Evening Star Newspaper, August 27, 1898, Page 19

THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, AUGUST 27, 1898-24 PAGES, 19 PLA NO VALPA RAISO CHILEAN YANKEE-DOM Odd Features of the Longest and Slimmest Land in the World. UL RICHES OF CHILE — THE WONDERF Valparaiso is the New York of the Southern Pacific. es WHAT WE SELL AND BUY ndence of The Evening St: Special Corr 1 ted, 1898, by Frank G. Carpenter.) VALPARAISO, Chile, July , 1898. | ARAISO IS} ALP the New York of Pa- ific South Americ It is the chief sea- « port south of San jf Francisco, and it Is }/, by far the besi busi- (, ness point on the ‘4 west coast of this Y continent. It has a population of 125,000, but it does a busi- n equal to any American city of twice that size. The the one hundr and odd which constitut Chife’s ¢ is controlled here, and up of business blocks those of a European sr on this coast. Val- situated. It has a bay of a half moon which is large enough t at the ships of the world. Around this bey there is an amphitheater of great whi most straight up from the edge of the water and which forms the site of the city. The business section, in fact, is Duilt upon ground redeem- a, and there are millions of th of property new standing where a generation ago there was nothing but water. The wharves of Valparaiso are walled with stone and iron rails to keep back the water, and the reclaimed land is such that there are three or four business streets which run about the bay between the water and the foot of the hills. Com- ing into the harbor you find yourself sur- rounded by shipping. More than a thou- sand sailings are made to and from this port every , and you look at the city | through the smoke stacks of steamers and a thicket of the bare masts of sailing ves- sels. The hills in front of you are so steep that you wonder how the houses can stand | upon them, and you see that they rise in| terraces, house above house and street above street, until the buildings at the top | hang out and seem about to fall upon those | below. Here and there you see a break in hills of the amphitheater, and at a| aber of points cable roads are crawling | steep inclines. An English-German City. Landing at the wharves you are surpris2d to fin nearly every business man you nglish, and you soon find sh end Germans monopolize kind called double deckers, with seats on the reof as well as below. The rates are very cheap, being 5 cents in this money, or about 1.8 cents American. The pretty conductors wear sailor hats, and over their dark dresses white aprons, in the pockets of which they put their money and tickets. There are similar conductors cn the tram- ways of Iquique. While riding upon the cars there I noticed that men inspectors often came in and counted the passengers, in order to see that the girls were not “knocking down” fares, and I was told that the conductresses had nicknamed these inspectors “Judases.” American Commerce in Chile. The foreign commerce of this country annually amounts to from one hundred millions to one hundred and twenty-five millions of gold dollars a year, and of this our exports and imports do not often often exceed five million dollars. Within the past few years our trade has been steadily increasing, and today we are sending many different kinds of machinery, cotton goods, lard, kerosene, railroad locomotives and small amounts of hundreds of other things to Chile. Quite a lot of our agricultural machinery has been introin2zed. The most | of the ChHean newspapers are now printed from Arrerican type on paper from the United States, and 1 see from the trade mark that the stamps ond postal cards are made by an American bank note company. Nearly all the flour bags of Chile are made from cotton manufactured in New Ene- land. I see about here steal wind imills find their importing houses in every Central American city. The most of the business of the Isthmus of Panama is done by the Eng- lish, French and Germans. There is at Pan- ama an American banking establishment, and the Panama railroad, while owned by the French, is still managed by Americans. In Ecuador I found a large colony of Germans, Italians and English. The chief business establishments of Guayaquil are in thelr hands. The native Peruvians haye long since sold their best properties out to the foreigners, and among others the Chinese wn millions of dollars’ worth of Peru- vian estates. The sugar plantations are chiefly in the hands of the English. The oil fields are owned by English and Italians. The railroads and the guano beds, as well as millions of acres of coffee lands in the interior of Peru, belong to the English syn- dicate, called the Peruvian Corporation, and the silyer and gold mines of that coun- try are owned to a large extent by for- eigners. The native Peruvian is either ashamed of trade or he does not know how to go about ft, and the stores of Lima are managed almost altogether by German, English, Italian, French and Chinese mer- chants. In Arequipa I found that the Ger- mans did the most of the trade, although there were several English and American mining companies which made this their headquarters. It was the same in La Paz, where there were about thirty American miners. Th English have a number of the best mining properties of Bolivia. They practically control Antofagasta, and Iquique is more English than Spanish. I have al- ready told you that more than $100,000,000 of English capital is invested in the Chilean nitrate fields, and other millions from the same source are working some of the mines. Southern Chile has a large colony of Germans, and there are English and German sheep farms in Patagonia. Both Santiago and Valparaiso are full of Ger- man firms. Many of the large estates here which are owned by natives are managed by foreigners, and this is so with nearly all of the mines and other large properties of the different countries. The railroads of Chile and Peru were built by English and American engineers, and the most of them are managed by Anglo-Saxons to- day. In short, the real work of South America as far as big things are concerned is now in the hands of foreigners, and even here in Chile the natives who are wealthy are chiefly so from the vast estates which they have inherited from their an- cestors. They own also valuable mines, but only the fewest of them are rich as a result of their individual efforts. The Yankees of South America. And still the Chileans are by far the most progressive people in South America. This is, in fa¢t, the only live country that I have so far visited in my travels on this continent. Colombia is a slice out of the middle ages, Ecuador has the same cus- toms that it had when the Spaniards owned it, and its people are three hundred years behind the times, The Peruvians are further advanced, but they have little A CHILEAN STREET CAR. which come from Chicago, and much of the electric machinery is of American make. At ptesent an American electric plant is being put in at Punta Arenas, the southernmost city of our hemispHfere, and stzel plates are being sent from Pittsburg to Valparaiso. There are now two or three large firms here which devote themselves to the importation and introduction. of American goods. One has an English branch as well as its New York house, and another handles nothing but Amer- ican goods. They have their agents and traveling salesmen all over Chile, and are anxious to push the sale of American manufactures. I doubt, how- ever, whether the Valted States can cver 1 Germany or England in this market. ly little of Chile, and witnout the increase in the beat sugar in- dustry creates a deman for nitrate in the United States the bulk of Chilean exports will continue to go to Europe. At present Chile sends about three-fourths of her ex- ports to Great Britain, but a large part of the business. The signs are European, and there are few Chilean names upon them. this is nitrate, which finally gets to Ger- many, and is used there in the raising of HARBOR OF VALPARAISO, CHILE. You pass book stores which keep only English books. There are scores of Eng- lishmen on the streets, and you see many pretty English and German girls shopping in the stores. The improvements are more like these of one of our cities than those of & South American town. plate glass windows, and the goods are as well displayed as in New York or Chicago. The streets are paved with Belgian blocks, and there are drays, cabs and carriages moving along them. Here and there you gee a vegetable peddler or a baker with his stock in panniers on the sidea of a mule, but the most of the trading and freighting fs done with carts. Valparaiso has cable connection with Europe and the United States. It has telegraphic lines which keep it in touch with all parts of Chile, and ‘The stores have | the sugar beet. We buy some nitrate and iodine and a little wool and hides. About balf of the Chilean imports come from Great Britain, the amount brought from that country in 1894 costing more than $20,000,000. Germany stands next, and, as I have said, the German imports have been steadily gaining. Of late, however, the German merchants here have been de- tected in a number of attempts at fraud on the customs, and their methods of trade are carefully watched. Germans Crowding Spaniards Out. South America is fast passing out of the hands of the Spanish-American natives. I mean as far as the valuable properties and business of all kinds are concerned. From its long-distance telephones reach Santiago and other points. The telegraph here is as cheap if not cheaper, than in any other country, and at my hotel I am able to tele- phone to the capital, Santiago, 100 mile: away, without extra charge. Pretty Girl Conductors. Valparaiso has a tramway system operat- ed by horse power, which might be profit- ably changed to one run by electricity, es- pecially so if some unscrupulous party should pursue the policy of a Spaniard who, if the story of his intentions is true, has made a good but rather tricky specula- tion in the Santiago street car lines. Tnese @re now run with horses, with very pretty girls as conductors, and they pay, I am told, a clear profit of more than $200,000 in gold a year. A short time ago the o!d charter of the company ran out, and the city wishing to have the system changed to that of electricity, gave the concession to this Spanish gentleman with the proviso that he deposit $200,000 in Chifein money, or about $70,000 gold, as a forfeit in case he @id not finish and eomplete the electric system within three years’ time. My in- formant tells me that the Spaniard has no intention cf attempting achange. He will Tun the roads as they are now, and at the end of the three years his profits will amount to 3600,000, so that he can <asily afford to lose the $70,000 forfeit. The street raflroads of Valparaiso are .till 1un with horses, and I should think that elecirie Toads would pay both here and in Santiago. Santiago ts a city of 250,000 people, and the cars are well patronized. They are of the the ccast of Lower California to Valpa- ralso there has been of recent years a great German commercial invasion, which has sbeen crowding out the English who had come before. The strongest foreign element in Central America today is the German. The Germans own the best of the coffee plantations of Guatemala,-and you mt snap in them, and as to the Bolivians, they are waiting for some other people to come in and gobble up themselves and their country. You notice the difference the mo- ment you step on Chilean soil. I was de- lighted with Antofagasta, although it is a town largely built of corrugated tron and driftwood. It had an air of business about it, and the spirit of get-up-and-get was abroad everywhere. When I asked one of the citizens whether I could post my let- ters without danger of the postal officials destroying them in order to steal the stamps, as I had been told was sometimes done by the clerks of the post offices of Bolivia, he replied, “Certainly you can. This 1s Chile.” He’ was right. Chile is a land of its own kind, and for South Amer- ica it Is very much up to date. It has its railroads, telegraphs and telephones, and its people have as much patriotism as we have. The Chilenos, as they call thern- selves, number about 3,000,000. They are, like the other peoples of the west coast, of Spanish descent and of the product of the union of the Spaniards and the In- dians; But the Spaniards who came to Chile were largely from the Bosque prov- irces of Spain. They were the best of the old Spaniards, and today about one-third of the population are their descendants. These constitute the ruling and wealthy classes of the Chileans. The other two- thirds are formed of the mixture of Span- ish and Indian blood. but the Indians in this case were far different from the Incas and other tribes further north. The In- Gians of Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia lack taanhood. The most of them have always been slaves and they are contented to re- main slaves today. They have no virile qualities whatever, and the mixed breeds which come from them partake of the same spirit, The chief trib» of Indians here {s the Araucanians. They are undoubtedly the strongest Indians of North and South America. It was long before they wer> subdued, and they caught and put to death Pedro Valdevia, one of Pizarro’s leuten- ants, who came south to conquer them. It was with these peopl> that the Spaniards united, and it 1s a question whether the masses of the Chileans of today get most of their strength from them or the Span- lards. The straucanlans are big-boned and muscular, and their women are especially well built, recalling the words of the old saw: her sons shall make laws for the people. There are still about fifty thousand of these pur? Araucanians who have settle- ments of their own in southern Chile. These I shall describe more fully after my travels in that part of the country. The re- nainder have be2n assimilated with the Spaniards, and they form to a large extent the working people and the rank and file of the Chilean army. The temperate climate of Chils has also had an influence in mak- ing the Chilenos stronger than the people of the semi-tropical lands of the north, Chile is 2,600 Miles Long. My voyage down the coast of Chile gave m2 some idea of the enormous length of the country. I spent five days in coming by steamer from the nitrate fields to Val- paraiso, and the German ship on which I shall sail within a few weeks for Tierra del Fuego will require nine days to rach Punta Arenas, on the Straits of Magellan. Chile is more like a long-drawn-out sau- sage or a worm than any other country of the world. The only land that compares with it Is Egypt, which drags its weary length for more than a thousand miles bo- tween deserts along the; valley of the Nile. Oldie begins in ert and continues in it for more than a,thoysand miles. Later on it bursts out into a green valley be- tween high mountains and ends in the grassy islands of the.southernmost part of this hemisphere. It is;nowhere over 200 miles wide, and in some places it ‘s not more than fifty, but it ts so long that if it were laid upon ths face of the United States, beginning at New York, it would make a wide trackiacrogs it to far beyond Salt Lake, and if it,could be stretched from south to north with Tierra del Fuego at the lowermost edge of Florida, its upp2r prov- inces would be found in Hudson bay almost even with the top.of Labrador. Chile is 2,600 miles long. It embraces all of the land between the tops of the Andes and tha Pacific ocean south of the River Sama, which divides it from Peru, and it has, in addition, most. of the islands about the Straits of Magellan. The question as to just where the boundary of Chile and the ‘Argentine Republic lies is one of dispute betw2en the two countries, and one which promises to bring about a war sooner or later. Just now the relations of the Chil- eans and the Argentines are strained al- most to breaking, and no one knows how soon war may result. Of this, however, I will write in tha future. When It's Chilly in Chile. A land of this kind must be one of many climates. It is now winter on this side of the equator, but I found it quite warm in the north, Here at Valparaiso one needs an overcoat when the sun ig not shining, and at the Straits of Mag2llan I am toid that the ground ts now covered with snow and that night begins at 4 o'clock in the afternoon. During my travels in western Peru and Bolivia weeks passed without a drop of rain. It never rains in northern Chile, and everything in the cities I there visited was as dry as Sahara. The greot question in most of the towns along the coast is where to get water to drink. At Moliendo, Peru, a little above the Chilean border, the water supply comes from the Andes near Arequipa through an iron pipe more than 100 miles long. At Tquique wa- ter is piped more than eighty miles, and Antofagasta gets its drinking water away up in the Andes 180 miles back from the coast. This Antofagasta aqueduct is, i be- lieve, the longest in the world. In coming from Bolivia down to the sea I visited the great reservoir within a stone's throw of a dead volcano down the sides of which this mountain water flows and rode on the cars for almost a day over a thirsty desert aleng the line of the aqueduct. At other ports I found them selling water. This is the case in many of the nitrate settlements. The steam from the engines of the nitrate factories is condensed and there are en- gines used solely for making drinkable water from that of the sea. As you sail from this desert region south you now and then pass valleys in which a little river from the Andes makes everything green, but it is not urtil you reach Valparaiso that the rainfall is heavy enough to cover the whole country with verdure. Further south of here the rains steadily increase until at a distance of 300 or 400 miles you come into a territory where the people facetiously say that it rains thirteen months 2very year. At Port Montt, in scuth Chile, the rainfall is 118 inches every twelve months and here it is only fifteen. In this part of the country and in the northern part of the central valley the climate is much like that of Southern Call- fornia. The skies are bright for at least eight months and during the remainder of the year ther are §nly wccasional showers. This region has, ingfact, an almost perfect climate, and this iso An ali of the prov- inces of north and $entfal Chile. es'wf Chile. ich comprises tue The Ric’ «ne long sausay land of Chile is full of exceilent meat. There are few countrigs of its area which have such wonderful: natural resources. I have written of the nitrate fields, which have already produced hundreds of mil- Mons-of dollars, and which have a supply which cannot be exhausted for a half cen- tury to come. A member of the Chilean congress Senor Roberto HEdwardson M2eks, with whom I talkéd fast night, tells me that there are deposits of guano near the nitrate beds which surpass those of the islands of Peru and’which aré worth thous- ands of millions of dollars. He says they lie several feet below the surface and that they are on the fiainland: All of north Chile ts full of minerals, In coming to Valparaiso I stopped at a number of ports which have copper ‘and silver smeiting works. At Antofagasta there is a smelter which is said to be the largest of the world. It is used to smelt the ores of only one mining company, and when I visited it I saw several acres covered with bricks of silver ore which had been ground to dust and put into this shape that they might be the more easily smelted. That is perhaps the most valuable brick yard on earth. At Iquique there is a smelter which belongs to an American, who has, I am told, some of the most valuable silver mines in South America. The ore is almost pure. The mines are so profitable that they have made him rich, and have, I am told, netted him so much that he bas laid aside three million pounds ($15,000,000) as a re- serve fund in the Bank of England. One of the chief copper ports of Chile is Coquimbo, a town of 7,000 people, lying on a beautiful bay about 190 miles north of Valparaiso. It is in the center of one of the richest copper deposits of the world. The metal is nearly pure, and some of the .mine owners tell me that there are almost inexhausfible quantities of it. Chile has already produced about four billion pounds of copper. In 1896 it shipped about fifty million pounds, but the most of this went to Europe, as we have all the copper we need of our own. From Coquimbo they are now exporting something like 1,000 tons of copper a month and several smelters are kept busy turning the ore into bars. Chile has also large deposits of iron, manganese, quicksilver and lead. There are a number of gold mines in the south, and much gold washing is done in the streams of Tierra del Fuego. There {s also gold in the north, and I am told that a large part of the mountains have not been well prospected, and that the mines so far developed have been worked after the most wasteful meth- ods, so that the waste ore on the dumps could be smelted with profit. As to the agricultural condition of the country, I will write after I have visited some of the great haciendas. The central valley, which Hes between the range of mountains that bor- ders the coast and the main range of the Andes, is 500 miles long, and it is divided up into vast estates, upon which all sorts of fruits and cereals are grown. Chile pro- duces more than 28,000,000 bushels of wheat a year, and she ships her products to the other countries of this part of the world by the thousands of tons. It has thous- ands of acres of vineyards and exports a great deal of wine. The.cattle consumed at most of the coast ports come from Chile, and the best horses to be found in South America are Chilean bred. FRANK G. CARPENTER. a Expression to Affection. From the Philadelphia ‘Times. It is such a happy-thing to be assured of love and devotion, —' half of us go through life believifig that those who care for us can guess j ‘how deep is our 2 >- Preciation of ten Ne out our prttig in so many words ji at we think and feel. I believe thaé we miss much that is heart-cheering just because of this. “If I had only known,” the burden of more than one regretful pefrain. However much of/severe our philosophy, none of us are ifferent to what is thought of us. Wéjlike to know that we have pleased the ple we have met. We like to know whe re have touched a re- sponsive chord in janother heart, and we are selfish, indeed, Jf we deprive our friends of their right to Know that we care for them. We are, I téar, becdming too afraid of being thought sentimental, but it is only the tenderest_and truest and best of men and women who are sentimental. ‘Those who have allowed the finer sensi- bilities to die-or become indifferent have not met the affairs“of life as brayely as they should, for the best that is in one should not suffer ‘through contact with tougher things. I like the old-fashioned sort of men and women, who keep love let- ters tled up in bunches and a faded flower or two. I believe the “new girl” has a great deal of sentiment. I am’ quite sure if she had not that there would be fewer souvenirs about her own little room. I think when the day comes that: she “falls in love” it will be with her whole heart, and for a lifetime, for you know I have told you that she is so honest that some people call her unconventional, is a long way from being The “new girl” a fashioaable victim of nervous prostration, and I kaow she always will be as long as FUTURE OF CUBA Military Occupation of the Island and Its Purpose. FOR PEACE AND NOT FOR CONQUEST Major General Fitzhugh Lee Talks on What May Happen. THE CUBANS WILL HELP See ee (Copyright, 1898, by the S. S. McClure Co.) JACKSONVILLE, Fla., August 24, 1898. In the Florida camps and cities the war is no longer discussed. The question of su- preme importance now concerns the plans for the reconstruction of Cuba. “What will be the political future of the island?” “How extensive 1s the military occupation to be?” and inquiries of similar import are the first to be put by every man who has returned from Cuba since the signing of the protocol. There is probably no other man in the country who can speak with so much au- thority or so interestingly on this subject as Major General Fitzhugh Lee. Since the probability of his appointment as military governor of Cuba during the period of American occupation became a well-defined certainty General Lee has maintained a dignified silence, refusing to talk for publi- cation. Before he was summoned to Wash- ington, however, while still in command of the 7th Army Corps in Jacksonville, he talked freely with The Star's correspond- ent in regard to the subject of Cuba's po- tical future, as he was then able to do in an unofficial capacity. From the tone of these utterances there is no doubt that General Lee understands and is in complete accord with the views of the administra- tion with regard to the treatment of the Cuban situation. General Lee said: “The rules and regulations prescribing the course to be followed on the Island of Cuba, now that the war is over, will be decided upon by the government of the United ‘States, but only so far as to em- brace a provisional control upon the part of the United States, pending the forma- tion of @ government which will have the approval ond consent of a majority of the voters of the island, as decreed and set forth. by their representatives assembled in legislative conference. From Spanish to Home Rule. “Without, of course, being able to fore- shadow the policy of the government of the United States, it may be said that dur- ing the transition state from Spanish to ‘home’ rule this government will insist upon peace and order everywhere, upon full security to human life and upon a strict maintenance of property rights of 1 classes and nationalities. In or effect that purpose it will be ne to have an armed occupation by the United States troops as a sort of constabulary, or, in other words, as a guarantee to the peo- ple who are now on the island and to those’ who may hereafter come that law and order and peace will be insisted upon in all’ portions of Cuba. “In taking this action the United States can scarcely be accused of an intention to interfere in any way, shape or form with the govewnment of the island, which it is perfectly willing to leave to the people themselves, provided the guarantees, as before stated, are satisfactory. “Whether Cuba will ultimately become a republic or later be merged into an Ameri- can colony, and later still possibly inte an American state, is a question for the fu- ture and for the people of the island to determine. By proving to the Spanish sol- diers and residents who elect to remain there and to Spanish merchants and prop- erty holders and others that a safe and suitable government will be assured them, and that their rights will be respected in every particular as strictly as the rights of all other classes of citizens, it is to be hoped that their assistance may be obtain- ed, with that of the conservative Cubans and Americans, in forming a government which will be sufficient for all purposes and which will remain as formed until those interested, under forms of law, shall pro- ceed to change it. “The solution of the problem of establish- ing a fair and stable government in Cuba does not present any insurmountable difli- culties. It is almost certain that the in- terests of the people from the United States and other countries who are in Cuba now or who settle there in the future will be- come too great to be exposed to revolu- tionary riots. even should there be found an element disposed to them. The Span- jards and the foreign-born inhabitants of the island will undoubtedly realize that it is to their advantage to work in harmony with the conservative and law-abiding por- tion of the natives for the strict observance of the rights of all. A Good Training Schooi. “It is difficult to say how many Ameri- can troops will be required for the occupa- tion of Cuba during the od pending the organization of a stable and efficient local government. The number should be sulffi- cient to inspire confidence in the complete preservation of order, so that capital and enterprise will not he afraid to iuvade the island and do their part in the work of its restoration to peaceful prosperity. The ange will no doubt be gradual, the United States troops taking the place of the Spanish soldiery as fast as the latter are withdrawn from the various gurrisons As the mission of the Americans 1s to pre- serve order and not to wage war, it will scarcely be necessary to move them into Cuba in numbers equal to those of the re- tiring Spaniards. It may scem wise, how- ever, to the government of the United States to take advantage of this opportun- ity to give some of the volunteer soldiers who did not have the opportunity to par- ticipate in the active hostilities a chance to secure a somewhat more thorough military training than they have thus far obtained. This consideration may léad to the employ- ment of a larger body of men than would otherwise be used, and to the taking of some of the newer volunteer regiments for this service. t is not conceivable that the native in- habitants of Cuba wiil receive the troops of the United States in any unfriendly or hos- tile spirit. They must realize that it is to the arms of the United States that they owe their speedy deliverance from Spanish rule, that the misssion of the United States in ine island is not one of conquest, but of friendly concern for the establishment of order, and that it is to their advantage, as well as to that of the other residents of the isiand, to make the task as light as possible. nxious and Willing to Help. “An encouraging factor in the problem of Cuba’s political future is presented by the attitude of the provisional government, as explained by their representatives in this country and by the emissary who has just come from their headquarters in Cuba. From this it appears that those who now control the administration of civil affairs in the island are willing and anxious: to assist to the fullest extent of their power in bringing about the establishment of a suit- able and satisfactory government. It seems to be no part of their plan to seize the reins of government or even to hold the authority that has already been intrusted to them, as was attempted in the case of some of the South American countries on the achievement of their independence. On the contrary, the terms under which the present civil administration exists and which it has declared its intention of re- specting, provide for the calling of an as- ~embly representing as nearly as possible all classes in Cuba, and to turn over to this assembly their present authority and leave to it the task of constructing a new go to develop her rich resources and to gain a start on the high road to prosperity; peace guaranteed by every safeguard which her own people and the people who ave finally achieved her independence can provide.” Severe MISS DEWEY’S THIRST, Who Knows the Symptoms Helps Her Out. The attendant at the Zoo hed just fin- ished serv: a luncheon of raw beef to the reat horned owls, and with a side swipe of his broom at the red-tailed hawk, who had been an interestsd Spectator to the performance, sat down on the rail, mopped his forehead and remarked: “It ain't the best job in the world, this; but, of course, a man don’t want to quarrel with his bread and butter. Ever sinc? I was a kid and eloped with a one-ring cir- cus from a little town out in Indiana, where I was raised, I've been mixed up with animals in one way or another, and from oiling an elephant to playing nurs> for a troupe of performing mice, I've play- ed the whole string out. And I want to say that animals is smart, and I've cried nany a time when some of my outfit have died, but most of these phenom’s you read about in the papers is either good fakes or else can’t make good. “You see, the whole thing in training animals these days seems to be to make them act like humans, and not first-class, good-mann2red humans at that. If an ele- phant can sit at a table, with a napkin stuck under his chin, and drink phony brandy from a bottle, and then raise Cain because he don’t get another bottle quick enough, people call that smart and clever, and it makes a good drawing cari at a circus. Now, from what I knows of eti- quette, non? of them things is right—from tucking a napkin under your chin to hitting the bottle too heavy. If they would only improve a little on nature with animals, like making an elephent lift heavy weights or tear up trees by the roots, or make =iks and deer run and jump, and that sort of a game, why it would be all right. “You see that little bear over there try- ing to tie a knot in that chain,” and the attendant pointed to what s:emed to be an animated length of black wool, all feet, legs and head. “Now, that’s a smart little bear all right, but she’s suffering from too much advertising. That's the celebrated Miss Dewey, which Tim Murphy, the actor's wife, Dorothy Sherrod, gave to the Zoo not leng ago. She's about six months ola, I reckon, and’s as gentle as a pup, but she can’t do no stunts. Yet she was ad- vertised as being so like a human that she eculdn’t be dragg2d past a department store where shirt wi were mar down from a dollar to sixty-nine cents, and that her passion for riding in hansom cabs was so strong that she couldn't bear to see one pass without jumping in, and as for miss- ing her afternoon stroll on the boulevard, why, she would hav? cried herself sick. “But that don’t do no harm generally, and it seems to please the pec second day after she was here I her feed over to har, when I noticed that she was playing with a brown bottle. I took it away, for she might have broken i and cut herself, and found that the con- -class article of Manhattan cocktail. humans, but it ain’t j and so it wasn’t wasted, but put proper use. I found another like next day and stiil another on the t Now, that stuff’s mighty good for t right for critte to it the ine and find out w Along about 2 o' fat man with watery cyes and a a radish come down the to where that little bear is t toward her and produc?s oni tles, which he hands to her and s “‘Miss Dewey, old girl, I'm I heard abovt that thirst for cocktails y: had developed up there in New York, a when they tries to put you down he: a cold-water di2t, I says, says I, no you don’t. I know what it is myself, Miss Dewey, and you ain't going to suffer as long as I've got the price. I brought you a glass today, though maybe you prefer yours out of the bottle. I do, Here's at you,’ and he produces a mate to the bottle he gave the bear and took a long pull. “Now, that sort of business don’t hurt, but I want to say that Miss Dewey ain’t going to take no cab rides, ain't nursing any doll babies, nor going to bargain sales, but all those who want to bring her cock: tails in a bottle has my consent. So lon: and the attendant moved off to give “Gold- dust” half a bale of hay as a Nght lunch- ecn. eae Our Opinion Exactly. From Harper's Bazar. An artist who has just finished a visit to this country is quoted as saying that we do not, as a people, do justice to the beauty and refinement of our great middle classes, especially in matters pertaining to the dres: and deportment of the women. “S he exclaimed, “at the side door of any one of your large industrial establishments on some Saturday morning in June, and watch the outrush of the working force. The girls will not be only well formed and well groomed, so to speak, but many of them will have an air of distinction which the tl cughtless fancy must only belong to good blood and breeding. Their costumes, of course, are such as come within their means, and it is just here that their good taste is shown. Give an American girl a straw hat and a shirt waist, with necktie and belt to match, and she steps out on the sidewalk as fresh, as comely and as well dressed as her more favored siscers, and what is more remarkabie, in intini bet- ter taste than any other working girl of her class in any quarter of the giobe of ch I know anything.” The French girl, he further maintained, the ye in her working Gress, omber—a black bomba- ow shoes and black stockings, some- n€s an apron, and less often a bonnet— hile the Germans and English and Ital ans kept their best clothes for Sunday outings and holidays. But the eff claimed, was more often one of ove than of neatness and appropriateness. It may be with us that the great depart- ment stores, who cater for the patronage of this great middle class, are more or less responsible for the good appearance of these girls, and incidentally for this art- ist's outburst of praise. When hats and shirt waists can be bought for a fraction of a dollar, with hundreds of patterns ind colors to choose from, it is perhaps not to be wondered at that ovr youag women have won for themselves 80 enviable a reputation. _————— Dromedaries Smoke Tobacco. From the Pittsburg Dispatch, < Dromedaries are said to be particularly fond of tobacco smoke, and can be made to do almost anything while under its in- fiuance, Travelers, it is asserted, rely more on their tobacco smoke for their control over these huge beasts than anything else. When traveling on long journeys the drom- edaries are in many cases requir2d to travel night and day without rest, and they are kept _up to their task by smoking cigars. The driver carries a triangular piece of wood, which is pierced at one point like a cigarhold2r. This is inserzed in the mouth of the animal, the cigar being Mt and pressed into the hole. The arome- dary closes its eyes and puffs away through its nostrils until the cigar is burned away. ‘The indulgence appears to rafresh it, and the keeper has no difficulty in persuading the animal to plod on without further rest. a 8 ONE LOST CHANCE How the United States Might Have Annexed Canada. APPEAL MADE 70 PRESIDENT GRANT Rupert's Land and the Northwest Sent a Representative. THE PLAN REJECTED Away back in the seventies an event oc- curred in our neighborhood to the north, it is claimed, which, had it been taken ad- vantage of, would have rendered unneces- sary the preseit convention at Quebec, and a large portion, if not eil of what is now the dominion of Canada, would be a part of the United States. It will be remembered that before the confederation of the provinces of Canada, they were entirely ate and independ- ent of one another, having no bond but their common allegiance to the mother sepa: Commi. joner O'Donoghue. country. When the late Sir John MacDon- ald and others proposed the confederatior of the provinces, some of them were avers: to the scheme, particularly those at a dis- tance. Indeed, British Columbia did not enter the confederation for some time after its formation, and Newfoundiand is stil! an independent colony. But, besides the organized provinces. there was the great then unknown terri. tory lying between Ontario and Bri Columbia, then named the Hudson Bay rit Rupert's Land. The seat of this if seat it might be called, was at Fort Garry, now Winnip in the province of Manitoba. It was peopled largely by Frencamen and French C; ian half- breeds, but contai quite a sprinkling of Scotch, Americans, few Germar In the negotiations pending confederation no notice was taken of these people, and when it was consemma John Mac- Donald sent a governor ointed by him- self as premier of the dominion, to Fort Garry to take charge of the territory. The would-be governor never reached for, before he arrived, the people wi in arms, and had organized a prov government, of which one Louis Riel w: president and W. B, O'Donoghue secretary of state. Theater of Activities. Fort Garry became at once a theater of activities, and attracted a number of ad- venturers from all quarters. The provision- al government at first affected to be thor- oughly loyal to the British government, and to only claim the right to govern itself and join or not join the confederation, as its people might decide. But it was soon bruited about that there was a strong an- nexation sentiment in the territory of which O'Donoghue was the head. Thc Engiish, Scotch and Germans were all Joyal to Great Britain, while the Americans and Irish were in favor of annexation, the French being divided, the conservatives, headed by Archbishop Tache, being for England, and a large number of Mberals for annexation to the United States. Pending these internal troubles in the territory, England sent out Colonel Wols- ley (now Sir Garnet, the commander-in- chief of the British army), and he, enter- ing the territory under a plea of friendship, arrested all the leaders who had not fled and abolished the provisional government The upshot of the matter was that an agreement was entered into by which the people around Fort Garry were to have a province of their own, now Manitoba. th: rest of the territory being organized under the confederation. The annexationists were neither dead nor disheartened, however. Commissioner O'Donoghue. As soon as Wolsley departed they or- ganized and deputed O'Donoghue, who had Irish, English and a th escaped to St. Paul, to wait on the Presi dent of the United States and ask annexa- tion of their proy in the name of its people. His commission read as follows: We, the undersigned, the representatives and other officers of the late provisional government of Rupert's Land and the Northwest, delegate Wm. B, O’Donoghuc to proceed to United States of America to seek their sympathy and aid in behalf of a small, weak people struggling for their rights and liberties and for their independ- ence. We have your sympathy. We beg you te aid us in any manner possible. Our forefathers have fought and bied for your independence. Consequently we have a claim on you not to be denied. “Frenchmen, Irishmen and Americans, in general a people of your own race and blood, never in the worst state of slavery, reach their hands to you for succor. Wil! you, can you refuse us that? No! As we desire to be independent, we equally desire to be one day one people with you, enjoy- ing the blessings of free and happy insti- tutions, as it is your happy lot to enjoy. “Signed this 3d day of October, 1870. “Francois Vorier Dauphines, Rev. Pere Simonet, O. M. Z.; J. B. Sourond, Louis Lacerte, Pierre Delorme, Pierre Poitias, F. H. Page dit Quintal, Raphael Bellefouili, Marcelle Roy, Nerbain Delorme, Norbert Deslauriers, Hugh F. Olono, Wm. Kenney, Henry Brousquet, A. H. Scott.” Proposition Not Favored. O'Donoghue proceeded to Washington and had an interview with President Grant and other government officials, but the Proposition was not well received and fell through. O”Donoghue subsequently at- tempted a raid from Minnesota into Mani- toba, but was arrested by the United States government. He died in Minnesota, where @ monument is erected to his memory. He claimed a large part of the site of the present city of Winnipeg, worth between $2,000,000 and $3,000,000, and partly on that account and partly because of his annexa- tion sentiments was the only one of the then leaders who was not pardoned. Riel, who was pardoned for his part in the affair of 1870, subsequently joined a