Evening Star Newspaper, October 14, 1896, Page 13

HEROES IN BRONZE Union Leaders Erected in Washington. Statues of TRIBUTES 70 GREAT SOLDIERS Public Squares Adorned With Nota- ble Figures. WHERE THEY ARE LOCATED —————— ‘The military services of many who were leaders in battles on the Union side during the late war are commemorated by statues erected in various parts of this city. It is regarded as fitting that these evidences of the appreciation of the bravery and pa- The Erected Rawlins Statue. by order of Congress. triotism of distinguished men should be erected In the capital city of the nation. In the square at the corner of Connecti- cut avenue and I street stands the statue of Admiral Farragut. It is of bronze, made from the propeller of the old Hartford, Farragut’s flagship. It was designed by Mrs. Vinnie Ream Hoxie, the casting being made at the Washington navy yard. It The Peace Monument. Ereeted by order of Congress. Unvelled in 1877. was ordered by Congress, and $20,000 was appropriated. The unveiling took place Monday. April 25, 1$81, and was attended with a naval and military display. In the square formed by the intersection ef Vermont avenue and 15th street is the equestrian statue of Gen. James B. Me- Pherson. The money for the statue itself was contributed by the Army of the Ten- nemee, while Congress made an appropria- The Garfield Statue. ected hy the Army of the Cumberland. May 12, 1887. Unvefled tion for the pedestal. Louis T. Rebisso made the model. The statue was unveiled October 18, 1876, the occasion being the tenth annual reunion of the Society of the Army of the Tennessee. A military display and parade by the veterans of the Army of the Tennessee marked the event. Gen. John A. Logan was the orator of the day. Gen. Thomas, the hero of Chickamauga, i= represented in an equestrian statue of The Farragut Statue. Erected by onder of Congress. Unveiled April 25, bronze in the circle at the intersection of Massachusetts avenue, Vermont avenue and 14th street. The statue cost $40,000, and was provided by the Army of the Cum- berland. It was modeled by J. Q. A. Ward. ‘The unveiling of this statue, November 19, 1879, was made the occasion of an imposing military display. Stanley Matthews deliv- ered the oration of the day. At the intersection of Connecticut ave- nue, Massachusetts avenue and 19th street is the bronze figure of Rear Admiral Fran- cis DuPont, whith was unveiled December 20, 1884. It was designed by Launt Thomp- son of Philadelphia, and, with its pedestal, cost $19,800, which amount was appro- priated by Congress. Upon the day of its unveiling a military and naval parade was ing in command of Gen. dresses were made ty President Cleveland and Senator Palmer of Illinois. THE EVENING STAR, WEDNESDAY,- OCTOBER .1é 1896-SIXTEEN’ PAGES. held. The oration was delivered by Senator ‘Thomas F. Bayard of Delawaré. ‘<'* = The bronze statue of James A. Garfield fs at the foot of the Capitol on the west side at the Maryland avenue entrance. It. is a bronze figure ten feet in height, rep- resenting a cost of $55,000, -ef which sum $25,000 was raised by the Army of the Cum- berland, and $30,000 was donated by Con- gress. It was unveiled May 12, 1887, with imposing military ceremonies. An address was delivered by Gen. J. W. Keifer. The gallant Rawlins, Grant’s':chief. of staff and Secretary of War, in 1864, is com- memorated in bronze. A figure eight feet high represents this soldier in the uniform of his rank standing ia the field. The statue was ordered and paid for by Con- gress. It stands on the south side of Penn-' sylvania avenue near 9th street. Winfield Scott is memorialized in an equestrian statue, which stands in the circle formed by the intersection of 16th The Dupont Statue. Erected by order of Congress. Unveiled December 20, 1884. and N_ streets and Massachusetts and Rhcde Island avenues. The monument cost $45,000, which was appropriated by Con- gress. It was unveiled in i874. ‘The general is represented as seated on his famous war horse. At the foot of the Capitol, on Pennsyl- vania avenue, and facing west, is what is known as the Peace monument. It was built by contributions from the soldiers and sailors of the navy, and by civilians, and by an appropriation of Congress, the total expenditure being about $21,000. Franklin Simmons was the sculptor, the work being done in Rom2, the materi. used being Carrara marble. It was un- veiled in 1877 without ceremonies. The Thomas Statue. Erected by the Army of the Cumberland. Unveiled November 19, 1879. On the 12th of last May the bronze eques- trian statue to the memory of Gen. Win- fleld Scott Hancock was unveiled. It_is located at Pennsylvania avenue and 7th street, and was modeled by H. J. Ellicott, the cost being about 349,000. There was a military display at the time of the unveil- Miles, and ad- A committee of the Society of the Army of Tennessee has made an award to Carl Rohl Smith for a monument in memory The Hancoe Erected by order of Congress. 1896. of Gen. William T. Sherman. This memor- ial is to he located on the ground south of the Treasury Department, and at the head of Pennsylvania avenue. The cost Is to be $90,000, the main portion of which was ap- propriated by Congress. The design sub- mitted by Mr. Smith, and which has been approved, is an equestrian group on a marble pedestal. —__.>__. Where They Carry Their Money. From Harper's Bazar. “That man who just went out,” remarked the observant man, “is a butcher.” “He is,” replied the storekeeper. know him, probably. “Never set eyes on him before.” “Then how did you know that he was a butcher?” asked the storekeeper. “Simply by the way he carries his money. I noticed that when he paid for his pur- chases he took a crumpled wad of bank notes out of his trousers pocket. Butchers always carry their money that way. So do bakers and grocers, but I knew he was neither of them, and therefore concluded that he was a butcher.” The assembled citizens who sat around on boxes a2 barrels looked admiringly at the observant stranger, and asked for more information on the way different people carried their money. ““Bankers carry their money in nice rew bills, laid out at ful! ‘cngth in a morocco pocket book,” he went on. “Brokers al- ways fold their bills twice. Young mer- chants carry their money in their vest pocket, while sports carry theirs in their trousers pocket. Farmers and_ drovers carry their cash in their inside pockets.” “And where,” asked one of the men who Sat on the store boxes—‘‘where does an average man like me, who does not belong to any of the classes named, carry his money?” “In his wife's pocket,” replied the observ- ant man. ee pgs 2 RE How He Thought Kings Should Die. From Notes and Queries. Cramer was Voltaire’s Geneva publisher, and the following anecdote may perhaps prove to be interesting. At the rehearsal of one of Voltaire’s tragedies M. Cramer was finishing his role, which was to end with some dying sentences. Voltaire, ob- Jecting to the manner in which that death scene was played, cried out in accents of scathing scorn: “Cramer, you lived like a prince in th> four pri ling acts, but at the fifth you die like a bookseller.’ Tron- chin, being present, could not help in kind- ness interferin: “M. Voltaire,” gaid he, Geprecatingly, ‘“‘can you expect to have gentlemen tobe at the expense of dresses and fatigue of getting up such long parts if you thus upbraid them? On the contrary, I think they deserve the greatest en- couragement at your hands, and, as to m} friend Cramer, I declare that, so fax as I am a judge, he dies with the same dignity he lived.” Voltaire raised his head and glanced de- flantly at Tronchin. “Doctor,” he gried. “when you have kings to kill, kill them your own way. Let me kill ‘mine as F please.” < Statue. Unveiled May 12, “You The steamer Allianca, from Colon for New York, has put into the Delaware bay for coal, and is now anchored at Reedy Island quarantine station. SHERIDAN'’S GRAVE AWAITING THE CALL Camps of the Soldiers Who Died for Native Land. READY FOR REVEILLE AT ARLINGTON Monuments to Great Men and {| Tributes to the Brave Unknown. ASLEEP UNDER GREAT TREES —————— Whenever the veterans of the late war are gathered at the nation’s capital there !s no pilgrimage so fraught with interest as that to the great cemeteries about the city, where le buried the bodies of thou- sands of men who gave up thelr lives in defense of their country. No nation has cared for the remains of its dead heroes or honored their memory as this has done. The establishment of a system of national cemeteries was a new conception in governmental methods. There are in this country about eighty such na- tional cemeteries, in which repose the bod- jes of upward of 400,000 soldiers of the late war. These are chiefly located in the southern states, in the vicinity of great battlefields, but a few of them are in the north. Four of these, Alexandria and Ar- lington, Va., and Battle and Soldiers’ Home, D. C., are in the suburbs of Wash- ington. There is also one at Laurel, Md., some eighteen miles from this city. A stroll through these silent cities of the dead cannot but be interesting to the sur- vivors of the war, and doubtless many of the visiting members of the U. V. L. will want to take it. For such, a brief descrip- tion of these places would be of decided value. Alexandrin Cemetery. The Alexandria National cemetery Is pleasantly situated on Hunting creek, at the west end of Wilkes street. It can be reached either by way of King and Alfred, King and Patrick, or King and Paine streets. There are four acres in the cem- etery, which contains the remains of some four thousand Union soldiers, gathered frem the hospitals and battlenelds of the vicinity, one hundred and twenty of which are unknown. The = itnter- ior is quite attractive, many fine trees and shrubs adding beauty to the honored spot. No soldiers of any great eminence are bur- ried here, but near the center of the cem- etery, standing on an élevated plateau, Is the “Firerhen’s Monument,” which was erected after the war to the memory of citizen firemen of Alexandria, who lost tneir lives in a collision on the Potomac while in pursuit of Booth after the assas- sination of President Lincoln. The city of Alexandria, which {s inter- esting to visitors on many accounts, can be easily reached by ferry boat from the foot of 7th street or by electric cars from 134g street and Pennsylvania avenue. At Arlington. Arlington, one of the most historic spots in the vicinity of the capital, is located on an eminence on the Virginia shore of the Potomac and is convenient of access from this city. It can be reached by elther the Long bridge or the Aqueduct bridge, the latter or Georgetown route being perhaps the most pleasant. The Washington, Alex- andria and Mt. Vernon line carries its pas- sengers within a short distance of Arling- ton. The cars of the Metropolitan and the Cap- ital Traction lines curry passengers within a short distance of the Aqueduct bridge. Reaching the Virginia side of the river visions and memories of the late san- guinary struggle crowd upon one thick and fast. As one approaches Fort Myer, the remains of old Fort Haggerty are visible on the left, looking toward the Potomac. Fort Myer is soon reached, and moving along an elevated platform, the site of old Fort Whipple, the officers” quarters being on the right, a magnificent view of Wash- ington to the east delights the vision. The elevation here is 250 feet above the river, and the point is 3% miles from the Capitol. The fort was known as Fort Whipple dur- ing the war, and was regarded by military men as one of the strongest of the defen- sive works which encircled Washington. At the close of the war it was converted into a camp of instruction for the signal service, and now Fort Myer is a cavalry post. The forts on the heights of Arlington were the first connected with the defenses of Washington that were erected, and the idea of their construction was suggested by Gen. Mansfield early in May, 1861. He was then in command of the troops in the vicinity of the city. When the heights were taken possession of by the troops, May 24, the Custis or Lee mansion was found to be abandoned. The Lee mansion is now used as the office building for the cemetery, and is one of the most imposing structures in the neighbor- hood. Arlington, as a cemetery, was es- tablished in 1867. It_was part of the estate of the late Robert E. Lee at the outbreak of the civil war, and was known as Arling- ton Heights. Prior to Gen. Lee’s pro- Arlington Mansion. prietorship it was owned by the Washing- tons and Custises. In 1863 it was acquired by the government under the confiscation law, possession being taken the following year. In 1884 the government paid to the Lee heirs the sum of $150,000 and acquired a peffect title to the property. More than 17,000 of the nation’s patriots Ue buried at Arlington. On all sides are magnificent monuments erected to the memory of prominent officers, but even more impressive, perhaps, are the long lines of simple headstones which mark the last resting places of the boys in blue who fought in the ranks. The graves are for the most part occup‘ed by the remains of soldiers that were gathered from the va- rious battlefields between the Potomac and the Rappahannock, but many officers and soldiers who have died since the close of the war are also buried here. Points of Interest. ‘The amphitheater, which one passes in moving through thé*grounds, was erected in 1873, and was designed for use at the annual Memorial day ceremonies. It is capable of accommodating about 5,000 peo- ple. Just east of here is a granite sarcopha- gus, surmounted by cannon balls, which in 1886 was erected over the remains of 2,111 Y unknown soldiers, gathered after hostilities from Bull Run and other. battlefields. The plain between the mansion and the Potomac was occupied by the cavalry as a camp, drill arid parade ground in 1861. Gen. McDowell had his headquarters in this building in 1861, and it was from here that he marched at the head of the original Army of the Virginia to the ill-fated battle- field of the first Bull Run. One of the most impressive monuments at Arlington is the Temple of Fame. This dome-capped structure, which stands direct- ly south of the mansion, is supported by eight columns, upon which appear the names of eight distinguished soldiers of tae war—Garfield, Mansfield, Thomas, Meade, McPherson, Sedgwick, Reynolds and Hum- phrey. Above these appear the names of Farragut, on the east side; Washington, on the north; Grant, on the west, and Lincoln, on the south. The Sheridan monument, the Reno monument and the memorials to Gen. Baxter, Admiral Porter and other famous figures of the war, are among the interest- ing sights. ° Other Cemeterte: ‘The Battle cemetery !s on Brightwood avenue, or 7th street extended, a short dis- tance north of Brightwood and Fort Stev- ens. It occupies a part of the field upon which the battle for the possession of Washington was fought July 12, 1464. The forty Union soldiers buried here were killed in that battle. Near the front of the grounds {s a neat monument, erected about Tomb of the Unknown Dead, Arling- ton. five years ago by the survivors of the 98th Pennsylvania, to the memory of their com- rades who were killed in the bettle of Fort Stevens. The National Sald! Home cemetery is beautifully situate on gently undulat- ing ground, which: ipishaded by* fine old forest trees. It contains, nineteen acres and occupies the southeast angle formed by the Harewood -gnd<Pock Creek Church roads, being immegafaly east of the north end of the Sold Home grounds and south of Rock Creek ¢emetery. The most direct route from the city is by way of Ltrightwood and Whitney avenues and Sol- diers’ Home grounls. This cemetery was established in 1: and contains the remains of 6,418 Union soldiers who died in the hospitals in this vicinity during the civfi war. Of this num- ber 279 are unknown. Here are also buried 211 confederates. In the eastern ¢ the graves of the in the home. face ene qrosy beeutiiul monunents eis, that, er: re of Gen. Jonna’ Lonmne ee yo needy This cemetery, in the natural beauty of its surroundings, is excelled by none, not even by Arlingtoh. From the earthworke of old Fort Totten in the rear, which ure elevated 321 feet above tide level, a view 1s afforded which cannot be surpassed in the District. The graves are shaded by pea old forest trees. here is scarcely a cemetery within th limits of the District of Columbia that does not contain the remains of some Union soldiers and sailors. In some of them many are interred, but Oak Hil) cemetery, on account of its superior loca- a ong at ae surroundings, is the ast ome of the largest number, than 300 being buried he: Eno St. Elizabeth’s cemetery, across the Ana- costia river, contains the graves of more than 1,000 old soldiers who died in St. Elizabeth's Hospital for the Insane. In Congressional and Glenwood ceme- teries are also buried many soldiers and sailors. dof the cemetery are ‘regitlars who have died ———.___ How Thimbjes Are Made. From the San Francisco Examiner. The thimble is a Dutch invention, and the first one was made in 16S4 by a silversmith named Nicholas Van Benschoten. Orig- inally it was called a “thumbell,”” because it was worn on the thumb. In making thimbles the gold and silver ingots are rolled out into sheets of the de- sired thickness and cut by a stamp into circular pleces of any required size. These circular pieces are bent into thimble shape by means of a solid metal bar that is of the same size as the inside of the intended thimble; this bar is moved by machinery up and ‘down in a bottomless mold of the outside of the same thimble, and each time the bar descends it presses one of the cir- cular pleces or discs into thimble shape. When the thimble is shaped the next work is to brighten, polish and decorate it. First the blank thimble is fitted with a rapidly revolving rod. A slight touch of a sharp chisel cuts a very thin shaving from the end of the thimble, a @econd chisel does the same on the side, and a third neatly rounds off the rim. A round steel rod, weil oiled, is held against the surface of the re- volving thimble, and it is thus given a nice polish; the inside is brightened and polished in a similar manner, the thimble being held in a revolving mold. ‘Then a delicate revolving steel wheel with a raised, ornamental edge is pressed against the blank thimble and prints the ornament seen just outside the rim. An- other steel wheel covered with sharp points makes tiny indentions all over the remain- ing blank surface of the thimble. The last operation is to wash it thor- oughly in soapsuds, to brush it carefully, and it is ready for my lady's work basket. ———+ee —___—- Making Rounded Arms. From Harper's Bazar. In her article on “The Lady Who Does Her Own Work,” Mrs. ‘Stowe dwells on the value of housework in giving the very healthiest form of exercise, and for the average woman shows it to be far prefer- able to the work‘:of the masseurs, who, even in those days, more than thirty years ago, seem to have found plenty of patients. “Would it not be quite as cheerful and less eapensive a process,” she asks, “if young girls, from early life, develop the muscles in sweeping, dusting, froning, rubbing fur- niture, and all the multiplied domestic pro- cesses which our @andmothers knew of?" and then adds: ill venture to say that our grandmothers in a week went ever every movement that a gymnast has in- vented, and wentwevergthem to some fro- ductive purpose, tap.” “Here is a hint that women with thin arms would do well to take. It is sald to be really a fact that Clara Louise Kellogg, the singer, when a young girl, was much annoyed by the at- tenuated appearance of her arms when she began to don ‘evening dress at her crowded concerts. Some one recommended a brisk use of the broom, which advice she followed,- and soon had a round, plump member as the reward of her labor. It a thin, lstless girl, with a dull 2ye and stare, can by any means be persuaded to try the “broom cure,” she will be astonished to find what a beautifier it surely { a The jury in the second indictment charg- ing Frank P. Michellon, Camden's ex-city treasurer, with malfeasance in office came in yesterday afternoon with another ver- dict of guilty. k We will sell you s HIGH - GRADB Sligh Wheel== THE RUNNING CLIMBER,”” ND GIVE YOU"A NICKEL LAMP, TOOL BAG AND TOOLS, PATENT NICKEL FOOT BRAKB, 5 CasH. “EASY HILL aN Seegeeteatenteeageeteesentoatecdeeateteesteeteeinertoadraienteetedies We ought to tell you Shy ee eke ae and hope to continue in your confidence. on 2 wh that’s as us? A big variety of ele- ogo as any $100 Bie “Hoek ad gant, Mahorany Cham $F cycie t ot ti y Ww! ” c 4 Sets—more Boe “ snacks, to oeke stands by what he sells: Everybody who cinvorate ip a thelr de % ‘3 a sunaner 5 u i R ? 5 z side Tine ey eae a knows this store knows that. Special "patterng those 4 from now on we nee : = tee Hous pak + every Inch of room we ae terns. Scan’ get — and’ we! 53 willing to, buy. it at 5 = z E cd ett it kK E Pate ee uickly. Our guaran- : t et eae oon Eins o Carpet well laid. $ mouthe, Jere ae brid FURNITURE—CAKPETS—-DRAPERIES— greatest " opportunity: 3 Br cn wae 4 Fou'lt ever nave. Pa. Ave. and 8th St. PEt desepintion 4 a S Because it is an honest store, We buy the best—that we may sell the best—that you may know the fullest ‘satisfaction. We mark our prices at the very outset just as low as is possible. Where others cut to—we begin. Fi irst-of-the-season buyers here enjoy the same saving as last-of-the-season buyers somewhere else. Whenever yor find cheaper prices—it must be for cheap- er qualities—qualitiés that we wouldn’t — couldn’t guarantee ee es ss sD a Oe Og aE at thhe facts-- Why is this best store at which to buy your Furniture— Carpets—Draperies? We are showing & line of Oak °” Chambe Suites with swell-front draw- ers on or and Washatand, handsomely carved hea@board and top pleces; fine French ate mirror — such @ ite as used to retall aut $40 Is offered now at the opening of the season for $25 MANY BATTLEFIELDS Fights That Took Place Around the Capital. AT THE GATES OF THE CITY >—_—_ Washington Often Threatened by Confederate Troops. POINTS OF INTEREST Few great battles were fought in the vicinity of Washington during the civil war, but this neighborhood was well peo- pled with soldiers, who were kept con- stantly on the alert, for raids, skirmishes and small actions were matters of fre- quent occurrence. The most significant and the bloodiest fight of all was the first Bull Run battle, which was fought about twenty-one miles from the city. The sec- ond fight, known also the battle of Bull Run, was fought at Manassas, within a few miles of the first battle. During the early part of the war the citizens of Washington were well acquaint- ed with the sounds of the conflict, and the fear of invasion was constantly in the minds of all. One of the earliest skir- mishes that took place in this immediate vi- cinity was that at Edwards’ Ferry, June 18, 1861, and again October 4, and October 21 aod 22, in the same year, there were actions at that place. An unimportant skirmish took place at Seneca Mills June 14 and 15, 186i, and July 7 of that year there were skirmishes at Rockville and Great Fails. A few Gays later, in July, the forces of the twu arniles met at Silver Spring in a brief engagement. Early in May, 1861, Alexandria was evac- uated by the confederate forces and later in the month the Union army moved into Virginia and occupied Arlington Heights and Alexandria, capturing Captain Ball of the confederate army and his cavalry troop of thirty-five men. Colonel E. E. Ells- worth, commanding the llth New York, known as the Ist Fire Zouaves ef New York city, was shot and Killed in Alexan- dria. Skirmishes Across the River. August 18, 1861, there was a skirmish at Pohick Church, Va., about twelve miles from Alexandria, and later in the month there were skirmishes at Ball's Cross Roads and Bailey’s Corners. The last day of August there was a skirmish at Mun- son’s Hill. Fairfax Court Hou: which is about seventeen miles from Washington, was the scene of an engagement June 1, 1861, when a company ot regular cavalry cut through the confederate Enes. Six Union soldiers were killed and twenty con- federate: In the middle of July this town was occupied by the Union forces, under General McDowell, and this inaugu- rated the Bull Rur campaign, which eaded in the first battle by that rame, which was fought July 21, 1861. June 17, 1861, a ‘train on the Loudoun and Hampshire railroad carrying the Ist Ohio was fired upon and a brief battle was fought, resulting in a federal loss of twen- ty-one men aid a confederate loss of six. This engagement took place at Vienna, about twenty miles from Washington. In July there was another skirmish at that point, and in October the federal front was established at Vienna, while the con- federates had retired to Fairfax Court House. Ncvember 26 there was an unim- portant skirmish at Vienna, and again in December of the same year there was a brush between a scouting party of federals and a force of confederate cavalry and infantry. Forty-five Union soldiers were reported missing. November 2t 18% there was a skirmish at Dranesville, twenty miles from Washington. December 20 there was a more important engage- ent at the same place between the Ist, 6th, 9th, 10th and 12th regiments of the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, the Ist Penn- sylvania Artillery and the Ist Pennsylvania Cavalry on the one side and the 11th Vir- ginia Volunteers, the 6th South Carolina Volunteers, the 10th Alabama Volunteers, the ist Kentucky Volunteers, Sumpter’s Flying Artillery and North Carolina and Virginia Cavalry on the other. The fed- erals lost seven killed and sixty-one wounded, and the confederates forty-three killed, 143 wounded and forty-four missing. Thus, in the first year of the war, while the northern armies were driving the con- federates back to a ‘safe distance from the national tapital, there were frequent encounters between fhe opposing forces, and the rumors of great battles fought were frequently heard in the ‘streets of Washingten. “With the exception of Bull Run, however, none of these engagements proved serious. Z The Second Year. March 5, 1862, there was a brief skirmish at Pohick Church, resulting in a confeder- ate loss of four men. The day before there had been a skirmish at Dumfries, and March 7 and 9 the confederates withdrew from this neighborhood. March 10 there was a skirmish at Burke's Station between one company of the Ist New York Cavalry and a company of confederate infantry, with a federal lcss of one man and a con- federate loss of nineteen. March § the federal forces advanced to Leesburg’ and occupied Fort Johnston, the confederates falling back on Middleburg. In September there was a good deal of fighting rear Leesburg, skirmishes occur- ring September 2, 3, 4, 7, 14 and 16. On the last named date a serious engagement oc- curred, when the confederates secured pos- session of the town and the 10th New York Cavalry, aided by the 9th Pennsyl- vania Cavalry and ist New Jersey Cavalry, recaptured the city and drove the confed- erates to the hills with a heavy loss. The same territory was kept lively in Octo- ber by further operations, and just before the close of the year Leesburg was strong- ly occupied by Gen. Geary. ‘There was a serious engagement late in December near Fairfax station, where the confederates made a raid on that point, and there was some severe fighting. De- cember 4, 1862, a party of confederate cav- alry fell into an ambush near Annandale, Tomorrow ——. McKNEW’S. _ Last “Opening” Day! tunity miration Special bargains in each department. We take this oppor- of thanking our patrons tor their attendance and the ad- expressed for the beauty and variety of the stock. The Imported Coats and Capes are attracting widespread attention, and. ladies desiring, to secure an exclusive style should not fail to avail themselves of this opportunity, as many of these will not be shown again this season. $1 Gloves, 89c. As a special “Souventr’’ of the Opening Wwe will sell tomorrow all of our elegant $1 Gloves at the special price BoC. These include 4-button and 2-clasps, im all the new street and evening shades. of . 25¢. Hosiery, 19¢. AS @ special “Souvenir” of the Opening you may select any of our 2c. Hosiery, including Fast Blacks and Boot Patterns, tomorrow, for. 19C. You may take your pick tomorrow of any 2c. Handkerchiefs in stock at the “souventt” price of-ressesssseeee, EQEe 45¢. Ribbons, 29c. You ma; ke your pick tomorrow of those lovely velvet edge Me ‘Taffeta Silk Ribbons, with 3 the very newest “fad,” in’ all “colors. Regular price, == 29¢ 2sc. Neckwear, 2Ic. Tomorrow we will sell all the 2c, Neck- wear, in Tecks, Bows and Four-in- Hands, at the special “souvenir” price Of.....++ 3 2Ic. 25c. Leather Goods, 15c. Tomorrow we will sell all the 2c. Pocket Books und Purses at the special 5c. 23. We shall also sell the 10¢. Colored Celluloid Picture Frames for 5c. so sell the BOc, Seal As 8 special “souvenir tomorrow we will sell any of the $1.25 Gloria Silk Umbrellas, variety of handles, for, QO» Underwear, 63c. Tomorrow we will sell Ladies’ Heavg Rib- bed Balbriggan Drawers. Regular price, Mc. to $1.35, according to size, for.. ‘ Meni’s Goods “‘Cut.”” Tomorrow we will sell Men's Fast Black Hose, with high spliced beel and double sole. at the special “‘souve- nir” price of ea 630. ie. Tomorrow we will sell all Men’a Sdc. Fancy Club-house Ties and Bows at WI. H. Me KNEW, Ladies’, Men’s and Children’s Furnishings, 933 Pennsylvania Avenue. It Va., and there was some sharp fighting, with a confederate loss of seven and a Union loss of one. December 28 a raiding expedition under Gen, Stuart reached Burke's station and the town wac easily captured without a fight. March, 1863, the confederates made two separate raids on Dumfries and captured federal soldiers each time. In May there wus another fight at this place. March %, 1863, Gen. Mosby made a mid- night raid on ‘Fairfax Court House and captured Brigadier Gen. Stoughton, U.S.A. The federals lost thirty-three men. June a skirmish occurred near Fai with slight casualties resulting. There was almost constant skirmishing at this peint and in this vicinity throughout the sum- mer of 1863, being largely due to the opera- tions incidental to the Gettysburg cam- paign. Many Other Engagements. Throughout the remainder of the war there was hardly a month in which some engagement did not occur on Virginia soil within twenty-five miles of Washington. The confederates were making a constant effort to drive back the pickets thrown out by the federals and to force inward the Ine of defenses. Just as Richmond was the object of a general campaign on the part of the Union army, so Washington was the goal toward which flying columns of southern forces were constantly being thrown. The nearest approach to an ac- tual invasion of the capital occurred July 10, 1864, when Fort Reno and Fort S| a few miles north of the city, were attack- ed by a part of Gen. Jubal A. Early’s raid- ing army. A_fight took place at Fort Stevens on the 7th street road, and after a sharp struggle the confederates were driv- en back and the threatened capture of Washington was averted. The fighting on this occasion covered three days, although at no time did the engagement amount to a fixed battle. Forty Union soldiers were killed in the various encounters on that oc- casion. Within easy reaching distance of Wash- ington, are the famous battle grounds of Bull Run, Manassas, Fredericksburg, An- tietam and Gettysburg. The first four fields named are reached by the railroads leading from this city, and tourists to Washington who have war-time memories find a visit to these bloody grounds, which occupies only a few hours, full of interest. Gettysburg is but a little further away in a northern direction, and ts within conven- ient railroad distance. Richmond, too, the capital of the confederacy, can be reached within four hours of Washington, and here are many relics of the great struggle, including the house occupied by President Davis, the confederate capitol, and the scenes of many sanguinary struggles. American Horses in England. From the London Field. Durimg the last year no less than 10,000 American horses have been sold in London alone. A large number are used for the omnibuses and street cars. The cab master and small dealer profess not to touch them, .the former believing, and possibly rightly, that the majority of foreign horses are somewhat soft, while, as a rule, he de- clares that at his price he can get plenty of well-bred English horses, and that they do his work very well. The fact is, how- ever, that there are almost as many Ameri- can horses drawing cabs as American sub- jects riding in them. After American and Canadian horses have changed hands un- der the hammer they are resold without anything being said about their nationality. They get-into the country, and add to the difficulties and perplexities of the breeder. TO RAISE EI PHANTS. A California Ranch on Which It is Proposed to Breed Big Stock. From San Francisco Call. Lewis Sells, one of the proprietors of Forepaugh & Sells Brothers’ circus, owns 500 acres in Merced, and the firm is trying to obtain 500 more acres to add to them. Instead of raising fruit they will raise animals. They have come to the conclu- sion that the climate of California is ad- vantageous for that purpose, and in view of that fact are endeavoring to get ani- mals properly mated here. The firm has a man in England, George O. Starr, engaged in securing animals. He has been aa tensive traveler in South Africa, Kast India and throughout the world, ‘having made forty-two trips between America and Europe. His whole time is devoted to se- curing animals. The firm already has a big stock. First there is a pair of hippopotami, the only pair any circus has. There are two or three pairs of lions, of the African and Asiatic variety; there are fourteen ele- phants, there are one pair of llamas, seven camels, all sorts of antelopes, leopards, air of tigers (Royal Bengal), one pair one eland, one pair of nylghaus, s n Kangarcos and specimens of all kinds of animals. The elephants will be placed in a retreat representing as near as possible an Afri: can jungle. They are the most secretiv of all the animals and will not propagate in public. There will be large cages built for the lions and tigers, the floors of which will be the ground, and in these cages there will be compartments made of trees and tropical plants, fine will lairs. In a field inclcsed by a sixteen-foot high fence will be the places for the clands, nylghaus, tiger and other antelopes, and in another the zebras, Hamas and cam will be raised where they will be broken to work in harness and to bear packs simi- lar to the work done by those animals in their native country It is expected that the camel ranch will be a most profitable part of the enterprise. Camels breed in captivity even better than in their wild state, and will be invaluable for use ‘n sections of the country where water is scarce, and where it is impossible to drive mules, or where a railroad cannot be built. It is expesed that the develop- ment of mining in the desert sections of this country will give employment to large numbers of camels, and the demand for then will be undoubtedly very great. A whole flock of kangaroos will be turn- ed loose, and it will not be strange if with- in ten years California will become as mpiel for kangaroos as Australia ts at this ime. Tropical birds will be another feature. A large amphitheater will be erected, cov- ered with giass, in which the birds will be turned loose. 2 A large artificial lake will be made, the water for which will be supplied from the Hoffman-Crocker irrigation system, and the pair of hippopotami will be-placed in it, where they will be undisturbed for months at a time. Over 1,000 acres of land will be used an@ natives will look after the werk who un- derstand the habits and characteristics of the animals. It is expected to supply the zoological gardens end maragers of the entire world from this only zoological breeding ranch on earth, and it will be the means of advertising California move than aiything yet introduced. Agents will be sent to every part of the civilized world to represent this enterprise and to sei and trade new animals. so that aside from the con nent of the grated cages the conditions be almost identical with their native