Evening Star Newspaper, October 16, 1896, Page 12

2 a 1 THE EVENING STAR, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 16, 1896—SIXTEEN PAGES. ‘A MEMORIAL 10 WAR CORRESPONDENTS [nique Monament Dedicated Today Upon ~ the South Mountain, | ment stands, the gap raveling down for a | quarter of a mile and opening out between | woods to the east, and between these pro- | montory woods the valiey of Middletown or tin, eight miles wide and eighteen long, hangs like a veil, its mountain making a wavy zone through the arch of the monument and upon its flanks. The towns of Middletown and Jef- ferson, the National or Cumberland road > Potomac gap at Point of Rocks are also seen through the aerial arch. The memorial of the army correspondents is a section of a wall like a portal with a tower and pier, resembling one of the gates of the Alhambra. It has a horseshoe arch on the ground of sixteen feet height and span, made of brownish red Hummelstown stone. The shape of the arch gives the otherwise solid structure an instep or bow peculiarly light and graceful. Three Ro- man-Gothic arches above give a heavier Romanesque trinity of expression and are of gray limestone. All the four arches re- veal the scene and sky, as the edifice has no interior, being a facade, like the front of some cathedral altered from the Arabian and left standing like an admired fragment. ‘The great arch typifies the horseshoe on which the correspondent sped to his work; the upper arches express narration, pic- ture and photograph. Th Particulars. Abreast of the upper arches in an alcove is a white figure of Orpheus playing a pipe of Pan and idling with a sword. In the flanking spaces of the arch are heads of Poetry and Mercury in terra cotta, pan- neled in carved brick, with Acanthus bor- ders. Two heads of horses in similar pan- els are above the upper arches. A panel of rose brick runs across the monument, with the carved letters “War Correspondents, executed by the decorative sculptor, Mr. James T. Earley. Below the symbolic heads are stone shields, carrying the gold letters on their bands of “Speed.” “Heed.” The tower rises on the north side to the height of fifty feet, or ten feet above the square of the structure, which Is near forty feet in height and width. A pier or gable on the south side is some forty-six feet high, and carries a gold vane of a quill passing through a broken sword. Upon the The Men Who Wrote Vividly the Déily History of the Great Civil War~- Their Trials and Achievements Retold and Honor Doneto Their Memory—Some Interesting Ad- dresses. Gpectal Dispatch to The Evening Star. GAPLAND, Md., October 16.—The monu- ment or memorial to the army correspond- the war, one of *he centotaphs in monument in the great war, was s and invited ents and artists in most original and s America and the onl world to the reporting presented to its subs: guests today. It is also the only monument "pon South mountain, which is that long ridge running from Virginia to sland, in sight of Antictam and Gettysburg battlefields, and constituting the scutheastern wall of the great limestone valley of the middle states, in wnich valley are Marti Hagerstown, Chambersburg, Harris Reading and Easton. The Blue Ridge ts the southern counterpart of the South mountain and begins in Maryland right op- I the war correspondents’ memorial and to Alabama. In Maryland the Hine Huse coce by the name of Lik Ridge | tower is a flagstaff, which reaches the or Mary Heights, uns the Poto- | heigit of seventy-one feet from-the ground. mae at Harper’s Ferry, three miles above | Dowels of galvanized iron ascend the tower from the rear. The thickness of the cur- tain cr center is three feet, of the flanks from eignt feet to six feet, tapering up; ward. The battlements are strong and rude, and give a look of early antiquity to the profile, while the color of the body of the stone is a light gray, with lichens, iron, ete., lending it the variety of age. The cor- ner stone, well up the tower, contains the Gate of the local battle and the monument, “September 14, 1862-06.” Before the facade the road has been opened into a circular area of above a hun- d feet diameter, with urned gate posts of japland breaking the inclosure of stone walls, which are on all the roads, and of the material of the monument. The gap is only about one hundred and fifty yards wide, and in the space of three acres are five stone and one frame residence, with numerous adjunct buildings, the whole giv- ing the impression of a village, convent or collegiate institution. In the rear of the monument, which shows a stern, gray castle, looking down the descent are tablets of the correspondents and artists and of living persons, called the directory, who were selected to represent the guild or corpcration. At the south end of the monument is a genesis or bibliography of army chroniclers, from Thucydides to Stanley and McGahan. At the north end is a statement of the mo- tive of the monument and a part of a stanza from the Army Correspondents’ bal- lad below, beginning: “OQ wondrous ruth.” The structure stands upon an artificial terrace, and is surrounded with iron posts and chain. The contract price was $1,400, all the material supplied by the society. The hauling of materials cost $000. The dressed stone and tablets and the carving of ietters cost near $1,400. Materials cost besides freight, grading, fares, pro- jonal services, printing, engraving, ar- ns, etc. For its size, effect and extensive design this is said to be one-half the cheapest monument erected in this country. The Weverton, where the South mountain cross- s and several of their as well as the Catoctin mountain ‘ashington, and the Sugar Loaf still nearer ti ter, are all t of the ondents’ me- - rprisingly lofty and whicn the rival val- sant valley lie on of the monument, 2) to 300 feet beneath it and divide] by what was named Cra ton’s Gap in the war. In Crampton’s Gap was fart of the heavy series of ergagements in the mountain either s George Alfred Townsend at Thirty. the general name of alled by wath mountain took place | stone and site, forest lumber and natural aree days be-| materials were free. The cheapest bid from of Antietam. The latter the clties was $3,000 to do the construction alene. All subscriptions and payments have been through the Hagerstown Bank, whose cashiers, Ed. W. Mealey and John M. Bikle, have acted as treasurers. The mason was Daniel W. Martin of Brownsville, Md. S out on the limestone plain, mntain and {ts spurs. pion’s Gap several hundred ten killed and wounded. s it was only niles from Harp s Ferry the Union 1eral Franklin fired cannon the : = Directory of army correspondents’ me- ‘ ny carricd the Sap. noping (0 | morial—Gov. Lloyd Lowndes, George Al- had hoever, currendcted that morning, | fred Townsend, John Hay, Richard C. Mc- — ele z par ner spirals Cormick, Edmund C. Stedman, Henry Wat- pisheunth's wee Usnal Staten | terson, Whitelaw Reid, Joseph B. McCul- bork abe ‘tai oo “| lagh, Crosby S. Noyes, Nathaniel Paige, Bp the republican | Edward W. Mealey, treasurer; John L. y of the Smithmeyer, architect; Junias Henri Fos onsen pio Browne, James Elverson, Francis A. Rich- ardson, Victor Lawson, John G. Moore. Subscriptions — Lucretia Garfield, $1 Hugh J. Jewett, $200; George Alfred Tow send, $200; William C. Whitney, $200; Hegry rd, Victor Lawson, $150: retreat and built and literary p also a railroad to the west and s to the gap, nauling and cross Burkettsvilie, le, numbering the gap. ts on the mountain top 4 in a proposition to erect e to the guild of war cor- With very modes ‘or found that he Noyes, $15 liam Singerly, $120; Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, $108; Edwin L. Abell, $100; Pitt burg Disp: ; Brooklyn Eagle, $10 Henry C. Cannon, $100; James Elverson, $100; Stephen B. Elkins, $100; John Hay, $100; C. P. Huntington, $100; R. C. Kerens, $100; H. H. Kohlsaat, $100; John G. Moore, $i00; J. Pierpont Morgan, $100; Levi P. Morton, $100; Richard C. McCormick, $100; Joseph B. McCullagh, $100; Nathaniel t » mile below the entran a bus ed a popular chord. and money | Paige, $100; George M. Pullman, $100; ndered {n a liberal spirit by newspa-| Joseph Pulitzer, $100; Whitelaw’ Reid, gi00; Richard Skannon, $100; Frank Thomson, $100; Henry M. Stanley, M. P., $100; Calvin Wells, $100; Union It was resolved to build 2 memorial appro- | Cement Company, $100; Western Maryland priate to the gap in the nature of a feudal | 4nd Reading raiiroads, $77; John D. Arcn- to ass and look out sant valleys. r, the well-known ed to design the gate- drawings were made and | bold, $; John W. Bookwalter, $50; Wm. L. Brown, $#; Calvin Brice, $0; Colonel Cheney, $50; Mark Hanna, $0; S. H. Kauff- he pitch of ‘atoctin and P' mann, $0; D. O. Mills, $; A. A. Pope, $50; J hn D. Holt, $30; Pennsylvania Railroad, . W. Burchell, $26; Felix Agnus, ed by April 14, 1 and by | $23; R. B. Alger, $25; A. L. Barber, $2 e was done, all the | Geo. C. Becldt, $25; Asa Bushnell, $25; m paving executed In eight | L. Conger, $25; Joel Cook, $25; John D. hs. Crimmins, $25 M. Dodge, Robert Hi Franklin, $23 4 by circular letters thetic friends. Having r asked for any ald before in the course ctive professional Townsend’s friends came to the dially. es repeating $25 | Plimpton, $2 Prather, $25 James McMillan, $25; E. ; Horace Porter, $25; J. G. Redfield, Proctor, $25; A. R. Shepherd, $25; A. W. Soper, $25; Star, Kan- sas City, $25; P. Studebaker, $25;"J. B. Sener, $25; Jas. L. Wilson, $25; R. 'T. Wil- | son, John Wanamaker, $25; W. B. Allison, $20; Junius H. Browne, $20; Arthur P. Gorman, $20; F. McLaughlan, $20; John A. McCall, $20; E. C. Stedman, J. B. Henderson, $15; Colonel Burleigh, $10; J. C. Cémden, $10; T. L. Casey, $10; J. W. DePeyster, $10; T. A. Edison, $1 ut up of the r archw laid in cement and et of concrete and ound masonry. The mountain at that point nd the platform of the 1 to be filled out with 500 cubic yards of stone and ¢ y walls. Four roads ascend into the gap nite in one short road across the sum- ain hi g Grosvenog 10; Jos. Hawley, $40; Mn Scendloff, $10; John Sherman, $10; Jos. Sib- ley, $10; Francis Stetson, $10; F. H. Mason, %; W. R. Moore, $5; R. Sylvester, $2. Tablet at North End. CO eercecccemerscccccce To THB ARMY CORRESPONDENTS AND ARTISTS, 1961-85, WHOSE TOILS CHEERED THB CAMPS, THRILLED TUE FIRESIDE, EDUCATED PROVINCES OF RUSTICS INTO A BRIGHT NATION OF READERS AND GAVE INCENTIVE TO NARRATE DISTANT WARS AND EXPLORE DARK LANDS. ERECTED BY SUBSCRIPTION. 3 1896. Seeecccccccccccccescces Tablet at South End. CO eer cccvcccccvccos OUT OF ZERULUN THEY THAT HANDLE THE PHN OF THE WRITER. COO oreo rereererererrons . . Pee e reece eoreeeecrreseoooecoooe Judges. If WAS WITH LABOR THAT THEY WERE PERTAINED BEX CAUSE THOSE WHO WERE PRES. ENT IN THE SEVERAL AFFAT DID NOT GIVE THE SAMB ACCOU OF THE SAME THINGS. Thucydides, 425 B.C. XENOPHON ASSURED HIM WITH HE SHOULD NOT ES IN TRAVELING HOME UNLESS HE SOLD HIS HORSE AND WHAT. HB HAD ABOUT HIM. Anabasis, 309 B.C. ON QUITTING SCHOOL I BOLDLY UNDERTOOK TO WRITE AND RE- LATE THE WARS. Froissart, 1357. THEY SENT US BACK THE NEWS WHICH GREATLY RESVICED THE WHOLE ARMY. Philip de Commines, 1492. I_AND MY SON STAID WITH GENERAL BRADDOCK — SEVERAL. DAYS AT FREDERICKTOWN, DINED WITH HIM DAILY AND HAD FULL OPPORTUNITIES. = Franklin, 1755. KNOW MR, TRUMBULL AS A MAN AND AN ARTIST. ‘Washington to Lafayette, 1791. THE ENEMYS FIRE BMPTIED MONG OTH. SEVERAL SADDL AX ERS THEODORE WILSON'S, THE 1865. CORRESPONDENT. “DR. LIVINGSTONE, I PRESUME?” eoccrcccce ooccooens . . . . ° . . e PS . . . . . . . ° . . . PS . . . . General Sheridan, Henry M. Stanley, 1871. “VUI KTO? . MacGahan at Khivi Seccccccccccccece Tablet of Army Correspondents. Finley Anderscn, J. N. Ashley, Adam Badeau, T. Barnard, George W. Beaman, H. Bentley, W. D. Bickham, A. H. Bod- man, George C. Bower, H. V. Boynton, Junius H. Browne. 8. T. Bulkley, A. H. Byington, S. Cadwallader, S. M. Carpe: ter, T. M. Cash, F. G. Chapman, F. Church, W. C. Church, G. W. Clarke, John A. Cockerill, C. C. Coffin, R. T. Colburn, Joel Cook, T. M. Cook, Creighton, L. L. . . . . . . . ‘AMERICANETZ. 1873. eS ooeee . . ° ° ° . . . ° . . ° . . ° . ° . . . . . . * ° . ° =e some new stone structy an arch and a tower. within the mit of en the friends of the press veterans. ¥ Commencing work the anniversary of Mr. have in six months achi and raise our flag wy seventh anniversary of, Brown from among théke hills upon the arms and armorers at Harper’s Ferry. Two arniversaries of wrath; and blood, thelr order reversed, span the, birth of this trophy to men who peapefully recorded the war. Si As in St. Peter’s Church at Rome the Evangelists alone who took down the story of the Christian ccnvylsion, Matthew, Mark, Luke and John,,, are painted in mosaic stone above all ofher things in the ear of that great dome,:so on the South mountain’s long summit, which rolls from Virginia to New England, this monument stands alone in the world to war corre- spondents. at Hagerstown, ir cost seemed ragement which ht extend to its ith.of April, the in’s death, we our ‘nemorial "it this thirty- ie raid of John Symbolism. All who wrote and sketched that war are preserved here without discrimination. The movement of this fund has hardly argused a comment; in two cases the de- sire was expressed by non-subscribers that Washington city was the better situation, but the men who clung to Washington in the war expressed not the campaigns and feats of the field. The feudal form of this gate shows Amer- ican liberty as it was with garrison and vassal, its portal pinched, jealous and flanked with sentry towers, and overhead the warder on the battlemented walk. John Brown’s Anniversary. Here between slave and free states, on the narrow border land, dividing che orig- inal slave dominion, Virginia, and the original anti-slavery commonwealth, Penn- sylvania (which emancipated before the Constitution), the spot of this monument afforded almost the only prospect of che light of valleys and of homes to our run- away fellow-beings, along this “ninhabited ridge. To them happily “nignt’s candles were burnt out and jocund day stood tip- toe on the misty mountain tops.” Among these very ridges also hid the grizzly captain and his parti-color:d band, which, like the Trojana spies, with their one horse, lodged within the walls, and by night stcle down to the armory below. Look westward through the natch of Sol- omor’s Gap, where hardly five miles away John Brown began the war! Look east across the Catoctin range, but fourteen miles, where the chief justice lived and lies Luried, who had announced the lasting rights of old feudality! k up on our monument and see the star spangled banner, which Judge Taney’s brother-in-law apostrophized over Balti- mere in 1814, and which John Brown de- clared was thg flag of his forefathers and he would havé no other. The bolted gate and portcullis are shat- tered. The arch stands open to tne light. ‘The mountain roads are Freedom's. Never before nor since was the activity of news and letters so much recognized by a government as in the great American war, and it is not with presumption, but after all the branches and particulars of the serv- ice have erected their trophies, that we urveil this, the only monument in the world, to the reporters of a war. Their Time Ripe. At our period the press was just ready with the higher appliances of printing, and our themes and contributions capitalized the press institution. Seven years before our war William How- ard Russell had shown the influence of a uments in Washirgton whose pedestals cost six times its whole expenditure. It was also the fleetest enterprise of any upon our battlefields—finished within nine months of its conception. Ten feet of its solid height is invisible in the foundations. It has an art school to the stone masons of the country side. ‘The names of one hundred and seven Union army correspondents are recorded alphabetically upon the tall tablet in the north rear of the memorial and nine southern correspondents (all of them which we could verify), are placed in the south rear, the latter between two divisions of pictorial correspondents, numbering in all thirty-six. More anxiety to have fellow craftsmen omitted than recognized sometimes sought to direct us, but we searched the three Pictorial newspapers of the war-time and thus extended the list of artists which we had been led to believe were all named in our lower or second tabutation. No person 1s omitted, whatever his mis- fortune in later life; the only question we asked was, “‘Did he serve in this function of relating and drawing war events and scenes for the public information?” We thus have one hundred and fifty-two names upon our two tablets, and if there be other correspondents not here placed we shall provide for them .at our oppor- tunity. = War Philosophy. The daily newspaper is the trial of com- | — manders; it must print the day's news, not the week's news, and this news the | cleTk, and would risk my life. newspaper will not permit to be super- At seventeen he was correspondent for vised. Our civil war, so close to the daily | Holt’s New York Journal, the newspaper of newspaper cities, wag unlike the distant] Virginia merchant and ex-mayor of Wii- : Hamsburg, Va., and this Journal was pubs- wars waged on foreign ground and reported | iiched during the whole revolution at King- by the European press. There the outlet| ston and at Poughkeepsie, Holt becoming was controlled by the army, the interven- | printer to the state. Not improbably Ham- ing ground was hostile, the press depended | jiton, while on Washington's staff, com on the army to forward its news. But|municated news to this paper. He war American correspondents were passed in-| selected by Washington to proceed fros: to the armies of Germany and France only | Philadelphia to Gen. Gates at Saratoga. five years after our war, and were espe- | Washington saying: “You are so fully ac cially considered by thc Russian generals | quainted with the state of our army an in_the next war following. the situation of the enemy that I shali n. Even the war of 1866, between Prussia | enlarge.” and Germany, and its predecessor, the Dan-| Washington was then forty-five, Hamii ish war, were reported by neutrals. Amer-| ton twenty-two. He also wrote to his ican correspondents were in the Carlist war | tive islands such private letters that tl of Spain. Rev. Hugh Knox wrote in 1777, in reply t him: “The fine, impartial, laconic and high ly descriptive account you favored me with of the last year’s campaign excited in mc and many of your other friends here in St Croix an earnest desire of further account; from your pen of a war which will one day shine illustriously. ‘The very minutiae of that incomparable Washington will be read Publick Occurrences, the first American | with avidity by. posterity. Make and collect newspaper, and in Boston. Its solitary | such memoirs as the urgency of your af- number, for it was immediately suppressed, | fairs will permit you (so near his person) contained the account of the vepulse of | which may furnish materials for a history the Americans under Sir William Phips | with all that elegance and dignity of which from Quebec. your fine pen is capable. The God of The third American newspaper, the Phil- ] armies defend you to hand down to pos- adelphia Mercury, published war maps or | terity the present important scenes!” diagrams in 1734 of the battle of Phillips- | John Laurens wrote to Hamilton, when burg. Charles Lee attacked Washington: “The Tomorrow, October 17, is the cne hundred | ancient seeretary is the Recueil of modern and sixty-second date of that war map| history and anecdotes; the pen of Junius is publication. in your hand.” Laurens shot Charles Lee First Extra. in @ duel, invoked the ald of the King. of France at a levee when Franklin was too I exhibit here the first extra newspaper | mealy-mouthed to introduce him, and died probably ever issued, as it was hawked | riding upon the enemy at the close of the through the streets of London with Amer- Ee ont Plan Rear joins cee 7 ‘o ese correspondent spir! of the rev- Bae ee ny ie ante ar aa. | olution, let us add, on the other side, Maj. fazette Extraordinary, of the ‘late of Oc- | andre and Charles Stecman, the latter in tober 17, 1759, giving the first news of the | the battles from Lexington to Yorktown, fall of Quebec and the deaths of Montcalm | and the first historian of the war, whose and Wolfe. name is revived in Edmund Clarence Sted- rl man, our fellow war correspondent. exrnmorrow isjalso the-anniversary of/that)| "|i oary Lee, kne tather of Robert i. Kee, ‘This copy cost three pounds in London. | Was also an elegant relator of battles of ‘The paper is a good specimen of a com-| the revolution, and his son Henry was a still more elegant writer and beloved of pendious dispatch by the ranking officer of Tet Sonne ee I wish The Era. To trace some of the steps of the art of war reporting in our country is the oppor- tunity of this reporters’ and artists’ re- union. Two hundred and six years ago appeared At the duel between Gen. Charles Lee and Col. Laurens, Alexander Hamilton, the second of Laurens, took down the remark of Lee that “Every.man had a right to give his sentiments freely of military char- acters.” A good picture of a war correspondent he- fore the day of that profession per se. is Alexander Hamilton and Gen. Du Portail watching at Bat Stove Furnace, on the Jer- sey coast, for the French fleet to arrive. “Total stagnation of news here,” wrote Hamilton to Laurens from headquarters. “I always disliked the office of an aid-de- vamp,” wrote Hamilton to his wife’s father, when he quitted Washington's staff, “as having in it a kind of personal depend- ence.”” It was Hamilton who saw all the parts of Arnold's discovery and Andre’s penalty— Andre, whom Hamilton described the day he died as “amiable in virtue, in fortitude, in delicate sentiment and accomplished manners.” The spirit of the war corres- pondent was in Andre’s perilous journey within our lines. | fy Revolutionary Printers. The Declaration of Independence was not officially printed in the journals of Con- gress till 1778, at York, Pa., within caunon sound of Gettysburg, by John Dunlap. At York the board of war was controlled by Gen- Horatio Gates, whose home in ginia was in cannon sound of Antietam. In those early days the trail for pack horses from York, the German rendezvous, to the valley of Virginia, is said to have been through Crampton’s Gap, the site of our monument. The New York war relator, James Riving- ton, had been like Benedict Arnold and Gen. Knox, a bookseller, and kept his car- riage and bet on the turf, till failing in London he removed to America and opened Crouns2, E. Cuthbert, N. Davidson, W. E. Davis, E. F. De Nyse, J. P. Dunn, D. B. M. Eaton, C. H. Farrell, J. C. Fitzpatrick, R. D. Francis, T. B. Glover, T. C. Grey, C. H. Griffen, Chas. G. Halpine, C. Han- nem, B. Harding, G. H. Hart, J. Hasson, John Hay, 8. Hayes, L. A. Hendricks, A. R. Henry, F. Henry, V. Hickox, A. S. Hill, G. W. Hosmer, E. H. House, A. Houston, W. P. Isham, D. R. Keim, W. H. Kent, Thos. W. Knox, F. C. Long, R. T. McAlpin, Richard C. McCormick, Joseph B. McCul- lagh, W. H. Merriam, J. E. Norcross, Cros- by 8. Noyes, G. H. Osborn, B. F. Osborn, Cc. A. Page, Nat'l Paige, U. H. Painter, Count de Paris, A. Paul, E. A. Paul, E. Peters, Henry J. Raymond, Whitelaw Reid, Albert D. Richardson, W. Runkle, O. G. Sawyer, W. F. G. Shanks, R. H. Shelly, George W. Smalley, Henry M. Stanley, Edmund C. Steaman, Jerome B. Stillson, W.-H. Stiner, William Swinton, R. H. Syl- vester, Benj. F. Taylor, Geo. Alfred Town- send, B. C. Truman, Henry Villard, J. H. Vosburg, E. W. Wollazz, J. S. Ward, Sam Ward, F. Watson, E. Westfall, F. B. Wilkle, Sam Wilkerson, F. Wilkison, A. W. Williams, J. C. Wilson, T. C. Wilson, J. R. Young, W. Young. Address of George Alfred Townsend. Comrade Correspondents, Friends: Like the universe, this monument was evolved. Twenty years after the war one of the army reporters, still entranced with the campaign themes of his boyhood, found his way to this naked spot as the scene of a conflict he desired to use in a romance. Where he stopped and stood, an apparently unprofitable arrival to the laborers along the mountain side and the farmerz in the valleys beneath him, now arises this me- morlal thirty-one years after the war. Its lesson to the neighbors around it is the profitableness of knowledge and of let- ters and imagination to any people, how- ever they may undervalue these things. That uncommercial traveler found things to do: wells to strike, rocks to subdue, men to enlist, roads to create. The busy human head is also a farm, an eng: @ und a shop. Twelve years of pleasant contention with nature and rusticity had multiplied objects in this old battle gap when, like the image of Diana appearing to King Pericles, in the play, and seying: “Perform my bidding or thop livest in woe; Do’t and be happy, by my silver bow!” the apparition of this monument suddenly arose to the aging correspondent. Pen Peak. This mountain sallyport was one of three lofty embrasures overlooking the Bannock- burn of the war. As when Bruce, from Sterling Castle, looked down upon the vales of Scotiand’s freedom and set his standard there against “proud Edward’s power, chains and slavery,” there seemed to flash hronicler’s vision the flam- “The pen is mightier than the sword.” ‘War's Evangelists, ‘Till the clese of November last, 1805, no been born. Its Immediate occasion was the monument sprang from admiration of | virile army correspondent to elevate the reputation and revenue even of the London Times. The Telegraph, which has since de- graded the literary quality of the news columns, was not at that time nor consid- erably, in our war, a correspondent chan- nel. Mr. Russell was received in America with more solemnity than a foreign ambassador. For him the hostile lines opened and both the contending governments hoped for his support. He pleased neither side, yet, at this distance after the events, in view of his obligations, provocations and difficul- tles, and of our pride in Ais and our pro- fession, standing before this monument which is not to any side, but only to a function and an art, I have to regret that we lacked but his consent to enroll Mr. Russell upon our tablets as one of the chief special correspondents of the American war. He still lives, and he created the need and model for us before we dreamed of a war. Upon our tablets, however, is the name of his more artful and not less devoted shad- ow, Samuel Ward, the bon vivant. For every letter Russell sent to his paper Samuel Ward sent another to reach the State Department in Washington, using the remarkable opportunity of Mr. Rus- sell's friendship and facilities, to serve ‘Ward’s causo and government. The bon- hommie and cleverness which tricked Mr. Russell also tricked the whole confederate population. Stanley. Mr. Stanley, the Marco Polo of war cor- respondents, served on both the confederate and fede .1 sides in the war, and abused neither side, and at the close of our war commenced his long career with the spur and the pen among tht dians on our frontier. He also lives, and sent one hun- wea dollars in gold to #ssist this monu- ment. & The Comte de Paris was'in our army as an observer for the literary field of the press, like Lord Cavendish, whom savages assassinated in Ireland, and who had used an Englishman's privilege‘itc look across our hostile lines. le John Hay, Ele. As we have listed the Comte de Paris on our monument, we havé' Gone the same with Col. John Hay, the ; torian of the greatest ;man and writer among statesmen—Abraham Lincoln—a man who blended Montaigne with Sully and Montesquieu, and wrote iby; nature, as if he were Shakespeare's S0R..;. Mr. Hay was a campaigner in the war, a ress writer before the war, and is united sympathy and career. with this monu- ment, which he has promoted with his help and address. ‘The press men in the army were numer- ous. Fitz James O’Brien was one, and was killed.in the war; he whose tales and poems gave Harper’s illustrated paper some of its momentum to take up the war and abun- dantly illustrate it, Charles G. Halpine was another. He re- ported and embellished the captivity of Jefferson Davis, whom our employer, Hor- ace bailed out of bond. Among the dents who have most Uberally Pine to this monument are Henry | Villard, Nathaniel Paige, Richard C. Mc- Cormick, Crosby 8. Noyes, soneph B. Mo- itelaw ‘Reid, Junius H. Browne, Edmund C. Stedman, Henry V. Boynton, . Boyn' Joel Cooke and James B. Sener. . = bookshops in Philadelphia, New York and the victers who was left able to write,}| Boston, and failed, and then, in 1773, start- namely George Townshend, brother of the| ed the Gazette, and after the revolution Charles Townshend who imposed the taxes | failed again, but he sent news through the cn America to pay some of the expenses of | lines and so conciliated the army author- that war. ities that he was allowed to live in the city Frederick Hudson says that the writers | till his death, July, 1802. He survived both upon the Boston Gazette, Warren, the] Washington and Arnold, and in twenty Adzemses, Otis, etc., “stood the real Bunker | years was followed to New York by Ben- Hill monument of history.” nett. His espousing of the British side was ‘That paper, when almost fifteen years] traceable to a Connecticut military posse, eld, published the mest important de-| which destroyed his establishment. scription of the Boston massacre, and The files of his paper are in the New nearly four years later the destruction | York Historical Society. of British tea. During the revolution the | A daily paper -was secured to New York Gazette was published outside of Boston, | city through the revolution by four differ- and the News Letter, a loyal British paper, | ent papers dividing up the days of the was published for the garrison within. week, three of them using a fay, the Franklin and Washington. fourth two days. This arrangement is recommended to the papers now there if Franklin, as our monument records, re-| they shall continue to have misfortunes. ported for his newspaper, assisted by his | In 1773 Rivington, the Franklin of the royal son, the arrival of Gen. Braddock at Fred- | side, claimed a circulation of 3,600 copies. erick, and attended that general to get the John Prambull. ews and acted as his quartermaster. * America produced the first correspondent Washington at the age of nineteen made | artist, and he painted in the camps of our his only visit to any foreign land at the | revolution. Barbadoes Islands, where his notes on all| In 1773, at the age of seventeen, John phenomena and events were as painstaking | Trumbull painted the death of Paulus as his surveys and journeys in the inlaad | pmetius at the battle of Cannae, which is of America, while his character was form- Fee rans t Nee aia ing. his last act was preparing his papers |!" the Trumbull Gallery at New Haven. The next year he caught the growing mil- for the press. 2 ro Washington's wife’s connection, Col. John | itary enthusiasm. y father,” he says, “was now governor of the colony and Park of Virginia, rode with the news of patriot,” and his soa studied tactics, and the battle of Blenheim to Queen Anne. bad a distant view of the battle of Bunker Paine. Hill, which he afterward painted. For ‘Thomas Paine was one of the newspaper | drawing by stealth the eremy’s lines around writers who first addressed the soldiery - ee ee aft, in the camps. He was advised by Frank- | 2'eatiy needed. As the dispenser of Wash- lin to proceed to America at the age of| ington’s hospitality in Cambridge at the thirty-seven and edited a Philadelphia} same house where Longfellow, wrote so magazine, and about six months before | long, Trumbull began fate the Declaration of Independence wrote a| 0f att and letters to the revolution. At twenty he was colonel on Gates’ staff, and pamphlet to hasten the complete sepica-| united the natures of the artist and corre- tion of the colonies from England; he then | spondent, correcting the ideas of the geu- enlisted and was on Greene's staff. At the | erals by topographical and artillery experi- end of the same year he wrote another | ments. pamphlet, which was read to the regiments,| With him upon the staff was the and he was soon made secretary of the | first of our battle describers, Jamec Wil- congressional committee on foreign af-|kinson of Maryland, reared near the out- fairs and afterward clerk of the Pennsyl- | let of the Mcnocacy into the Potomac, and vania legislature, wiiere he gave his salary | afterward the author of memoirs of his to help pay off the army. He also was | own times, published in 1816, and compre- clerk to the commission to get noney f2om | herding both our wars with England. Wil- France in 1781. In a second visit Lafayette | kirson lived to command the army of the handed him to take to Gen. Washington | Utited States, but his pen was mightier the key of the Bastile. He wrote ‘The | than bis sword. Rights of Man,” in reply to Burke, to de-| Resigning from a — of injured rank fend the French revolution, and while out- | !n 1777, Trumbull hired Smibert’s studio in THE DEN. Beston, the patriarch of American paint- ers, and from his coptes, without a master, began to paint. “The sound of a drum,” he sald, “frequently cailed an involuntary tear to my eye. As volunteer aid-de-camp to Gen, Sullivan in Rhode Island, he say I sent my father (“Brother Jonathan”) a Cescriptive lette crawing of the field and the sword I had captured—thus uniting in one the correspondent, sketch artist and soldier. Gov. John Hancock, the political mertinet, waose example had cost Trum- bull his commission, called upon him when dsabled. It was a proud and consoling reflection,” ae says, “tnat he who had been President of Congress at the time of my resignation, wd who had both signed and forwarded he misdated commission which had driven ne from the service, had now witnessed ay military conduct, and seen that I was aot @ man to ask, but to earn distinction.” In 1780 he ventured to London to study art under the battle painter, Benjamin West, an American Quaker, and the first to paint his soldiery in the clothes they wore nstead of Roman nakedness. The Death of Wolfe, an American subject, by an American artist, vainted in London only a few years after the event, “created an era in British art.” West began to sketch at the age of seven, and joined an expedition to hunt for the remains of Braddock’s army, aid in 1760 visited Rome with orders to’ exe>ute, and, stopping in England on his return, re- mained there for life. His battle scenes from Regulus to Wolf and Nelson, for he lived to 1820, made it appear that war was the natural line of American illustra- jon. Trumbull joined West when West was only forty-two. Robert Fulton, who was nine years younger than Trumbull, also painted with West, and painted the first Ppancrama ever seen in Paris, whicn gave name to its place of exhibition, Passage des Panoramas. West, Falton Morse. Fulton painted battle scenes, such as Caesar crossing the Rubicon, and the sur- render of Cornwallis, but Trumoull had a more ideal purpose and continued his ambi- tion till he ornamented the tome of the American Capitol and executed the intent which makes him the antetype of our craft, namely, to paint from life and knowledge the whoie galaxy of the great men of the revolution. Entering West's studio he was placed be- side Gilbert Stuart, a pupil there at the age of twenty-four. Trumbull was soop Edmand Clarence Stedman. arrested for high treason in retaliation for the execution of Major Andre, and, on com- plaint of Count Rumford, another Ameri- can. Our revolution transplanted the arts for a time to England and greatly strengthen- ed British art. Copiey, another bat-le painter, and Leslie, Allston, King and Morse were Americans around the Lon- don studio of Benjamin West. Though some of tnese abandoned art, they gave to mechanics the steamboat and telegraph, which were ai their highest utility in the war of 1861. As a good picture of the first American war artist’s perils I may add that Trum- bull slept in the jail the first night with a highwayman and was com:nitted io the only prison spared by the Lord Gordon rioters of the time of Barnaby Rudge. He painted in prison during eight months and then left the kingdcm, which might be a good example for our later painters train- ed Only in foreign art. He jolned the camps on the Hudson river and lived in them the last winter of the revolution and then re- paired to Benjamin West again, for whom he copied the battle of La Rogue and made his own first composition of a military scene—the death of Frazer at Saratoga. He painted in West's studio the paintings now valuable for their prints of the deaths of Warren and of Monigomery, and suose- quently the battles of Trenton and Prince- ton and the Declaration of Independence. He saw the taking of the Bastile, was rec- retary of Minister John Jay in London, painted from life the important men of his period, nearly came to the guillotine in Paris, executed his engravings at Stuttgart in Germany and was finally caught in Eng- land by our second war with that power. At the age of sixty, poor and disappointed, Trumbull received from Congress the order to paint four American revolutionary com- positions for $8,000 apiece, and Secretary of State Richard Rush made that contract in 1817 which saved the rotunda from de- struction, and only a few weeks past Li Hung Chang, the Chinese statesman, sur- veyed these paintings with reverence for their information. ‘They were like letters and pictures from scme able war correspondent of the revolu- tion who had been dead above half a cen- tury. Cooper as Naval Relator. ‘The second war with England was re- ported but indifferently well, its best synop- sis to be found in Niles’ Weekly Register, which had but recently been commenced in Baltimore. The happy events of this war occurred at sea, and among our great cor- respondents was James Fenimore Cooper, who shipped in the navy as a common sea- man and worked up the mast, and whose history of the American navy is superior to most of the pretentious books subsequent to it. His sketches of naval battles were written in the times of their actors, of whom he was one. For thirty years he pourned out novels of frontier life, but when he criticised the weak spots in American realities he was so incessantly libeled that lawed in England was made a legislator in France, in 1802, at the age of sixty-four, the friend- ship of President Jefferson could not avail to save his popularity. ‘As he had climbed