Evening Star Newspaper, November 2, 1896, Page 14

14 THE EVENING STAR, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 2, 1896-SIXTEEN PAGES. _ A MOKI COLLECTION Valuable Specimens of Pottery Brought Here From Arizona. CLIFF DWELLERS’ SKILLED HANDIWORK Dr. Fewkes Talks of His Interesting Ethnological Work. CHARACTER OF THE PEOPLE One of the most interesting and valuable collections that has reached the National Museum in a long time has just been un- packed, and the work of preparing and cat- aloguing it for exhibition has already been begun. The collection represents some four months’ work by Dr. J. Walter Fewkes, the eminent ethnologist of this city, who, togetner with Mr. Walter Hough, also of the museum, spent the summer in the ex- humation and study of the ruins of a Moki village In Arizona. The value of their study can hardly be overestimated, in view of the additional light that it casts upon the history and life of those most inter- esting Pueblo people. In addition to what they Saw and learned, they brought back to Washington a most remarkable collec- tion of pottery and household utensils, as well as articles of personal adornment, that belonged to these people in prehistoric times. With reference to the Pueblos of the southwest, the word prehistoric is used to denote the time previous to the year Lv, so that the handiwork of t t least three hun- dred and fifty y azo, and possibly a great deal more than that. itude of the Collection. something lke 3,000 different arti- secured and forwarded to this It is believed that no expedition among the Pueblos or cliff dwellers was ever so fruitful in results. Certainly, as one sees the great collection for the first time he is struck not only by its magnitude, but by its diversity well. Careful scientific study, #t is belleved, will tend to broaden our present knowledge of the origin as well as the manners of the Mokis, who are regarded by ethnologists as a division of the same family to which the Zunis belong. Dr. Fewkes made the little railroad town of Wimslow, Ariz., the base of operations for his summer's fieid work. To the north lies a group of pueblos, which is known as the Tusayen villages, occupied by the Mo- kis of today. Much has been written of them, but it was Dr. Fewkes’ aim to learn more of the ancient history of the people in an effort to solve the vexed problem of the direction from which they originally fame. By some it is claimed that the Mo- Kis came from the south, and are really Aztecs, while others believe they migrated from the north, and to some the fact that shells were very common among them, along with other objects from near the sea, answers for proof that dwelt near the Pacitic. The Mokis, accordirg to Dr. Fewkes, dif- fer but little from their ancestors, and are lection represents the oki they originally the same quiet, peaceable, agricultural peo- ple, whe would rather run than fight, and who were probably driven into these desert regions by the more warlike plains Indians. The clif dweilings, it is generally admitted, were strongholds from which the could make their way to the valleys below to til the soll, and in which they took refuge when threatened gy the incursions of their foes. The Mokis are still a good- natured. agricultural people, who hav never given the government the slightest trouble, and have never been compelied to call on Uncle Sam for rations. They are a jovial, happy set, who enjoy a joke or a bit of fun, and are entirely different from the ordinary conception of an Indian as a preternaturally solemn and taciturn chap. hey Appreciate a Joke. “In fact,” sald Dr. Fewkes, in conversa- tion with a Star reporter yesterday, “it would be hard to find a people who appre- ciate a joke more than the Mokis do. I have seen them laugh until they fairly rolled upon the ground. I had a number of them at work for me during the summer, and it seemed as though they always picked on some member of the band as the butt of their jokes, and any comical inci- dent would start them to laughing hear- 'Y: While at the Tusayan Villages” Dr. Fewkes was told “by the old people there that they used to live about eighty miles south and that that was the place whence they came. They gave him to understand that if he would make a search there he would come upon the ruins of a former pueblo. He found it without any difiiculty at a point where the Atlantic and Pac railroad crceses the Little Colorado river and about three miles from the town of Winslow. The pueblo is known as Homo- lobi end from its size it is supposed to have accommodated between people. It is undoubtedly prehistoric, that is, it antedates 1340. There are three other ruins in the neighborhood, one or two of which are probably larger than Homo- lobi, but these were not dug into. From @ distance the ruins of this ancient pueblo, Dr. Fewkes says, looks not unlike a mour rising out of the desert, but when it cam: to be investigated {t was found to be larly rich in relics of that earlie tion. They show that the Mokis advanced in the making of pottery, weaving baskets and mattings, and in their quiet village life they were able to make advances along many lines of iffe far beyond anything ever accomplished by th predatory Indians to the cast and north. The, Mokis and the Zunis are very close- ly connected, though the former have been less modified by outside influences and are more closely identified with the aboriginal civilization, which is known to have extended from the Great Salt Lake on the north as far south as Mexico and from Las Vegas to at least as far as the present town of Prescott on the west. Taken From the Graves. Homolobi was deserted by the Mokis long before it ever began to fall into ruins. The people are supposed to have left on account of the faflure of the crops or the scarcity of water or they may have been riven out by some of the more warlike Indians, who occasionally made expeditions into that arfd section. It is certain that they left little of value behind them and Dr. Fewkes’ excavations discovered com- paratively few objects of inte: the houses proper. Fortunately for eth- nolegists. however, the Mokis had burial customs Which served to keep intact many articles that were clesely connected witli their every day life. Sometimes they would bury their dead beneath the floor of a room, seal up the grave and then move into some other room in mural dwelling. More frequently the dead were buried outside the walls, quite close at hand. In either case the grave was plainly marked, usually bs flat slab of stone. through which a hola was invariably cut to furnish a means of egress for the soul of the dead man. A cording to their religion the soul stayei with the body for a period of four days after death before wending undiscovered bourne. the future abode of bl tured as a happy hunting ground, but when a good Moki died he asked nothing better than to go to a place where the soil is always rich. where the rain falls in sufficient quantities and where the sea- gons are favorable te big crops. Of course the poor man and his soul needed proper nourishment until they parted company, so it was the custom for his friends and rela- tives to bury with him a goodly supply of food and such bowls and cups as he might need. If he was a man of promi- nence in the locality his personal adorn- ments and the Insignia of such office as he might have held were interred with his benes. If the late lamented was a woman household articles and cooking utensils went with her. Among these was alweys her mortar and pounding stone, for an Indian woman would find time hanging heavy on her hands through all eternity unless she could keep up her work of grinding corn fcr the family's dally bread. So it came about that when the graves were opeied a wealth of interesting ma- terlal was discovered. At first the Mokis of Tusayan were inclined to draw the line on what seemed to them a desecration, but when it was pointed out that the craves were many miles away and ancestors sev- eral centuries removed from them they | people and 400 within the com- but still way to the To a plains Indian ‘ays pic- waived their objections and when they learned that the excavations were made in order to throw light on the history of their race they entered into the spirit of the affair, right heartily. Character of the Collection. In all, upward of 2,500 pieces of pottery were recovered. With few exceptions they are unbrcken. They include such things a3 jars, bowls, dippers and cupe, in all shapes and sizes. Many of them are really beaut!- ful, and when it is remembered that they were made without the assistance of any sort of potter’s wheel, the work is truly remarkable. As a rule, they are painted with conventional figures, and the decora- tion is invariably chaste and effective. In the matter of decoration the prehistoric Mokis were far ahead of their descendants of today, and in point of beauty this col- lection surpasses that of modern Moki pot- tery in the museum. When the chief pot- ter of Tusayan heard of the excavation at Homolobi he made a visit to the place in order to study the work of his predeces- sors, and he owned up to the deterioration in art which time has brougit to his peo- le. D Anions the pieces of pottery found were @ number that are quite unlike any that have ever been discovered in any of the other pueblos. One piece is particularly interesting, for it shows evidences of a metallic glaze, something the Pueblo In- dians were not supposed to know anything about. Water was something that the Mokis never had in sufficient quantities, and in their religious ceremonies a special prayer was always sent up that they might have an abundance. So it came about that in their art they wére fond of reproducing ani- mals and plants that are more or less closely identified with rain or flowing streams. The frog was one of their favor- ite subjects. They probably wanted to make the rain feel at home and very wel- come when it came. The Gem of the Collection. Among the articles of personal adornment there is one piece that Dr. Fewkes regards as quite the gem of the collection. It is a gorget or locket that was probably worn by a big chief of the tribe. It is fashioned in the form of a frog, and it certainly com- pares favorably with the general run of Italian mosaics. The back is made of hun- dreds of little pieces of turquoise imbedded in pinon gum. The bits of turauoise aver- age about one-twentieth of an inch square, ard each is made with bev-led edges, so that they all fit with mathematical pre- cision on the curved surface. The Mokis had no metal tools, and as each tiny piece had to be ground down by holding and rubbing it against a stone surface, some idea may be had of the amount of time and labor that was expended on that one trin- ket. There are a number of finger ring: made from bone, and armlets and brace lets, made from carved shells, that show the possession of a great deal of skill on the part of the meker. There is but one metal ornament in the whole lot. This a copper bell, with a pebble inside, in gen- eral shape not at all unlike the modern sleigh bell. Dr. Fewkes brought back a large number of skulls and bones, which show that the prehistoric Mokis, so far from being giants, as they are often thought of, were, in reality, a rather undersized lot. These will all be carefully measured and studied for purposes of comparison in order to still further advance modern knowledge of this curious and interesting race. pie es ae THE GOTHENBURG SYSTEM FAILED. Attempt to Make the Sale of Liauer in Norway a Monopoly Futile. From the London Timeg. Tke British vice consul at Skiensfiord, in his latest report states that during the past year the time expired for which two of the towns in his district—Skien and Brevig—had the right of having the Goth- enburg system of bolags, or samlags, for the sale of spirts as a moncpoly. Accord- ing to the new liquor law, the inhabi- tants of towns have the right of vetoing the further existence of any bolag in their town. Both Skien and Brevig voted by large majorities against it, so that they have no longer those bolags, which were so warmly advecated by the Norwegian press when the question of the Gothen- burg system was fully ventilated a chort time ago. The fact of the bolags having been voted down in several other towns in Norwey besides Skien and Brevig shows that they are not so popular us might be supposed. But it should be stated that it is mainly owing to the persevering agitation of*the teetotal element, aided by the women’s votes, that these samlags are being ousted. In towns where these institu- tions are thus abolished, and where no privileges for the sale of spirits are still held by private fndividuals from forme: days, spirits canrot now be bought in smaller quantities than 2 liters, which practically means the non-sale of spirits in such towns. But in some towns privi- leges are still held by private individuals. This is the case in Skien, where the spirit traffic flourishes undiminished, to the great chagrin of those whose zeal has secured the abolition of the samlag. But no soon- er are the samlags abolished, which Is generally effected by agitation, and gives rise to considerable ill feeling, than the press complains that large sources of in- come have thus been lost to the commu- nities. The profits from the samlags were always utilized for the support: of char- itable institutions and, objects of general local interest, which must now be main- tained by taxing the ratepayers or else be totally abandoned. “The new Norwegian liquor law may have its advantages, but when it contains clauses prohibiting the sale, even in the best hotels, of any kind of spirits from Saturday midday to Mon- day morning the law becomes inexpedient and onerous. This is proved by the fact that the Christiania police authorities have found it wise to make representations to the government to obtain the relaxation of the ebove-named clause. The liquor question in Norway seems to be undergo- ing a crisis of alteration. Willing as the Norwegians seem to be to reduce the sale of spirits to a minimum, they are scarce- ly likely to allow of such far-reaching en- croachments on the personal liberties of free citizens of a free country. The pro- hibitions already existing in some dis- tricts against the sale of spirits have al- ready led to evil results in the shape of the excessive use of naphtha by the lower classes, and in the introduction of a class of liquor called ‘laddevin,’ which on an- alysis quite lately has been found to con- tain highly injurious ingredients, and the sale of wFich is now strictly forbidden. The British consular agent at Tonsberg also mentions in his report that the samlag in that town was abolished by public vote, so that for flve years brandy cannot be obtained in the town. —+e+—____ “Chinese Cheap Labor” in Amerien. From the Century. ° Of late years there has been a constant ery against “Chinese cheap labor.” What- ever may have been the price put upon Chinese labor when the great railways of the west were built by these people, today it is evident to all who have studied the question that there is no such thing as “Chinese cheap labor.” Chinese laundries charge higher rates than domestic laun- dries. Chinese laundrymen command higher prices than laundresses of other na- tionalit A Chinaman earns ordinarily from eight to gfteen dollars a week and his board and lodging. The white or col- ored laundress makes from four to ten dol- lars a week, without board or lodging. The Chinaman works from 8 o'clock in the morning until 1 cr 2 o'clock at night. Some- times he washes; sometimes he starches, sometimes he trons; but he is always at it, not tireless, but persevering in spite of weariness and exhaustion. Other laborers clamor for a working day of eight hours. The Chinaman patiently works seventeen, takes care of his relatives in China, looks after his own poor in America, and pays his bills as he goes along. In the Chinese store ten dollars per week is the lowest sum paid for a man-of-all- work. In a Chinese restaurant the lowest wage paid to a kitchen boy is twenty dol- lars per month and board. Chinese cooks will not go to American families for less than forty dollars per month, and they rarely ever stay for that sum. This, then, is Chinese cheap labor—a cheap labor of which ordinary people cannot avail them- selve: Not Authorized: From the Detrolt Free Press. Miss Kissam—“You seem depressed to- night, Mr. Dexter.”” Mr. Dexter—“Yes, ma’am. I went to a fortune telier today to find out my fate and was told that the girl I loved would not marry me. Miss Kissam—“But, Mr. Dexter, no fortune teller is authorized to speak for me.” 3.11 per RAILROAD STATISTICS Diminished Earnings During the Last Business ‘Year. MILEAGE SLIGHTLY INCREASED Depression of Business Affects Transportation Severely. PASSENGER CASUALTIES genes Much interesting information relative to the operations of the railways of the United States is contained in the forthcom- ing annual report of the interstate com- merce commission, advance cheets of which have just been sent to the office of the commissiun from the government printing cflice, where the report is being printed. The statistician states that in the last ennual report attention was called to the fact that the results of railway operation were influenced by the Columbian exposi- ticn, by the general depression in busi- ness, and by the large number of receiver- ships established during the year. The first of these unusual conditions has, of ccurse, ceased to influence the stalistics of passenger traffic. Business Depression. “Many evidences may be observed of continued business depression, while an in- vestigation into the inatter of receiverships shows that althcvgh some lines have been ischarged from the custodiarship of the ceurts, others have been taken under their Protection. There were on June 30, 18 169 roads.in the hands of receivers, being a ret decfease of 23 as compared with the previous year, This net decrease is the result of the fact that 54 roads have been taken out of the honds of receivers and 31 placed in the hands of receivers during the twelve months covered by this report. ‘These 169 roads represented 37,855.90 miles of operated mileage, being a ‘decrease of 2,563.01 miles as compared with the pre- vious year. The capital stock represented by railways in the hands of receivers was $25,673,464; the funded debt was §$1,319,- 2 and current liabilities amounted to 3194,175,826, from which it appears that the total capital of roads in ihe hands of receivers on June 30, 1895, was $2,. 144,- 503. Of the 169 roads in the hands of re- ceivers on June 30, 1895, 29 operated a mileage in excess of 300 miles, 34 operated a mileage from 100 to 200 miles, and 73 op- erated a mileage of less than 100 miles. Four of these 16 roads were not in opera- tion during the year covered by the report, and 2 were subsidiary lines forming parts of operating systems. Railroad Mileage. “The length of line of single track mile- age for which complete reports have been rendered duriug the year ending June +0, 1885, was 1 bemiles. The total mile. age for the same period being 180,657.47 miles, shows that there were 2,911.22 miles of unreported mileage in the United Stat The present report covers 08.39 per cent of total railway mileage. “The aggregate length of all tracks on June 30, 18% 6,804.26 miles, being an increase of over the total track mileage of the previous year, In- cluded under toiai track mile is the 10,€39.96 miles cond track, 2 miles of third track, 734.12 miles of fourth track, and 43,888.46 miles of yard track and sid- ings. The perceniage increase of singh track throughout the year covered by the report was 1.09 per cent, that of second track was 1.34 per cent, that of third track Was 2.32 per cent, that of fourth track was nt, and that of yard track ard sidings was 2.87 per cent. This seems to indicate, as was suggested In the report for the previous year, that under. the commer- cial con iitions which exist the tendency to- ward the development of existing property for assured trafhc is slightly stronger than the tendency toward the se eking of new traffic by the extension of line. Rolling Stock. “The total number of locomotives on June 2, 1895, In the employ of tha Pailways of the United States was 35,699, being an in- crease of 207 over the previous year. The average annual increase since 1890, in- chuding the year covered by this report, is 1,112. ‘The number of cars in the eof railways on June 30, 1805, was » be- irg a decrease of 7,517 as compared with the previous year. The decrease in cars assigned to freight service was Y,! pas- senger cars showing an increase during the same period of ‘4, and cars assigned to the company’s service an increase of 1,430. It cannot be said that this decrease in’ freight cars is due entirely to an effort on the part of cailways to economize in equipment, for, as is snown by subsequent summaries, freight traffic and freight train mileage have both increased during the year cov- ered by the report, while the average length of haul per ton has decreased. The true explanation of this decrease in the number of cars assigned to freight service is found in the Increased use which railways make of private cars. Reference has frequently been made in these reports to the fact that the existing law does not enable a com- plete compilation of railway equipment. This must be constantly held in mind in order to avoid erroneous conclusions. It Was stated in last year’s report that ‘the railway menagement made the slackn in business the occasion for destroying a larger number than usual of old cars and cars of an inferior type.’ It is possible that this may have influenced somewhat the changes in equipment during the present year. Train Brakes. “The number of passenger locomotive: fitted with train brakes on June 30, 1595, was 9,876, being an increase of 106 over the corresponding figures for the previous year. It appears that practically all passenger Iccomotives are fitted with train brakes, while the increase in the number of passen- ger locomotives is exactly the same as the increase in the number fitted with train brakes. The number of freight locomotive: fitted with train brakes on June 20, 189 was 16,712, out of a total of 20,012 freigh Iecomotives. ‘The increase in freight loco- motives fitted with train brakes during the year covered by the report ts 720, being 717 in excess of the Increa: in locomotives. The number of passenger locomotives fitted with automatic couplers on June 30, 189% was 3,893, being an increase of 414 over the previous year. By comparison with the number of locomotives in service, it ap- pears there yet remain 6,106 passenger loco- motives without automatic couplers. The number of freight locomotives fitted with automatic couplers on June 80, 18095, was 2,039, being an increase of 731 over the pre- vious year. When, however, it is remem- bered there are 20,012 locomotives in serv- ice, the deficiency in this regard becomes apparent. “The number of passenger cars fitted with train brakes on June 30, 1895, was 32,384, being a decrease of 19 as compared with the previous year. The number of passenger cars in service was 38,112. The number of freight cars fitted with train brakes on June 30, 1895, was 295,073, out of a ‘total of 1,196,119 cars assigned to the freight serv- ice. The number of passenger cars fitted With automatic couplers cn June 30, 1905, was 31,971, out of a total of, 33,112 cars in the passenger service. THe number of freight cars fitted with automatic couplers at the close of the year covered by this report was 366,985, out of a total of 1,196,- 119 cars assigned to the freight service. ‘The passenger service, both locomotives and cars, seems to be fairly well equipped with automatic appliances. : Much remains, however, to be done in the case of the freight service. Railway Capital. “The amount of railway capital on June 80, 1895, was $10,968,584,385, which, as- signed upon a mileage basis, shows that the railways of the United States are capi- talized at $63,206 per mile of line. The in- crease in the aggregate of rallway capital during the year ending June 30, 1895, was $167,110,572. Of this amount $127,182.07 is due to the increase in capital stock, $2x,- 912,554 1s due to the increase in funded debt, and $11,015,021 to the increase in other forms of indebtedness. Of the in- crease in capital stock, $08,113,185 is due to the increase in common stock and $29,- 969,812 to the increase in preferred stock. An ‘The increase in funded debt is a net in- crease, mortgage si having increased during the year $47,823,704, and income bonds $10v,545 during the year covered by the report, while maf ifeeous obligations show a decrease oi 1,055,908 and eq ment trust obligations a decrease of %,- Capes a ns a “An important element in the organisa- tion of the railway pr of the United States is found in the extent to which rail- Way managers invest cqyporate funds in railway obligations. “The number of passéefigers carried by the railways of the United States during the year ending Jung 30,); , Was W07,421,- 362, being a decrs of 33,266,837 as com- pared with the previous year. The number of passengers reported by the railways as carried 1 mile during the same period was 12,188,446,271, being « decrease of 2,100,009,- 622 a8 compared with the previous year. These figures indicate a marked decrease In passenger traffic, a decrease which is most clearly reflectéa in’ comparison of the passengers carried_1 mile per mile of line, which were 68,572 during the year ending June 30, 1895, as against 81,333 the previous year. Freight Carried. “The number of tons of freight reported by the carriers during the year ending June 30, 1895, was 696,761,171, being an in- creare of 58,574,618 over the number of tons carried the previous year. The num- ber of tons carried 1 mile was 85,227,515,891, being an increase of 4,892,411,189 as com- pared with the previous year, while the density of freight traffic shows an increase from 457,252 in the statistical year 1sv4 to 479,400 in the year covered by the pres- ent report; that is to say, an increase of 22,238 ton miles per mile of line. Notwith- standing this increase in the density of freight traffic, the figure attained is not equal to the density of freight traffic in 180 or in subsequent years, up to 1804. The good crops seem to have done some- thing for freight traffic, but the figures do not show the prosperity of the year 18:3. “The gross income from operation for the railways of the United States for the year ending Juno 30, 18#5, was $1,075,371,462, be- ing an increase ef $2,000,665 as compared with the previous year. Expenses of operation for the same period were $72% 720,415, being a decrease in operating ex- pensee as compared with the previous year of $5,698,007. The income from opera- tion for the year covered by this report is 1,047, being an increase of $7,703, as compared with the previous year. Net Income Diminished. “It should be noted, however, that the net income from operation for the year covered by this report is less than for any year subsequent to 189, with the exception of the year 1894. “In addition to earnings from operation, the income account of railways takes into consideration income from other sources. This income for the year ending June 1905, was $132,432,133, being a decrease as ccmpared with the previous year of $10,- 884,672. This item is made up from income from stocks and bonds owned by raflways in their corporate capacity, from lease of rcad, and from miscellaneous sources, and by comparison, it appears that the decrease in income from other sources 1s due to the decrease of $3,M4,784 dividends pald on stocks held by reporting corporations, and a decrease of $3,164,241 arising from lease of road. It thus appears that the decrease in income from sources other than opera- tlon for the year covered by the report is the result of a sale of stocks during the previous year (with the purpose, doubtless, of providing funds with which to pay dlvi- dends in cases of dividends being declared ess of clear income from the opera- of the year), or to the cancellation of stocks and revision of leases resulting from ccnsolidation or reorganizations. Fixed Charges. “The income from ‘operation, augmented by income from sourtes other than opera- tion, gives the amount of money at the dis- pesal of railways for the payment of fixed ckarges and dividend’. Under fixed charges are included interest, rentals, taxes, per- manent improvements charged to the in- ccme account, cost of maintaining the cor- porate organization of lines assigned to other lines for the purpoge of operation, and other similar items. The aggregate of these items for the rallways of the United States for the year ‘ending June 30, 1805, Was $425,66,921, being a decrease as com- pared with the previous year of $3,041,849. This sum belng deducted, leaves a final net income out of which to pay dividends of $56,116,259, which shows an increase as pared with the previous year of $360,- The dividends declared during the yeur, Including $673; other payments from net income, were $85,961,500, being a decrease as compared with ‘the previous year of $15,645,764. ‘The dividends declared, it will be observed, are greater than the final net income, from which it appears that the railw; of the United States closed the year. covered by the report with @ deficit from the operations of the year of $20,845,211, Employes Killed. “The number of rallway employes killed during the year ending June 30, 1895, was 1,811, andthe number injured 25,696, being a decrease of 12 in the number of em- ployes killed and an increase of 2,274 in the number injured. “The number of passengers killed during the year covered by the report was 170, and the number of passengers injured 2y--being a-decrease in the nambet “of passengers killed of 154 and in the number injured of 65% Tt 1s worthy of remark that the number of passengers killed during the year covered by the report is less, both relatively and absolutely, than during any year for which complete statistics are ob- tainable. “From the above statement ft appears that during the year covered by this report 1 employe was killed for each 433 employes, and 1 was injured for each 31 men employed In the railway service. Of trainmen—that is to say, engineers, firemen, conductors and other employes whose service {s upon the trains—it appears that 1 person was killed for each 155 employes of this class, and 1 person injured for each 11 trainmen. The number of passengers carried for each passenger killed during the year covered by the report was 2,984,832, and the num- ber of passengers carried for each passenger Injured was 215,651. The ability of accl- dent to passengers varies, of course, other things being equal, with the length of the journey. Passenger Mortality. “A more accurate statement of the Mabili- ties sustained by passengers according to the results of the year covered by this re- port is that 71,696,743 passenger miles were accomplished on the railways of the United States for 1 passenger Killed, and 5,131,977 passenger miles were accomplished for 1 passenger injured.” The report 1s concluded with a renewal of several recommendations made in prev- ious annual reports, with the addition of the following: ‘‘That Congress be requested to provide for the establishment of a bureau of statistics and accounts, which shall have the right of inpection and control of the accounting departments of the common carriers.” Making a Time, Table. Fiom the New York Maj} snd, Express. The making of a time table on a railroad is one of the most cgmplicated and at the same time one of the most simple things that comprise the dtties!ot an operating officer, Very few petiple pf the thousands that patronize the railroads out of New York stop to considerdthe preparation, care and nicety that must be\exercised in ar- ranging a schedule ‘for the movement of passenger trains. Yet cfanges are con- stantly occurring in’ trajn service, and these require a shiftthg, a it were, of the checkerboord in ordetto meet public travel and private facilities. The superintendent. is usually the maker of a time table. That is to say, he has in his office a big frameron the principle of a blackboard, which ig marked by an ar- rangement of pins and thread. The sta- tions along the line are shown, and when there is a change to be made he shifts about the pins and threads after due delib- eration and computation, keeping in mind, of course, the distance between stations and the other trains on the board. This system of making schedules is generally followed on single-track roads, and it be- comes quite an art to make a correct showing, because of the precision neces sary to be made for meeting, passing and waiting for trains coming in an opposite di- rection. On double-track lines schedule making is easy, but it is a task which no superintendent is anxious to assume, ex- cept when it becomes absolutely necessary. From the superintendent's office is issued the original schedule, and this goes to the gereral passenger agent's office, and that official notifies the traveling public of the changes, if any, in train service. Chilblains are cured by Salvation Oi. TREASURES IN AN OLD TRUNK. Rare Books and Curios Long Over- looked Found in a Garret. From the New York Journal. Thomas McCord, a well-to-do farmer and land owner, who lives near Hicksville, L. 1., In a house that was one of the numer- ous places occupied by George Washington as an army headquarters, is richer today by several thousand dollars, owing to the discovery in his garret on Saturday last of a treasure trunk. The house is said to be 150 years old, and the trunk appears to be still more ancient. It contained about fifty volumes of remarkably rare books, to- gether with a package of bank bills of the early half of the century, with a face value of about $10,000, and a small measure filled with copper half-cent coins. Mr. McCord, who is fifty-five years old, has owned the house in which the trunk was found for over thirty-eight years. He bought it from a man who had in turn purchased it from the old Hicks family, who gave their name to the town of Hicks- ville. This was one of the oldest families on Long Island. On Saturday Mr. McCord was talking to a relative, Robert Fullerton of this elty, when the subject of relics to be found around Hicksville came up. Mr. McCord finally took Mr. Fullerton up to the old gar- ret to show him a spinning wheel that had descended to him with the house. In pok- ing over a lot of ancient furniture and odds and ends, discarded half a century ago, Mr. Fullerton observed a trunk. It was unique in pattern, made of oak, and covered with undressed hide. The rawhide had cracked and peeled off in places, exposing the heavy oak body beneath. The handles on the side, the lock. and the general make-up be- spoke the genuine antiquity of the chest. “What's in that old trunk?” asked Mr. Fullerton, who found little to interest him in the spinning wheel. “Oh, a lot of old books and stuff,” an- swered Mr. McCord, carelessly. “I’ve never taken the trouble to read them.” Mr. Fullerton, who has a rare collection of his own, was at once interested. He be- gan an examination of the different vol- umes, and discovered that every one of them was unusually valuable. He recog- nized in the lot the collection of some en- thusiastic bibliophile, who had spent a great deal of time, travel and money in getting it together, and then, in some mys- terious manner, died without leaving it in appreciative hands. There were a few other things than books in the trunk. The most interesting of these curios was a medallion of George Wash- ington done on ivory. The miniature shows the father of his country at an advanced age, with high brow and hollow cheeks. The expression ts good, but quite unusual. The large roll of bills was made up of bank money—notes of the Bank of Perth Amboy and the Bank of own. The copper coins of 1802 and 1804, a dozen or more in number, were in a tiny gill measure. But the books claimed Mr. Fullerton’s attention. They were nearly all bound in original vellum and bore the unmistakable stamp of age. Many of the volumes were in the illuminated prints of the fiftcenth and sixteenth centuries, and none of them bore a later date than ‘1810. Among them he found an original history of the voyages of Christopher Columbus, by his son, Fernando, printed at Milan. There was Elzevir tn the lot, printed in 1633, containing a crude map of New Am- sterdam. As this part of America was not settled until 1632, it is safe to say that this map is the first one ever published of New York and vicinity. This volume contains ten other maps of the new world, with in- teresting wood cuts of American history and botany. There were also books giving maps of North and South America, printed in_164¢ Some particularly rare volumes of early cnglish history were found. One was the History of the Wars in Scotland,” print- ed in 1720; another a “History of Crom- well,’s Rebellion,” printed in 1648; still an- other gave the “Works of the Great Mon- areh,’ King Charles I." This volume was printed after King Charles’ death in The Hague. Cromwell would not permit any- thing favorable to Charles to be published in England, so the book was taken to The Hague to be issued. A histury of the “Reign of Queen Anne of Englard” con- tains some finc woodcut maps. One pic- tures the battle of Blenheim, won by the first Duke of Marlborough, and it is a sig- nificant fact that on a banner carried by the duke's forces appears the word “Con- stele.” “The Life and Exploits of Famous Erglish Highwaymen,” printed in 1645, is illustrated with several remarkable crimes of that period. There are many works on_ religious themes, the rarest of which are the two small volumes comprising a New Testa- ment printed in 15356. One large, curiously bound book tells of the expulsion of the Jesuits from France and was printed in 1764. A history of the Catholic Church by Edward Chiefendale, printed in 1653, and the first edition of a work on the Hugue- nots, printed in Venice in 1497, together with a number of old ecclesiastical works of the sixteenth and seventeenth centu- ries, make up the remainder of the reli- gious volumes of the collection. Among the miscellaneous books is one rare colonial volume, “Letters to the Right Hororable the Earl of Hillsborough, from Governor Bernard, General Gage and the Honorable His Majesty's Counsel for the Province of Massachusetts Bay, With an Appendix Containing Divers Proceedings Referred to in Said Letters.” This is marked as printed by Edes & Gill, printers of the colony, 1769. Other volumes are ‘The Inn Player,” a book on wrestling by Sir Thomas Parky of Bunny, baronet, 1727; a magazine of the seventh century; a book on “Luck, Ill-Luck and Lotteries,”” printed n_ 1658; an early American almanac; a New England Primer,” printed in 18:0 and bound with cedar; “The Art of Con- versaticn,”” by Stephen Guazzo, printed in 128; a dozen or more volumes of the drama printed in 1750, and about twenty volumes bound in vellum and treating of various subjects in the Spanish language. ——_+ e+ —___- To Sleep Well. Dr. R. L. Parsons in the Medical Record. A light supper just before retiring is usually of advantage. Babies and brute animals are usually somnolent when their stemachs are well supplied with food, the activity of the stomach withdrawing the excess of blood from the brain, where it is not needed during sleep. On the other hand, people who are very hungry usually find it difficult to sleep. And, then, a habit of sleep at a regular time and during prop- er hours should be cultivated in case this habit has been lost. In accomplishing this, the attainment of a favorable state of mind is of great importance. Sleep cannot be en- forced by a direct exercise of the will. The very effort of the will to command sleep is enough to render its attainment nugatory. The mental state to be encour- aged is one of quiescence, one of indiffer- ence, a feeling that the recumbent posture is a proper one for rest, and that if the thoughts are disposed to continue active they may be safely allowed to take their course without any effort toward control. This state of mind and thought is next akin to dreams, and dreaming is next akin to sound sleep. Many mental methods have been advised and put in practice for the purpose of se- curing sleep, the design being to turn the thoughts from objects of interest to a con- dition of monotony; as by mentally repeat- ing well-remembered phrases or sentences, or by counting. But the state of indiffer- ence, if this can be obtained, is likely to be the most efficient, as being the least active. The mere mention of these simple methods will be sufficient to suggest others equally effective. Ss Photographic Marvels. From the Popular Science News. In mpking instantaneous photographs of the splash formed by a falling liquid, Prof. Wortkington has succeeded in giving an exposure cf less than three one-millionths of a second! This is effected with an elec- tric spark which can be so accurately timed that the operator can select any de- sired stage In the progress of a splash with- in Mmits of error not exceeding two one- thousandths of a second. A photographic printing machine, exhibited at a recent “conversazione” of the Royal Society, had a roll of prepared bromide paper fed in at one end and turned out finished photograh- ic prints at the other end at the rate of 2,000 to 3,000 per hour. These photographs are used for ‘Illustrations in newspapers and magazines. BUFFALO LITHIA WATER Nature’ for Gout, Rheumatism ang at aisederstan the ‘an and Bladder. Water for sale by druggists and grocers. ipuleton application. Proprietor, Buffale Lithia Springs, Ya. no2&4-2t | 1127 of the Code of the State of Virgi TO PROLONG LIFE. Imsurance Companies to Build a Home for Consumptive Policy Holders. ‘From the New York. Herald. The large and enormously wealthy in- surance companies eare considering a scheme to prolong human life. It is not a new-born spirit of philanthropy that has actuated them, but a strictly businesslike, though in every way laudable, desire to save themselves from financial loss by availing themselves of the best medical skill and appliances. Steps are now being taken by these com- panies which will result in the building of @ sanitarium for the express purpose of prolonging the lives of consumptive policy holders. It is a pure matter of business. They believe they will be able to save an immense amount of money by providing sanitariums for those of their policy hold- ers who are affected with tuberculosis, in- stead of allowing the disease to proceed unchecked until it results in the premature death of the policy holder. The sanitarium will fulfill the medical and surgical ideal. Every method known to science art will be employed, and every theory advanced by the great scien- tists of the world to check the invasion of the dread disease will be promptly tried, so that hereafter the consumptive who is fortunate enough to hold a policy in one of the companies connected with the sanita- rium may feel confident that he will be enabled to live as long as there is any hu- man way of keeping the breath of* life in his body. It is believed, too, that the influence of all this upon the patient's mental attitude will act beneficially upon his health, for he will not only have the feeling that his fam- ily will be provided for after death, but also that they will have assurance that the best medical care in the world has been given to him, and that no millionaire who ever lived could have had better. Dr. A. Jacobi of New York city, who has made a study of a somewhat similar idea recently tried in Europe, says that under patient care and skillful treatment many consumptives have been restored to usefui- ness in the community. The thought of founding the great sanitarium in America, however, has come from Dr. Dennison, 4 specialist of Denver, Col. One of the early results which is ex- pected from the establishment of the in- surance sanitarium is that the time will soon come when consumptives, no less th: persons in good health, will be insured by; the companies. This is no mere theory but, according to Mr. Halsey, vice presi- dent of the Manhattan Life Company, is a policy that will be forced upon the Ameri- can companies, Already those in Germany having the sanitarlum system in operation are plan- ning to have their representative branches in this country take such risks, and the American companies will have to defend themselves by doing the same. By refus- ing they would lose not only the consump- tive paUlents, but hundreds of others every year, who would be influenced by the sreater benefits of the German companies. Indeed, under such a system thousands of persons will be insured for the simple purpose of securing the advantages of the medical treatment. ses How to Prevent Shipwreck. From the Chicago Times-Herald, A certain young woman on the North Side teaches a class in a mission Sunday school. She has a difficult task imparting scraps of religious instruction to her young charges, and often emusing answers ar unconsciously returneé@ to questions which she asks. On one occasion she asked her pup’ What do the high priests do?” And received the reply: “They burned insects before the people,” by which the youngster, of course, meant incense. But one of the funniest experiences, which well shows the queer ideas which the children receive in their lessons, was given when, after a discussion of shipwreck which followed a lesson three or four weeks previously on the well-known story of Jonah und the whale, she happened to asl “Suppose a big storm arose at sea and it looked as though you were going to be drowned, what would you do?” “I would throw a man cverboard for a whale to swallow,” was the reply. sean ate Eka ah Telephones Witho From the New York Times. The names In the telephone book do not begin to represent the number of people in the city using the telephone. The reasons for this omission are obvious. Much val- uable time is lost In a large firm where sev- eral telephones are open to anyone who may happen to call up the firm on any ir- relevant business. There is at least one steamship company in this city which fol- lows the practice of keeping its telephone number private. Other business firms hae the number of one telephone made public, while others are only known to regular business connections. There are many pri- vate house telephones which never appear in the telephone book. AUCTION SALES. _ TOMORROW. WILL BE SOLD AT THE POU mber. , COR- ner of 23d st. and New York av won TUESDAY, | NOVE 3, 1896, AT. O'CLOCK 'P-M., ‘One ‘gray horse and one gray mule taken up from the northwestern see Ry order of the health officer. MUEL EIN, Poundmaster, It FUTURE DAYs. RATCLIFFE, SUTTON & CO «Successors to Lovel Diamond, Special Excel Bicycles, With full Factory Guarantee, fo be sold within our sales rooms, 920 enna. ave. new THURSDAY MOR: ”v BER FIFT YCLOC USTEES’ SALE OF THE TWO-STORY BRICK TRSTORE AND DWELLING, CORSEIL OF GRACE AND ‘THIRTY (HIGH) STREETS, IRGETOWN. By virtue of a certain decd of trust, duly record- ed in Liber No. 1698, follo 247 et seq., of the land records of the District of Columbia, and at the re- quest of the party secured, the undersigned, trus- will sell, with the 1 ents thercon, at public auction, in front of the premises, on MON- AY, THE TH DAY OF NOVEMBER, A.D. 1896, AT HALF-PAST FOUR O'CLOCK" P.M, part’ of let numbered seventy- 72), in “Old Georgetown,” described as follows: ginning tor the same at the Intersection of the west sid High street with the south site of Ch or ( street, and ruui thence south about’ seventy (70) feet seven ¢ southeast corner of said lot seventy-tw. thence westerly along the south lire ‘of said lot ninety (90) feet; thence north with H street to the south side of Cheriy street; with the south side of Cherry street to th ning. ‘Terms of One-taind cash, dalun and two ith interest at’ 6 p arnum, parable f-anuually, for whi chaser’ wil bis notes, er trust upon the property, or all’ pureh: ey my be pald in cash. A deposit. of $250 will be ne, quired at time of sale. If terms of complied with within ten (10) days ft , the trustees reserve the right t property 1 purchaser, after five days’ advertise resale In ‘some newspaper published in the rity of Washington, D.C. “All conveyancing end recording at the cost of the purchaser. ALRERT A. WILSON, Trustee, JOHN B. LARNER, Trastec or27-d&ds 1335 1 si DUNCANSON BROS., AUCTIONEERS. SCHUETZEN PARK LAND AND BUILDING As. SOCIATION CERTIFICATES AT AUCTION, By authority of the board of directors of | the Sctnetzen Park Land and Building Association, a corporate under the laws of Virginia, and in pursuance of a resolution of that board adopted on the 6th day of May, A.D. 1896, we shall sell, at bie auction, to the hihest bidder, on MOND aY, NOVEMBER SIXTEENTH, 1896, at ONE O'CLOCK P.M., at our auction rooms, cor. 9th and D ste nw., Washington, D. C., certificates of stock Nos 2, 5, 28, 26, 28 and 32 in sald corporation. Each Of sald certificates represents fifty shares of t yalue of $100, each share being sabject to further assessments of £29.50. The total capital stock of said corporation 1s represented by 1.450 shares of the par value of $100 each, Suld corporati (subject to a deed of trust to se t 3 to the Wash‘ncton Loan and Trust Company $65,000) the Iand in the District of Columbia merly known as the “Schuetzen Park.” and known as Stellwagen et al of Pleasant Plain’ in Libers County tively, of the records in of the District of Colu gates is to he sold under new. he provisie Any further information will be farnished by B. . Stellwagen, No. 1324 F street northwest, or by . 0. Heald, No. 902 F street northwest. ociS-dts DUNCANSON BRO! AUCTION SA! ES. FUTURE DAYs. RATCLIFFE, SUTTON & ©O.,. Auctioneers, Successors to Ratcliffe, Darr & Co. TRUSTEE'S SALE OF A DESIRABLE IMPROV OT ON A STREET BETWEEN ert AND 7TH STREETS SOUTHEAST. of Columbia, and at the request of the party se- cured thereby, I will sell at public nuctlon in front_ of the Pigmies, co THURSDAY tae TWELFTH DAY OF NOVEMBER, 1806, AT HALF- PAST FOUR O'CLOCK P.M, the east 26 fect front on South A street, by the full depth of the lot, of Jot 9, in square ‘S60, with the improvements, in the city of Washington, District of Columbia, sald property being a ninety-uine years’ lease, with the privilege of purchasing, recorded in liver 795, folio #5, of the aforesaid land records, full in: formation as to which will be given at sule. Terms of sale: (One-third cash, and balance in two juai installnents, with interest from day of sale, secured on the premises, at six and twelve months, or all cash at option of purchaser. A deposit of $100 et sale. Terms to be complied with in fifteen days. AN converancts at cost of purchaser. JUDSON T. ULL, 0031 -ddds Trustee. DUNCANSON BROS. Auctioncers. F VALVARLE IMPRovi 600 MARYLAND AVENUB NOKTHEAST. virtue of a certain deed February §, 1894, and ¢ 1su2, folio 217 of trst to ns, dated iy recorded in Liter No. of the land recomis of the District and at the request of the party secu: the undersigned trus- tees, will well, preimises, THE TH OF NG 186, the following @« fixes, situate in th Mstrict of C and being lot 12 city of square S63, ue per plat survey District fallo 6s, together with the impre ing of a large fourstery brick dw Terms of sale: One-fourth of th to be paid in cash, and t Austalln with interes par © balance in th per centum por . from . of the purchas VGENE CARUSI, NSTANTINE H! WILLIAMS: r Party Secured 2. “ NATIVL WIS" Nos. 6 DUNCANSON Bit TKUSTHES' SALF w Estat) Atty Fs AUCTIONE! Terms of sale: to be paid th cas! installments, pay futerest at ‘six (6) per ntum per ie wem-annually. from Las f wale, eeu: deed of tiust upon the property sold, or all. cas ton oft haser. AU deposit of $105 chk hewse Fold will ined of the purchases time of wile. revording arial fers at purchase Terms of sul n cays s reserve at the risk and cout EMMONS, B. BROWNE, Trostoes. IS POSTPONED UNTIL NTH, INWi, at the same Trustees, N & O0., Auctioncers, ateliffe, Darr & Co SALE OF A TWé 3 AT AVAL hereon, #ituate Lat Xo. now known as Avalon EH in the off lumbia in Book ¢ wlio 7S. us of sal Lind cast, balance in two Yearly iustallments, with Interest at six per cent per annum, or all cash, at aption of parvlaser, Aa > time of portt of $100 will be required at t - JOHN J. WILMARTH, JOLIN MILTON, ‘Trustees, TRUSTEFS’ SALE ¢ IMPROVED PROPERTY ON By virtue day of December, AD of the land tees, WIHT sell, de Premises, on PRE ; pay ¥ En, AT HALF-PAST FOUR P.M, ali ‘that property in the District of umbia. Known as lots ten (10) and eleven (1), in Mock eight 45), of a subdivision of parts of a tact of lend known ‘as Whitehaven, made by J.P. Clark and E. B. Cottrell, as trustees f ads of the Potomac Land Improvement Company, 9s said subdivision is recomted tn County Subdivision Took 7, yay District of Colum aunong others, math all a mas of sal» of the surveyer's with the Improv Of a three-story x ra Improvements, third cash, Ialance in ene tes, with on pray S Cost. “ with trustees reserve th . after five days’ publi iser's risk and cost W. DOWLING ' WM. REDIN Woopws 0c 30-A&as, , AUCTION Lar SOUTH BE AND SOUTH « ALE OF BUILDING Lor N DELAWARE PITOL Yh eof a certain deed of trost to us,-dated 24, 18e4, aud duly recorded in Liber N ct seq. of the land records of the Iombia, “and at the meques and for default of aply With terms of f the porebaser wa depth Terms of cal. to be paid instaltn: interest; sem! the time the pm complied with with otherwise the trusters th sty st the + after at having been sold Springmann at and foot by the of trust, and My with the the sale on the abor at his risk and NATII'L WILSON, Att'y for party No F ost. now. UNCANSON AUCTIONTERS. ALUARLE iE, PRONTING § SIDE Or AND li STE in deed . duly recorded in 1 1 seq., of the lund records of Columbia,” and at the secured thereh the unde WH weil, at gy tion, in THUESI HE IMPROVE! wents, cons: and brick’ nail rns of to be paid im cast and th inialiments, payable in « With interest at six 4G) pyc peyable senti-annually, bye deed of teust upon t he option of th e reqitited « conver cost of th buildin —_ purchaser the A dopastt of Tmt the ding and ne purchaser EDMONSTON, H. WILLIAM FE. SONSTANTINE H. WILLIAMSON, Tensteos, ¥ for party secured, 622624 F st. ny