- owned facilities, wherever possible without unduly interfering with private enterprise or governmest needs, should be made available for general uses. Particularly de- sirable is the provision of ample cable and radio services at reasos- able rates for the transmission of press matter, so thet the American reader may receive a wide range of news, and the foreign reader receive full accounts of American activities. The daily press of all countries may well be put in posj- tion to contribute to international understandings by the publication of interesting foreign news. Practical experience demon- strates the need for effective regu- 1ation of both domestic and inter- national radio operation if this newer means of intercommunica- tion is to be fully utilized. Es- pecially needful is the provision of ample radio facilities for those Aervices where radio only can be used, suth §s communication with with aircraft and with out-of-the-way places. In- ternational communication by ca- ble and radio requires co-opera- tion between the powers concern- ed. Whatever the degree of con- trol deemed advisable within the United States, government licens- ing of cable landings and of radio stations transmitting and receiv- ing International traffic seems nec- esspry for the protection of Ameri- can interests and for the securing of salisfactory reciprocal priv- ileges. Aviatien Inseparahle. Aviation is inseparable from either the Army or the Navy, and the government must in the in- terests of national defense en- courage its development for mili- Weight 6 lbs. Special, SPECIAL, 607 14th St laws * The Electric Shop Standard Make Fully Guaranteed Electric Iron Standard Make Fully Guaranteed Electric Toaster PAY YOUR ELECTRIC LIGHT BILLS HERE - Potomac Electric Appliance Co. —Braneh Stese, Wi Eieetrie tary and civil purposes. The en- couragement of the civil develop- ment of aeronautics is especially desirable as relieving the govern- ment largely of the expense of development and of maintenance of an industry. now almest entige- Iy borne by the government through appropriations for the military, naval and postal air services. The air mail service is an important initial step in the direction of commercial aviation. It has become a pressing duty of the federal government to provide for the regulation of air navigatio otherwise independent and conflict- ing legislation will be enacted by the various States which will hamper the development of aviation. The national advisory committee for aeronautics, in a special report on this subject, has recommended the establishment of a bureau of aero- nautics in the Department of Com- merce for the federal regulation of air navigation, which recommenda- tion ought to have legislative ap- proval. I recommended the enactment of legislation establishing a bureau of aeronautics in the Navy Depart- ment to centralize the control of naval activities in aeronautics, and removing the restrictions on the personnel detailed to aviation in the Navy. The Army air service should be continued as a co-ordinate com- batant of the Army, and its exist- ing organization utilized in co-- operation with other agencies of the government in the establishment of national transcontinental airways, and in co-operation with the states in the establishment of local air- dromes and landing flelds. Gratitude for Seidiers. The American people expect Con- gress unfailingly to voice the grati- tude of the republic in a generous and practical way to its defenders in the world war,- who, need the supporting arm of the government. Our very immediate concern is for the crippled soldiers and those deeply needing the helping hand of govern- ment. Conscious of the generous intent of Congress, and the public concern for the crippled and de- pendent, 1 invited the services of a volunteer committee to inquire into the admission of the bureau of war risk insurance, the Federal Board for Vocational Training and other agencies of government in caring for the ex-soldiers, sailors and marines of the world war. This committee promptly report- ed the chief difficulty to be the imperfect organization of govern- mental effort, the same lack of co- ordination which hinders govérn- ment efficiency in many under- takings, less noticed because the need for prompt service is less ap- pealing. The committee has recommended, and 1 convey the recommendations to you with cordial approval, that all government agencies looking to the welfare of the ex-service men should be placed under one directing head, so that the wel- fare of these dieabled saviors of our civilization and freedom may have the most efficient direction. It may be well to make such an officiel the director general of service to war veterans, and place under his direction’ all hospitali- szation, vocational training, war in- surange, rehabilitation and all pensions. The immediate extension and utilization of the government's hospital facilities in Army and Navy will bring relief to the acute conditions most complained of, and the hospital building program may be worked out to meet the needs likely to he urgent at the time of possible completion. The whole program requires the most thoughtful attention of Con- gress, fop we are embarking on the performance of a sacred obliga- tion which involves the expendi- ture of billions in the half cen- tury before us. Congress must per- fect the policy of generous grat- itude, and conscientious adminis- tration must stamp qut abuses in the very beginning. We must strengthen rather than weaken the moral fiber of. the beneficlaries, and humanize, all efforts so that rehabilitation shall be attended by respiritualization. During the recent ‘political cau- vass the proposal was made that a department of public; welfare whould. be areated. It was indorsed and commended so strongly that I venture “to call it to your atten- $5.95 $5.95 Seiting, 1 and O B N l & ga=s tion and to suggest favorable leg- islative consideration. Government's obligation affirm- atively to encourage development of the highest and most efficient type of citizenship is modernly acoepted, almost universally. Gov- ernment rests upon the body of citizenship; it cunnot maintain it- self on a level that keeps it out of touch and understanding with the community it serves. En- lightened governments everywhere recognize this and are giving their recognition effect in policies and programs. Certainly no gov- ernment is more desirous than our OWn to reflect the human attitude, the purpose of making better citi- zens — physically. intellectually, spiritually. To this end I am con- vinced that such a department in the government would be of real value. It could be made to crystal- lize much of rather vague general- ization about social justice into solid aacomplishment. Events of recent years have profoundly im- pressed thinking people with the need to recognize new social forces and evolutions, to equip our ditizens for dealing rightly with problems of life and social order. Range of Activities. In the realms of education, pub- lic health, sanitation, conditions of workers in industry, child wel- fare, proper amusement aml recre- ation, the elimination of social vice, and many other subjects, the government has already under- taken a. considerable range of ac- tivities. I assume the maternity bill, already strongly approved, will be enacted promptly, thus adding to our manifestation of human interest. But these under- takings have been scattered through many departments and bureaus without co-ordination and with much overlapping of func- tions, which fritters energies and magnifies the cost. Many subjects of the greatest importance are handled by bureaus within gov- ernment departments which logic- ally have no apparent relation to them. Other subjects which might well have the earnest considera- tion of federal authority have been neglected or inadequately provided for. To bring these vari- ous activities together in a single department, where the whole fleld could be surveyed, and where their inter-relationships could be properly appraised, would make for increased effectiveness, econ- omy and intelligence of direotion. In creating such a department it should be made plain that there i8 no purpose to invade flelds which the states have occupied. In respect of education, for ex- ample, control and administration have rested with the states, yet the federal government has always aided them. National appropria- tions in aid of educational pur- poses the last fiscal year were no less than $65,000,000. There need be no fear of undue centralization or of creating a federal bu- reaucracy to dominate affairs bet- ter to be left in state control. We must, of course, avoid overlapping the activities by the several states, and we must ever resist the grow- ing demand on the federal Treas- ury for the performance of “serv- ice for which the state is obligated to its citizenship. Race Question. Somewhat related to the forego- ing human problems is the race question. Congress ought to wipe the stain of barbaric lynching from the banners of a free and orderly, representative democracy. We face the fact that many millions of people of African descent are num- bered among our population, and that in a number of states they constitute a yery large proportion of the total population. It is un- necessary to recount the difficul- ties incident to this condition, nor to emphasize the fact that it is a condition which cannot be removed. There has been suggestion. how- ever, that some of its difficulties might be ameliorated by a humane and enlightened conmsideration of it, a study of its many aspects, and an effort to formulate, if not a policy, at least a national attitude of mind calculated to bring about the most sgiisfactory possible ad- justment of relations between the races, and of each race to the na- tional life. One proposal creation of a commission, embrac- ing representatives of both races, to study and report on the entire subject. 'The proposal has real merit. T am convinced that in Baak Ends F Tuit Sets is the, @u[m Mhartin @ 1215F $T. and 1212401218 G ST. Washington’s Gift Store D:splaymg Many Exclusive and Moderate-Priced Novelties 'Decorated Wicker Trays mutual tolerance, understanding, charity. recognition of the inter- dependence of the races and the maintenance of the rights of citi- zenship lies the road to righteous adjustment. Army and Navy Bills. It is needless to call your atten- tion to the unfinished business in- berited from the preceding Con- gress. The appropriation bills for Army and Navy will have your early consideration. Neither branch of the govern- ment can be unmindful of the call for reduced expenditure for these departments of our national de- fense. The government is in accord with the wish to eliminate the bur- dens of heavy armament. The United States ever will be in har- mony with such a movement to- ward the higher attainments of peace. But we shall not entirely discard our agencies for defense until there is removed the need to defend. We are ready to co-oper- ate with other nations to approxi- mate disarmament, but merest prudence forbids that we disarm alone, The naval program which had its beginning in what seemed the highest assurances of peace can carry no threat after the latest proof of our national unselfishness. The reasonable limitation of per- sonnel may be combined with economies of administration to lift the burdens of excessive outlay. The War Department is reducing the personnel of the Army from the maximum provided by law in June, 1920, to the minimum direct- ed by Congress in a subsequent enactment. When further reduc- tion is compatible with national security it may well have the sanction of Congress, so that a system of voluntary military train- ing may offer to our young man- hood the advantages of physical development, discipline and com- mitment to service, and constitute the Army reserve in return for the training. Nearly two and a half years ago the world war came to an end, and yet we find ourselves today in the technical states of war, though ac- tually at peace, while Europe is at technical peace, far from tran- quillity and little progressed to- ‘ward the hoped-for restoration. It ill becomes us to express im- patience that the European bel- ligerents are not yet in full agree- ment, when we ourselves have been unable to bring constituted author- ity into accord in our own relations to the formally proclaimed peace. Take No Part in League. Little avails in reciting the causes of delay in Europe or our own failure to agree. But there is no longer excuse for uncertain- ties respecting some phases of our foreign relationship. In the exist- ing league of nations, world-gov- erning with its superpowers. this republic will have no part. There can be no misinterpretation, and there will be no betrayal of the deliberate expression of the Amer- ican people in the recent election, and, settled in our decision for our- selves, it is only fair to say to the world in general, and to our asso- ciates in war in particular, that the league covenant can have no sanction by us. The atm to gssociate nations to prevent war, preserve peace and promote civilization our people most cordially applauded. We yearned for this new instrument of justice, but we can have no part in a committal to an agency of force in unknown contingencies; Wwe can recognize no super-author- ity. Manifestly the highest purpose of the league of nations was de- feated in linking it with the treaty of peace and making it the enforcing agenay of the victors of the war. International association for permanent peace must be con- oeived solely as an instrumental- ity of justice, unassociated with the passions of yesterday, and not 80 constituted as to attempt the dual functions of a political in- atruntent of the conquerors and of an agency of peace. There can be no prosperity for the funda- mental purposes sought to be achieved by any such assodiation #o long as it is an organ of any particular treaty, or committed to the attainment of the special aims of any nation or group of nations. American Aspiration. The American aspiration, in- deed. the world aspiration, was an Fruit Baskets Candlesticks association of nations, based upon the application of Jjustice and right, binding us in conferemce and co-operation for the preven- tion of war and pointing the way to a higher civilization and inter- national fraternity in which all the world might share. In reject- ing the league covenant and ut- tering that rejection to our own people, and to the world, we make no surreader of our hope and sim for an assodtation to promote peace in which we would most heartily join. We wish it to be conceived in peace and dedicated to peace, and will relinquish no effort to bring the nations of the world into such fellowship, not in the sur- render of national sovereignty but rejoicing in a nobler exercise of it in the advancement of human ao- tivities, amid the compensations of peaseful achievement. FPeace With Germany, In the national referendum to which I have adverted we pledged our efforts toward such associa- tion, and the pledge will be faith- fully kept. In the plight of policy and performance we told the American people we meant to seek an early establishment of peace. The United States alone among the allied and associated powers continues in a ‘technical state of war against the central powers of Europe. This anoma- lous condition ought not to be permitted to continue. To estab- lish the state of techmical peace without further delay, I should approve a declaratory resolution by Congress to that effect, with the qualifications essential to pro- tect all our rights. Such action ‘would be the simplest keeping of faith with ourselves, and could in no seuse be construed as a deser- tion of those with whom we shared our sacrifices in war, for these powers are already at peace. Such a resolution should under- take to do no more than thus to declare the state of peace, Which all America craves. It must add no difficulty in effecting, with just reparations, the restoration for which all Europe yearns, and upon which the world's recovery must be founded. Neither former enemy nor ally can mistake Amer- ica’s position, because our atti- tude as to responsibility for the war and the necessity for just reparations already has had for- mal and very earnest expression. Unwise to State Policy. It would be unwise to undertake to make a statement of future policy with respect to European affairs in such a declaration of a state of peace. In correcting the failure of the executive, in nego- tiating the most important treaty in the history of the nation, to recognize the constitutional pow- ers of the Senate we would go to the other extreme, equally ob- Jectionable, if Congress or the Senate should assume the function of the executive. duty is the preservation of the constituted powers of each. and the promotion of the spirit of co- operation so essential to our com- mon welfare. It would be idle to declare for separate treaties of peace with the central powers on the assumption that these alone would be adequate, bécause the situation is so involved that our peace engagements can not ignore the old world relationship and the settlements already effected, nor is it desirable to do o in preserving our own rights and centracting our fature relationships. ‘The wiser course would seem to be the acceptance of the confirmation of our rights and interests as already provided and to engage under the existing treaty, assuming of course, that this can be satisfactorily accom- plished by such explicit reservations and modifications as will secure our absolute freedom from inadvisable commitments and safeguard all our essential interests. Neither Congress nor the peoplg needs my assurance that a request to negotiate needed treaties of peace ‘would be as superfluous and unneces. sary as it is technically ineffective, and I know in my own heart there is none who would wish to embar- rass the executive in the perfor- mance of his duty when we are all so eager to turn disappointment ard Our highest . l delay into gratifying accomphish- ment. Feoreiznm Problems. Problems relating to our foreign relations bear upon the present and the future, asd are of such a nature that the all-important future must be deliberately comgidersd, with greater concern than mere immediate relief from unhappy condftions. We have witnessed. yea, wWe have par- ticipated in the supremely tragic episode of war, but our deeper o cern is in the continuiag life of n. tions and the develaggmmat of civi- lization. E We must not allow ouwvision to be impaired by the contlict am: ourselves. The weariness at home and the disappointment to th world have been compensated in the proof that this republic will surrender none of the heritage of Dationality, but our rights in in- ternational relationship have to be asserted; they require establish- ment in compacts of amity: our part in readjustment and restora- tion cannot be ignored, and must be defined. League Deinitely Rejeeted. With the supergoverning leas definitely rejected and with the world so informed, and with the status of peace proclaimed at hon we may proceed to n covenanted relationship: tial to the re of all the rights everywhere of our own na- tion and play our full part in join- ing the proples of the world in ti pursuits of peace once more. Our obligations in effecting Huropean tranquility, because of war's in- volvements, are not less impelling than our part in the war itself. This vestoration must be wrought before the human procession can &0 onward again. We can be help- ful because we are moved by no hatreds and harbor no fears. Help- fulness does not mean entangl ment, and participation in ate eco- nomic adjustments does not mean commit- us, sponsorship for treaty ments which do not concern and in which we will have no pa WIill Ask Senate Adviee. In an all-impelling wish to do the most and best for our own republic and maintain its high place among nations, and at the same time make the fullest aoffering of justice to them, I shall invite in the most prac- tical way the advice of the Senate, after acquainting it with all the con- « ditions to be met and obligations to be discharged, along with our own rights to be safeguarded. Prudence in making the program and confident co-operation in making it effective cannot lead us far astray. We can render no effective service to hu- manity until we prove anew our own capacity for co-operation in the co- ordination of powers contemplated in the Constitution, and mo cove- nants which ignore our associations in the war can be made for the fu- ture. More, no helpful society of na- tions can be founded on justice. and committed to peace until the cove- nants re-establishing peace are seul- ed by the nations which were at war. _To such accompligshment—16 the com- plete re-establishment of peace andits contrasted relationships, to the reali- zation of our aspirations for nations associated for world helptulness with- out world government, for world sta- bility on which humanity’s hopes are founded—we shall address ourselves, fully mindful of the high privilege and the paramount duty of the Usited States in this eritical period of the world. —_— R. E. BIRD TAKES SEAT. Richard E. 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