Evening Star Newspaper, December 5, 1895, Page 11

SSS POLLUTED WELLS The Cause of Typhoid Fever in the Suburbs. —_+ RESULTS OF DR. RCBERS SEARCH Gross Disregard of Proper Sanitary Precautions Alleged. DIFFERENT SECTIONS —————— THE In his report to Health Officer Woodward on typhoid fever, of which a synopsis has been printed in The Star, Dr. Kober gave the results of an elaborate examination of the cases in the suburbs of the city. He . Says I have examined in the suburbs 122 cases, seven of which were contracted at summer leaving 115 cases to be accounted aking of Tenleytown, WesleyanHeight Chase, ete ys: “Most of the thirteen cases inv 1 by me in this section were found in the homes of the poorer classes, where wells and privies have been dangerous neigthors for years, and, although the law compels the use of proper- ly constructed box privies, I have still en- counter-d the most primitive forms of out- house In one instance there was not even a pit, but the ordure was deposited upon the surfjc2, about forty yards from their well, in a spot favorable for percolation. The family occupied one of the most command- ing heixhts at Reno, and are evidently only tenants of what promises to be valuable real estate. The soil is very porous, and the sur- face drainage is excellent. Upon inquiry as to what disposition had been made of the stools of the patient, the mother pointed out a spot where they had been buried, with the best intention, of course, to render them innocuous, but perhaps only to contami- nate a spring distant about 200 yards, and we will never know how many people who partake of this spring will be infected when sufficient time for percolation shall have taken place. The pernicious habit of bur: ing the discharges from typhoid fever pa tients without previous disinfection, under the impression that it is the best method of preventing contagion, 1s very widespread, and by no means confined to the ignorant classes. If they had been properly disin- fected no harm could result, but as it is the germs are there, soil pollution has taken place, and this means, sooner or later, water pollution, Unsanitary Condition. another instance a family residing in sion near Loughboro’ road had three between July 11 and August 13. The milk supply was above suspicion, but all had consumed water from a well, which was liable to pollution from a surface privy. This outhouse is Iéeated upon a slope, with drainage in the direction of which in turn may contaminate s tant spring or well. The fam passed through the sickness, mi there for years without perhaps anot case, but, ing ‘the house unhealthy, -d, and thus made room for ttacked. ; ily with two cases of typhoid tever the water was obtained from a we venty-four feet from a leaky bex privy, with most unsahitary surroundings in the yard and abundant evidence of soil pollution. In another in- stance the well was located only eighteen teet from a leaky box privy. The patient. a young cowred woman, was brought to the city for treatment, of well water, and three used coth and pump water.” Northwestern Suburbs. Speaking of Washington Heights bia Heights, Mount Pleasant and Le D: Park, th> report say ‘Of the eighteen cases examined by me sumer: Potomac Colum- it in thar jon, sixteen ‘were contracted at home and two at summer resorts. Many of the houses have sewer connections and are no longer suburban in that respect, but as they are outside of the boundary limits, and are undergoing a transition stage from suburban to city homes, they have been in- cluded here.” "The occurrence of several cases of typhoid fever on Howard avenue is spoken of by the report as of special In- terest. These houses had no sewer consec- tions prior to October, 18, ani all the house drainage was carried by pipes to a cesspool in the rear of the prem y phoid fever prevailed among the inmates of one, with e se dui endirg June ¢ 1 The dejocta presumabiy thrown in the closet and reac! spool, which in the fall of 184 ed up with earth. In July of the eral cases of typhoid fever loped in near-by houses. here is no evidence,” “to connect these c wells or the milk nd the occu rence ot typhoid fever in the same blo of houses during last year, and of the es in adjoining houses nearest the in- ted cesspool this year, points to the lat- a probable source of infection, and © obliged to assume that with the re- jon of the ground er the of the carried up by t cending cv S of the ground air, lirectly inte the air or to the surfs the soil, whence _ the: and with pulverized dust the system. Of co’ nite proct of such i probable Tom - case on Mes » with very ur ull of the hou: hounded by Huron and E supplied with box privies and Loth intoleravle’ nuisance 1 term three 1 in hous wells in reet in the ed to one of th of this pa Dr. Forwood, t from the onset, ul examination of the no defi- however fe occurred surround- ses on Sher supplied w > northw wells. n avenue oc- a box privies ng on ill the water ative. sixteen of well Three of the so drank Pot Avenue two of cister umers of wel? ater, and Takoma “T have es ‘Takoma I is delightfully situated on vated ground, witha excellent suface grain “ge and a dry porous soil, affording spl did building sites for healthful homes, pro- vided pollution had been prevented, but elsewh we find that privy sinks ané have been dangerous neighbors, many of the ¢ Is were ons or holes grou face but als hous. not be v were pre the present box privies, 2‘ never nected cleanin f understand that up to} ools Were in common inspector, togetne hotbeds s needed was t Mie goons te All this is to t s frequently nd anxiot ws of cleanliness f their neighbor: for disease germ tion of phoid au \y ent from m history family who r le avenue in southeastern Ta- a for elght yea enjoying good health natil August, INH, when the first hoid fever developed. Case at Issue. “In July of the present yoar a son was sick and since then seven cthér mem- | bers of the farnily. One of th pping to | escape, went to Massachu and was taken sick shortly after her arri In nd died at Snow's row | J | | the THE EVENING STAR, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 5, 1895—SIXTEEN PAGES. the meantime three other cases cccur in a family residing in a different part of Takoma, who had drank water frum ihe well and received their milk supply from | this house, and still another case de in a gentleman, who rece! , but eve seit v that re conveye by washing the u milk pan the infe pection d well water. I made an eptember and fram the topo} i raphy and nature of the soil it was at once | emises and well, | low ground, apparent that the 1 oceupying a rather ceived the drainage from several bloc of he The next step was to dis. cover the source of a specific contam- ination of this well. Prom the cleanly hab- of this family and the statemeat of the ysician in charge it appeared highly im- that the case from last year was ource of infection, as the dejecta had been properly disinfected and disposed of, { but two other possible souress were di covered, viz: In the summer of 1898 typh fever preyailed in the premises on lot No. 4, Indicated on plat, also two cases on lot No. 1. Both ho were supplied with wells, the trend of the land from lot 4 being ard lot 1, and the drainage from the lat- decidedly in the directioa of the w prem’ ools. Now they are | supplied with box privies, but lot 1 also has | oset in the house, and the con- h other drainage, is discharged into the soil about 300 feet west of the well of this unfortunate family. The house on lot 1 had a mild case of typhoid fever in July of the prese z is claimed that the w I found it to be in working ord emptied the flushing tank. “As a second source I found a 24-inch sewer, which discharges upon the surface into a depression directly in rear of prem ises southeast corner of Maple and Car- roll avenues, and about 700 feet north of the well referred to; after rains the con- tents of this sewer are, of course, washed further down. This sewer carries the drainage from several houses. One of these houses had a case of typhoid fever in 1 shortly before the case in the house under consideration. The general facts warrant- ed the conclusion that the well had been exposed to the contamination both from the north and west sources described. In any event, I considered this well Infected and confidently expected that a bacteriological | examination would demonstrate the pre ence of the specific germs, and so expressed myself to Dr. J. J. Kinyoun of the Marine Hospital service, who conducted the exam- ination. You can readily imagine my sur- prise when this accomplished bacteviologist informed me that the water presented for examination September 22 was free from suspicious bacteria, and since that time he has examined three more samples at differ- ent intervals with the same negative result. I felt a source of bitter disappointment that a method of reasoning based upon observed facts could not. be confirmed bacteriological proof. Fortunat# seience the family had s-nt a spe the water five days before to the Art ical Museum, and in bacteria were found. Two cases occurred among consumers of a contaminated spring loca in a de- pression between Spring, Oak, Ch and the Baltimore and Onio ra the mother of one of these pa t tracted the disease while nursing her 3on. “Of the twenty-three cases, all white, at Brightwood avenue and Takoma Park there were six deaths. All have been con- sumers of well water, eight had drank both well and Potomac water; eleven were traced to the well repeatedly referred to. uot used, r when I Brooklund. “I have examined eleven cases at this suburb, All but two of these could be traced directly to infected wells. One of | these was located in a depr a near the! University station, and the other on the | side hili of private premises on Buaker Hill road, between 7th and Sih streets, A case | of typhoid fever occurred on Milwaukee | street between 7th and Sth streets, June 18, | to prevent con- slope and The father hoping gion buried the deje character of the soil favor wells in question. se occurred in consum: of e wells July 1s, 1a secondary September 1. other cases occurred in one of the seminaries among consumers of Potomac None of the eleven cases proved the er from August 1 ase in one of the 3 the evidence pointed strongly to the contamination of the wells, L recommend- ed their temporary closing, and the result of the bactertoluzical caamiration proved the wisdom of this precaution. LE recommended a house-to-house inspection determine thé number of cesspools, the the condition of privy and their relation to| quite a number of © suppliel with water closets | deains, whose contents were di upon the surface, together with charged reckless disposal of garbage and slops, im- pressed me as formic causes for soil polluticn in a locality like Takoma, was favored with very po soll. e@lvy City and Bladensburg. Er ve examined eleven cases at Ivy City and eight on Bladensourg road. In the former suburb, there are no sewer con- nections. The cases occurred in eight dif- fereat houses; seven were supplied with box privies, four of which were found in a leaky condition, and one house had no hape, the deecta having been upon a vacant lot in rear of the “of the p: Be ients had drank 1, three water from Cleve- srounl from land’s well, two from an unde tern, and one from a surface cistern, as also Cleveland’s and Berneti’s sells, ¢ liable to contamination from leaky box privies, and faecal bacteria were demonstrated in the cistern water and s eral of the wells. “All of the cases on Bladensburg road and vicinity, except those on Lewis street, oc- curred in houses supplied with box privies. It was admitted that the stools from pa- tients residing on Bladensburg road were thrown upon the ground without disinfec- tion, and as the drainage from these houses is in the direction of Trinidad avenue and King street, the residents there were ex- posed to infection. There is abundant evi- dence of unlawful surface pollution and stagnant kitchen slops may be observed on ‘Trinidad avenue in a number of places as the germs find a suitable soil in such roun it is possible that the flies abound wherever surface pollution exists may carry the germs into the houses and contaminate the food or drink. The first occurred on Blad burg road on July. A little girl from reet_northw ited one of the infec The lensburg road, remained s 1 weeks and was taken sick there. Th as noth- ing common in the milk supply of the dif- ferent houses, and, as there y ble to contamination from the fi not improbable that the infec veyed in the manner in ht persons were consumers of Poto- : four had taken both well and oth and 20th Streets Northeast, “Reference to the map I will reveal quite 2 group of c in this section. Not less than eighteen cases were contracted there, three of whom resided if other parts of the ity, but received their milk from this lo- cality. “Two sourc for this unusu of typhoid fever were discoy difficult to y which of the tributed the largest quota of ca: iled in this local he first case this 1 prevalence ed, ana it is wo has con- Typhoid of a pump located on the water re found anitary condition. Thre tted that they had ommons in rear of the! I regret to say, that in one in al families ad- the dejecta on r premises, and, {| ance this was luted stream, and it is perfectly conceiy- able that the germs of typhoid fever, if present in sewage, may adhere to the teats and udder of the cow, and thus contami- nate the milk supply. ‘Several cases in the city, one in the central portion, were traced to milk from this infected locality. The proximity of the houses to the open sewer | and the low and marshy character of the ground may have acted as_ predisposing . as many of the victims had been from malarial infection, but the various sources combined, I believe, fully explain the unusual prevalence of typhoid fever in this circumscribed locality. “All the cases referred to were consum- ers of well water, six only having drank both Potomac and weil water. All the houses were suppiled with box privies, none having sewer connections. Anacostia, “I have examined eighteen cases ip that section, three of which were contracted elsewhere. The eighteen cases were dis- tributed over different localities, such as Hillsdale, Congress Heights, Morris road and Anacostia proper. Many of the cases were a mile apart, and no two cases could be traced to a common cause; but the old story of contaminated wells and pollution must be invoked to explain the occurrence of the majority of the cases. “Thirteen were consumers of well water, six of whom also drank Potomac water; two were exclusive consumers of Potomac water. A case on Minnesota avenue is of interest. The family occupies one of a number of frame houses, all depending for their water supply upon a well. This well, in my judgment, is liable not only to gross surface pollution, but also to specific In- fection from the case of typhoid fever,. as the mother of the patient pointed out a spot not over thirty feet from the well where she had buried the dejecta. The biological examination of the water proved nothing. I have cautioned the people not to drink the water without boiling it, but the proper remedy would be to close the well before other cases are developed. There are doubtless a large number of un- lawful privies in Anacostia. I found such a pit upon the premises of a respectable family, occupying a rather elegant house, and the owner informed me that the rats consumed the ordure, as he had watched them in their unsavory occupation, forget- ting, however, that the same rats make burrows, and are thus liable to poison not only his own, but also his neighbors’ well.” SSeS GUNS LOADED WITH FOOD. And Why an Old Negro Thought Hin End Had Come. “rom the Buffalo Express. Maj. Thomas Q. Farquhar of Anniston, Ala., on a visit to Buffalo recently, told an Express reporter a humorous story of the war. During the siege of Vicksburg he was in command of a confederate regiment out- side of Gen. Grant's lines. “We had plenty of for he said. “It was a fertile terri- tcry that we had to draw from, and there was no difficulty in getting enough to eat. We intercepted a poorly guarded supply train of the Yanks, and had enough to feed a regimeat for a month stored right in our little camp. In spite of Yankee vigilance, spes wculd now and then steal out of the city, and we saw and talked with several of them. Each had a pitiful story to tell of how the inhabitants of Vicksburg suf- fered for food, and we ransacked our brains to devise some neans of sending them a portion of our plenty. “An old negro who was acting as a gun- rer under me was the one to suggest what looked at first like a feasible plan. His ice to load supplies into the four c: nen which we had, and fire them boldly over the heads of the Yankees into the city self. It was a great idea, and after some y we decided that it was worth while -king the experiment. The supplies which we 4 captured consisted cf hardtack, in tins, that would go into the guns like grape shot, and we calculated that by giving ty of e’evation we could send the tly into the ci en such vould be wel I was in com- mand of the detachment, and gave my con- scnt to what an older and more experienced etficer would probably have frowned upon as being contrery to all rules of . “Next morning at sunrise we loaded the guns. We puta plentiful charge of powder in each, and then rammed home as many cans of hardtack as would equal in weight au ordinary cannon ball, and that was not a great many, I assure you. In one of the gUns we put four cans of tomatoes. This we considered an experiment, as we had little hope that such flufd stuff would sur- vive the impact of falling in the city, but it was worth trying. We pointed the guns, and just before the lanyard of the first was pulled the old negro gunrer ran a few rods down the hill, where he would be be- Jow the line of smoke and able to see where our ncvel shot struck. “The first gun fired happened to be the one we had Icaded with tomatoes. The gunner pulled the lanyard, there was a roar and a puff of smoke that obscured our sight for an instant; then it blew away, and we saw running up the hill toward us our old negro, covered from head to foot with what looked like blood, while he wav- ed his arms wildly and shrieked, ‘I’m killed! I'm killed. O Lord have masy on my scul! We were alarmed, and ran down teward him. He still screamed and shriek- ed, and fell down in a faint as he saw us. We rushed up to him, and then every man of us burst into a laugh that would have waked the dead. “It roused old Tom, who opened his eyes and shricked the louder when he saw our rently inhuman levity. As soon as we ble to speak or move, we picked the negro up, stood him on his feet, to as- e him that he was still alive, and then 1 him to scrape the tomatoes off self He was the most thoroughly be- dwubed specimen I ever saw. You see, the heat of the discharge of the cannon melted the solder in the tomato cans, and they had simply dropped to pieces on leaving the stn, while their contents had been’ pro- lied just far encugh down the hill to ter all over the old negro.” The major patsed and chuckled again. “giow did the hardtack work?" asked the reporter. “We didn’t get a chance to try it,” was » reply. “The Yanks, thinking that we ‘e about to bomberd them from the rear, tartel up the hill after us, and as there ve been no use in making any re- © against so superior a force, we i the guns and retreated. What they thought when they found the hardtack in them I never learned, but I suppose it only confirmed their idea that we were going to attack them ee A FIREMAN ONCE. And Now He is a Professor in a Me- chanical School. From the Catholle Columbian. Chauncey M. Depew lately visited the mechanical department of Cornell Univer- He found at the head of it Prof. Mor- The latter claimed him as an old ac- ntance. “How's that?” said Mr. Depew. “t used to work for the New York Cen- road,” was the professor's answer. 1! In what department?” t in the ranks id you get here?” asked Depew. “I was first a fireman on an engine. That was a tough job, but it led up to the posi- tion of engineer. When I became an engin- eer I made up my mind to get an edu tion. I studied at night and fitted myself for Union College, running all the time with my locomotive. { procured books and attended as far as possible the lectures and 1- rec tior I kept up with my c and on the y of uation I leit my Igcomo- tive, vi put on the gown and cap, delivered my the ma, put the go and received my diplo- and cap in the closet, got on m. sual run that da: “Then, “I knew how he me Prof That spirit will aman tor in any calling. It is ion, but it is ambition w seeking to make oneself fitted for higher work. When this is accomplished the op- portunity for higher work is sure to come.” ely directed, recommen: preventive measure by oS eae the attending physician. n From Germany. “As the bacteriological examination of the | pp News, water revealed presence of faecal bae- = teri: jon from tbis source may conta > 06 et north- found ng barrel box an overflow within tw on 19th stre infected premi “Another and perhaps equally fruitful | source of infection is the fact that many of | the residents keep milch cows, which are | mitted to roam over the commons and | along the banks of the sluggish | m which receives the contents of the | arge Boundary sewer. I have seen a herd of fourteen milch cows wading in this pol- ‘er or milk from | ; | and fell again to 34, | flowing to Brazil i German emigration {is chiefly, of course, to this country. The volume of it varies. rose to 206,180 in 1881, rose to 108,611 in 1891, ) in 1894. The stream much smaller, but fair- ly steady, averaging, say, 1,500 a_ year. That to the rest of South and Central Ame: pretty steadily increasing—from 4SS in 1875 io 2549 in ISM. That to Aus- tralia is decreasing.—from 1,206 in 1875 to 2 in 18M. Despite the vast territorial holdings of Germany in_ Afri 7 nists go thither—1 in 18 high-water mark), and SM. 100 to 150 a year is all the whole of Asia ean claim. ' PROGRESSIVE WORK Encouraging Reports of Christian Endeavor. Committees. — ACTIVITY ALL ALONG THE LINE Preparing for the Great Convention Next, July. MORE COMMITTEES NAMED A meeting of the executive committee of the Christian Endeavor Union was held re- cently, at which were presented reports from the various union committees, show- ing the progress made in the various lines of work curing the last month, and an open parliament was held on the question, “What is the best plan your society has adopted?” The lookout committee reported that two circular letters had been sent out during the month to the presidents of the various societies, one requesting that the intervisi- tation plan of last year be adhered to, and the other asking the privilege of conduct- ing one of the regular C. BE. meetings. Work among the pastors who have no C. E. so- clety in their church was commenced. The music committee, In its report, stated that Percy S. Foster had been elected precentor for the year. For the press committee it was reported that the local subscription list to “The Endeavorer” had passed the 600 mark, and that the paper is more than self-supporting. Treasurer Taylor made a statement of the finances of the union, showing a balance on hand of $34.64. The committee of '06 reported that fra- ternal greetings had been exchanged with fourteen state, county and district conven- tions during the mouth, and referred to the visit to this city of General Secretary Baer and Treasurer Shaw of the united society. Progressive Work. Refercnce was made to the active work of the finance committee, which had made excellent progress toward inaugurating the canvass among the local business men for subscriptions to the conventicn fund. The subcommittee on decorations has also made good prcgress, said the report, in obtaining propositions for the manufac- ture of the official flags, ard it is hoped to have thom on sale before the next meeting of the executive committee. The enter- tainment committee has had blanks print- ed for ascertaining the number, rates, etc., for accommodation of guests at hotels and a form of agreement for the use of state delegation managers in meking their agree- ments with hotels for such accommoda- tions. The report stated that the commit- tee is receiving letters from various st excursion managers with a view to secur- ing headquarters. The printing committee, continued the repert, has made good pro- gress in the work of preparing an official map for distribution to the delegates and in obtaining bids for the manufacture of said map. The press committee is doing splendid work in keeping the various En- deavor and other religious papers of the country, as well as the, city press, fully in- formed regarding the condition of the work and the prospects for the success of the convention. nA Many helpful su, tions were thrown out in the open parffainent on the question as to what good scheme the societies had adopted which had Drought *bencticial re- sults. Missfon work’ was a featire spoken of by many, and one or two of the societies reported the conducting of ‘evangelistic services among the’ soldiers at Myer. One society stated that it had been instra- mental in closing twenty saloons in South Washington, at which there was xeneral applause. E ‘Two new streamers for the Chines? um- brella of state were-exhibited. At the of the fire which destroyed the Y. M C Lutlding in July last this pride of ithe Dis trict Union was.reseued from the fla but the streamers ,were, s ed and discolored by wafer. who originally presented the missionary brella, learning of the disasier that had be fallen it, had new streamers made in ton, where he is laboring as a missionary and they have just arrived In Wash Another Meeting. At a recent meeting of the committee of ‘96 a communication from the Western Presbyterian Church was read, offering the use of the church building for convention purposes, and especially requesting that the rally of the Brotherhood of Andrew and Philip be held there. There was discassed also the plans for the annual convention of the District Union which is held in January. The dates agreed upon are January 17, 18 and and steps have been taken to secure a hall seating not less than 3,000 persons. It is proposed to hold in this hall a general meeting Friday evening, which will be ad- dressed by popular speakers, and Satu.day evening there will be a rally of the 1 con- vention auxiliary committees. A session will be held also Saturday morning, junior rally Saturday afternoon and a missionary mass meeting Sunday afternoon. Instea: of holding the consecration service Sunday night, as has heretofore been the cz the committee thinks best to end the Friday night meeting with the consecration exer- 's. and it is hoped that Rev. Dr. F. E. rkK—Father Endeavor Clark, a2 he is familiarly called—will be present and con- duct the service. Additional appointments on the auxiliary committees were approved as follows: Ninth Street Christian. Decoration committee—Frank Morrison, N. B. Crosswell, Eliza Fawcett. committee—A. G. Bishop, Thos. Leon Story, Arthur Kitchen, Frank Beach, Clarence Pratt, Forrest Dickey, S. C. lis, Harvey Scott, Ed. C. Fritz, Wm. Law- man, Chas. McCurdy, Bert Pratt, Bronte Reynolds, F. B. Reed, Chas. Smith, Wm, A. Quinn, W. Z. Swift, Eddie Webster, .V. Ker- sey, Chas. Lemon, Frey Yager, John Mc- Shippert, Geo. H. Smith. ‘ion committee—J. A. Scott. Registration committee—J. W. Pickett, Mattie Allen, May V. Huribut, Lotta Phil- lips. Music committee—F. A. Carpenter. Entertainment committee—J. W. Van Vleck, John Moreland, J. A. Runyan, E. A. Stevens, Mrs, E. Stephenson, Fletcher Crid- dle, Mrs. N. W. Bridges, Mrs. 8S. E. Beach, Mrs. M_C. Booth, Mrs. F. Merrison, Mrs. R. A. King, Mrs. J. W. Van Vleck, G. F. Boyd, C. L. Denham, Ed. C. Fritz, W. M. Cornwall, Wm. Kretschmar, Mrs. E. S. Kretschmar, Mary McElroy,Mrs. E. Rose, A. J. Shippert, Mrs, A. J. Shippert, S.C. Ellis, Mrs. S. C. Ellis, P. Steel Bt, Yaste, Maude Campbell, Alberta Campbell, Ida Tiedman. Reception committee—J. C. Adkins, Ernest Dalrymple, Carrington Hitchen, Elmont Hazard, Mollie Bailey, Lillie Bittenbender, rymple, Mary’ Ferneyhough, Anna Gorman, Lulu Harris, Gussie Herrle, There: rrle, Margaret Honodle, Dorothy Hughes ate Lewis}Mary Lewis, Allie Parker, Emma Peters,-Estelle Peters, Mag- gie Peters, Gertie Scott, Julia Selby, Grace t ‘annie Stryker, Addte Warner, Eva pbster, Grati Webster, Anna Williamson, abeth Yenney, Mable Bromwell, Lillie aaman, Jennie MeCurdy, ja Wilson, Marion Yingling. New York Avenue Presbyterian. Decoration committee—Chas. M. Young, Miss A. Wurdemann, Miss K. L. Carhart. Ushers’ committee—John Mitchell, jr., A. H. Quarles, W. Hays, J. Edw. Bates, H. Jenks, Jol R. Patterson, Chas. A. L. Pear- son, Wm. E. Holcombe, Arthur J. Krause, Samuel J. Hall. Entertainment committee-—Jos. sowski, J. R. Bowie, Mrs Grace Baird, Miss E. G. Tys- . Clair, Lulu M. Robinson, Mrs, Jessie Kirkland, Mrs. Mary Kenton. ration committee b. Randall, B. Randall, Kate Musser Music commitiee—Miss J. It. Lusk, Reception committee—W. 1. Robison, Dr. A. F. t. Clair, W. W. Parker, L. W. Bailey, J. H. Wurdeman, Mrs. W. B. Robison, Mrs. Jno. Mitchell, Elia C. Clephane, Marie McNaughton, Mrs. A. W. Parker, Nellie Goodman, Lena Johnson, Lilie Mus- ser, Mae Jenks, Olive Haw Hattie B. Caine, Grace B. Finney, Gertrude Wood, Nellie Webster, Bessie Hokombe, Mildred Parker, Miss B. C. Hall, Miss A. C. Doty, Miss F. B. Morey. Church of the Covenant, Presbyterian Decoration committee—H. A. May, Mrs. |e. B. Coleman, Bessie A. Safford, Ernest Thurston, Bessie Warner. Ushers commitiee—W. H. Aspinwall, C. A. Aspinwall, Philander Betts, D. M. Cridler, R. I. Elliott, Louis Fahnestock, jr., T. B. Gardner, H. B. Gram, F. C. Handy, J. T. Hendrick, Charles Lambe, C. H. Lee, Harry Lee, Robert Leipold, L. O. Mallery, S.J. Peele, A. C. Townsend, A. J. Tyrer. Entertainment committee-A. C. Town- send, Philander Betts, Miss E. C. Bechant, Isabel Campbell, Mrs. C. S. Clark, Annie Dutton, Agnes Inch, C. B. Jewell, J. H. Lichliter, Dr. J. A. McLean, Miss M. G. O'Brien, Blanche Perry, Bessie Salmon, Beatrice M. Sampson, Florence Small, Miss M. R. Snyder, Emily Sproul, Mabel N. Thurston, Lulu Wilbur, Miss Wilkemming. Excursion committee—A. W. Mallory. Registration committee—Miss M. Rich- arasen, Miss S. G. Prentiss, G. M. Whit- well. Music committee—C. J. Toof. Recepticn comm‘ttee—N. E. Webster, jr., R. M. Alden, Ruth Aadrews, Edna Bach- man, Chas. bird, Mrs. V. F. Black, Bessie Burche, Mrs. C. S. Clark, W. E. Collier, E. B. Hamlin, Mrs. Charles Lambe, Marion LeDuc, Miss C. B. McKnight, Dr. J. A. Me- Lean, Ella Macla H. A. May, Claude Mil- ler, Rachel Muncaster, Gertrude Perry, Ina B. Peters, Laura M. Peters, Isabel K. Pierce, Laura Robie, Bessie A. Safford, Bessic Salman, Beatrice M. Sampson, Bessie Warner, S. N. Whitwell, Mrs. S. N. Whit- well, G. M. Whitwell, Miss Wilkemming, Jessie M. Peters. Kendall Baptist. Decoration cummittee—G. T. Jones, Miss Harley, Mrs. F. I. Reed. Ushers committee—John F, Bolen, H. W. Corder, Jas. H. Grant, jr. C. H. Baker, Chas. L. Bailey, E. W. Leach, W. E. Tal- bott, R. T. Olive, John Brodas. Entertainment committee—Mrs. T. Out- water, Mrs. Corder, Mrs. Emma Vernon, Miss Lena D. Sparo, Theophilus Bray. Excursion committee—G. 'T. Jones. Registration committee—J. P. De Jar- ratte, Mrs. C. A. Muddiman, Miss Carrie Reed. g Music committee—Anne Salome Wingate. Reception committee-Mrs. T. Outwater, Carrie Bidderson, Maude Mothershead, Nellie Rider, Ada Jones, Florence Rider, Florence Corder, Irene King, Daisy Thorn- burg, Janey Rogers, Raymond Outwater, J. W. Talbott, Theophilus Bray, A. P. Rider. E Street Baptist. Decoration committee—Florence Shuffle, Mrs. A. M. Jackson, Miss E. B. Johnson. Ushers committee—Edward Chase, John G. Muir, John Fletcher, Roger Fenwick, Sdwd. H. Jones, Norman Ellis, Harold F. DeLand, Wm. Ward, Lawrence Bateman, Wm. H. Gottlieb. Entertainment committee —Florence Holmes, Florence V. Ellis, Eunice Chace, Olive Barry, Alice M. Meyers, Ella Clapp, Maggie Denham. Excursion committee—A. W. fi. Ferris. Registration committee—T. W. McGregor, Florence Clapp, A. V. Graves. Music committee—Alice M. Fletcher. Reception committee—Mrs. T. W. Mc- Gregor, Minnie Bostow, Mrs. W. H. Gott- lieb, Al G. Walker, Mrs. A. G. Walker, EB. A. Muir, Ray Whitford, Florence M. Muir, Lilian Roderick, May Grayson, Neljie Bate- man, Mrs. A. W. H. Ferris, W. J. Watson, ‘irs. W. J. Watson, E. Bierer, jr.; Amelia Clapp. Israel ©. M. EL Decoration committee—C. H. Hattie Piper, Mss B. L. Wayne. Ushers committee—A. W. Carter, Benton Berry, John Baston, T. F. N. Wilkinson, Wm. Weils, jr. Entertainment committee—Miss F. M. Coston, Littie Piper, Hattie Lee. Jenny Over, Mrs. Martha Berry, Rev. H. S. Doyle, Wm. King, W. H. Leverson. Excursion committee—T. F, N. Wilkinson. Registration committee: M. Thomas, Hattie Allen, Emma Scott. Music committee—Victoria Allen. Reception committee—Wm. W.Wells, Rev. H. S. Doyle, Mrs. Anna Robinson, Miss A: L. Brown, Miss A. T. Brown, Hattie Cor- ish, Fanny Cornish, Mary Over, . Eva Hampton, Adeline Shaw, Miss E. L. Wayne, T. Over, Miss H. V. Lee, Hattie PiPer. _ TOBACCO FOR THE SICK. A Specialist Urges the Use of the Weed in Certain Diseases. From the New York World. Sccre one for the weed. The hundreds of millions of men who smoke tobacco will be pieased to learn that Dr. Jankau, a Ger- man physician, and a specialist in nervous diseases, after making a careful study of the effect of nicotine on the system, de- clares the moderate use of the weed to be quite harmless. Indeed, there are numer- cus instances, he says, in which tobacco may be used to advantage as a remedy, cigar smoking in the casc of certain pa- tients who are recovering from sickness, Cigar smoking, he says, is the best way to enjoy tobacco, but it should be indulged in moderately, and the tobacco should not Le strong. The doctor grows especially in- teresting when he discusses the effect of tobacco smoking on persens convaiescing from sickness, for surely if a sick man may smoke, so also may a man who 1s well. He holds that as a general rule there is ro need to forbid the use of tobacco in surgical affections ond during convales- cence after cperations, with the exception of those on the eye, the ahdomen and the bladder. As to the question whether the use of tobacco plays any part in the pa- thology of cancer of the lips and of the tongve, the doctor is not certain. Tobacco, he says, sbould be forbidden, as a genera! rule, in affections of the throat and of the pharynx, and with certain restrictions in nasal catarrh. Dr. Jankau has been struck by the fact that whenever a patient feels unwell he evinces a disinclination to use tobacco, and he therefore considers it a good sign when the convalescent shows a desire to smoke, as this indicates a return to the normal condition. Tobacco should, however, be strictly forbidden in es of peritonitis. And patients who suffer from organic af- fections of the heart cannot generally tol- crate tobacco with any ease. Nevertheless, an habitual smoker may be allowed two or three mild cigars daily. As to pulmonary affections, Dr. Jankau takes a decided stand, and declares that the use of tobacco is highly beneficial. Ex- periments have shown that tobacco de- stroys such germs of carbuncle, typhoid fever and pncumonia as may exist in the mouth. The same cflect of tobacco is seen in the case of the bacilli of tuberculosis. He also considers it a great mistake not to allow those in the first stage of phthisis to smoke; on the contrary, he would encour- age them to do so even more than for- merly, Tobacco has a favorable influence on the central neryous system, both on ‘count of its slightly narcotic action and by distr: ing the patient's thoughts from hint ard his illness to his smoking, and the sociations it brings with it. It is most im- portant that certain patients should be pre- vented from continually thinking of them- selves and their malady. With regard to functional the nerveus system, Dr. Jankau thinks that it would not be advisable absolutely to forbid smoking from the cornmence- ment of the disease. The medical attend- ant should, however eful to state plainly the number cigars: which may be smok fav possible affections of ad- as heres to the directions given. In nervous affections of the heart it is most important that the greatest care should be ¢ ed, and this is also true of nervous ja. In fact, the use of rettes, however mild, may in the latter lead to very serious consequences. In or- ganic affe of the nervous system great caution is requisite. Permission to recommence sn king during convalescence be accorded after a thorough xamination, and the patient should be advised to act with much care in this mat- ter. In all nd quan- tity of tob: busly super- ed and y allowed to in- crease only gradually sae, For 2 “Greater Edinburgh.” From St. Paul's. The proposal to extend the city of Edin- burgh so as to embrace Leith, Portobello and portions of the county, which had been a long time under consideration, was a few days ago put into definite form in the draft of “the Edinburgh amalgamation and extension Dill.” Glasgow in 1891 was similarly extended, the increased city be- ing known as “Greater Glasgow.” Edin- burgh has even more need than her rival on the Clyde for extension. The city has an area of about ten scuare miles, but, to use Lord Brovost’s phrase, she is “birsing out” cn all sides, and it is proposed to en- large the boundaries so as to more than double the present area, making it, rough- ly, twenty-one square miles. 11 | the Slayman home COLLEGE WOMEN IN B flow Their Work Compares With That of Men. From the Boston Transcript. In the twenty-fifth annual report of the Massachusetts bureau of statistics of labor Chief Wadlin concerps himself with the com- pensation in certain occupations for the graduates of women’s colleges, and analyzes the figures obtained from the investigation of the matter conducted by the Association of Collegiate Alumnae. As far as possible results have been tabu- lated. Tho first table shows that of 437 peo- ple making returns, 289 were single, 28 mar- ried and 20 widows. The larger number of respondents in any one occupation are the teachers, of whom there are 169; next are librarians, 47 in number; then stenographers, nurses and superintendents of nursing, journalists, reporters, and editors, 19; clerks, 19, Th> other respondents are divided up among over fifty other occupations. The tabulation of ages is very significant, as nearly half the workers heard from were young women between twenty and thirty years. Of the total number 338 had some remunerative occupation besides their main work. There are 281 who report that men are employed upon the same sort of work, and 118 report that their work differs from that of the men. Of the whole number, were paid less than $25 per month; SS, & but under $50; 144, the largest numb in any wage class, $50, but under $7: 3 but under $100; 73, $100, but under $200; 2, $200, but under $300; while 2 were paid a salary in excess of $300 per month; 48 did not answer. As to the comparative pay of men apd wo- men for the same grade of work, 150 report that men recaive more pay than women, 95. report the same pay for men and women, and 5 report that men receive less pay than women. It is further found that of those Who responded 41.42 per cent contribute to the support of others, and 58.58 do not. Of the teachers, who are most numerous, only 41 per cent aid in the support of others. ‘om employers the total number of re- turns was 104. They were asked the ques- tien: “Are the services of men and women equally valuable to you?” There were 90 who replied to the question. Of these, 46 replied directly, ‘Yes » others replied as directly, “No.” Indefinite answers were re- ceived from 7, while S replied “On some work, yes; on other work, no." The employ- ers were also asked to state their reasons for considering the services of women of less value in case they so replied. There are 15 replies, which indicate that the work of women is less valuable on account of physi- cal or mental differences due to sex. Four allege insutficient training as the reason, while both these reasons are given in three instances. In one instance it is stated that women workers consider their work tem- porary, and, therefore, their services are of less value than those rendered by men. ————_-+e+- AKE WAS GRATEFUL, THE Clever Enough to Repny Kindness That Had Been Shown to It. From the San Francisco Cyll. Edgar B. Haymond, one of San Fran- cisco’s barristers, has been a clove student of natural history, and has succeeded in gathering some very interesting informa- tion regarding the birds of the air, the beasts of the land, the fishes of the seas. Incidentally, he has been able to collect a few snake statistics “I once knew a case,” said Mr. Haymond to some listeners in the Occidental Hotel last night, “wherein a snake displayed not only an unusual amount of affection, but a great deal of courage. It appears that some years ago a professor of natural his- tory from an eastern university was sent to the southern part of Yucatan to investigate the snakes of that section. 1 might siate that he was a very humane man and fre- quently displayed it, One afternoon while walking over a desert, thinking of little but the time he would arrive at camp, he heard a peculiar rattling sound that seemed to pite of rocks, He at fon and was re- ery of a mastodoa rat- which he was on the point of dis- so as to put it out of misery, as s had so faijen that a portion of the snake's body was badly mangled and torn. In the matter of taking the reptile’s life he hesitated, owing to the pathetic and plead- ing expression in the wounded creature's eyes. Ii quite unnerved him to commit murder, ‘so he rolled the rocks off and awaited results, which came in the shape of very pronounced gratitude. ‘The delighted and thankful creature wrixgled over to him and rubbed his lez with a grateful air that was bound. to last.'‘The professor was moved by this exhibition, and, having some cotton in his valise, he bound up the wounded part ard left the snake as com- fortable as possible. The next day he left Yucatan for Guatemala and was gone over come from under a once made an investig: warded by the discov. uesnake, !five years. On his return to Yucatan he and he even goes so far as to recommend again had occasion to pass over the desert, and, greatly to his surprise, encountered the same reptile a few miles from where the previous incident had eceurred. The recog- nition was mutual, and the joyful rattler coiled about his leg, licked his hand with a friendly tomgue and showed marked and industrious appreciation. When the pro- fessor took up his march again the snake followed him and even insisted upon get- ting in the wagon and becoming a regular occupant.”” “Look here, Edgar, ain't you going a lit- tle too far with that yarn?” inquired a friend. “Not as far as the snake is going. To continue. He finally got back cast and had for a traveling cviapanion the snake, which was allowed to wander at will. As a natural consequence the vfofessor and his dumb companion became the dest of chums, and it was a common thing to see the naturalist walking out in the road with his snake gliding along beside him. Well— now here comes the rei point of the story —one night after the professor had re- tired and left the snake downstairs in the dining room, he was suddenly awakened by the crash of glass, followed by the falling of a heavy body. He rose ap in bis bed only to hear a groan and the crushing of bor In-a flasa he bounded into bis dressing gown and repaired to the room whence came the seands of strife. Imagine his horror, on striking a light, to see his pet snake coiled around a taan's bleeding body, which it had lashed to the siove and vas hugging violen On the floor was a burglar's dark lantern and a kit of tools. while the snake, in order to display its presence of mind, had his tail out of the window: “What for?” inquired a listener in less excitement. “Rattling for a policeman sos TRIC! OF SMUGGLER: How a ClericnI-Looking Individual Beat the Authorities for Years. m the London Telegi Some amusing anecdotes are related in connection with the recent discoveries of smugglers’ tricks. A few years ago an in- dividual in an ecclesiastical costume used to cross the frontier from Switzerland into France every morning with a large brevi- ary in his hand. He a man of dixgni- fied aspect, and part of the roll. put the authorities on the alert, and the presumed priest was found to be a professional smu who had contrived to introduce into nce at least a thousand watches in his ary, which on examination proved to be a lin box. Very curious also w the experience of a former i eral of ¢ s here. Geneva he visit to clock, and instructed the vender to forw During a it only when he had informed him of his turn to Paris, ful to p that he noti was this iden’ room, and in reply man explained to his that tradesman i himself stowed the clock away fh his carriage. It is calculgted t one out of ten prof al smu; is ever caught. --2 e0-—____ Twins Wed Twins, From the Cincinnati Commercial ( % Harry and Sadie Poorman, tw of Can. ton, Ohio, were married to Filo: Philip Slayman, respectively, twins diso, at in Beach Cit took place before the s ach couple had its ceremoni pany, but ants. From Judge Twynn—“The judge who sentenced that murderer this afternoon is evidently op- posed to the carrying of bouquets to such criminals by silly women.” Triplett—"What did he s Twynn—“After he had asual sentence of death he added, flowers.’ ” e+ -—__- nounced the ‘No THE EVENING STAR hasa Larger Circulation in the Homes of Washington than all the Other Papers of the City Added Together, because it Stands Up Always for the Interests of ALL THE PEOPLE of WASHINGTON; does not Strive to Divide the Community into | Classes, and Array ~ ‘one class- - Against the others; Contains the - Latest and — Fullest Local and General News; and Surpasses all the Other Papers in the City in the Variety and Excellence of its Literary Features. It Literally Goes Everywhere, and is . Read by Everybody. It is, therefore, as an Advertising Medium, without a Peer, Whether Cost or Measure of Publicity be Considered.