Evening Star Newspaper, February 6, 1897, Page 11

THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 6, 1897-24 PAGES, A FIFTY MILLIONAIRE A Chat With Russell Sage in His Broadway Office. HIS ADVICE 0 YOUNG MEN Career of the Biggest Money Lender in the United States. — IN CONGRE NEW YORK, Febr: interview i million all than a millior r he so at mo- ! he has wood w omen living who Start- a millionaire I for the pa turpittg his mil- gathering mor Sage is one of this veil mney as he, remarkab characters 0 but } ing my ta entury. fees not look to with him he steady work for All of this time Kk of things. He Russel Sage. was a big money handler during the war and he has been associated with nearly every great capitalist of the past genera- tion. He and Jay Gould were hand in glove in great enterprises. and ne is a director in so many banks, trust companies and rail- road companies that it is said that his fees for attending directors’ meetings would make a good salary for an ordinary man. I have seen newspaper statements repre— senting Russell Sage as an illiterate man. I have not found him so. No one can be With the biggest men of this country for sixty years and not beccme educated. Mr. 2 Started iife with a public school edu- on. At the age of twenty-five he ested as one of the aldermen of Troy, and before he forty he was one of the most prominent members of Congress. Long before he was fifty he was worth a million, and now, at eighty. he has as bright an eye and as quick a mind as any of the men of half his age who borrow money of him to play the great game which is always going on here among the Wall street gamblers. The Work Shop of a Millionaire. T met Mr. Sage in his office. His New Yerk establishment looks more like a prison than the workshop of a millionaire. It is to a certain extent a fortification. You re- member how a crank came within an ace of blowing him into eternity with a dyn: mite bomb a couple of years ago, becau: Mr. Sage would not write him out a check for a miliion edd dollars. he Was very badly hurt. Now, the average after an attack, would Ss and retired from is not the kind of As soon as he re- om his injuries he went back to some guards about him To- © his office without t see him unless er, to keep off the cranks of the future. day you car ve good credentials. My introduc- om Was through a letter from Mr. Henry ews, the us Wall street banker. With this If climbed to the second story of Zl Br ¥ and entered an office, upon . door of which were the words “R Passing through this, I feund myself in a narrow hall or cell, as Were, walled with beards to # point high abe: y head nove these boards there Was a laiticework of iron, aimost as heavy as that which surrounds the bullion in the vaults of the United States treasury. There Were two doors leading through the board wall, but these I understand shut with a it spring le In the wall there were two little holes guarded with brass bars. Standing before them, you can look in ai see the clerks who manage Mr. Sage’s bu: mess. these holes is the only means of getting at Mr. Sage. You present yourself at them, and Mr. Sag cashier, a@ gI4y¥ Mustached young man, with a criti- cal eye looks you over. If he is very sure that you are all right and that your busi- ness ts of importance you are presented to Mr. Sase. This was what was done with me. The investigation seemed to be satis- factory, and a few minutes later the door in the wall was unlocked. T was conducted through an ante-room and shown into the plain but comfortably furnished private office of the millionaire How Russell Sage Looks. a straight, well-formed, t man turned about from a desk ti corner of the room. He rose to his feet as though his joints were wel! oiled, and a pleasant smile came over his grave features as he told me that he could ve me a few moments only, and asked to be seated. He did not look at me at all critically, and during the talk he chat- ted with me as freely as though there was anarchist in the world. Though he me that he could see me for but a few moments, I remained with him for more an hour, while brokers and other iness men were waiting outside. He interested in the conversation, and leaned over and tapped me on the as he laughed over some story of his career or became especially interested in some subject he was discussing. How Russell Sage Keeps Young. I entered, ven My first question was as to his health and how he managed at ghty to keep so young and bright. The old millionaire lau ed as he replied ¥ don't know how [| do it, but I am here six hours of the day six days of every week, year in and year out. My good health in old age I think, largely due to temperance. Is p from seven to eight hours every night. and I don't allow myself to be dr: 1 abou: o dinners and ¢lubs. When I first came to New York I Was persuaded into jo the Union and I was 4 member of it for I never attended more than two or rs there, however, and I seldom lub rooms. Th. friends give up my membership to I was asked to sell it. You a number of men who n, and I could have gotten much for ii. But 1 told them I Gid not want to make money that and that I w » member- nti! it ran out. I did, Russell Sage on Yioney Making. “Speaking of mioney making. Mr. Sage, how did you get your start? How did you make your first thousand dollars? There ts no particular story in that,” replied Mr. Sage. “When I was sixteen I went to clerk with my brother. Then I had & store of my own. I never had a great eal of trouble in making money. My first thousand probably came from saving, and were ed was made on much the same principle that I have followed throughout life.” “But are there any fixed principles by which a man can make money, Mr. Sage?” I asked. It depends a great deal on the man, of course,” was the reply. “But there are two things which amy and every man must have who makes any permanent success in this world. In the first place, a man must be honest in spirit and in deed, and, in the second, he must be industrious. I shoutt | also add he must be economical and Invest ris money so that it will work for him.” Young Men in New York. “What do you think of New York as a elt for money making? Should country come to the city?” The man who has it in him,” replied Russell Sage, “will succeed anywhere. You can’t keep the right country boy down and the city boy with the right stuff in him is hound to get up. The chances in New York are perhaps greater than in the country, but the temptations are also greater. I tell you ¥ don't like what I see about the clubs here in New York. You may go to them any night and you will see young fellows who have less thaa a thousand dollars a year dressed in swallow-tailea coats. They expensive dinners. They are erinking a little and playing cards a little. Such are not my ideas of a successful scheme ef life for a young’ man, and those are not the young men who succeed. It fs the young fellows who spend their evenings at home and save their n:oney who keep a bright eye for the main chance and live so that they will have brains healthy enough to see it when it comes. Railreads and the Union Pacifle. “You have been interested in many enter- = im your life, Mr. Sage?” Yes, I have,” was ihe millionaire’s reply. “T early became interested in railroads. I traveled cver some of the first built in this country and I saw there was going to be a lot of money in them. I bought a lot of ock in the western railroads and I was a lorg time president and vice presi- dent of the Milwaukee and Paul. I had s in roads further west and for have been connected with the be done with the Union Kk the government ought ta have s«mething to do with it,” was the reply. “A great deal of noise has been made about it, but the Union Pacific has been of enor- tous profit to the United States govern- ment. Its profit has perhaps rot come di- rectly; but indirectly that road has built up the great west. it has created hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth of. taxable property and the great states of the west du> to it. It would not seem to me out the way that the government should guarantee its bonds. If the would guarantee its bonds at 3 per vould be glad to take a lot of them. He Talks About the Tim What do you think about the time: Sage? Are they going to be better?” “I think so, though we had a hard pull during the last campaiga. I have faith in the sober sens2 of the American people, and I believe with a moderate tariff we will scon be prosperous.” re you not afraid of the dissatisfaction of the poor?" ©. I don’t believe the best elements of the laboring classes are dissatisfied. More than three-fifths of the laboring men of this country realize that their success is d2- pendent upon the success of the capitalists who are their employers. The other two- fifths are those who are trying to get along without work, and who don’t want to worl.” “What are the causes of the hard times? “I believe they are largely due to over- production, not only here. but all over the world. We have been making more goods than we could sell. We have expensive es- tablishments, and we have kept them up notwithstanding the sales have stopped. Then we took off the tariff, and let for- eigners ship in cheap goods to compete with us, and the result is as you see it. Why. things were never so cheap as they are now in the United States. Look at this coat which I have on.” I looked and felt the sack coat of the taillionaire. It was a very respectable-look- ing garment, made of fairly good dark gray woolen cloth. As I felt it Mr. Sage went on “Well, how much do you think that coat ccet? I paid just $6 for it. It was a part of a suit that was selling for $8.50, and I bought it just to show these fellows here how cheap things are. You know there are things Tm the papers now and then about my wearing $11 sults and puying my clothes ready made. Those stories are not true. I have always had my clothes made to order, and I don't think I ever wore a ready-made suit in my life. I merely put this on to illustrate the position I hold on this subject.’ United States nt I Mr. The Biggest Money Lender on Inter- est Rates. Russell Sage is perhaps the Diggest money lender in the United States. He has millious out at interest, and he is one of the few men who seem to always have a million to lend—to the right party. As T looked at him I thought of this, and asked: “How is money in New York just now? -\re not interest rates very low?” s No, they are not low are in ‘al lower than have been for years. This is so not ere but all over the world. to me that this shows that men have more faith in each other than ever before. A re- spectable man can easily get trusted now, but at the same time a man whose reputa- tfon is not good is more carefully watched than ever. Those fellows in the west have lost @ great deal by their evident desire to repudiate their debts. The silver move- ment has been a bad thing for the west. Do you think I would lend any money to a western town for water works or public improvements knowing how they stand upon such matters? I think they will find it more difficult to borrow money here than they did in the past.” Why Russell Sage Got Out of Can- rene, “You were quite young when you were in Congress, Mr. Sage. You might have made a great success there. Why did you leave politics?” “I did not think polities would pay,” re- plied Mr. Sage. “I was only four years in I was there during the long can- the speakership, in which after weeks of balloting we elected N. P. Banks. I was one of Mr. Banks’ chief Supporters, and after he was elected he came to me and told me that I could have any chairmanship tn the House except that of the ways and means, which, according to custom, had to be given to the leader of the defeated element of the party, and con- sequently went to John Sherman. # replied that [ wanted nothing, and that I did not intend to stay In Congreas. I told Speaker Banks that my life was to be a business one, and added: ‘Now I want to learn all I can Curing my stay in Congress about the government that will be of benefit vw me in my business. The ways and means committee has more to do with managing the government of the United Siates tian anything else, and a position upon it will teach me much. I don’t care for an: the chairmanships, meer but if at the close cf your appointments yeu find you have a place left for me on the ways and means committee I will take i “Gen. Banks replied that me the seeond place on that committee, and did so. I founé my position of immense value to me. I learned there all about our financial methods and got information which has been of incalculable value to me exer since. I know now just how things ought to go. I know what will be the effect of certair, legislation upon the markets and I can feel almost intuitively the results of congressional action.” Why One Rich Man Works. At this moment the brokers outside be- came more and more anxious to see Mr. Saxe. During our long talk the door had been slyly opened by his cashier again and again, and each time the old man would raise his hand and say “In a moment,” “In fifteen minutes,” or “In five minutes,” ac- riding to the story he was telling at the As he made the last statement the white-mustached cashier came in agulr, and the old millionaire rose and held out his hand, as much as to say that the inter- jew was ciosed. As I shook it [ said: ‘Just one more question, Mr. Sage. ‘¢ one of the richest men of this country. You are said to be one of the richest men of the world. You have more money than you can ever spend. Your income today 1s beyond the wildest ambitions of your youth, Now won't you tell me why with all this you keep on working? Why don't you re- tire and take a rest and enjoy what you have made?” ‘Ah,” replied the old man, as his blue eyes looked soberly into mine. “I don't know why. I don't know that I could stop if I would. I fear I should not live long it I did so. I believe I like work better than I do play. My chief happiness today Is in my work, and I suppose my machinery will &o on at this same rate as long as I Hive.” FRANK G. CARPENTER. he would give LATE ACHIEVEMENTS In Exploration, Science and Indus- try. TO PREVENT RAILWAY ACCIDENRS The Writing and Arithmetic of the Caves. SPEED IN TELEGRAPHY ee A patent has just been granted in Wash- ington for a device to be attached to loco- motives which will probably prevent many railroad collisions and other accidents in the future. It is not so much a new device as it is a new application of certain prin- ciples which have always been known to exist cn locomotives. The public is, gen- erally speaking not aware of the fact that an engine, with or without steam on board, running away on a down grade by the mere force of its own gravity, can, without the use of brakes, be brought to a standstill within a distance of'a very Tew feet. It is being done every day in ‘the shops of the New York élevated railroad. One fepairing plant is on a level with the street line. A heavy grade leads up to the tracks. When a locomotive is to be brought into the shops steam is blown off while it is yet on the Structure. The engine is then pushed over the elge of the incline and allowed to run of its own weight down grade. By a cer- tain use of the lever the man aboard is able to bring it to a standstill within a few feet of the rear wall of the shops. The princi- ple applies to surface railroads and the pat- ent referred to takes advantage of it. It is due to the following facts: If an engine is allowed to rm down hill of its own momentum it is found, provided the lever is reversed, that the operation of the pistons causes a certain amount of air to be compressed in the cylinder. By a correct manipulation of the lever an amount cami be stored sufficient to stop the working of the pistons and consequentiy the locomotive. Except in shops and occasionally during an accident, however, the principle has rever been considered sufficiently important to be worth utilizing. All modern trains use the compressed air brake. The reser- voir for the compressed air is located on the engine and Is controlled by a lever. Sometimes this store of compressed air gives out and fatal accidents have resulted in consequence of the brakes refusing to work. The patent in question is simply this, that the supply of compressed air shall be supplied by the engine itself. A small tube will be connected between the cylinders of tne locomotive and the com- pressed air reservoir. If the engineer in running, finds, as is frequently the case, tkat the compressed air system has sprung a leak, he will, nereafter, be able to keep tp a sufficiently powerful working quantity by merely shutting off steam and allowing the train to speed forward of its own in- ertia or momentum, which it will, of course, do for a considerable distance on the level, then reverse his lever and ailow the piston to pump the resulting compressed air up through the newly attached tube to the regular reservoir. In a moment the latter will be pumped full and before the train has even began to slow up steam will be again turned on and the regular speed aintained. If this contrivance had been in general use sooner the recent Blue Line accident in New Jersey would not have happened. Teaching Monkeys to Read. Not a little surprise was occasioned some ten or twelve years ago, when Sir John Lubbock, the distinguished British natura.- ist, announced that a favorite dog of his had been sufficiently initiated into the mys- teries of the English alphabet as to permit kim to properly spell short monosyllabic words, ard to interpret these in a manner so as to convey his canine thoughts to his master. In brief, by means of cards of a single letter each, Zip, by bringing them together in their proper sequence, would spell out the desired wertés of his mina— such as “meat,” “out,” “go,” ete.—and, placing these at the feet of Mr. Lubbock. awaited the reply that they were expecte to bring forth, and which was invariably assured. There can hardly be a question that the mental operation which deter- mined the spelling and ir.terpretation of the words was identical in kind with that which is made the basis of our own early compre- hension—that which is essociated with the learning from letter blocks by children— ard whether it was more in the nature of a memory feat than anything else barely affects the question. A few years later equal surprise was manifested at the ex- ploits of a certain babocn in Soath Africa which, on the death of Its master—a flag man on the Natal Colony ratlw ed his sezvices with such regularity aad precision as to warrant the retention of the aps in the employ of the railway company until the time of his death. It is unforui- uate that no detailed scientific examination of this remarkable simian was made pos- sible, but general facts surrounding its carecr are 1 part of zoolcgieal history. We are as yet hardly in a position to judge of the mental capacity of the apes, but there is scarcely a dovbt that it is of a teuch higher order than is commonly as- sumed. Stanley, quoting from the note Look of the late Emin Prsha, asserts that some of the anthropoids of east central Africa are acquainted with the use of-fire, and that in small droves, under the guid- ance of torchlights, they would conduct their foraging expeditions. If this be true —and there seems little reason to distrust the statements of so accurate an observer as was Emin Pasha—ther tt is an indica- tion of a decidedly advanced position held by the animal in relation to the arts. The recent efforts of Mr. Garner of New York to interpret moakey speech by “locking’* him- self up with the large anthropoid apes in the forests of equatorial Africa, and to de- duce from this speech the limits of simian observation and reasorirg, have had no results, except those of failure. Much more can be expected from the school or schools which have latterly been established by the British government In Irdia for the instruc- tion in reading, writing and manners of ares and of accurately determining their capabilities. One such, in the presidency of Bombay, with six qualified instructors, has recently sent in a report of progress, and from this it would appear that the chances are at least good to make reputable and “cultured”—beings, shall we call them? —cut of a simian stock. The full results of what promises to be a most Important in- quiry will be awatted with much interest. Endurance of Heat and Cotd. Not the least interesting of the many results of Nansen’s expedition are the rec- ords of meteorological observations that were continued almost uninterruptedly for the better part of three years, and which throw distinct light upen the climatic con- ditions of the far north. These show what had already been well suspected by sclen- tists—that, so far as 2 minimum tempera- ture is concerned, the highest northern latitudes are more favorably situated than many regions lying full # degrees or 20 minutes (approximately 1000-1400 miles) further to the south. The iowest reading of Nansen's thermometer, registered on hoard the Fram, was 61.5 degrees F., or some 12-15 degrees higher than the mint mum noted by the British polar expedition of 1875-76, and & degrees above the mini- mum of Kane. The lowest winter tem- perature recorded by Mr. Peary was 5 degrees F. In strange contrast to this in itself sufficiently severe temperature are the rigors of certain less-favored localities lying to the south. Thus, in the Kara sea, which lies between Nova Zembla and Si- beria, and whose center is approximately crossed by the seventy-third parallel of latitude, a temperature of 63 degrees is by ho means uncommon, and the sea, partly from this cause, and partly from the fact that it is so largely choked with ice, has justly received the name of the “ice cellar” of Eurasia. At Yakutsk, in Siberia, a well- known governmental it tying consider- ably southward, or outside of the arctic circle. a temperature of from 7 to SO degrees below is reported almost annual: and at Verkhojansk, which is situated a most within the same broad region, but somewhat on the polar side of the circle, there is a_ registry of 92 degrees for the month of January, 1894. Prof. Mohn, the distinguished Norwegian scientist, asserts, ieoreover, that at the Russian station at the mouth of the Lena river, Siberia, the extraordinary low temperature of 94 degrees F. has been recorded. That man should be able to endure one might say, almost with impunity, such ex- |-cessive severity of élimate\ns not a Witle remarkable, and it is the more when it is considered in_ connection with his endurance of the opposite extreme, i.e., the highest summer temperatu We have as yet, perhaps, no absbdlutel? reliable data for the highest sun gpemperature on the earth's surface, but May be safely as- sumed to be in the neighborhood of or even beyond 150 degrees It is claimed by Alex- ander von Humboldt that Ritchie observed near Mcurzouk, in northern Africa, a tem- perature (in a measud#' feflected from the desert sands) of 135 degrees in the shade. which is probably thehigiast that comes authoritatively from the records of travel- ers; if this is true, them there can be little doubt that the sun temperature was fully 15 degrees higher. Wth th! two extremes before us, then, we have for the human subject. a climatic resistange of at least 244 degrees, or 22 degrees; more than is found in the range bétween zero and the boiling point of wateF: How much more than this man could endure, ft is difficult to say, but, doubtless, many degrees could yet be added to either side of the thermo- metric scale without materially or neces- sarily affecting lis system. His resistance to the temperature of furnace rooms, as is evidenced -in the work-of the stokers on board the trans-Atlantic liners, is an indi- cation of this, and yet more the remarkable experiments recently conducted by the em- inent physicist Raoul Pictet upon his own Person, when by artificial processes he sub- jected his body to a temperature of 165 degrees. : -Men of the Stone 4xe. A discovery of unusual interest—indeed, one might say of nearly ‘the greatest {m- portance that has been made for many years in the domain of anthropology—has latterly been announced by M. Ed. Piette, and consists !n the finding in the cave of Mas-d'Azil, in the department of Ariege, France, a layer of pebbles of unquestion- ably neolithic age, in which many of the surfaces are painted in various devices with the peroxyd of iron. In these mark- ings there appears to be almost unques- tionable evidence of the existence of an al- phabetic language, and it is even surmised that some of the markings may even indi- cate entirely conventionalized phonetic characters. The pebbles in question are mostly rounded or flattened stones of quartz or schist from the river Arise, and overlie a deposit containing the bones of various large quadrupeds—reindeer, au- rochs, horses, ete.—while aboye them rests a mixed layer, the upper portion of which are found polished stone axes. In some cases the entire surface of the Pebbles is cotored, but more frequently the ow 4 PICTOGRAPHIC SIGNS A -EES ALPHABETIC SIGNS’, stones are marked on one or both sides with simple devices—dots, bars and “graph or combination ' characters— while occasionally a border forms part of the decoration. These various devices are classified by M. Piette in four categories: Numerals, symbols, pictographic signs and alphabetical characters: MgSt of the spots and bars are ingeniotsly reasoned out to be numeral characters, s thdde of the first series (spots) being cofsidefed to be units of the higher groups pf figures, and those of the second (the bars)" to represent simple numerals. If” the pictographic signs M. Piette believed to have found the transcription of natural objects, such as serpent E u .,, Assuming the alphabetic signs to be ted in their Ieaning—i. e., tb be eratsea in their construction—the questién ig raised: Can it be possible that these pedbles were em- ployed in building up Words and sentences, much as children ug?’ boxes of letters? However conclusive or fneotétusive may be M. Piette’ interpretation ofthis finds, their discovery will doubtless ot to warm up the zeal of anthropologists {h the direction of the new and most tnstrucgfve field of in- vestigation which had beef) pened up to them. ” . Speed Reowrds: im/Pelegraphy. What is the limit of speedin telegraphy? The question has‘ been anst¥ered many times, but in each case it has been found necessary to revise the answer soon after it was given, as a féw more seconds were clipped off the record. When the name of the winner of: the derby is known in New York a quarter of a minute after the con- test is over, when the result of an inter- national yacht race is announced in Glas- gow forty-four seconds after the winner sails across the finish line in New York's lower bay, it seems as though the prac- annihilation of time was aceom- But the men who spend their ume trying to improve the telegraphic s vice have not been satisfied with these as- tonishing records, and have tried to drive the time limit still nearer the vanishing point. As a result of their efforts, it may be said that if time will not wait for any man it will at least almost stand still some- ¢, both in the public and special work of the W. n Union Tel graph Company, has regularly been be- tween the great exchanges, especially the stock and produce exchanges of New York and Chicago. This has been so probably because it has had to be so, that is to say, because the demand for the fastest possible service has been stronger here than any- where else. The limit, for the time being at least, has now been reached by an im- ‘ovement which was recently made in the connection between the produce exchanges in these two great centers of American trade, ‘he floors of the two exchang have fer a long time .been connected by direct wires, so that only a few seconds were consumed in sending information from one to the other. Some time ago, hewever, the Western Union’s manager 12 New York suggested that time might be saved in sending quotations if a telegraph apparatus was set up in the wheat pit it- self. This meant saving a trip of perhaps fifteen feet between the wheat pit and the telegraphic booth, but in slicing off seconds one must cui exceeding thin and even the smallest things have to be taken into ac- count. The change brought about by the adoption of this suggestion may be best observed by taking a peep into the New York exchange at the opening of business. At one side of the circle known as the wheat pit stands a high box, which looks like an old-fashioned pulpit. and in which two men are sitting. In front of one of them is a telegraph instrument, the wire from which runs directly to the floor of the Chicago exchange, and before the other Is a set of keys, controlling the big indi- cator at the end of the room. which an- nounces at every moment of the day the ruling price of wheat on the floor of the ex- change. As soon as the first bid is offered, before the sound of the man’s voice can travel across the floor. of the exchange, the operator in the pulpit ipresses one of his keys, and the big: in@icator on the great dial flies around ap the figures named in the first transaction. dn the second, while we have been watching the perform- ance, the “reporter,” who las been stand- ing just below the spulpit. among the brokers, has scratchedithe same figures on a yeilow slip, has passed this sheet up to the man above him, and the opening price in New York is writtemin adightning flash at the Chicago end of the wire. ‘The booth in whichthe wire terminates on the floor of the Chicagotexchange is at one side of the room, next to the black- boerd on whieh the New York quotations are displayed. The slip on which the mes- sage is received is handed directly to the man at the board, who chalks down the figures with the speed that long practice has given him. The whole transaction oc- cupies perhaps five seconds, and is repeated every time a fresh transaction is made throughout the day. The difference between the time it takes a message to travel across the flocr of the New York exchange, less than 100 feet, and to Chicago, 1,000 miles away, is so slight that the announcement may be said to be made simultaneously in both places. This represents the perfection of telegraphic cormmunication as carried on at present. It is probably true, also, that a message may be sent and an answer received through the public offices on the floors of these exchanges more quickly than in any other offices. It is a matter of record that a message has been sent from New York to Chicago, delivered to a broker on the floor of the exchange, and an answer re- turned to the sender in New York, all in thirty seconds. In fact, this has been done several times. The New York manager of the Western Union is authority for the statement that in sending the thousands of messages which travel back and forth be- tween the two exchanges the average time between receiving a message and deliver- ing its answer is not more than two min- utes and one-half. It is an interesting fact that if a New York business man sends two messages at the same time, one addressed to the uptown district of his own city, and the other to the business portioh of Chi- cago. or any of the great cities, the chance are that the second message- will reach its destination first. The reason for this is simply that the facilities for sending the seccnd message are better than for the Of course, in accomplishing the quick work which has been described, the com- pleteness of the connection is not the only factor, though it is very important. The operators employed in this work are ail men who have been carefully picked from the most skillful operators in the service of the company, the transmitters and r. ceivers are of latest patterns, and evei precaution is used to secure accuracy and speed where the slightest lack of either may mean the loss of thousands. eg THE GYMNASTICS OF REST. ‘otch Phys?cian's Suggestions to Alleviate the Vital Waste of Hurry. Fiom the Scotsman, ‘The Edinburgh health lecture was deliv- ered by Dr. George R. Wilson, medical superintendent Mavisbank Asylum, on “The Gymnastics of Rest.” He said it was the unfortunate habit of cur times to measure the welfare of the people only by their material prosperit and to ignore their mental distress. The waste of human material was greater than the tear and wear of men’s minds in- sed, and now, in spite of all our mven- tions, nay, because of all our inventions, the world was more than ever in need of rest, The nervous system was contrived so as to thrive in an atmosphere of mild impressions, not in one of constant shocks ard jars. True, we could become accom- ated to shocks, to noise, and din, but became accommodated to them only by Ing up energy. I: would repay us to get away from noise and din even for a short tine. Just as noise was to the ear, dingi- ness and the dull gray atmosphere of cities were to the eye; our eyes and our brains were adapted for richer colors than the lifc of cities afforded. There was, pernaps, a greate: evil which city life brought upon the eye. The eye Itself, and its nerves and miuscles, was so contrived that in the natur- al state, in the state of rest, we looked at a distance, but by constantly lookimg at ob- jects close at hand we never gaye the eye rest. It was not easy for older people to learn new ways, out children should be taught, whenever a glimpse of distanca could he had, to let loose their eyes upon it, to turn to the horizon and rest. One of the firsi steps to mental rest was the ability to per- form the feat—as to the acquirement of which the lecturer gave some interesiing hints—of looking at a distance when there Was no distance to look at, and resting the eye on an imaginary picture of the horizon. A second step toward rest was the relaxa- tion of that tension in the muscles round the eye, and especially in the muscles of the | Which characterized men of the city, and busy men everywhere, when they © attending intently to something which considered imporiant. A third step s the teaching of the muscles round the mouth to “stand at ease” rather than “at attention.” This threefold process he called “expansion of the attention.” It was a mistake to suppose that this whole subject Was stupid; nothing was more evident in this bustling age than ‘hat most men and women had not the most remote notion of keeping their minds at rest. In play and at werk alike wé were “pressing’—io use an expression from the language of. goit— nearly all the time, anxious minded and strained. Passing on to the subject. of | “hurry.” the lecturer noted that thers was a world of difference between prompines: or quickness and hurry. ‘The diff-rence was that when we hurried we were anxious: mindsd—we were “pressing cessive tension disordered eaking of panic, turer offered fous hints for “squandering the atten- tion’ by way of minimizing the effect of shocks. Closely allied to panic, bt more nore chronic, was the v 1 ch we called worry. Wor an inability to withdraw the attentio: unpleasantness, was a vic s | ampant among us; a most reprehensible vice, because so unnecessary and so casily evaded. If we practiced what he had calied the gymnastics of rest we would never wor- ry. We would feel pain and distress cfien enough. but our mind weuld not dwell on the feeling of tiem. SHOE EY One of the Few Things That Are sola by the Million, From the New York Sun, ‘There are many things that are sold by the gro#s, and not a few that are sold by the thousand, but there are not many that are sold by the million. Among the things that are so sold, however, are shoe eyelets. Shoe eyelets are made of brass by ma- chines, whose operation is almost entirely automatic. Three or four machines are re~ quired to produce the eyelet in the form in which it ts sold, the brass being fed into the first machine in thin, flat strips. As sold to the shoe manufacturer, the eyelet is turned down at one end only. The eyelets look as much as anything like so many {little hats with narrow brims and without any tops in the crowns. The upper end of the crown, which is like the end of a little cyilnder, is put through the eyelet hole in the shoe, the finished brim or flange of the eyelet resting against the leather upon the outside. After the eyelet has thus Seen put in place its inner end is turned down upon the leather by a machine made for that purpose. In the manufacture of the eyelets a number of very slight vertical in- dentations are made at equal distances apart in the outside of the eyelet, around the smooth, straight end. When the shoe ma- chine smashes down the inner side of the eyelet the metal parts at these indentations and is spread uniformly, thus giving it a secure hold. Eyelets are’ made of various sizes in di- ameter and of various lengths of shank or cylinder, according to the thickness of the material with which they are to be used; and after they come from the machines they are finished in great variety. Some are fintshed white—these are silver plated; some are gilt finished and some are cop. pered. Eyelets are japanned in black or in various shades of russet. ‘They are, in fact, anade in any size and of gny color Ciel From Filegend> Blatter, icA @HEATER HAT BY MISTAKE, DOCTOR McCOY TEACHES A LESSON The Renewal of the Rate of $3 a Month to All Patients and for All Diseases. Given as the Illustration to Carry the Lesson Home--What ’ He Considers the Proper Use of the Word Free. Doctor McCoy had something nbout offers of free treatment. essence of It was sim not ho: to lead people to n med office cn free offers and take their money. When Doctor McCoy established hin practice im Washington, for a ted time he trented everyone free. He would as soon atting his epting a cent fre anyone who responded to his free When thin fa stated peried he o nny month, he stated that the ¥3 was to | cover the cost of medicines: that his own services and those of his seague were free. He woul thought of cutting hix arm off as of taking more than 33 from any pa- tient. Does « aS svon McCoy made the word “Free” popular because his use of it honest. His offer to trent patients for $3 2 month, the average cost of me: eines, was believed and accepted by was thousands because they ki McCoy id the truth, because they his superb skill as a physician had never been tarnished by deceit or trickery as a man. It ix not enough that thix be once stated im public print. The lexson needs to be brought home soe hard it will never be forgotten. The public must be protected from any methods that are not perfectly sincere. The sick ones ef the public in any event | deserve protection, so Doctor MeCo ches this lesson, giving th again hin offer of #3 a month and promising to maintain this offer just as long an the resources of his office will permit of it, that ix, until the number of patients under treatment Deeomes so great as to prevent the possibility of hin personal carc and attention. This is the offer: UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE ALL PA- TIENTS APPLYING FOR OR RENEW- ING TREATMENT AT DOCTOR McCOY¥ OFFICES WILL BE TREATED UNTIL CURED AT THE UNIFORM RATE OF $3 A MONTH. THIS APPLIES TO OLD PATIENTS RENEWING TREATMENT AND TO NEW PATIENTS COMMENC- ING ‘TREATMENT. IT IS NOT © FINED TO ANY ONE DISEASE. iT MEANS THAT NO MATTER WHAT THE SICKNESS MAY BE IF A DOCTOR'S SERVICES ARE AT ALL REQUIRED, THE PATIENT WILL BE TREATED UNTIL CURED AT THE RATE OF $3 A MONTH. THE ONLY PEOPLE RE FUSED WILL BE PEOPLE WHO CA NOT BE BENEFITED BY MEDICAL ASSISTANCE. DOCTOR McCOY DU NOT WANT AS PATIENTS PEOPLE WHO ARE BEYOND THE HELP oF MEDICAL SCIENCE, Alex. Dercourt, 337 H st. n.e. Deaf 6 years. Cured. | HAD TO SHOUT TO MAKE HIM HEAR; NOW HEARS PERFECTLY, Alex. Dercourt, 337 H st. n.e.: “I had been deat for six years, When [came to Doctor McCoy I could not hear a word that was said unless shouted in my ears. “L conld not hear the electric cars, the door bell ringing, or even thunder. I tried many doctoss, while teaveling in Paris and elsewhere, and bave been treated By Many Physicinna Abroad. “They all said the same thing. that there was. no help for me. I read in the papers about Do--tor McCoy and I went to see him. After being some time under treatment, one day to my astonishment I suddenly heard the clock th Then I began to hear noises on the street, and people's voices sounded clearer. ‘ow I hear everything; the electric cars sound y lend. have no difficulty in hearing conversation in an ordinary tone of vice. I am Entirely Cured of Deafness. Tam very grateful, as I handily expected ever to hear again, I was so old. I was exiled from France in 1848, T served in the War of the Rebellion and lost my leg at the battle of West Pott in 1882," ver Wy, that it in| i | Ww Docior CURING CATARRE OF | Johan W. tea years in Navy t cat uth, titer Boetor Mets > hiaghaty | in me. j be for many ve wa e8 | Tecan work with | | John W. Little, 209 N st. s. Ww. | Cured of catarrh of entire | | System. | | STULL WAKING THE | CHILDREN HEAR; | NO OPERATIONS—NO Master Henry Oebmann, 50 itis Aged 12 Ty sou had been discharged, headache, He berause of his vould I his teacker, and xbe would 1 1 to reprimi umd him lec use or hood mothe iti I the ti Mary's “Cox"s many wonderful oares After a stort © his hearing now hears be camnot see but he hears HIS DEAFNESS KEPT HIM FROM PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. George “I was so deaf t make me in the I cou to shout at ine te k ene 1 could same room, If 1 pnt not hear it the. I had a ¢ 1 found ft was useless place of amusement, for I ot hear a clock 1 ise in my head a friend to try Doctor Me- result has been extrem ly n hear the clock tlek in the understand clearly all er 1 can hear my wateh tick new w’ Id pearly a fout from amy ear.” SERIOUS STOMACH TROUBLE CURED, A. L. Hixson, 164 Superior st. n.w.: “Two sears I caught a severe cold, which settied in my Stomach aml Bowels. Ever s that time-until I was treated by Doctors and Cowden I was a constant sufferer from trouble. I tried several remedies, but with no p my stomach would fern pressed Me d bad ment. and has fi I sicep well and T hb siclans and took maay ENTIRELY CURED OF A TERRIBLE SKIN DISi Geo. H. Cannan, 119 24 a “Abo e years ago I first dis mples about the si two or thre at a tin -¥ would spread and ce would swell up and b A mass of sores, the disease I lost tw During winter Last winter I lost seven doctors, by I read in the papers of t B. Barker, 1310 12th st. n.w., by Doctor MeCoy, and placed myself tment. I have been entirely cured. ‘The 5 those of a from ny skin disease to go to him.’ DOCTOR McCOY’S BOOK, FREE TO ALL. CONSU ATION FREE. McCoySystem ofMedicine Dr. J. Cresap McCoy, Dr. J. M. Cowden, Consulting Physicians. 715 13th Street Northwest. Office Hours, 9 a.m. to 8 , daily, Sunday, 10 a.m. to 4 that*may be desired. Sooner or later the japanning wears off, exposing the brass. ‘There are now made shoe eyelets that are covered with celluloid, which keep their color, but these are much more expensive than the kinds commonly used. Shoe eyelets are packed in boxes contain- ing 1,000, 10,000, 100,000, 250,000 and 500,000 each. Eyelets of the kinds most commonly used are sold, according to sizes and styles, at prices ranging from $6 to $135 a million. Some of the celluloid-covered eyetets sell for as much as $500-a million. The sale of shoe eyelets depends, of course, somewhat upon the prevailing style of shoe. When button shoes are more geit- erafly worn, not so many shoe eyelets are sold, but the number sold ts always very large. Hyelets are made for a wide variety of uses, up to the great eyelets that are sewed into the corners of sails, through which the sail is lashed to the end of the boom or yard. Taking them all together, the num- ber is enormous. Of shoe styles alone there are sold in this country some thousands of millions annually. From the London Figaro. “There’s lots o° min,” said Mr. Rafferty, “thot athracts a gred deal av atten-ion widout much thot’s substantial to show fur it." “Thrue fur yez,” replied Mr. Dolan; “the Mghtest man runs up the ladder fast- est. But it do be the wan that prt hod o” bricks wid’ "im that ra’ly cou -————_ -+ e+ After the College Vacation, Frem Life. Father (at the station)—“Good-bye, old fellow, and let us hear from you oceasion- ally when you don’t want money.” Freshman—“All right, father; but iet’s Sagan peered other. When I ia? to you "t mention money, you'll under- stand that I'm devilish hard up.” | HE KNEW A GOOD THING And Wasn't a Bit Afraid of D; or of Having Bad Drea From the San Francisco Post, Little Algy was invited over to the neizh- bor's for his Christmas dianer, and the first thing that caught his eye was a big cream cake. He declined soup, fish and turkey and his hosts feared he was so bashful he would not eat. pepsin “Now, Algy, what are you going to have?” he was asked. “Cake.” He was given a generous slice, and in an ineredibly short space of time it had dis- appeared. “What will you have now, Algy?” he was asked. coo Another piece went the way of the first. “Would you like something else, Algy?” “More cake.” I'm afraid you will have bad dreams if you eat so much of that rich cake.” (Algy was silent). “Can't I give you something else?” ‘Yep, cake.” ‘Well, you can have one more piece, but I know you will have bad dreams.” The next morning Algy appeared at the door of his late hosis. “{ just came over to tell you-that I didn't dream nothing,” he zemarked. “Can I have some more cake?” - a Very Suggestive. Prom Tid-Bita. A Parisian family extended their tality, during the czar’s visit, te tant provincial cousins, The some Other