Evening Star Newspaper, August 7, 1897, Page 19

THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, AUGUST into the bands of ether chiefs. Pipin, Shave Head and oar ae ee feng engaged in ie! , while = ed Neck stood idly'observing them. I was not “mire be steps Cooked Neck Shave Head roughly bythe shoulder, while he ordered him to Iéave the corral, claiming that the scout had.no fight to the Indian beef, but should look only to the military for his provisions. Shave Head was one of my most trusted scduts, absolutely fearless and usually quick to resent an insult, but in this instance hé merely cast a look of ccntempt on Crooked Neck, and then came quickly to me, wiitn he said, pointing to Crooked Neck: “That mian has ordered me away from the beef which the agent gave me. What shall I go?” 1 asked him if he was sure the agent gave him that beef, and he said, “Yes.” Then, said I, “I think you will be justified in toking it.” ys 4 »|TWO INDIAN DUELS Fought With Rifles and Each Result- ed in One Death. HOW THE SIOUX AVENGE INSULTS Trouble Grew Out of the Distribu- tion of Beef. Beginning Hostilities. “Very well,” said he, “I will take it, but you had better tell that man to keep away from me.” I told him that I had no au- thority over Crooked Neck. “Well, he must keep away from me,” he said, and re- turned to the beef. Crooked Neck again pusheé him violently away, when he gave utterance to that sav- age growl which can be likened only to the growl of an enraged bear, and started for the north side of the corral, where his wife stood holding his Winchester, which he snatched from her hands and climbed over the high fence. Crooked Neck left the cor- NO THOUGHT OF RETREATING Written Exclusively for The Evening Star. It was in 1872. The Indian agency at the mouth of Grand river, Dakota, known as the Grand river agency, had been moved forty miles up the Missouri to Standing Rock. During the three years that the agency was at Grand river a little cemetery had received the remains of about thirty white men, mostly soldiers, a few agency employes and two or three roving adven- JC PTVING MENMADEN ESEINES WITH STEAM DERRICKNET ITER TREATED Siar MENHADEN INDUSTRY. ral on the south side, after procuring a Winchester, and each turned toward the river and met on the west side of the cor- ral, where the agency wagon was backed up to the fence for the agency beef. A span of mules was attached to the wagon, and one of the employes sat on the seat holding the reins. The combatants first met with the rear end of the wagon be- tween ihem. The Indians, seeing’ that there was to be a duel, quickly fled to cover. Crooked Neck fired the first shot over the wagon. The driver, thinking that he was the object of attack, whipped up the mules, which left a clear field between the enraged warriors. An Exciting Battle. It is impossible for me to find words to describe the actions of these two In- dians facing each other in deadly conflict, but I will say this: No one can fully un- Gerstand the meaning of the word “agil- ity” without witnessing a like scene. They jumped to the right and left, swaying their bodies to and fro, ducking their heads, new down on one knee and again leaping high Into the air, their eyes all the time blazing defiance at each other. Crooked Neck fired the second shot without effect, and during the fraction of a second re- quired for him to throw another cartridge into the chamber of his rifle Shave Head, standing as still as a statue, fired his first shot, striking his enemy in the thigh and breaking the bone. He then resumed his turers, who had met death at or near the agency. About one-half of those who were laid to rest in the little graveyard had died of natural causes. The other half were victims of violence. Some died by the hand of lawless white men, a few died by their own hands, but by far the greater number were victims of the “westward march of empire,” and the direct cause of death was either an Indian bullet, arrow or knife. A detachment of about thirty men from the 17th United States Infantry, under command of a non-commissioned’ officer, had been stationed as guards over the lit- tle cemetery until the bodies could be re- moved to a permanent military post. In August arrangements for the removal of the bodies had been completed, and Cold Hand, an Indian scout, who was serving at old Fort Rice, was detailed to carry the order of removal to the non-commissioned officer in charge of the guard at Grand river. I was at Fort Rice when Cold Hand left with the dispatch, but he had been gone only about one hour when a steamboat, on its way down the river, landed at the Fort, and I took passage, reaching Grand river, seventy-five miles below, several hours ahead of the Indian scout, who delivered his orders some time after sunset, when he -was provided with food and lodging, and spent the night with the soldiers. a! UNC r i THE PATTRIN TRAIL| Has Been Follewed by the Gypsies for Many Centuries. _——— RACE 1S KNOWN THE WORLD OVER As Strong Today as It Ever Was in THE PATTRIN TRAIL. Newark and Elizabeth, N. J., in the woods by the boulevard. These Lovels are over sixty in number. At ore time they were suspected of having abducted Charley Ross; but the fair-haired boy found in their camp and suppcsed to be little Ross was proven a nephew of old Chivodine, and is now heir apparent to the chieftaincy. Chief Stan- ley’s big family yearly encamps on Crow Hill, Kings county, N. Y. In the suburbs of Denver, Colo., the gypsies ruled by Mrs. Carolina Smith meet annually,while branch- es of the royal Stanley family of Ohio en- camp near Dayton, Cincinnati and Cleve- land. he pattrin is the code of signs by which Ypsies tell each other the road to be fol- lowed. The word comes from the Sanscrit pattra, a leaf; and the commonest form of pattrin fs the scattering of little tufts of grass or tiny bundles of leaves along the “Beef Day.” ‘jumping till Crooked Neck fired again and the Past. route pursued. Straw, sticks, pebbles and| ‘phe following day was “beef day” Yor the | again missed. Shave Neck's serena anes crosses in the earth are also used. The t of Indians still at Grand river, | Drought his man down on his face. Quick- form of pattrin for night guidance is the }emnant 0: * | ly throwing another cartridge into place he placing of a small forked stick upward in | and to get their beef they had to cross to | was advancing teward the prostrate form MANY CURIOUS CUSTOMS | the ground, with a smaller stick poised in| the east side of the river. Cold Hand, | when friends of Crooked Neck came tor, =< the cleft to show the direction. Nowadays, | though a government scout, was a Hunkpa-| Wérd, extending their hands and crying ee ge however, the gypsies are getting so unro- out: “Enough! You have killed him. Let that suffice! But the scout angrily menaced them with his gun and they fell back, when he walked deliberately up to his fallen enemy and fired three shots into his head. Then still facing the crowd he retreated to the river, leaped into a boat and was rowed to the west side. Two hours later I found him, stripped of every pa Sioux, and as such was entitled to a share of all the rights of the Sioux under the treaty of 1868, though he seldom avail- ed himself of his rights. On this occasioa, however, being on the grcund, he determin- ed to present himself to the agent and de- mand his share of the beef. He according- ly went to the boat landing, whither I ac- companied him, and there we found a huge mantic that they do a great dea! of tele- graphing. Oddly enough, the great gypsy exchanges in the various cities are livery stables and pawnbrokers’ shops. The first fect is explicable when one recails the horse trading of the Romany; but the second calls for explanation. Gypsies are the pawnbrokers’ best customers. They buy lavishly all sorts of gold, silver and amber ‘Written for The Evenirg Star. HE GYPSY RACE shows no sign of ex- tinction. The Ro- Manys are as strong and as numerous to- vestige of military attire, preparing to ob- Gay as they have | and cowrie ornaments, and nearly all their | yawl already well filled with passengers— | orve 41% yraing cites ot purification. ever been. Gealing is done with the pawn shops. The | men, women and children—about ready to} “Affairs of this kind are not uncommon, Thus spoke Paul | S¥Psy woman has an oriental taste in jew-| pull for the opposite shore, where the| ana as far as I know never result in ex. Kester, playwright, | ©lTY, and every Romany-ch! possesses a | slaughter of beef was to take place. The | tended feuds. Sometimes, however, the shel *|bex full of trinkets, especially in silver, boat was manned by Indians, with an In- dian captain at the rudder. Cold Hand, who was crippled in the right knee by a bullet while defending the United States mail against an attack of hostile Indians in 1867, stepped down to the boat's prow and was about to go aboard, when the cap- tain of the boat's crew forbid him, claim- ing that there were already too many in the boat for safety. “If that is so," said Cold Hand, “come ashore and I will take your place. It is rot often that I take my share of the beef, but I purpose to take it today, and being lame it is fitting that I should be among the first on the ground.” All this was very reasonable and just, but the captain only jeered at his words ard ordered the oafsmen to pull from the shore. Quick as a flash the scout brought his Winchester to a ready and dared any man to move an oar. In an instant the boat was emptied of every passenger, warriors, squaws and papooses leaped over the sides into the river, some of them into deep water. Every oarsman deserted the boat, and only the captain remained. For a moment he sat, solitary and alone, his hand on the rudder. Then he arose with ail the dignity of insulted authority, and walking to the boat’s prow he stepped ashore, and as he passed Cold Hand he simply said: “You are not the only brave man in the Sioux nation.” ethnologist and stu- dent of the lives, habits and language of gypsies. “The gypsies,”_ he says, “came original- ly from Hindoostan. The migration of the Face occurred during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. The sobriquet ‘Egyp- tian’ which they assumed was, it is sup- posed, owing to their temporary sojourn in Egypt. The name Romany ethnologists derive from the Hindu rom, a man. Armed with protecting letters from one or more of the popes, they appeared in Germany; and thereafter swarmed over Europe. I cannot say when they first came to Ameri- ca, but certain it is that they were not long after the first white colonists. -Spain nt her Zineali to Mexico, while from France and England gypsy families crossed the Atlantic, in pursuance of their heredi- tary roaming instincts. “There are many thousands of them in the United States, and they permeate all branches of society. I know of an emi- nent and respected Episcopal clergyman in Boston who has Romany blood in his veins. victor pays damages te those who were dependent upon the man he has killed. E. H. ALLISON, amber and (inheritance from Hindu ances- tors) cowrie beads. The pawnbrokers keep in touch with the various caravans and at the sign of the three golden balls the Rom- any learns the waereabouts of relatives and friends. The Romany Religion. “It is difficult indeed to win the gypsy’s cenfiderce. He is distrustful of the Gorgio, or gentile, by whom he has been persecuted and whom in turn he has hated and preyed upon for ages. It took me four long years to break the ice with a single Romany fam- ily; but, once broken, the rest was easy. Very soon I had a good, colloquial knowl- edge of Romany. My friendship with the one family, and my acqvairtarce with the mystic pattrin code, proved adequate in- troductions to the gypsies everywhere. The American gypsy, as a rule, has no real re- ligion. Frequently he ostensibly follows seme faith, but he does it with his tongue in his cheek. Their word for God is Deva or Devel, from the Sanscrit deva, a deity: but the word has to them little or no sig- rificance. Broadly speaking, they are pa- gans. Yet superstition exists among them though they affect to sneer at the spells and incantations with which their trick- sters deceive the Gorgios. ‘Many curious customs prevail among —— STORIES OF PREACHERS. How Spurgeon Rose’ to the Head of His Class in School. From the Christian Work. .; London Truth is responsible for this story: A bishop of St. David’s confided to an old Welsh clergyman his difficulty in mastering the Welsh double L. The par- son replied: “Put the tip of your apostoli- cal tongue in the “roof of your episcopal mouth, my lord, gné then hiss like a gander.” ‘The late Charles H, Spurgeon distinguish- ed himself in school ‘by a continuous ses- sion on the “dunce bench” throughout one cold winter. The bench happened to be next to the stove. At last the teacher suspected “possum tactics” and had all the seats reversed, bringing the bench next to the door. Spurgeon at onse rose to the head of the class. A distinguished preacher of somewhat ar- Litrary manners was engaged to preach in Belgrovia and purchased a new hat for Once a year the old wandering fever comes is temporarily abandoned and s the pattrin trail or lounges con- tentedly among his kindred in the shade of the caravan tent. In many of our cities there are wealthy men and women, mil- called ‘society people,’ who chals (gypsy men), or Ro- many-chis (gypsy girls), and who cannot resist following the pattrin when summer time comes round. But, of course, the great majority of the race live-in their telling for- nd trading in horses for a living— south with the approach of winter, and returning northward when summer is at hand. A generation or two ago polyg- amy was practiced among them in isolated cases; but today it exists no longer. An American y has only one wife, and a very good busband he generally makes her. They are excellent fathers, too. In all my long experience I have never seen a Ro- father beat his offspring. Gypsy Rulers. “Since the death of Matilda Stanley II of Dayton, Ohio, a few years ago, the Amer- ican gypsies have had no generally recog- nized queen. This Matilda succeeded her caravans all the year round, tunes a many aunt of the same name (Matilda Stanley I, whose great funeral and the vast horde of psies that attended it will still be remem- red. The Irish-American and German- merican gypsies have rulers of their own. ere are 760 families of German-American manys, and their queen is Sophia Freyer, nomany chi of nearly eighty years. For many years old John Gorman was king of the Irish-American Romany. He was suc- ceeded by his wife, Queen Bridget, who in turn gave place to her son, Bartley Gor- man, the present king. King John Gorman and Queen Bridgetecame to New York from Ireland in the 40's, bringing with them their wagons. Since then they have roam- ei the country-over and multiplied greatly. ‘Their chief avocation is horse trading. Henry Palmer. a millionaire gypsy of San Francisco, who claimed to have succeeded Matilda Stanley II as sovereign of all the Romanys in America, died in 1894. His ant form and great wealth made him a miliar personage in California. “All the gypsy families have two names; that is, their Romany patronymic and its equivalent in the language of their adopt- ed country. Here, as in England, the prin- cipal families are the Lees,Stanleys,Hernes, Lovels, Grays, Coopers, Smiths, Whartons, Caulfields, ucklands and Costelloes. In Romany the seven first of these families ere known respectively as Purrums. or Leeks; Bar-mescro, or stone people; Ros- Sar-mescro, or duck people; Caumloes, e makers; Grys, or horse people; Vardo- or wheelwrights, and Petulen- groes, or horseshoers. It will be seen that translating their Romany names, they generally atiempted a play upon words, when they could not find the exact equiv: lent: In the same way the gypsies have Komany names for most of the big cities in ‘gland and this country. They are quite @pposite. loo, as may be judged by the fol- lowing short list, picked up around camp- fires and caravans: Kanlo-Gav, or Black- town (Pittsburg); Boro-Gav, or Big-town (New York); Levinor-Gav, or Beer-town (Milwaukee and St. Louis); Paunomengo, or White city (Philadelphia), so called, I suppose, from {ts famous white doorsteps; Pureno-Gav, or Old-town (Boston); Sig- mengo, er Quick city (Chicago): Pudge- Gav, or Briége-town (Brooklyn): Beluni- Gav, or Queen city (Washington), and Matcheneskoe-Gav, or Fish-town (applied to Gloucester, Mass., and other seacoast towns). z f Seme Noted Bands. “The momadic gypsy bands are not so large as in less settled times, when the Romany was forced to travel in large num- bers for self-protection. From twelve to twenty persors make up the average car- van today; although in some cases the bands number fifty or sixty. A very large band is the famous one of which oid Chiv- odine Lovel is the chief. Every year Lov- els band comes north and cemps between cur Romanys. For instance, it is common among the Colorado and California gypsy women, while secretly conniving at the marriage of their daugl-ters, to apparently eppose the suitor’s advances bitterly. This necessitates an clopement, after which the yeung pair, having shown their Romany spirit, are welcomed back to the maternal tent pole. Their cooking and eating habits are often odd erough. For pork they have a@ great fondness, and in oid times they were accustomed, when passing a farm heuse, to ‘drab the baulo’ (poison the pig) and beg the carcass from the farmer. The poison known as ‘drab’ ts one of the Rom- any secrets. It is a curfous drug which affects only the animal's brain, leaving the rest of the body unpoisoned. Many old Romany-chals have admitted to me that they still occasionally yield to the tempta- tion of ‘drabbing the baulo’ and thereby obtaining fresh pork. English gypsies smack their lips over the memories of teasted atchi-witchi, or hedge hog. The gypsy way to cook a fowl is to do it up, feathers and all, in clay, and bake it in the heart of the fire for a little more than thir- ty minutes. The clay is then removed, tal ing with it the feathers; the fowl is clean- ed and the feast is ready. Yorkshire pud- ding, apple dumplings and other English dishes are great favorites with the gypsies. “In so far as I know him (and I may safely say that I know him well) the Amer- ican gypsy is one of nature’s gentlemen— courteous, considerate and loyal, sacri- ficing friend to his friends. The ‘average Georgio, of course, the Romany dislikes and distrusts; but win the gypsy's affection and ‘cu keep it always. The vagrant tenden- es of the race can never be crushed out. They are in the blood, Lred in the bone, of the true Romany. So long as the pure gyp- sy strain exists, chal and chi will foliow the pattrin trail, tell fortunes, trade horses, woo the Gorgio’s gold and sleep with the broad arch of heaven for their canopy.” —_+—__. His Unexpected Jailer. From the Macon Telegraph. “I was reminded the other day of one of the most horrible experiences in my career. A brief engagement on a skirmtsh line dur- ing the war was a picnic alongside of it. One hot Sunday afternoon several years ago, when the late Bill Foster was jailer at the old 4th street jail, I called on him in the pursuit of news, for I was pursuing news in those days for my daily bread. Confined in cells on the upper fioor were the notorious Eastman rioters, and as the day had been set for their execution, there was considerable interest in how they were passing their last days. It so happened that on this particular day the sheriff of Dodge county, where the execution was to take place, came to Macon on a visit that he might size up the unfortunate candi- dates for hemp, and with him*were some curious friends. Foster was doing the honors, and so busy was he with them that he allowed me to run upstairs alone and talk to the prisorers, and while thus en- gaged, forgetting all about me, he went away with the visitors. When I had gath- ered all the news I wanted I startéd down Stairs, to be met at the bottom of the stairs by Foster’s most ferocious dog, a regular terror. This dog had been trained to allow anybody to come into the jail, but no one could leave uniess accompanied by the 0 stop. I stopped. Having uttered the warning, he stretched his ugly self in the doorway and pretended to sleep, though I could see he had one ter-’ rible eye on me. How long I played the role of a marble statue I do not know, but it seemed an age, but by lowering my- self about the sixteenth of an inch per minute F finally reached a sitting posture without exciting suspicion cn the part of my watcher. Th fully hot, and the perspirati jot, an ion from me. I thought a thousand wanted to do, and a thousand lodge, The Preliminaries. It was only about 500 yards to the cap- tair’s lodge, toward which, with a slow and measured tread, he made his way. I watched him till he entered his lodge. Cold Hand in the meanwhile had stepped into the yawl, and deliberately seated himself in the captain’s place, holding his rifle at a ready, the breech resting on his thigh. A long log warehouse stood parallel to the river and about 50 feet from it. At the end of this building, nearest the boat, I stood watching developments. The boat's captain spent perhaps ten minutes in his when he reappeared. He was a changed being. The blanket and leggins which he had worn no longer fettered his limbs. With the exception of a breech- clout and moccasins he was naked. His face and body were smeared with the black, blue paint of the warpath, and in his hand he carried a Henry rifle. Giving utterance to ear-splitting war whoops and bounding like a deer over logs and inter- vening sage brush, -he approached the warehouse at the end where I was stand- ing, whereupon I quickly vacated my posi- tion, stepping around the-corner of the building toward the river. = But One Shot Fired. Cold Hand observed my action, and, as I caught his eye, I indicated by pointing with my thumb the direction in which he might look for his adversary. It was al- together a tame affair. As the captain came in view around the end of the build- ing the scout fired a single shot and the captain's brains were spattered against the logs at the corner of the warehouse. The dead warrior's friends came and bore his body away, while, in response to a loud call from the scout, the boatmen hurriedly re- turned to their places at the oars and rowed Cold Hand, a solitary passenger, to the slaughter pen on the east side of the river. Cold Hand was so far civilized that he ignored the rites of purification usually Artis by Indians after the shedding of bl Curiously enough, the next duel Which I witnessed was occasioned by the govern- ment issue of beef, and happened four years later at the Standing Rock Indian agency, in the fall of 1876, and again an Indian scout, named Shave Head, was one of the principals, and, as in the first in- stance, he was also the victor. The Stand- ing Rock agency is situated on the west bank of the Missouri, and, as at Grand river, the beef for the Indians was killed on the east side, thousands Squaws and children crossing in every con- ceivable kind of craft—flat eoats, yawis, skiffs, log canoes and bull boats—to par- ticipate in the killing of the beef. About 250 head of Texas steers were crowded into @ strong corral and shot down, expert t™marksmen being employed to do the shoot- ing, but usually any one, Indian or white man, who had ammunition to spare, and who loved that kind of cruel sport, took an active part in the slaughter. Distributing the Beef, After the steers were all down the agency clerk would enter the corral with his issue book and distribute the beeves, giving to each chief of a band according to the num- ber of families. He would begin at a point on the outer edge of the corral, giving to the chief of the largest band first about seventeen beeves, to the next in rank (and they were all accorded’ rank according to their following) he ‘would give sixteen, to the next fifteen, and so on, until he had made a circuit of the corral. Con! he smil of warriors, | the occasion. He was met outside his resi- dence by a young man who was to guide him to the church. His guide, after what the pason thought was a rude stare and said: “I beg pardon, sir, but your hat—” “Ah, yes; never mind the hat, but m‘nd your own business,” the parson inter- rupted, curtly, and the young man was silenced. The recple they met stared and smiled, too. “Strange how many people notice when one has a new hat,” though! the parson. The church was reached and the worshipers approaching naturally turn- ed to observe the noted preacher. The vicar met him at the vestry docr to wel- come kim, but hesitating, said: “Pardon me, canon, but pray why do you wear your hat so?” The tile was doffed and the out- side v as found to be still covered with the vy Ette peper, which the absent-minded di- v-ne had not removed. ———+e+____ A Large Undertaking. From the Lewiston Journal. The manager of a telegraph office in Maine tells this: “I suppose the most comical thing I ever saw in a telegraph office happened the other day. It was warm and I was stand- ing near the desk when a woman entered. She was sweet and twenty, or possibly a year or two older, and I picked her out for @ young wife, just in the exultant flush of her first success as housekeeper. She want- ed to know if our line made connections with Boston—most all women ask that question when they use the wire for the first time,” explained the manager paren- “I gravely assured her that our ine did connect with the Hub and al- layed her fears that it might take half a day to send the message. Somewhat reas- sured, she opened her reticule, took out a bunch of samples and then went to writing. After some difficulty she squeezed her thoughts into ten words and approached the sending table. She laid down the writ- ten blank, two samples, one marked ‘A,’ the other “B,’ and a quarter. The message read: “‘Sellum & Sellum, Boston: Send, ex- press, five yards sample ‘A’ and six yards 'B.’ ——+e-+—____ A Suitable Profession. FOR OIL AND GUANO Two Things Which Make the Men- haden Fisheries Important, MAY COME 10 THE FRONT AGAIN An Industry That Has Been Prac- tically Ruined by Competition. EFFECT OF THE NEW TARIFF es ‘Written for The Eveuing Star. ENHADEN FISH- ermen are jubilant. >, The new tariff sched- ule contains a clause which will effectually hinder Japanese com- a petition in fish oil, 7 and it is expected that the old men- haden fisheries which have languished for years will resume their old-time ac- tivity. Twenty years ago the fisheries em- ployed over 300 vessels and 2,500 men, and represented an investment of $2,500,000. At that time the menhaden fisheries swept the whole Atlantic seaboard from Maine to the Carolinas, and the results of their labors permeated more different lines of business than perhaps any single industry. The guano obtained from the fish refuse was spread over every one of the differert States, the fish oil was invaluable to the tanner in preparing the leather which he shipped to every port of the world, to the rope maker and in half a dozen other kinds of work that occupied many thousands of men and millions of dollars of capital. Fish oil then sold fer $1.50 per gallon, and the refuse for $25 per ton. At present the oil is worth only 20 cents per gallon and the guano from $15 to $17 per ton. This remarkable decline in the price of oil. coupled with small catches for the past few seasons, has driven many of the old established firms out of the business, while others have continved to run at almost no profit. The Japanese Compete. In the Japanese fisheries oil is a bypro- duct. There is n> demand for it in Japan, and, therefore, it could be sold at almost any price in the American and European markets. For this reason the menhaden fisheries sought and obtained from the com- mittee that planned the Dingley bill a duty of 8 cents per gallon on all fish off im- Ported into the United States.~ It is antici- pated that this will cause an increase of about 25 per cent in the price of oil, and will give the fishermen and refiners ‘sut- cient relief so that they can continue their business at a fair profit. The story of the menhaden industry is an interesting one because the threads that go to make up the account stretch clear across the world. It is by n> means an infant industry. When Roger Williams settled Rhode Island he found that the fish was highly esteemed by the natives ot that lccality, and the very name menhaden is one that -was used by the Narragansett Indians. It took the white man a long time to find out the value of the menhaden, however, and the industry as it stands at present was practically started by Henry 8. Wells of Greenpoint, Long Island. Mr. Wells, who was known in the business as “Daddy” Wells, began to catch menhaden and to sell them to the Long Island farm- ers for use as fertilizer in the late fifties. In 1861 the first fish oil factory was started at Narragansett, R. I. It was a primitive affair, in which the ofl was separated from the fish by a process of fermentation. Dur- ing the war the business gained but little in importance, but directly after its close the wide demand for fish oil and fish products and the high prices that prevailed, av: the industry a great impetus, In the Palmy Days. Those were the palmy days of the bus!- ness, when the menhaden steamers came into port with 20,000 barrels of fish in their holds, a cargo worth $10,000 or more. “It beat cod takin’ and even whalin’ all hollow in them days,” as an old coast cap- tain regretfully said a few days ago, in speaking of the decline in the industry. The discovery of petroleum was the first serious blow to the menhaden industry. It was found that the coal oil could be used in compound for many of the purposes for which fish oil had formerly been exclusive- ly used, and, of course, ft was much cheaper. The supply of fish ofl was too great for the American market, and the producers turned their attention to Europe. To establish themselves there, they put down the price of oil in the European mar- ket, but this brought a protest from Amert- can leather manufacturers und others on this side who used fish ofl, and who claimed that their business-was injured by such dis- crimination. Yankees of the Orient. Then the wily Japanese, just beginning their industrial awakening, and anxious perhaps to prove their right to the title “Yankees of the orient,” stepped into the on almost every strip of the Atlantic coast where they are found. fishing for several reasons. One of these Is the mysterious and erratic nature of the fish. Other fish appear season after sea- son in about the same places and in some- thing near the same numbers, but there is no counting on the menhaden. One season echool after school of fine fat ‘ish will be taken off the Jersey shore, and the follow- ing year only the leanes: and scantiest ar- ray will be found between Cape May and Sandy Hock, while the men on the Massa- chusetts coast report that the fish are sim- ply jumping into their uets. Consequently it is a highly important matter in fishing for menhaden ty locate the tish, and the menhaden fishermen are even more super- s ano than the ordinary run of their craft. A “Draw” The ordinary menhaden steamer carries about twenty men and a gencrous supply of beats. She steams along the mud banks that menhaden frequent until a broad Stretch of grease on the surface of the water is sighted. Then the purse nets are et ‘and the “draw” is made. When the first draw comes on board there is an ex- citing moment for everybody, from skipper to scullion. The number, weight and full- ness of the fish are carefully noted and the prophets make their prediction for the sea- sen accordingly.-If the fish are running well the net will be jammed full, for there is no kind of fish that herds more closely tran the menhaden. When a big school is struck there is lively work with the nets to lan@. ss many of them as possible. Often the fish run close inshore, and then boats are sent out from the steamer to set the nets, A Fish Derrick. The menhaden steamer may be two weeks or two months in filling its hold, according to the “fisherman’s luck” that it has. As soon as it is loaded, however, it steams away to a fish factory—it matters which one, for all the thirty-five factories row in operation along the coast are under the control of the Menhaden Fish and Oil ssociation, otherwise known as the Men- haden trust. fe The work that goes on at the factory iS different from that seen in any other in- dustry. As soon as the steamer anchors alongside the wharf a big elevator shaft is let down into her hold. This shaft is fitted with scoops set on endless chain similar to the arrangenrent used in hoisting grain. ‘These scoops take up the fish by the bushel, and it is a pretty sight to watch their glistening sides and the flash of varied coiors as they move in endless procession up the long incline. How the O11 is Extracted. Inside the factory the fish are dumped into huge tanks and steam cooked for a rumber of hours. Then they are put in big presses, which squeeze out the oll into long pans. The oil is graded according to its color and thickness. The refuse or gvatio left after the oil is pressed out is mixed with sulphuric acid in the proportion of fifty-two gallons of acid to 2,000 tons of “scrap,” in order to fix the emmonia. It Is then spread out on a great drying lot seven acres in extent, and is treated exactly like hay, being turned, raked into piles and loaded into wagons, which convey it io cars for shipment to the great fertilizer factories. Nearly every fertilizer manufac- turer in the country uses this fish product in the preparation of its patent manures, on accornt of its richness in ammonia and phosphoric acid, the two most valuable in- gredients for the restoration of land. _o The Beginnings of the American Fly. Fred. Mather in Forest and Stream. “In 1848 Sam Phillippi, a gunsmith at Easton, Pa. got hold of some Calcutta bamboo, used and sold some for fishing rods in the natural state. This cane was long, slim and tapered, with greater dis- tance between the leaf joints, which, you know, show elevated rings on the outside and have a diaphragm across the hollow. Haven't you cut into them and seen this?” “Yes, and made fifes from the joints in boyhood da: jeaving one end with its naiural stop. “Well, Sam Phillippi wanted a jointed rod, so he fitted ferrules and made his tip not” PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD STATION CORNER OF SIXTH AND 8 STREETS. 7.50 AM. week das TSRURG EXPRESS ping Care Harrisburg SYL 10500 AM. PE! man Sleeping, Di Cars Harrisburg to Chicago, Clacinnatl, lis, St. Lenis, Cleveland and Toledo. Prior Car to Harrisburg. 10.50 AM. FAST LINE.—Pullman Bult Parlor Car to Harrisbarg. Buffet Parior Car Harrisoarg to Pittsbu; 3.40 P.M. CHICAGO AND ST. LOUIS EXPRESS, Sleeping Car Washington to St. Louis and Sleepl Dining Cars Harrisiang Ne (via Cincinnath and Chicago, 7.10 PM. WESTERN EXPRESS fing Car to Pittshurg, Chicago 0 St. Leats, Clevetond. ining Car to 7.10 PML SOUTHWESTERN Pullmae Sleeping Cars Washingion to and Har- risburg to St. Loais and Cincinnatt. Pini 10.40 P.M.) PACIFIC EXPRESS. —Pullman Sleeping Car to Pittsburg. 7.50 A.M. for Kane, Canandaigua, Rochester and Niagara Falls doily. except Sunday 10.50 A.M. for Eimira and Renovo For Williamsport daily, 3:40 E .. for Williamsport, Rochester, falo wd Nengara Falla datly, exon with Sleeping Car Washing? 10.40 P.M. for Erie and Elmira dally; for Canan- @aigua, Rochester, Buffalo and Niagara Fails Sat- urday aights only: Pullman Sleeping Car Wash- ington to Rochester. FOR PHILADELPHIA, ‘EW YORK AND THE EA! 4.00 PM. “CONGRESSIONAL LIMITED,” daily, all Parlor Cars. with Dining Car from Baltimore. Regular at 7.00 (Dining Car, 8.00, 9.00, 10.00 (ining Car) “and 11.60 (Dining € mington) A.M. 12.45. 3.15. 4.20. 6.50, 10.00 and 11.35 P.M. Gn Sunday, 7.00 (Dining Car), 8.00, x (Wining Car from Wihwington) A.M.” 2. 16.00 and a FY oga Express (Parlor Car), 9 a.m. week days. For Baltimore, 6.25, 7.00, 7.50, 8.00. 9.00, 10.00, 10.50, 11.00 ALM., "1215, 12 - B15, 8.40 (4.00 Limited), 4.20, 0, 7.10, 7 daily. except For Annapolis, 00 AM and 4.2) P.M. dally, <acep® Sunday. Suudays, 9.00 AM. and Atlantic Coast Line Express for Florida amd points on Atlantic Const Line, AM. 3.46 daily; Richmond only, i Atlanta Special, via Line, 4.40 PML Quantico, 7.45" A.M. days. SEASHORE CONNECTIONS. For Atlantic City (via Delaware Kiver Bridge, all- rail route), 11.00 A.M., 8.15 and 11.35 P.M. dail, et Wharf, 9.00 11.00 A.M. 11.35 "P.M. daily. comer 15th and G street the station, 6th and B streets, where orders be left for the checking of baggage to destination from hotels and residences, J. B. HUTCHINSON, General Manager. J. R. Woop, General Pass. Agent, BALTIMORE AND O1TO RATLWAD, chedule in effect . 189T. Leave Washington from station corner of New Jersey av and For Chicago and : traius, 10:00, 11> For ‘Cincinnati, Louis and Indianspolis, Ex- Vestibuled Limited, 3:49 ‘p.m., p.m and Cleveland, Express daily, 10:00 edo and Detroit, 11:30 and Way stations, =s New Orleans, Memphis, Birmingham, Knoxville p.m. Kk days, 8:00 a.m., 1:15, 8, Ww pm. Sundays, 9:00 ‘a.m., and way points, we }. 3:00, 4:30, 4:33, 5 lays, 9:00 am, 1 on Junction and way points, 8:00 . 5:30 pm., week da 200 a.m, 1215 P-m., Sundays, For Ray Ridge, week days, 9: 4:30 p.m. Sundays, 9:35 1:30 and 3:15 ROYAL’ BLU I NEW YORK AND AL All trains illuminated For Philadeiphia, East, week days, 7 12:40 Dining Car). 3:00, G: Sleeping Cer open at m., (12:40 Car), 12:01 night, 8 Additional trains for ie Phila 4 12:00 moon, ‘40 p.m. Sun City, 12:40 and 3.00 p.m. week days. For Cay a. days. 12 Mag, 12:00 noon. pt Sunday. *Daily. xExpress t Baggage called for and idences by Union Transfer € §Sunday only. t offices, G19 York avevue and we. M eunsylvania aw street, and at Depot D. f. MARTE Mgr. Pass. ‘Traffic, WTHERN RAILWAY. 4, 1897 ve at Ponusylvanta pas- Western daily daily for th 1:15 A.M et Sheng connecting at Atlanta for Birwingiam . Solid train Wasi © re ecursion Through Sleeper om this dnesday to San Francisco without and second joint of the Calcutta bamboo and the butt of some other wood, but he never split the cane as we do now. I saw one of his rods which had an ash butt, and I tested the spring of the rod and liked it. I showed the rod to Mr. E. A. Green of Newark, and he got some Calcutta bamboo and made a rod of three pieces for his own use, of carefully selected material, and it was an extra good rod for its day. Then we talked the matter over. Says I, “There is a lot of waste material in that rod, and the joints in tne cane are no good,’ and so it came about that I split the cane, only for Front Royal, Strasbi nda a Sleepers. I pers. Nes Knoxville and Charlstte, ‘ew York ‘ork to New Orleans, Vestibaled Day a Railway into four parts at first, shaved down the pulpy inside, and glued the pieces tog2ther, and had a rod that was springy enough to cast a fly and had the backbone to fight a@ salmon.” “When was this?” “It was in 1863. I soon found that four strips left too much pulp on the inside, for the strength is all in the enamel, and I made rods of six and eight strips. The lat- ter are too small to work accurately, but the six-strip was received with favor by such anglers as Frank Endicott, Genio C. Scott, Robert B. Roosevelt, and others. Two years later I made a salmon rod, and Mr. Andrew Clerk took it to Scotland, where it attracted much attention. Mr. Clerk gave this rod to Genio C. Scott, who took it up to the St. Lawrence river and killed some big pike and muskallonge with it, and wrote it up in the sportsmen’s pa- pers of the day, which gave the new maki of rod great popularity. Then, in 1866, I made a split-bamboo bait-rod for black bass and arranged with the firm of An- drew Clerk & Co. to sell my rods, which they did for some years, and then they be- gan to make them on a larger scale.” Sunday, and 8:30 a.m. da Tickets, Sleeping Car reservation and informa- tion furnished at offices, 511 and 1300 Penary ix3 WASHINGTON, ALEXANDRIA AND MT. VEKNON RAILWAY. FROM STATION, 13% STREET AND PA. AVE. In effect May 9, 18% ex., | 4:45, 5205, . 25, 7:00, 8:00, $:00, 10:00, 20, 11:59 p. For Alexandria (Sunday only), 8:00, 9: 10:20, 11:00, 11:30 n.m., 12:00 noon, 3:00, 20, 4:00, 4 , 8300 p.m. ‘or Arlington and Aqueduct Bridge (Sunday aly): 8:00, 9:00, 10:00, 10:30, 11:00, 11:30 a. we 12:30, 20, 3 20, 7:00, 8:00 pe. checked free for passengers firet- clasts at etntion. Bleyclens 25 conte ach SaerEe AND OHIO aa. ‘THROUG! THE GRANDEST NERY OF AMERICA. TRAINS —VESTIE , LIGHTED, STEAM HEATED. ALL DINING CARS. STA-