Evening Star Newspaper, October 14, 1896, Page 12

12 THE EVENING STAR, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER: :i4 1896—SIXTEEN PAGES. MEN WHOWERE AT THE BATTLE FRONT The Legion of Union Veterans --Prominent Members of the Body Now As- sembled in Wash- ~~ in gton. The Union Veteran Legion, now holding its ennual encampment in this city is made up cf Union soldiers who were at the front. They are men who responded to the “call to arms when the Union was !n peril, and offered their lives on the field of battle. Many of them wear empty sleeves, or bear » other evidences of their loyal service. These defenders of the nation were welcomed “eagerly to the national capital during the dark days of the war. Their welcome now, more than thirty years after, is a no le: hearty one, from the citizens who hold grateful remembrance the deeds and ser- vices of the men of 1861. The membershi of the legion includes many prominent mea. The sketeres of some of them follow: Col. L. P. Wright. Col. Levi Wright, chairman of the citizens’ executive committee, was born in Masachusetts, received an academic educa- tion and entered the service in June, 1861, as major of the lith Massachusetts Volun- teer Infantry. Prior to the war Col. Wright was connected with railroads in Massachu- setts, relinquishing that bus'ness to take charge of a stage Ine in Chile, running fron Valparaiso to the capital, Santiago, a spur of the Andes. Returning nited States, he entered the serv- e of the Boston and Maine railroad, and was engaged to go with Gen. Banks to the lilino’s Central when he enlisted for the four years’ service in the army. Col. Wright went to Chicago and served as a mm of the fire and police r the great fire, coming to n where he has since re- sided. He 7m sioned by President Harrison te be reg! » and filled National Commander James. Gen. Geo. C. James was born in Cinein- nati, Oh‘o, January 22, 1842, and has Hved in that city all his life, except the three years he was in the army. He enlisted in Company A, 6th O. V. L, June 18, 1861, and was mustered out at end of term, June 25, 1864. He was given special mention by Major General Crittenden, commanding 21st Army Corps, in “Report of Battle of Shick- amauga, Ga.” He is a member of Geo. H. Thomas Fost, No. 13, G.A.R.; Cincinnati, Ohio, Encampment, 41, Union Veteran Legion. He was colonel of Encampment 41, U.V.L.. for year 1894, and is national commanile ber, 1895, n Veteran Legion, Octo- to October, 1896. Col. Jas. H. Carpenter. Encampment No. 43 of Reading, Pa. comes to Washington firmly determined tc secure the election of James H. Carpenter as junior vice commander of the Untor Veteran Legion. Mr. Carpenter was borr in New York city: he entered the Uniter States navy as third-class boy, April 12, I8G1, then being fourteen years and six months of axe. Nine months afterward he Was promoted to the rank of master's mate, making him the youngest officer ir tke United States navy, and two years afterward was promoted to the regular service for meritorious conduct. After the war he resigned the service and followed engineering, eventually entering the stee. business. Gen. A. L. Pearson. General Alfred L. Pearson, past na- tional commander of the Union Veteran Legion, and one of its founders, was born at Pittsburg, December 28, 1828, and ad- mitted to the bar tn 1861. He entered the service as a captain of Company A, 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers, moted to major, eclonel of his regiment: brigadier general for gailant “and distin. and was pro- guished service at the battle of Lewie- Farm, Va., when he took the colors of hit brigade ard led his comrades, making, at General Bartlett said, one of the most gal- lant charges of the era. Cn his return from the army General Pearson was electel dis- trict attorney. He afterward served in se- lect councils, was major general of the Pennsylvania National Guard for sever years, and was twice unanimously elected national commander of the Union Veterar Legion. He is at present practicing law in the city of Pittsburg. Col. Chas. G. Johnston. Encampment No. 97, Union Veteran Le- gion, was organized July, 1891, by Past Senior Vice Commander Jno. J. Callahan, who was its first colonel. Jas. W. Smith succeeded Gen. Callahan and served two consecutive terms. The present colonel, Chas. G. Johnston, was born in Saco, Me., May 5, 1845. At the age of sixteen years he enl sted in Company G, 13th Maine Volun- teer Infantry, ¢ommanded by the famous Neal Dow. Col. Johnston participated in all the battles with his regiment and was mvstered out at Savannah, Ga., August, 1865, after serving three years and nine months. He is a charter member of En- campment No. 97, and its first adjutant. He is also past officer of the day. He Is a past commander of Chapin Post 2, G. A. R., of Buffalo, and takes a lively interest in the Union Veteran Legion and the Grand Army. Col. Johnston is accompanied by his wife, who is senior vice president of Auxiliary No. 28 of Buffalo and a delegate to the National Auxiliary. Col. A. Blakeley. Encampment No. 1 was organized in Pittsburg, Pa. in March, 1SS1, and was chartered by the courts of the state in 1885. it was the first to organize. In November, 1896, eleven other encampments having teen organized, the twelve formed a na- tional encampment, Iowa, Massachus2tts, Ohio and Pennsylvania furnishing encamp- ments. There are now about 140. The member- ship of Kncampment No. 1 has been over 1,300, but now reduced to about 800, largely by death. There are members from nearly all the states in the Union, coming from over 300 regiments. They meet every Monday even- ing at 8 o'clock in Union Veteran Legion Hall, 6th avenue, Pittsburg. Albert B. Hay, Alfred L. Pearson, E. T. Saint, who, with others, led in the orig- inal organization, are yet alive, and will be at the Washington encampment. The encampment has been self-sustaining from the first. Jacob Frederick Slagle, vocate General. Gen. Jacob Frederick Slagle of Pitts- burg was solicitor of that city when the attack was made on Fort Sumter. He joined the Pittsburg Rifles, whose ser- vices were offered the government, but not accepted. Later, he entered the si first Neutenant Company D, 1491 sylvania Infantry, August 23, 1962. the Ist Corps was incorporated w! Sth Corps he was promoted to captain, April 12, 1864. He conducted court-martial at headquarters, 3d Division, 1st Brigade, and at headquarters Ist Corps and 5th Corps, and one court ordered by Gen. Meade. On :narch and in battle he served as aid-de-camp on 3d Division staff until ‘April, 1864, when he took command of a company; was wounded in the Wilderness, May 6, 1864. Rejo!ned -he army In front of Petersburg. June 30, and remained until August 20, when he went home to haye a necessary operation performed. While at home he was assigned to duty in the office of Judge Holt, judge advocate general, at Washington. When sufficiently recovered he requested to be relieved and returned to the regiment, but the request was refused. Upon the request of Judge Holt, Gen. Slagle was appointed judge advocate, Unit- ed States army, June 12, 1835. He resigned July 19, 1865, and returned to Pittshurg, where he resumed the practice of law. He was clected judge of common pleas No, 1 of Alleghany courts in 1887. Judge Ad- Col. Pierson Jones. Encampment No. 2, Union Veteran Le- gion, of Philadelphia, was organized March lieutenant colonel and was brevetted 1%, 1885, by virtue of special orders No. 2, issued by Encampment No. 1, located at Pittsburg. G. J. R. Miller of Encampment No. 1 was.detailed to muster in the fol- lowing named vetera who had seen more than two continuous years’ service in the war of the rebellion, viz.: E. Caldwell, J. C. Aitken, Geo. Baskins, Harry Cole «nd ten other old soldiers. Daniel Caldwell, Chas. H. Peterson and the mustering officer belonging to Encampment No. 1 also be- came members. Meetings were held semi- monthly, and recruits were takeh in in gfeat numbers until the membership num- bered over 500. The encampment became so large that a suitable meeting place could not be had. Consequently the en- campment divided, forming Encampment No. 20. Afterward other members Hving in Washington, Del., thinking they had too far to go to get to encampment meetings, organized and formed No. 34. Five ot! encampments—viz., Nos. 61, 63, 73, 76 and 87, the latter in Camden, N.J.—were formed out of this encampment, reducing its mem- bership to less than 200, the present strength. The officers for the present year are Pier- son Jones, colonel; Stewart MacDonald, lieutenant colonel; Albert Ivers, major; Jolin H. Platt, officer of day; L. M. Kieffer, adjutant; Wm. G. Mason, quartermaster; W. W. Abell, surgeon; Remi Boerner, chap- lain; John T. Parker, officer of guard; Wm. J. Caskey, sergeant major, and V. Caidwell, quartermaster sergeant. Col. B. D. Miner. Encampment No. 80, Union Veteran Legion at Indianapolis, Ind., was organ- ized November 14, 1890, and up to the pres- ent has mustered in about 400 members. Ben. D. Miner is the colonel. Wm. H. Tucker was national commander in 1803. John M. Paver has been a member of the executive committee of the national en- campment fer several terms. No. 80 Is largely made up of representative men, and always takes an active interest in all mat- ters concerning the veteran soldiers of ISGL to 1865. Benj. D. Miner. colored, of Encampment No. 80. was one of the first to respond to President Lincoln's first call for volunteers for three years’ service, and enlisted in Company A, 4th Ohio Infantry, and partic- ipated with that regiment, in’ the famous “Carroll's Brigade,” in all its campaigns, from Rich Mountain, in West Virgini. July 12, 1861, to Cold Harbor, Va., 1864, ir clusive, and has always merited the respect of his comrades in all his relations with them, both in his military and civil life, of which his present standing as the unan mous choice of Encampment No. #0 as thelr commanding officer Is suffictent evidence, but that has been still further expressed by their demand that he will allow them to present him for election as a member of the executive committee from the great and patriotic state of Indiana, John P. Donahue. John P. Donahue was born in Tyron county, Ireland, on August 12, 1841, and was brought to Delaware in his infancy, where he has continued to reside ever since. At the breaking out of the war he enlisted in Company A, Ist Delaware Infantry Regi- ment, April 17, 1861, and was honorably discharged by reason of expiration of en- Listment. He re-enlisted in Philadelphia, October 14, 1861, In the United States Ma- rine Corps, and was honorably discharged October 14, 1865, at Brooklyn barracks, N. Y. He was unanimously elected junior vice national commander of the Union Veteran Legion at the last national en- campment at Newark, N. J. He was mus- tered into the legion in No. 2 Encampment of Philadelphia about nine years ago, and is a charter member of Encampment No. 34 of Wilmington, Del. Also a member of the Gen. Phil. Sheridan Post, No. 23, G. A. R., Department of Delaware. Col. W. H. Parker. Encampment No. 100 was organized at Baltimore, Md., on March 11, 1892, with twenty-two charter members, and now has a membership of 100, whose average term of service was three years. It is now ac- tively engaged In, gprea the principles of fraternity, charity and, patriotism. ‘The present colonel, Wham . Parker, wat born in Charlest ao October 1,’ 1844; enlisted October i. 186i,’jn Rigby's Bat: tery, 1st Marylafid Light Artillery, and served three years ahd to months, dur. ing which time the battery was attached to the 6th Corps of ‘the Arnjy of the Poto- mac, e Surgeon Gencral Smith. Dr. Clarence T. Smith, surgeon general U.V.L., was born in the city of New York February 14, 1847; was attached to the west gulf squadron, commanded by Ad- miral Farragut, was honorably discharged at Boston, Mass., August 25, 1885. Grad- uating in medicine, medical department Montana fromy’ 1867 adelphia:ts a past was attached. to the ited States army in 870; resides. in Phil el of Encampment mber of Post 51, Gen. G. J. R. Miller. General G. J. R. Miller was born in Paris, France, November 1, 1846. Came to this country in 1849, settling In Watertown, N. Y.; removed to Philadelphia, attended public school until the breaking out of the rebellion, August, 1861. At the age of fourteen years and el months he enlisted in Company H, 5th California Regi- ment, commanded by ‘Colonel T. G. Moor- head, attached to Baker's Brigade, 2d Di- vision, 2d Army Corps, under General Sum- ner. After the battie of Ball's Bluff, in December, 1861, and the death of Colonel Baker, the brigade was assigned to the Pennsylvania quota, and the 5th California Regiment was reorganized and became kncwn as the 10th P. V. On account of his youth he was made. boy drummer for Company H, and participated in all the engagements of his: regiment. June 2 1864, after the engagement at Jerusalem Plank Road, but twenty-elght of the regi- ment answered the roll call in the evening. Dr. Miller and two others of his company were among them. On the return of pa- roled prisoners and discharge of the men whose time had expired the regiment was again reorganized_and formed into a ba talion, commanded “Wy Captain John Gal- lagher. On his eighteenth birthday, No- vember 1, 1864, after a service of three years and three months, he was honorably discharged from the service, studied den- tistry, graduating atthe Pennsylvania Col- lege, joined Encamprhent No. 1, U. V. L., of Pittsburg; immediately drew his. transfer to organize Encampment No. 2 of Philadel- phia; twice elected ‘senior vice~ national commander, U. V. I, and in 1890 at Fort Wayne was elected national commander. Col, Albert B. Hay. Albert B. Hay, founder of the order and first national commander of the Union Veteran Legion, was born at Zelienople, Pa., December 13, 1844.) He-entéred the ‘fresh- man class at Jeffefson College, Pa., and two and a half years later, without the consent of his parents, enlfsted in the 10th Pennsylvania. His father discovered his whereabouts before the regiment left the state and took him home after he ha been in camp a week, but nh September 17, 1861, while under seventeen years of age, he enlisted in Company H, ment, Pennsylvania Volunteer: He par- ticipated in all the battles of the Army of the Cumberland unde= Gen. Thomas, in- cluding Murfreesboro, Missionary Ridge, Stone River, Chickamauga, Chattanooga and all the battles of the Atlanta cam- paign. He was promoted to sergeant after the battle of Stone River, and was never one day absent from his regiment. He was mustered out November 4, 1864, 78th Regi- Adjutant General Spooner. At the age of nineteen, E. D. Spooner was a student at Farmers’ College, Hamil- ton county, Ohio, when President Lincoln made a call for 75,000 volunteers for an en- listment of three months. He was one among the number of students of Farmers’ College who formed a company, and en- listed April 20, 1861. The company was as- signed as Company G, 5th Ohio Volunteer Infantry. June 19, 1861, the regiment was mustered out as three montus’ volunteers, and to a man the entire regiment re-enlist- ed for three years, under the call for 200,- G00 volunteers. On July 5, 1861, Gen. Spoon- er was discharged from the 5th Ohio Vol- unteers, to accept the appointment as se ond lieutenant, sth United States Artillery, from President Lincoln, to date fram May 14, 1861. Barly in the fall of ’61.he was or- dered to the Shenandoah Valley. During the winter of ’61 and ’62, and up to June, °63, Battery L was operating up and down the valley. He was at the battle of Win- chester, under Gen. Robert H. Milroy; also at Harper's Ferry,and;the last day during the great and historic battle of Gettysburg. July 1, 1864, he received his promotion as first lieutenant of‘His regiment, and trans- ferred to Battery 7H, which was then serv- ing with the Army)of the Cumberland. The suffering and privationg which the Army of the Cumberland ‘tent’ through after the battle of Chickamatga;'at Chattanooga, on and up to the time the great battles of Missionary Ridge;:Logkout Mountain and surroundings werg, fought, under the com- mand of Gen. U. S. Grant. He served with his battery in Tennessee up to January 26; 1865, at which time he resigned his commisstoh in the army and entered the walks:of civil life. w. Potter Kremer, General. General W. Potter Kremer of New York \ External use of Salvation Oil kills pain. Quartermaster city was born in Wilkesbarre, Pa., in 1841. He removed to Iewa in 1847 and was rear- ed ou a farm, receiving only a comnon. school education. He enlisted in Compaay I, 6th Iowa Infantry, July, 1861; and served: three years. He participated in the ba:tles of Shiloh, Corinth, Vicksburg, Big Black River, Jackson, M'ssionary Ridge, Dallas, Big Shanty, New Hope Church and Kene- ‘saw Mountain. ? After the war General Kremér spent sev- eral years on the-plains and in the Rocky mountains, and had several encounters with the Indians, who were then on the war path. He is now engaged in the print-. ing and publishing business. Gen. Winfield 8. Norcross. General Winfield S. Norcross of Lewiston, Me., senior vice national commander and past surgeon general, was born in the town of Livermore, Me., July 16, 1844. He first enlisted as a corporal in Company K, 7th and was Maine Infantry, April 1861, with his regiment in all the battl Army of the Potomac in 1861 and 16 severely wounded and taken prisoner; w: an honored guest at Libby and Belle Isle; Was promoted to Heutenant Company F 136th Ilnois Infantry, and finally muster- ed out July, 1s 5, at the close of the war. Gen- eral Norcross was in many battles and skirmishes of the western army. He 1s at the present time carrying 'ead and has open wounds to dally remind him cf the late unpleasantness. After the close 0! the war he studied and graduated in med cine at St. Louis, and has practiced hi profession for more than twenty-five yecr Col. John W. Baker. Encampmert No. , Union Veteran Legion, located at Bradford, Pa., was or- ganized in the autumn of ’86, and has sin its organization mustered 137 members. ‘There are at prescat sixty-three rmembe In good standing. It has lost eight cor- rades by death. Its membership comprises many of the leading citizens of the city and surrounding towns. The average service of its members is three and one-half y ‘The encampment has had nine Sones K. = viz., S. D. Heffner, W. Lanez, M 1. bert, ©. Harrington, W. B. Tracy, T- Fitzpat W. B. Chapman, H. H. Locke and the present colonel, J. W. Baker. Col. Louts J. Erast. Encampment No. 41, Vv. L., Cinein- nati, Ohio, was mustered April 19, 1889, by Past Junior Vice National Commander O. G. Daniels of Mt. Vernon, Ohio, with twen- ty charter members. The first colonel was John A, Ziegler. James Beggs, past senior vice national commander, is a past colonel; also Geo. W. Elstum and Alex. Ri-gler. The present national commander, ¢ = James, and Adjutant eGn. E. D. Spooner re members and past colonels of the en- campment. The present colonel of said en- campment is Louis J. Ernst. The mem- bership of Encampment No. 41 is now 14 members on the active list. The encamp- ment meets regularly twice a month, the first and third Fridays. An earnest and ac- tive interest is taken in its welfare by its members, composed largely of some of the best representative citizens of Cincinnati, who in their early days went to protect their country’s flag. A CHICAGO MYSTER Dusky Sadie Goff and Fair Kate Wil- son Were Found to Be Identical. From the Chicago Times-Herald. Sadie Goff is colored and Katie Wilson is white. But, paraduxical as it may seem, Sadie Goff is Katie Wilson and Katie Wil- son is Sadie Goff. They—or, rather, she—is in the Harrison street police station on numerous charges of larceny, and before they are, or more correctly, she is brought before Justice Underwood for trial this morning the police hope to be able to say whether Sadie, who is colored, is Katie, who is white, or wheth- er Katie is Sadie. She answers to either name. The woman was arrested sat 450 State street yesterday afternoon. Complaint had been made to the police the previous night by Peter Johnson that he had been robbed of $ by a white woman, whose descrip- tion was that of Katie Wilson. The offi- cers thought she. might be found with Sa- die Goff, whora they knew to be her friend, though the couple were never seen togeth- er. The offi went to the latter's abode. Dusky Miss Goff was found, but fair Miss Wilson was absent. The sleuths were about to leave, when they stumbled upon a wis, two or three pots of face paint and a few boxes of complexion powder. When one of them placed the wig on Sadie’s head he stood face to face with Katie Wilson—a lit- tle darker than he was used to sezing her, but still Katie. Everything was clear that was dark iefore. For a year the police have always been able to find Sadie Goff when they wanted Katie Wilscn, and could always lay hands on Katie wher they sought Sadie. Com- plaints of iarceny have been numerous against each of them, and the woman against whom the cases were freshest was invariably the missing one. ————_+ e+ _____ Mr. Crawford Repents. Dougald Crawford, the merchant of St. Louis who discharged a baker’s dozen of his men last Saturday because they an- nounced their intention to vote for Bryan and Sewall, has repented his action, and yesterday, over his own signature in a pub- lic letter said he will take the men back. In part he says: “I have invited all of the men to return to my store and to occupy their former several positions, without prejudice as regards the future and with- out loss of salary since they left my em- ploy. A man in anger often makes mis- takes, but I do not believe he loses any of his manhood by admitting his error. I de- sire every man in my employ to vote as he pleases, but I believe that every man who carefully studies existing conditions should vote for McKinley.” . eos The ‘Peanuts From the New rl “The longesfjt! a rake knows: peahuts to keep good. in years," sid H. H. Davy, a New “flan, who has given the subject of peanuts his immediate at- tention for We # Pas forty-five years. “About twenty: Fag I was-cafled upon to testify as expergain a casé in which a Virginia shipping firm was interested. I was to testify as to the value of a lot of peanuts stored in a store house in New York. I took samples from some 1,500 bags, gave my testimony in New York, sealed and marked the samples, and put them away in my loft to use in further testimony I was expected to give in Vir- ginia. The case did not come off there for four or five years, and, in the meantime, one of the members of the firm ha: died, and I was not called. “Nothing more was thought of the sam- ples of peanuts until Colleze place was widened a few years ago. Alterations were made in my building then, and we came across the samples, They were just as good as the day they were put away. The only way they showed their age was in the nut inside the shell, which peeled off a lit- tle more easily than it would have done in a fresh nut. They had lost flavor a little also.”” The first fresh peanuts of the seasoa will not get in until the middle of October. The peanut trade is one of the first to feel the effects of stagnation in business, dealers calculating their business largely from the penny purchases of the children. There were only about $5,000 bags of peanuts brought into New York during this last year to 100,000 the year before. They were all practically for New York city consump- tion. Kept ie tones Years. adjutant 149th Illinois Infantry | CIRCLED BY FORTS How Washington Was Defended Dur- ing the Rebellion. ~ CORDON ABOUT THE CAPITAL STRONG Description of the Prominent For- tifications and Their Armaments. jez tae oe SITES OF THE OLD WORKS a When the war cloud broke upon the country the position of the national ca) tal was precarious in the extreme. The same stream that washed its wharve: touched the opposite shore of an enem country, and in the state that surrounded it on the north the sentiment of the peo- ple could scarcely be called sympathetic with the government at Washington. So it was not surprising that the authoritie at the home of the nation set about protect it fram: invasion and viclation. In a surprisingly short time a strong cordon of forts and batteries well equipped witr ordnance ard garrisoned by eager and will- ins men extended in a defiant circle around the city. It would take volumes to de- scribe the difficulties that w overceme to establish this belt of protection, but these were largely of a material character and were met in a great degree natural advantages of the country, which offered so many potnis for fortification and embattle On either side of the river, both in. Vir- ginfa and Maryland, the hills presented 2 continuation of heights which commanded the territory lying beyond, and these were quickly taken advantage of by thi er department of the United Siate Strong embankments were throwa up, pow- erful guns were placed in position, and in order to give the widest range for ex- ceution forests were leveled and in some insiances houses and barns remov. that the enemy would have no en: me upon the’ city unawares. As ¢ 2 erected and provided with the ment they were as quickly e@arr! the troops that poured into d, se jsoned Washine- ton from the north, and many of the bray- est and best of the soldiers who fought for the perpetuity of the government sav around th. first service E in the hington. forts The System of Defenses. By the Ist of January, 1862, the defensive line, mounting about \ in an advanced completed. It was summer of 1864 not the ey were anything like afinished shape. When com- pleted the works comprised G2 foris with 44 supporting batteries, the whole having in ermament of over 1,000 guns and re- quiring 16,600 men to properiy arm thein The first,suggestion to erect fortifications was made early in May, 1: by Gen. Mansiield, who wa then in command of the troops in th. city, and he indicated Arlington Heights as the best place to b gin. By the zith of that month Forts Ell werth, Runvon, Albany and Corceran were established for the special purpose of th Protection to the approaches of the bridges ferries on the Potomac. It S not until the first batde cf Bull Run had beer fought. wever, that a systematic of defense was thought of. After tle of Bull Run the cluster of cormmand- ing heights four miles wesi of Alexandria and six miles from Washington were oc- the ates, but in October of that year the hills were again taken pos- session of and fortified by the Uniém troops. The system of works constituting what are called the defenses of Washing- ton were divided irto four groups: First those south of the Potomac, commencing with Fort Willard, below Alexandria, and terminating with Fort Smith, opposite Georgetown, comprising tweniy-nine forts and eleven supporting batter! second. Forts Ethan Allen and Marcy at the Vir- ginia end of the Chain bridge, with their five batteries for field guns; third, those north of the Potomac and between that river and the Anacostia, commencing with Fort Sumner and terminating with Fort Lincoln, comprising nineteen forts, armed with heavy gu = enty-three batteries of field gun: those ; fourth, south of the Anacostia, commencing wit Fort Mahon at Benni.g termi- nating with Fort Greble at Oxon run, nearly opposite Alexandria, comprising twelve forts and one armed battery. The Cost and Building. Most of the heavy labor on the fortifica- tions was done by hired laborers, but a good part was the work of the soldiers. Indeed, it became the aim and duty of the soldiers wha were quartered in the forts to make them as strong and perfect as pos- sible. The cost of the work, exclusive of armament, amounted to considerably more than half a million dollars. When they were first being erected there was a con- glomeration of names, and the fortifications were named indiscriminately after states, cities and individuals, but in 1861 the War Department issued an order giving to the forts the names of distinguished soldiers who had lost their lives in defense of the as. Of the forts south of the Potomac, be- tween the Long bridge and Arlington, which comprised Runyon, Jackson, Scott, Richardson, Barry, Craig, McPherson and Hagerty and Albany, the armament of the latter gives a good idea of the armament of all. It consisted of 18 guns—thirteen 24- pounder barbettes, two 6-pounder field pieces and three 24-pounder howitzers. These were manned by 183 gunners, A Description of the Defensen. To take the remainder of the forts al- phabetically it is well to begin at Fort Baker, which was one of the largest of the Gefenses. It was situated in the outskirts of Good Hope Hill, on the south side of the Bowen road, and commanded the Anacostia and Navy Yara bridge. Gen. Sickles at one time had his headquarters there. Fort Baker was named after the hero of Ball's Bluff, and was armed with three 8-inch howitzers, seven 24-pounder Seacoast guns. two 24-pounder field howitzers, eight 10. pounder Parrotts and one 10-inch and one 24-pounder Calhoun mortars. A short dis: tance east of Fort Baker was Fort Davis, while Fort Wagner was still to the west, Fort Bayard was situated on the River road a mile west of Tenleytown, and a portion of the old work is still preserved and in plain view from the roadside. Fort Bennett occupied the eastern point of the bluff that overlooks the Virginia end of the Aqueduct bridge from the w ward. Fort Berry stood in the angle form- ed by the Columbia and old Falls Church roads, about two and one-half miles from the Aqueduct and Long bridges. It was one of the smaller forts. Fort Buffalo was bullt by the 2ist New York Regiment and named after the city where the organiza- tion was recruited. It was first occupied by Gen. McDowell, preparatory to his advance to the first battle of Bull Run. The works are still in a good state of preservation and are protected by a growth of young trees, Fort Bunker Hill. Fort Bunker Hill, which is now within the limits ofthe flourishing suburban village of Brookland, was built by the 1ith Massachu- setts and naturally named after Boston's famous old revolutionary fort. The arma- ment consisted of thirteen guns, including two thirty-pounder Parrotts and a ten-inch siege gun. Fort Carroll was near the com- mencement of the Livingston road, a mile and a half south of the Navy Yard bridge. The fort commanded Glesboro’ Point, which was a great cavalry rendezvous during the war. The armament consisted of two eight- inch slege howitzers, two forty-two-pounder James, six twelve-pounder field pieces, one thirty-pounder Parrott and one twenty-four- pounder Calhoun mortar. Fort Corcoran was on the north side of the Ballston road, half a mile south of Rosslyn, and had an armament similar to that of Fort Hagerty. Fort De Russy occupied a commanding point on the Military road west of Bright- wood, overlooking the valley of Rock creek and controlling all the roads to the west- ward. It had two supporting batteries— Seward and Kingsberry. The works are withih the limits of Rock Creek Park, and are well preserved. Fort Du Pont, three and one-half miles from _the Navy Yard bridge, at the junction of Bowen and Ridge rcads, mounted three eight-inch siege how- itzers, three twenty-four-pounder siege guns, one eight-inch siege mortar and, two six-pounder field guns. The old works are well preserved, and there is an old building still standing that was occupied as officers” quarters during the war. Fort Elisworth, named in honor of the hero who was killed while removing a confederate fiag from the Marshall House in Alexandria, May 4, i861, eccupied a commanding position on Suter’s Hill, west of Alexandria. The reservoir which supplies Alexandria with water now occupies @ part of this hill. The armameat consisted of twenty-four heavy guns, in- cluding Parrott rifles, seacoast howitzers and siege guns. Fort Ethan Allen was on the Virginia side near the Chain bridge, and, with Fort Marcy, helped to command the approach to that important position. It was one of the largest and most complete forts in the fortifications. Eleven of its thirty-four guns were thirty-pounder Par- rett rifles, and there were three twelve- pounder Whitworths and four ten-inch siege guns. Fort Farnsworth was a mile and a half south of Alexandria. It was a small fort. Fort Gaines. Fort Gaines occupied a site upon the tract of land to be used by the Method'st Univer- sity on the Loughboro’ road, a quarter of a mile west of the Tenleytown road. The ctric cars run within a quarier of a mile of the fort, and its works are well pre- served. In the immediate vicinity are Forts Reno, Bayard, Simmons and Mansfield. Fort Lincon was situated where the Dis- trict reform school buildings now stand. The spot was known as Mount Pleasant be- fore the war and was called Camp Union before the erection of the fort. It was here that the gallant Barney's guns were posted in 1814 to annoy the British redcoats as they advanced on Washington from Bla- nsburg. The fort was a powerful work, named in honor of President Lincoln, and its armament consisted of thirty-four heavy guns of various kinds and calibers. Fort Lyon was on the old Mt. Vernon road, a mile and a half south of Alex- andria, and was the largest of all the forts except’ Fort Runyon. Its armament coi sisted of forty-one guns, manned b gunners, and they commanded the water ways to Washington and the roads lead- ing from the southeast 10 Alexandria. Fort with cighteen guns, occupied an Mahon, isolated hill on the eastern edge of the of Benning, and it remains in a fair state of preservation. Forts Sedgewick and Craven are visible trem Fort Mahon. to the southward Upon the ridge which held Forts Mahon, Sedgwick, Craven, Du Pont, Davis, Baker, Wagner, Ricketts Staunton, Snyder, Carroll and Greble which were armed with from eight to six- teen guns each, and of the same general construction as the forts already described was Fort Meigs. It was just outside the District line, in Prince George's county Marviand, and at the junction of the East Benning, Marlboro’ and Bowen roads. It mounted twenty heavy guns of various kinds. Fort Reno. Fort Reno occupied the highest ground in the District of Columbia, on a hill 42 feet high, back of Tenleytown and east of the Brookville pike. It overlouked the val- ley in front and on both flanks, and with its 100-pounder Parrott could do execution at a vast distance. In addition to thir gun it mounted nineteen other heavy pieces. Probably the first secret society formed in the army was organized in thi= fort in 1 September 24, that year, a Masons was established in rp #d Pennsylvania Reserves and named Potomac Lodge. It continued to hold moet- ings in the field as circumstances permit- ted during the entire service of the regi- ment. In the village of Garfield may ‘ound the remains of Fort Ricketts, a small earthworks, which was intended to sweer the deep ravine in front of Fort Stanton The first fort built was Fort Runyon which stood at the margin of the bottom lands of the Potomac, in the angle of the, Columbia and the Washington and Alex: , andria roads, half a mile south of the Long The site is now covered brick- Fort Runyon covered twelve acres armament consisted of twenty-three heavy guns. A strong stockade command ed the marsh between the fort and the river. Forts Sedgwick md Slocum. Fort Sedgwick was situated on a high hill in the eastern outskirts of Benning on the west side of the east Benning road. Its remains are still conspicuous. It was never fully armed, only a few guns being mounted. Fort Simmons stood betw Forts Bayard and Mansfield on the Shoe- maker farm, a mile and a half west of Tenleytown. Very lttle is left to show that a fortification ever existed on the site. Its armament consisted of eight heavy caliber guns, including five thirty- pounder Parrott rifles. Fort Slocum was situated on the west side of the Blair road, and its site may be reached in a short walk from Lamond station on the Metropolitan branch of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. This fort, with Fort Ste- vens, was regarded as one of the most important defenses to the city, but its sit- uation, like that of Fort Stevens, was a weak one, because a mile north of it there were hills twenty or thirty feet aigher than the eminence upon which {t ed, giving advantageous positions to the en- emy. General Early was quick in dis- covering this weakness and concentrated his troops for the attack upon Fort Ste- vens and Slocum, but the arrival of re- inforcements happily frustrated his plan. Fort Strong was on the north je of the Falls Church road, about a mile southwest of Rosslyn. Some remains of it are still in evidence. Fort Sumner was situated at the head of the receiving reservoir, half a mile north of the Conduit road. It was one of the largest of the forts. and its ar- mament consisted of three eight-inch how- itzes two one hundred-pounder Parrott rifles, eight thirty-two pounder and four twenty-four pounder sea coast guns, six four and one-half-inch rifle guns, four six- pounder James, two twenty-four-pounder Calhoun and one ten-inch siege mortar. Fort Sumner was supported by Redoubts Kirby, Cross and Davis. Fort Tillinghast w tuated on Arlington Heights, imme- diately south of Fort Myer. Its site may still be faintly traced. It mounted four- teen guns. Fort Totten occupied a strong, commanding position on Rock Creek Church road. The old works, which are yet prominent, are flanked on the west by the village of Ruplyville. During Early’s investment the fort was garrisoned by Battery A, 4th U.S. Artillery, and Ohio and New Hampshire volunteers. The rebel cavalry operated in the vicinity of the fort July il and 12, 18G4, and were shelled. Fort Totten mounted twenty guns Forts Whipple a Stevens. Fort Whipple stood on the elevated plateau west of Arlington, overlooking the city and commanding extensive views of the country in every direction. At the close of the war the fort was converted into a camp of instruction for officers and men of the signal service of the army and placed under the command of Albert Myer, whose name it assumed. In IsS7 neral Sheridan transformed it into a cavalry camp or barracks, and it is now the head- quarters of the active branch at the ni. tional capital. Its present commander is tolonel S. S. Sumner, the marshal of the nion Veteran Legion parade. Fort Stevens, which was situated on the old 7th street road, now Brightwood av nue, in the northern outskirts of the vil- lage of Brightwood, had the distinction of being the scene of some of the most stubborn fighting in the vicinity of Wasn- ington. A part of the old works are still standing in a faif state of preservation, and close by is a cemetery, where a large number of old soldiers are buried. Fort Stevens can be reached by the Brightwood electric car. —_—_————_—_. How He Got Relicf. From St. James’ Gazette. In the days when her majesty went down to Windsor by road she liked to be driven at a rapid pace, @ little too fast to please her escort, especially the officers who rode their own horses. A gallant captain, after- ward o renowned M. P., was one day in command, and riding at the head of his troop. Just in front of him, with his back to the horser of the carriage, sat the Prince of Wales, then a small child. The captain, directly the party started, lifted his hand ard shook his fist in the little prince's face. The prince reared with fright, and nis royal mother, quite ignorant of the cause, took him on her lap to pacify him. When the prince was quiet and resumed his seat, the captain again shook his fist, and this was repeated all the way down to Windsor. At the erd of the journey the queen learned exactly what had occurred, end issued her command that the officer shocld never command her escort again. This was just what the captain hoped would happen. — Aftcr a year’s anchorage on one side of Mombeshe jake, a floating island, containing about two acres, became released and is new floating in Wind lake, eight miles from Middletown, N. ¥