Evening Star Newspaper, December 16, 1897, Page 9

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NEW CENSUS CLERKS Their Inclusion in the Classified Service Favored. a SENATOR LODGE ON THE MERIT SYSTEM ee Saving in Expense and Increasing the Efficiency. DEBATE IN THE SENATE Civil service reform was debated in the Senate yesterday afternoon during the last hour and a half of the session of that body. This subject was brought into the debate through the consideration of the bill re- ported from th> committee on the census for the appointment of a director of the census and thirty-two employes, who should form the skeleton of an office force for the twelfth census. Mr. Lodge of Massachusetts. referred to the proposition of the committee to. strike out that section of the bill providing that census employes should be appointed through the civil service commission and to allow appointments to be made by the director after such examination as he may, with the approval of the Secretary of the Interior, prescribe. Assuults on the System. “I am quite aware,” said Mr. Lodge, “that just at this stage of existence it is not fashionable to say anything on behalf of the civil service system as it exists un- der the act of 1883. On the contrary, the fashion at present is to assail it on all possible occasions: but I have always been a friend of that system, and I do not think it is any less desirable now than I have considered it in past years. “Mr. Cleveland, at the close of his term, made an enormous extension of the classi- fied service. putting, I think, some 40,000 Places within the classification. Those places had all been filled without examina- tion—I think practically all—by members of Mr. Cleveland’s party, and then they were put under the civil service law and pro- tected to that extent against change. The result of that action is naturally to put a@ great strain upon the law when the op- posite party comes in immediately after the extension. “The present President of the United States. however, always a friend of the law, has adhered to it strictlyand_ has dealt with it at the beginning instead of at the end of his administration, as has been the practice of his predecessors, and in so doing I think he has shown both wisdom and courage. I do not propose to enter now into the general reasons which seem to me make the reformed system of the civil service very essential to good government. “The chief reasons which I have always found for this reform are the degradation which the patronage system brings to poli- ti the injury it causes to public life, and the enormous burden it puts upon public men, imposing duties which do not prop- erly belong to them and which impair their public usefuln All these are argu- ments with which every one who has con- sidered the subject is familiar, and I do not mean to dwell upon them’ now. Nor do I undertake to defend the merit s: as an ideal or absolutely perfect system. y few things of human manufacture, I think, are perfect. Certainly the reform stem of the civil service is not, and the argument which is usually made against it is apparently based on the idea that its de- fenders consider it absolutely perfect. Better Than the O14 System. “The real proposition in regard to the present system—the merit system, as it 1s called—is that it is a great deal better than the patronage system, and that to return to the patronage system would be a very retrograde movement. The real vice of the old system is the utter iresponsibility of ap- pointments. If the head of a bureau or of a department could select his own subor- dinates, there would be little or no need of competitive examinations or of any artifi- cial system to select them for him, bui as a matter of fact no head of a department or bureau does select his own subordinates, when it is left to him to do so, without civil service examination. They are selected for him by senators, by members of the House and by other persons not responsibie for the work of the bureau or the department. If the man responsible for the work of the bureau or the department selected his own subordinates, he would certainly select good ones, for his own credit and reputation would be bound up in the success of his administration. “But when they are forced upon him from outside, then we have the anomalous and injurious condition of one set of persons se- lecting subordinates and another being re- sponsible for their work. Into these gen- eral considerations, quite sufficient in them- selves to justify and more than justify the presert system, I shall not enter further. in the census bill I desire to place my ai gument purely on the ground of business, and show that it is a better and a cheaper method of administration—cheaper to the people and more economical in the expendi- ture of the people's money—to take the clerks and subordinates from the registers of the civil serv under such examina- tions as the director of the census may re- quest, than to have them appointed as the amendment propo which would result in making them subj of patronage.” Lodge then read from articles by ntendent Porter of the last census and his successor, Commissioner Wright, of the bureau of labor, to show the advantage of having appointments to places for the Work of the census made through the civil service commission. “We have on this point,” continued Mr. Lodge, “the direct testimony of the supe: intendent who carried on the last census, and of the head of the department of labor, who succeeded him, and in my judgment there is no escape from the figures’ they i Therefore the question is, whether we shall deliberately place that great work under this special provision, at an increased expenditure of many hundred thousand del- lars of the public money, in order that there shall be a few places here in Wash- tngton to which appointments can be made on the personal request of members of the House and the Senate. That is what it amounts to. It seems to me, in these days when economy in our public expenditures is so much preached, that here is a large economy which might well be made. The people have a right to demand a good cen- sus and that no money shall be wasted in multiplying political appointments. Great Waste of Time. “We have just had an example of the other system in regard to the National Library the Library of Congress, where the offices were carefully excluded from the civil service. I find that for the 10S offices within the gift of the librarian there were '2 applicants. They are given in full in @ paper which I shall submit, and I nave | Se S-D-PWAGEOSESAS IS ESAS HOSES ESE OES ES ESE SOE OSE SESE OH orly to add to it that 1 inquired of the librarian as to how much of his time was taken up with the matter of applicants for positions in the library. He said: “‘I have given from eight to fourteen howrs a day to the library business and very largely to applications for office. Oth- er work, such as writing my report and at- tending to a large correspondence, was dene at my home in the early morning or late in the evening.’ “In ether words, the time of the superin- tendent of this great library, which is housed now so appropriately and so well in the noble building on the other side cf the square. the time of the man in charge of that important work was given up to listening to applicants for these offices, petty offices for the most part, twenty eight for every place, and to trying to set- tle in that scramble who should have the places. “Mr. President, the duty of the superin- tendent to the people who pay him and put him in there and charge him with this great work was the moving of the books, organizing the library, drawing his report and giving his attention to that important department of the government, and not in deciding what applicants for places in the cloak rooms should be selected, or in listening to the appeals of various mem- bers of the House and senators and others who desired to get places for friends and constituents. “The moment such places are excluded from the civil service the only way my con- stituent or your constituent can get a posi- tion is by our going and trying to get it for them. We are obliged to do it—every one of us—and it is the same with mem- bers of the House. I had nearly 150 ap- plications for places in the library, all of which I was obliged to submit for the con- sideration of the superintendent. It seems to me it would have been a saving of the people’s money and a great saving of time to their officers if he could have taken per- sens for those clerical positions from the registers already prepared and open to him. Some of the principal places I know of my own knowledge have been filled by experts—most admirable choices—but I have heard complaint about some of the other small positions that they were not prop- erly filled, and I understand that the super- Intendent, almost in desperation, was forced at the last to fill them as rapidly as possible in order to be able to attend to the work with which he is charged. I do not make that statement on his au- thority. He never said anything about it to me. That {5 merely what I was told. If there is any truth in the statement, it is due to the system of which the superintend- ent was the victim.” z Mr. Gear remarked that it took the i- brarlan two menths to fill places in the library. Ability of the Appointees. “Ia view of the implication which the senator from Massachusetts hes made,” said Senator Allison, “that a portion of the library employes are not suited to their work, I think it ought to be stated that the librarian ir making his selections uniformly stated to those who avplied for places, as I was obliged to do, that he would select no one as respects the Hbrary who did not come with approved knowledge and expert experience in other libraries. So I do not think that as a rule his employes are un- suited to their work. I am not antagon- izing the senator from Massachusetts at this moment, but I think under the civil service we now ard then find an employe who is not exactly suited to the particular work which he is required to do, although he may have passed a very good examina- tion as respects the particular questions propounded to him. Mr. Lodge remarked that the criticism was not his own, but one he had heard others make. He said int reply to 2 tion by Mr. Gear that he thought the civil service commission better adapted to secure 00d employes for the census than would be got from appointments at_large. d Senator Hale, . from his mation which has come to him, that in taking the census the best force could be supplied to that work under the civil service rnles. I wish sk the senator where under the sun he got that idea?” . Lodge: “I have got that idea from statements cf Mr. Porter, the super- intendent of the last census, in the cur- rent number of the North American Re- view, in which he makes that proposition precisely as the one thing that is needed, and from Mr. Carroll D. Wright, the head of the department of labor, who proves by figures, beyond a doubt that it involves a much greater cose to carry on the census as it Is proposed and as ft was carried on the last time. So both he and Mr. Porter testify directly on that point, and that was what I introduced as proof.”” Mr. Hall had either the good or bad fortune to be chairman of the committee on the census which finished the work of 1889 and matured and completed the entire work of 180. The result of my observation is that the work of the census can be much better done, more cheaply done, brought to an end much more quickly without the interposition of the civil service. That is my experience, and it is my judgment.” Three Superintendentn Agrec. Mr. Lodge—“The statement of both the superintendents is the direct contrary, and I know that was also the opinion, as my colleague reminds me, of Gen. Walker. He stated to me, and I have heard him state it over and over again, that it would be an immense saving of time to take the census clerks from the civil service registers. Mr. Wright gives all the figures here and an analysis of all the expenses. All those three superintendents agree to a saving of time and a saving of expense.” Mr. Hale—“Mr. Wright had very little to do witn the great work of the census. I re- member very distinctly that when the work of the census of 1800 began a determined pressure was made by the civil service com- mission to put that entire work under the charge of the civil service commissioners. They appealed to the President. I was in constant communication with the superin- tendent then in charge, Mr. Porter, and neither he nor I believed that the work could be so well done under the civil ser- vice commission as outside of it. His en- tire attitude was in that direction. If he has written any letter since which contro- verts that position—” Mr. Lodge—“The letter is published in the North American Review.” Mr. Hale—“Whatever he has said is in en- tire antagonism with the position he took at that time: and President Harrison, who Was not unfavorable to civil service, after considerir.g the matter carefully and de- Uberately, decided that the work could be better done outside of the civil service Tules.”” The Senate wandered into a discussion of the customs service, after which Mr. Lodge came back to his argument. Most Efficient System. “I only desire to say in conclusion,” he said, “that the points I have brought for- ward have heen with a view of showing that you get a greater efficiency under the civil service system, and that you get a great relief to the heads of departments who are charged with the work. “T am quite familiar with the argument that business houses do not select their clerks and employes by competitive exami- nations. That is undoubtedly true. It is equally true that they do not select them on the recommendations of senators and representatives, however excellent those recommendations may be; neither do they discharge them on a change of administra- 15 Monthly Payments, The Home Reference Library, bound in cloth, sells all over the United States for $60.00. Our special price—while they last...................... The Home Reference Library $1.00 is the First Payment On the Famous HOM REFERENCE LIBRARY In Ten Massive Royal 8vo Volumes. $1.50 a month--books bound in cioth. $2.00 a month--books in half morocco. $2.50 a month Our special price—if you're quick ......................0e eee ee The Home Reference Library, bound in half morocco, sells everywhere else for $70. § 3 1 OO ae oe ee ° The Home Reference Library, in full sheep binding, sells the world over Our special holiday price................0.e seen eee YOU TAKE NO RISK. will be sent toryou on approval. Keep the entire set 10 da dissatisfied, return it and get the DOLLAR you have paid. But there is no such thing as being DIS- SATISFIED. This Library has been compiled to meet the requirements of progressive people—living in these closing years of the 19th century. 5,000 Pages---3,000 Illustrations---100,000 Subjects. *. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA .°. 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The Home Reference Library will NEVER be offered again at the present price—which is about the cost of PAPER and PRINTING. Subscribe TOMORROW—before it’s too late. THE PALAIS ROYAL, Book Department, Main Floor, _', .G and 11th Streets. PDEA AO EO EO FOES EDO OCHO EOE <PTEMBER. os Secures A Royal Holiday Gift=- Quick! SASSER HESS AOtOF tS n full sheep binding. $23.50 for and if oe OOS OOOO SS OOO bol a It is the It is an UNABRIDGED, Sn et Soe A. LISNER, a aa ae oes tion. We can not run the public business as private business, because It is public business and not private business. You will have to apply other methods to it, and competitive examination takes the of- fice out of politics and brings the conduct of government business as nearly as pos- sible to that of successful private busi- ness. “My whole contention is that the method now in vogue, the present system of the civil service, is a great deal better than ‘the old system. That there are defects in it, that there have been wrong classifica- tions, I am perfectly aware from the in- vestigations made by the committee on civil service, of which I am a member. Those errors can all be cured by an execu- tive order. There is no need to legislate on them. They should be left to the Presi- dent to deal with. “T believe also, in regard to the census, that the best opinion of the experts, with all the figures and detailed examination of expenses, which I shall print with my re- marks and to which I invite attention, point to the fact that it is in the interest of the public service to take the most of the routine offices out of the hands of the director, or rather not take them out of his hands, but let him select his subordi- nates from the eligible list and save him- self from the political pressure and the labor imposed by dispensing political pa- tronage.”” _—_-2-_____—_ COOK ON AN “AMERICAN HENLEY.” It Should Mean More Than a Lot ot Boats and Races. “Bob” Cook, the old Yale oarsman, who has coached the Yale crews since gradua- tion, and who was a prominent guest at the dinner to Mr. Lehmann last evening, recently said, regarding the movement for an American Henley: “New London bas the ideal climate, but the river ts not suited for a little aquatic garden party like Henley. There would be too great a distance between the beats and the onlookers, who must remain stationary along the banks, as observation trains could not be handled for an event of this kind as for a single ‘varsity race. Boats could not follow the races, because they would keep the stream continuously stirred up. I know of no other American course that is like the Schuylkill in this respect. “But as regards the practical side of such a regatta that Is a large question. In the first place, there 1s no close sccial relations between American boat clubs such as that which exists in England. Then, too, our clubs are widely separated, and this means heavy traveling “expenges to poor organiza- tions composed of men of, moderate means, who have neither time nJr money to spare for a week of boatitg! Finally, there is the question whether ars’ American Henley !s wanted. PersonallyI' do not believe the American people care enough about boat- ing to support such an event, and by this I mean to support it to the extent of mak- ing it a great national event, and at the same time a social success, and this is what is meant by Henley. There is no doubt it is quite possible to get a great number of boats together and have races, -but the event will net be a Henley. “A Henley might be started, but the be- ginning should spring from natural growth and a desire on the part of the contest- ants to compete with each other for the entertainment of their friends, and not with the idea of making it a spectacular event, but if the idea should widen and broaden under a more careful scrutiny, excluding everything of a_ professional character and confining the regatta strictly to the highest type of amateur contestants, it might then flavor strongly of an English Henley, and if such a regatta should once become established there is no saying what the limit would be. But while all these conjectures are possible, they do not seem probable, for there seems to be no demand for an American Heule; COACH LEH) DINED. The Well-Kuown English Oarsman Meets Yale and Harvard Graduates. A subscription dinner was given at the Metropolitan Club last evening in honor of Mr. R. C. Lehmann, the English coach of the Harvard oarsmen, and Mr. T. E. Phil- lips of Oxford, England. Every branch of the government service was represented at the dinner by the following-named guests, every one of whom is a Yale or Harvard man either by graduation or by honorary degree: Secretary Long, Mr. Justice Brew- er, Mr. Justice Brown, Assistant Secretary Reosevelt, Senator Lodge, Senator Wolcott, Senator Wetmore, Maj. Gen. Miles, Col. Bingham, Capt. Wood, Solicitor Generai Richards, Mr.Jonn Addison Porter, Kepre- sentative Simpkins, Representative Moody, Representative Foss, Representative Bull, Representative -Dalzell, _Kepresentative Fowler and Representative Littauer. The object of the banquet was to pay tribute to Mr. Lehmann and to the preser- vation of pure athletics in England and America. The idea of the banquet was cun- ceived by Mr. Roosevelt, assistant secre- tary of the navy; Mr. Porter and Capt. Wood, U. 8. A. Among the guests was Bob Cook, Yale's well-known coach. After dinner the Yale drinking song and “Harvard, Fair Har- vard,”” were sung in lieu of the regulation BASKET BALL. The Infantry and W. A. C. Win Their Games. The basket ball game between the Light Infantry and the Eastern: Athletic Chub Teams teams played at the Light Infantry ar- mory last night resulted im a victory for the soldier champions by a score of 2 to 1. The game drew one of the largest crowds of the season and the good plays of both sides and especially the splendid improve- ment in team work of the Eastern Athletic Club excited enthusiastic applause. The game was a fine exhibition of basket ball as it should be played, and both teams displayed a splendid system of team pas: ing and general play. The Easterns were saved in the last few minutes of play from a shutout by a difficult goal made by Dunn from a diflicult angle. The line-up: W. L. L—Waters, home goal; Lee, right forward; Chapman, left forwa J. Scbafhirt, right center; MeCabe an Hughes, center; Shreve, left center; E. Schafhirt, right back; Hooker, left back; Burnett, enemy’s goal. Eastern Athletic Club—Golger, home goal; Gates, right for- ward; Ellis, left forward; Dunn, right cen- ter; Gooding, center; Raab, left cente: Ockert, right back; Casey and Radford, left back; Caulifiéwer, enemy’s goal. Goals Burnett, 1; Shreve, 1; Dunn, 1. Umpire— Sydney Beber. Referee—E. Nor Time- keeper—J. Castell. Scorer—L. W. Taylor. The Fencibies and Washington Athletic Club put up a snappy game of basket bail at the gymnasium of the latter organiza- tion last night, the home team winning by a score of 7 to 3. The game attracted a large number of the members and friends ef the W. A. C., and the balcony of the gymnasium held an enthusiastic crowd that cheered all the good pla Thompson, left forward for the W. A. C., established a rec- crd by throwing seven goals, some of them Cifficult in the extrem The Ine-up: W. A. C.—Mackey, right for- ward; Thompson, left forward; Wild, cen- ter; Connors, right back; Coombs, left back. National Fencibles—Nottingham and Warrener, right forward; Magee, left for- ward; Rovenberg, center; Childers, right back; Crist and Rice, left back. Goals—Thompson, Magee, 1; Roven- berg, 1. Goal on foul—Rovenberg, 1. Um- pire—Mr. ae Walker. Scorer—Mr. M TO INVESTIGATE FORTMYER. Seeretary of the N. A. A. 0. Accused of Pernicious Activity. DETROIT, Mich., December 16.—William C. Jupp of this cjty, president of the Na- tional Association of Amateur Oarsmen, has appointed Julius D. Mahr, New Yor! Henry Whiting Garfield, Albany, N.Y., and Jas. R. Doyle, Boston, Mass., a committee to pass upon the charges of pernicious activ- ity preferred against Secretary Fred. R. Fortmeyer by the Schuylkill Navy in a series of resolutions adopted December 8. The Schuylkill Navy, in addition, asked the association to dispense with Fortmey- er’s services. De Armond Orating. H. H. Bingham, ‘Who is much in evidence on the floor of the House. Barrett (Mass.), ‘Who didn’t see Grosvenor’s little joke. ie Hyg SOW Ap Ase CHARACTERISTIC POSES OF CONGRESSMEN WHEN DEBATING ON THE FLOOR OF THE HOUSE. deeded deeded dedi ddebdbdbeb debe deeded deeded died diode bb tt htt eh E EEE Eee EEEEEEEEEEEEE EEE EE EEE EEE EEE EEE EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE EEE EE ELLE EEE EEE EEEEEEEE EEE EEEEEEE EEE Mertz’s. A Well Selected Present Is certainty a double pleasure to give. 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