Evening Star Newspaper, October 12, 1895, Page 18

18 THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 12, 1895—-TWENTY-FOUR PAGES. SAXON AND GAUL Why Men in London Are. Better Dressed Than Parisians. ge THE WAYS OF LIVING. COMPARED gett siente, It is Asserted the Englisti Have no Taste for Bread. TREATMENT OF WOMEN LONDON, September I PARIS I NEVER feel disquieted about the kind of clothes I wear. In London my first impression al- ways is that I am very badly dressed. It is true that Pari- sians have a certain easy-going canon of clothing for men. The hat must al- ways be new; and, when a silk hat, it must be as bright as following the beautiful compari- It must be of such a & saber, son of Paul Bourget. brightness that a lady may use it es a looking glass. If she cannot do her hair in it, you have a hat, but not the hat. As for the rest, your coats should never look new, nor should your neckties. But the shoes should always be new, and so should the pantaloons. Accerding to the elegant manual of Baronne Staffe, a young man should not go abroad in the morning in a black frock coat, e a notary’s clerk.” Also, “the youth of France must not be dressed like an English groom"— this latter being from the wisdom of the Prince de Sagan. Finally, Cercleux, in the “Education de Prince,” warns a young dandy against wearing fancy silk under- clothing—“striped like a circus clown.” But in London it is different. The man from France—yes, almost any man from France—perceives he {s not in the move- ment. In London man’s dress is as im- portant as is woman's dress in Paris. It vould be curious to get at the bottom of this reversal of the sexes. Perhaps it is because woman is everything in Paris—and man is everything in London. The Pari- sian spends all his fine ingenuity and taste in helping out, criticising and confirming the fancies of the beloved object. He has little energy left for his own adornment, which, when too perfectly accomplished, is apt to be of an almost too feminine nicety. In London, where women regularly dress like frights, the men are so fine and brave because their ladies sit up nights and think out combinations for them. All this leads to the question of the treatment of womer—the most important question of the age, according to the last chapter of Mr. Lecky. In London women are “respected more than they are in Paris. At least let us say so. And what is the result? Waiter girls in grill rooms, lunch rooms and tea rooms receive few tips and no compliments. The demeanor of the male customer is cold and business- like. The English Fashion. As to shop girls, waiter girls and the rest, they are treated like women in Paris, at least, and not like horses or machines. And I think it pleases them tetter. This Eng- lsh “respecting” of women often looks like washing one’s hands of them, and in the vain and flirting Frenchman—with his bad | intentions—I seem to see a kindlier figure. What I am trying to say is that the aver- ege self-respecting Londoner, walk and conversation, places all the onus of all impropriety upon the weaker vessel. In the same way it is ‘‘bad form” to smoke in public in London. Yet there are no great- er smokers in the world. : It takes some time to get used to London living. So far, I have only found two ways for the transient fereigner. One fs to take chezp board in the neighborhood of Blooms- bury Square and spend all the savings so made in extra cab fares. The other is to take a room immediately in the neighbor- hceod of Trafalgar Square or even Leicester Square, pey dear for it, and eat in restau- r of continental foreigners. ou may have a hot and ge, as long and as big around as garnished at one At Ascot. @isp and curly fried ontons, a cup of London eoffee, a sinker and a piece of butter—all for tuppence. (A sinker is a heavy soda Biscuit, made without soda.) The sausages @re made of bread, colored and flavored with @ meat juice and loaded with herbs, fat and &@ trifle of chopped scrap pork. But they give an Illusion of nutrition, and ary an honest man has swelled himself erewith. Charitable restaurants in the orer districts (tourists generally take no- ice of them in their first ‘bus drive to the t end), give a square meal (with roast feet for threepence. Many, indced, are par- cularly intended for ‘bus drivers, dray rivers and all kinds of waggoners, who, ing always in the cold and wet, are pe- larly Hable to squander thelr money in ublic houses. All such in London are call- “car men” (without the hyphen), because, course, they have to do with “cars,” cars trucks, vans, busses and like wheeled in all his | vehicles. This elucidation may relieve the mind of many an American tourist who has read, with wonderment, time after time, the sign of “Carmen's Best Pull-up.” fi does not refer to the seductive Andalusian of the opera comique at all, at all. the poor and for the y & classcs exist in wonderful profu- sion in this city of the poor. I am not sure, but I think hat for cheapness d value our Am: are not As to Par i sno doubt. T? workingman must carry bread, cold meat and cheese for his | h; but even then he’ will be obliged to pay 4 cents for a glass of wine if pride compels him to eat in a wine shop d of sitting by the rdadside. If he shes hot feod, he must pay at least 6 cents for the piat du jour, a je dish, oftenest a stew, a "large in yuan: tity. Bread will cost hin 1 cent, wine, 4 cents, and 1f he las cheese, it is 2 cents more. But these are vulgar detaiis of the lives of unfortunate peop.e. A finer figure is the London clerk, he who comes down to busi- ness in a silk hat and a frock coat cf the latest cut. He will buy two frock coats or even three a year, two overcoats, four hats s of shoes. His w Ket up et as yours or mine. That is to say, he is perfec Gloves are a considerable item in his budget. He nas a flower for his buttonnole every morning. He carries an $8 umbrella. In fact, th poor chap is so utterly swamped i x pense of his raiment that he w ‘I starve Were it not for establishments like Upton’s in the Strand. Upton’s bad serv! smelling, tention to chic. s a nourishing ki lower-middle-cl: the heart of th t quarter, the man from Paris first makes acquaintance with that _:eckles; uninformed, kind-hearted lavishness which marks the Anglo-Saxon idea of a restaurant fs shocking. Upton wi one portion for steaks as big enough for thre a horse. You may pence. hotel. ‘The w not let you order there come up ite, boiled potatoes lish enough for the joint for 8 have What It Costs. It is a meal—roast beef and potatoes. The clerk eats it, drinking water. It 1s his din- ner. Ged only knows what he will have for tea, though it is to be hoped he takes it at home with his parents. If not, it is very likely at such an establishment as cre of the “A. B.C." concerns—Areated F Company. Slaving waiter-girls, 1 tepped tables, tea, coffee, chocolate, br and butter, cakes and hard-hoited €ggs, sausage-roll, m pies (he- ware of th: Neverthele: ou can rn up a ni bill at Upton’s and not have much. Bacon and eggs, 1 shilling; buttered toasi, 8 pence; pot of tea, 4 pence; more butter, pence; tip, 1 peany.’ Total, one and ten and almost 50 cents. ‘Tea is the mainstay of all this feeding— tea and bitter beer. Outside the best hotels a decent cup of coffee is impessible in London. Of course a vast number of Englishmen—ani wo- men—drink — whisk: and water with their meals instead of either. There is a great deal of water in the mixture and not so much whisk: Indesd, barmaids re- proach Americans for their supposed tendency to drink their whisky neat. A natural reply is that Amer- icans refuse to drink their water whiskied. The poor clerk who cannoi afford to drink beer with his lunch, the bus-driver who ap- preciates “Carmen's Pull-up” and the city man who drinks hard all day—all three have at their homes their private bottles of Scotch whisky. Then, taking off their shoes and drying their feet before the cheerful, smoky open grate, with tobacco pouch and bottle on the center table, ard with a chum or two to chat with, there is realized—at small expense—the ideal of the English “home.” Abstract any one of these five elements—(1) the open-grate fire, 2) the wet feet, (3) the tobacco pouen, (4) he whisky bottle, the chum—and the dream fades. There is one thing in which London sur- passes Paris—the matter of hotels. I was aimost going to say that there is not one first-class hotel in Paris. In London there are many. The American idea has pene- trated and worked vast improvements. The American will miss nothing but unsolicited ice water. Instead of boys in buttons there are maids—and what maids! They are the best-dressed women in all England, these great hotel chambermaids, or (if you will) these chambermaids of the great hotels, although they are great chamber- maids, great in their good nature, good looks and honest Breat in their persons, tell, strapping, well-filled-out, yet feminine, soft-spoken, well-rounjed and sweet-faced. They wear the most deiightful apr and as they come swishirg through the corri- dors with ther sti rched skirts all crackling joyously, it is like music. Lack of Rouge. One of the most distressing signts to tho man from Paris is the lack of rouge and rice powder on the ladies’ faces. It seems immo*est for them to be going about bare- faced, bare-lipped, bare-eyed. I do not mean rouge from a paint pot—there are various kinds of rouge You may go miles in the daytime without ever sceing a car- min-ed lip or a penciled eyebrow. Then I am sure their mode of dressing lends it- self to an ungracious walk and a figure that lacks chic. If one may believe his eyes, in looking over the advertisii es , of such papers as “The Queen, ‘The Gentlewoma! the ladies of London wear ‘all kinds of “combination garments.” In Paris, I am told, there is one way, and only one, all the year round. First, there Is | the chernise of cambric, very long and rath- i= full; next, there is the corset, which is very short, scarcely more than a broad, well-boned belt, broadening before and be- hind. That part of the first-named gar- ment wh'ch hangs below the second-nameq ement is tucked into a third garment. | ‘Then there is a very heavy silk petticoat, | shoes and stockings, of course. And that is all. When the gown is n over this slight—winter or summer—garniture, an en- semble is produced, either going or coming. or in profile, utte: from the smooth setting of ation garments and the stove-pipe-like rigidity of the long un-giving English corset. Another distressing thing in London is the bread. They have every kind of bread —brown bread, black bread, aerated bread, Hovis, Vienna bread, and even Hungarian bread! Such variety itself shows ureasi- ness. In truth the English have no taste for bread, and cannot tell good bread from bad. And, apart from the doughy, indi- gestible buttered slices which go with af- ternoon tea, they eat no bread. At lunch they take a sweet flour pudding instead of bread. At dinner they nibble bread. But there is a deal of cake, divided into two classes, (1) cake and (2) suns. The buns predominate. There are Bath buns and currant buns, black-top buns, hot- cross buns, German buns, and buns. ‘Their purpose is to fill up the front show win- dows of the bun shops, particularly those of the Strand. Thev are never eaten. At night they are taken out of the show win dow, carted away and made into sausages. Fresh buns are put in their place; and the windows leok gay and fresh again in the mornmng. This is different from the Erg- lish candies which may ve seen in the same windows. These are never removed, never renewed: but petrify in theic sweet- ness, except that now and then a kind- hearted person should buy a penny’s worth to give to some poor little barefooted child crying out in the cold and rain in front of Charing Cross station. The French can do without candy must have bread— and good bread. The whole French scheme of nutrition centers around the eating of bread. The wine makes the bread go down. The fish sauce is to stimulate the bread- eating capacity. The meat sauce and all the idea of the ragout is to the same end. If you cannot learn to cat bread in France you will starve, if living ina family, or pay high if eating in a restaurant. Tt fs a matter for debate which is the better sys- tem. “Lastly—for this subject !s too big for me—Worcestershire sauce {s not always eaten on roast and broiled meat, as the French and Americans fondly imagine. If you want it, you must ask for it. The Lon- @oners have become so habituated to eat- ing the kind of food that is set before’ thent that they have become cynical and disre- gard even the national disguiser.. There are some who do not even take salt and pepper, finding all the stimulus they need in drinks before and after, STERLING HEILIG. WHEN EARLY CAME How the Day Gained at the Moncc- acy Saved the Capital. ee CONFEDERATE MARCH UPON THIS GTY The Story as Now Told by Secre- tary Stanton’s Confidential Cierk. ees eaeen AND LINCOLN GRANT Written for The Evening Star. “I am the ridcr of the The stirrer of the si 5 The hurricane I left 1 Is yet with lightning warm. So were the coming and the going of Ge: Eariy, when, in July, 1864, hi warriors cressed the Potemae above W ington, found the gates of the city aje and the feceral government in the condi- wind, tion of absolute helplessness for defense. The armies for the detense of V ington were far away in the Shenandoah valley, under Gens. Hunter and Sigel, and these Early swept away in his mzrch for this city. Gen. Grant was then preparing to strike a decisive blow for the capture of Petersburg, and Gen. Lee, feeling the tightening coils, sought relief by sending Early, with an army said to be betwee 20,000 and 30,000. stron: to strike sive blow for the capture of Wash ‘That he could then have captured the city is undoubtedly true; that its capture and destruction were not effected was due s Secretary Stanton. ly to the fact that the leader Lee sent wa not equal to the tas He was too timid. Every man had been sent from the city to Gen. Grant, except a few in the defenses south of the Potomac, and the Secretary s then calling for 100-day men to help Grant in what was then hoped to be his final and cverwhelming battle with Lee, which he had then set for the 20th of that month. There was hope, and what it was based upon no person could know, or see, er tell, thet Washington would not be at- tacked, and as to its possitle capture, that was only realized when it seemed Ine} ble. One of the strangest things about this is that Gen. Grant did not seem to know, and was not advised of, the de less condition of the capital unti! the gi est Ganger had actually passedy not standing all that symbolized and was ht fact the pewer of the®naticn was its capl- tal and not the army of the Potomac. The army, under Gen. Sigel, had sought safety at Harper's Ferry, and the y under Gen. Hunt ad retr over the mountains into West Virginia, so that there was not a single body of veteran troops within hundreds of miles of the city. The Battle of the Monocacy. For the protection of Baltimore Gen. Lew Wallace (of Ben Hur fame) had at Freder- ick a force of zbout 5,00) Maryland militia, which, with less than 3,000 veterans of the sixth corps, under Gen. Ricketts, formed the army that saved Washington. These veterans arrived in Baltimore from Peters- burg, almost at the very moment of Early's arrival at the Monocacy, on the Washing- ton pike, and Wallace, having summoned Ricketts to that place, moved out from Frederick to give battle. At the Monocacy he fought Early’s veterans and their brii- liant leaders on Saturday, the yth of July, from 9 o'clock {n the morning until 5 o'clock. This battle was a precious day of safety for Washington. It had so crippled ¥arly that he could not continue his march upon Washington until the next day—Sun- day—at noon. This battle was reckless on the part of Wallace, but it was heroic. He had marched his men to’ be slaughtered that one day might be gained for the re- lief of Washington. When the magnitude of Wallace’s defeat had been realized in the War Department the Secretary spoke of it as having saved the city from capture. Considering that Wallace's home guards had never been in battle, and looking at the bravery and patriotism that animated him and the sons of Maryland he led, I feel like repeating “The Charge of the Light Brigade:” “Half a league, half a league, Half a league onward, All in the valley of death Rode the six hundred. “ When can their glory fade? O, the wild charge they made! All the worid wondered. Honor the charge they made, Honor the Light Brigade, Noble six hundred.” As history tells that a gallant band of Maryland young men saved the colonial army at the battle of Long Island in the struggle for liberty, so will history tell of the heroic bravery of the Maryland militia, under Wallace, in saving the capital of the nation at a time when its capture was easy and its destruction certain, On that battlcfield is a monument telling: “These men died to save the national capital, and they did save it.” At the close of the day, on Saturday, Sec- retary Stanton was advised of Wallace’s defeat, but it was not then known whether rly was moving upon Washington or up- on Baltimore. Dread In Washington. In the departments there was a feeling of dread, and expressions of surprise were common among the clerks and officers that the city had no troops for defense, and it seemed to me then that Mr. S anton felt that he hed,made a great mistake, when he knew that Hunter and Sigel could afford no protection to the city, in net then ad- vising Gen. Grant, and at once calling upon him for troops. But the Shenandoah val- ley had been such a source of trouble, dis- asters and mistakes, attributed to the War Department, that the Secretary was deter- mined not to interfere with Gen. Grant, but to give him every man he could et. It was not known in the city that Washing- ton was without defense until the defeat of Wallace, and then the alarm spread like a prairie blaze. Scouts were sent in every direction into Maryland and Virginia, and, finding no enemy on the south side of the Potomac, a portion of the troops were hur- riedly taken from the forts on that side and sent to the forts on the Mary.and side. The Secretary called upon the gov- ernors of a nimber of states for men for the defense of the city, but got none. His only hope was in the one-hundred-day men he had a little while before Early came called for to help Grant. These—only a few thousand—and some cle: were the only men in the forts when Early came, on Monday, the lith, in the afternoon, with his whole army before the defenses on the 7th street and Georgetown pikes. It would have been an easy matter then for him to have come into the city by both pikes; and the Bladensburg pike, just north of the Capitol, had no defense whatever. The Secretary had on Saturday sent for Quar- termaster General Melgs, and told him to arm and send to the front all the clerks in the departments, and especially his own. Business in the departments was quite suspended, and nearly the whole civil force was sent to man the intrenchments or to do guard duty in the city to relieve wounded soldiers, who were sent to the front. For fifteen miles the intrenchments on the north side of the city, extending from Benning, cast of the Capitol, to the Chain bridge, west of the Capitol, up the Potomac, were manned. by men who knew nothing of war. Tothis civil force was added a promiscuous force, gathered up in great haste from the pollce garrison of the y—the old soldiers in’ hospital, conval- escent. and distributfon® camps; guards from the public buildings, store houses, de- pots, corrals, and some cavalrymen wait- ing for horses; all the workmen from the navy yard shops, and sailors, hastily brought from New York with Admiral Goldsborough. All these'were sent to the trenches, ard all the clerks and workmen wore the regulation uniform. They made numerous show in the trenches, and ited great bravery in showing them- selves on the parapets of the intrench- ments between 7th street and the Tenley- town pikes, a distance of about two mile: I have read of the s: 2 of the flowe of the country in its young men, in the armies of both sides of our cruel war, and it will forever be to their praise that the flower of Washington, in its brave young men, went out to confront a danger in finitely greater than that which confronted the veterans under General Grant at Petersburg, for lee dared not move against them. This civilian and promis- cuous force lay on the'r arms in the trenches for two days and nights guarding the capital against an army that only waited the order to rush on, slaughter the men in the intrenchments, and-pass into the city. Many of thege clerks had never fired a gun, and many of the veteran con- valescents could, with difficulty, march. In t there were men who did not know t, to load, or to fire the guns. the See! fo how to adju All this walked his room in dr uneasy, and a, waiting for the trcops General Grant had advised General Hallec coming, and fearing that the telegraph would any moment tell him that Earl 1 passed the intrenchments and was coming down 7th street pike. I can now see the Secretary waiting and looking for news that the transports with troops had come to the 7th strest landing. The city was wild with excitement and fear, and from the surrounding country people were fl in terrer into the city, I had i fe in the War Depart- ment $5,009 in five-twenty bonds and about 3100 in gold from interest, belonging to Mrs. Stanton, and t anton told me to tuke home that day, id it within my It was all they had. That day Col. Anson _ Stager superintendent of the military telegraph, came into the Sec- retary’s room and asked him for leave to so home for a few days, to which the Sec- retary said: “We will all have to leave un- less relict com-s very soon.” This was all the answer, and the colonel did not go. 1 can now see his pale, amiable face and blue eyes. as he slowly turned in silence and left the room. On that Sunday I heard it said that the officers of the several banks were summoned in council to devise plans for the hiding of their money, and that the money in the Treasury Department re? moved from the vaults and hid, notwith- standing the building was barricaded and guarded by the clerk: The Sixth Corps. At noon Monday, avd a few hours after Early’s appearance, the balance of the sixth army corps,came up the Potomac from Petersburg, and were hurried out to the 7th street intrenchments, reaching there at the close of the day, and great was the re- lief in the War Department. Artillerists enough to work the guns were gathered in- to the forts at 7th street and at the Tenley- town pikes, and all that night the firing eculd be heard in the city, and in the heav- ens could be seen the illumination from the Lurning of the house of Postmaster General Blair, a little befond the forts. While the pture of Washington that day seemed in- evitable, I did not see or know of any in- dications of filght by the ‘Secretary. He had sent every officer from the department to the front to keep him advised of the danger, and from every point telegrams vere pouring {nto the department of the movements of the enemy and the weakness of the defenses, yet the Secretary seemed to have a marvelous calmness of hope and faith that rose abeve the presence of peril and dread. The failure to make the assault that day rly’s great mistake. He had de- <1 to make it on the morning of the h, but in the gray of that morning he saw floating all along the parapets the badge of the sixth army ci The vete- rans of this corps were fighters equal to his ewn, and the sight of that badge was a power before which he cowed, while the fate of Washington and the government trembled in the balance. I think Gen. Wal- lace had a far greater appreciation of the importance of defending Washington than Early had of its capture, for Wallace gave battle knowing that defeat was certain, while Early was subdued by a badge float- s in silence on the poorly manned _de- s of the city. He had about 7,000 i and there were a number of places ut which he could have dashed into the city, put to flight the government officials and set the city on fire in every direction. There was no commander over all the troops and deferses, and neither Gen. Hal- leck nor the President would give. orders, and in this condition everything went on for one week in a deplorable and fatal way. Monday morning, the 11th, the Gunpowder bridge was destroyed, so that no aid could come that way from the north for two days. A portion of Early’s cavalry force went within three miles of the city of Bal- timore, and captured and overturned two passenger trains, and hurned the governor's house. In that city the alarm bells were scunded, and notices were read in all the churches calling for the Union Leagues to assemble for defense. It was not until Early wes within forty rods of Fort Stev- ens and within a few hours’ march of the White House that the District militia was erdered Gut; and it was not until near the clcse of the 13th that Gen. Grant directed the appointment of Gen. Wright to com- mard all the forces in and moving from Washington or elsewhere against the then retreating enemy. Only think that with the army and the briiliant marshals Early had, and with the city defenses extending thirty- seven miles, guarded only by odds and ends, he could have brushed away at any mo- ment and captured the prize he was sent for. He retreated when there was no force coming behind him at the time he went aw: The sixth corps, only about 9,000 strong, was the only reliable fcrce in the defenses or near the city, and these had to be kept at Fort Stevens, on 7th street, which was believed to be the point the enemy would assault, rly had fought less than 2,00 of the sixth corps, under Wallace, at the Menocacy, and their fighting was like that which characterized the “Charge of the Light Brigade,” and he did rot want to meet the balance of that corps behind the fortitications. Enrly"s Retreat. * Of the enemy's retreat General Grant has said: “If Early had been one day earlier he might have entered the capital before the arrival of the reinforcements I had sent.” ‘This was the one day Wallace saved, when, from Frederick, he telegraphed Halleck that he would ccver the road to Washington and give Early battle on the Monocacy, and then :narched all night to meet Ricketts at the bridge on the morning of the 9th. While Professor Hewitt and his beautiful daughter were singing the song, “Maryland, My Maryland,” in Baltimore, against north- ern invaders, Wallace was leading in the darkness of the night the loyal sons of that ity, for its defense and for the defense of Washington, against the rebel invading army. If the enthusiasm which that melody inspires in the young men and boys in the galleries of our theaters means applause for the efforts made to destroy this country and ruin its people, thenit does not show a very high order of ‘intelligence. It cer- tainly does not show patriotism to the flag which is now the emblem of greatness an power wherever it floats. If it is applause for the Union words adapted by Winner to that music, then it is patriotic. If it Is merely the spirit of young men to applaud bravery on the rebel side, then it is com- mendable, for bravery= leads to an intelli- gent patriotic sentiment for our country’s flag. The enemy Early brought plundered the people and destroyed.thetr mills, factor- jes and work shops; took-2,000 head of cat- tle, 400 wagon leads of-provisions and 10,000 horses from the Maryland farmers, while the Union army gave protection and wealth to her people and to Baltimore. It seems to me that the words of that Baltimore song are worse than senseless, for the.rebel army was the only enemy Maryland had. I weuld have the badge of the sixth corps made the centerpiece of our country’s flag, and I would build a monument upon the White House and crown it with a diadem centered with a star, having the sacred radiance of the sun at high noon, and en- circle it with the name of Lincoln. Stanton’s Great Work. Lee, in the science of war, had effected his purpose, and for one leng month the reverberations from the battlefield of the Menocacy echoed along the corridors of the War Department. For one long month the glare of the flashes from the battlefield and the reports of the coming of Lee with reinforcements for Early kept the President, the Secretary and General Grant in a con- stant condition of apprehension that some cruel fate was hanging over Washing- ton, until, weary of the alarms, General Grant sent Sheridan to devastate the rich valley of the Shenandoah, that it might no longer feed the enemy in his march upon Washington by that highway. When I think of the appalling crisis to the federal government that would have follow- ed the capture of its seat of power, I find it very difficult to understand the following comparison made by General Grant of the | two civil heroes: “Mr. Lincoln was not timid, and was will- ing to trust his generais in making and executing their plans. The Secretary was very timid, and it was impossible for him to avcid interfering with the armies cover- ing the capital when it was sought to de- fend it by an offensive movement against the army guarding the confederate capital. He could see our weakness, but he could not see that the enemy in danger. ‘The | s eremy would not have been in danger if Mr. Starton had been in the field. These characteristics of the two officials were clearly shown shortly after Early came so tal.” 3 ¢ of terrible strain in his efforts to prevent the capture of the city, the Secretary did not interfere with General Grant's plans, nor call for his troops, and I think In his ron-interference he committed a grave mistake. The President, however, did alarmed, and very properly so, when, on Sunday, the 10th, just two howrs and a half after Early commenced his march from the Mouocacy for Washington, he telegraphed General Grant that there was no force here fit for the ficld; that Wallace was badly beaten at the Monocacy, and that he (Grant) should provide to retain his hold where he was and bring the rest promptiy to Wash- ington. Twenty-four hours after this tel gram was sent Early was within four miles of the White House. How Stanton Aided Grant. In the call for 100-day men the Secretary in his appeal said that our arms then ap- peared to be victorious under Grant, and asked for a helping hand for him and for the speedy restoration of peace, and de- clared that it was intended to keep up the national force until rebellion was over- thrown. T know tkat Mr. Stanton con- tributed largely to Gen. Grant's success and to his fame. He constantly advised the | people, through Gen. Dix at New York, of the sure success of Grant against Lee, and in one of his telegrams the Secretary ‘sent the words of Grant in his march to th: James: “I propose to fight it out on this ine if it takes all summer.” From that | telegram to Gen. Dix at midnight these | words became famous, and weat ringing to the people and to the press in all the loyal states. It was the campaign cry of. vi tory during Grant's candidacy for Presi- dent, and the people went to the polls say- ing that they would vote on that line if it took all summer. It was made the sub- Ject of song in the home and in the theater, in the streets and in the clubs. It rang through the convention that nominated Gen. Grant, and was the theme for all campaign speakers. On the night of the assassination of Pres- ident Linecin, Secretary Stanton took in- stant sieps for Gen. Grant’s safety. It was the Secretary who inspired Congress to confer on Grant the lieutenant-general- ship, and it was Mr. Stanton who first pro- posed that Grant should come to the Army of the Potomac. In Grant he found the general h> had been longing for, and so told the people, and in doing so demanded their lives and their blood to save this re- public. It was Mr. Stanton who saw in advance the deplorable trouble with Presi- dent Johnson, and who suggested to Con- gress that Grant be made general with powers and authority greater than tha the President, in view of the trouble which Mr. Stanton had feared from the new sur- roundings at the White House. It was Mr. Stanton who summoned Gen. Grant to meet him at Nashville and then went him- self at an appalling speed to save the de- feated army at Chattanooga. When the war was over, Mr. Stanton’s trouble with President Johnson _ nearly broke his heart, and I have recently read in the press statements attributed to Gen. Schofield that Gen. Grant opposed Mr. Starton Secretary, and that President Johnson's Cesire to get rid of the Secretary Was brought about through .Gen. Grani. These alleged statements of Gen. Schofield, I am persuaded, from what I then knew and heard, are well founded. I do not think Mr. Stanton’s equal could have beer found in all the world for the mastery of the perils which confronted the republic during the war. He did more in making anc in pushing the armies upon the foe than any other person in or out of the army. He was the ageressive power of the government. His was the great brain that knew the importance of working while it was day. This was the estimation President Lin- coln had of him, and the day before the murder of the President he came to the War Department to confer with the Secre- tary upon tke great problem of reconstruc- tion, and it was then that Mr. Stanton plead with the President that such recon- struction should not be delegated to the rebel legislatures or allowed to be effected by rebel crganizatigns, but to be under fed- eral authority and control. Wnen, finally, he left the War Depart- ment Congress by resolution thanked him for “the great ability, purity and fidelity with which he had discharged his public duties.” The legislatures and the people of the loyal states sustained him, while his enemies were heaping upon him the wildest abuse. For fotr years he had tought the enemy at the front, at the rear and upon both flanks, and he had conquered. In his last battle, as Secretary, he fought that enemy at the White House and he was conquered. A. E. H. JOHNSON. —— SCOTLAND'S GREAT GOLFER. become “Tom” Morris, Who Was Four Times Great Britain’s Champion. From the New York Times. The question has sometimes been asked by persons whose enthusiasm for golf is greater than their knowledge of it, whether old people can play the game. The query is not so surprising in this country, where the royal game is yet in its infancy In America golf is covering a field which hag never been fully utilized by any branch of sport. It has opened a field of exercise and amusement in which the elements of genuine sport are present in all their com- petitive features, and this field is being largely occupied by men and women of the middle age of life. The young men who play tennis, the college athlete, and the long-haired foot-ball player are not seen to any extent on the golf course. But the, tendency is that when they have run the course of these more active youthful ex- ertions, they will pick up the golf club and become enthusiasts, if not actually experts. If, however, any contradiction were need- ed that old age is not as eligible to enter the game as any younger period, attention need only be called to the past achieve- ments and the present abilities of “Tom” Morris, “old Tom Morris,” as he is more fondly called, the most celebrated and be- loved golfer probably in the world. For years “Tom" Morris has been an interest- ing character in England, as well as in Scotland, his native home and where all of his golfing honors have been won. “Tom” Morris has been nurtured and brought up on the golf links. He learned the game as a caddie over the famous St. Andrew’s links, and as soon as he was able he entered the professional ranks. Although now his days of big matches and championships are over, he is the ac- knowledged peer of professionals. He ts now in his seventy-fifth year, a hale,hearty, soft, and kindly natured old Scotchman, whose entire life and ambition have been bounded by the horizon of golf links. And just at the present time, throughout all the golf clubs of Scotland and England, par- ticular interest 1s being centered in this grand old golfer from the fact that the §t. Andrew's Club has started a movement to present a fitting testimonial to “Tom” Mor- ris in recognition of his long and valuable life services to the cause of golf. This movement is headed by the Hon. Arthur James Balfour, himself an ent astic player and captain of the St. Andrew’s Golf Club. > see Her Truthful Epitaph. From the Philadelphia Record. A cook who had been with one Manayunk family for five years died last week, and the bereaved family has erected a tomb- stone over her grave with the inscription: “Bridget, who departed this life October 1, in the fifth year of her reign.” ———_ +o - That Changed Matters. From Puck. Lambly—“I have a notion to take a little flyer in sugar. What do you think of it?” Puttson Calls (the broker, impressively)— “My boy, never speculate unless you can afford to los Lambly—“Well, I can afford to lose.” Puttson Calls (eagerly)—“My boy, now is the time to invest.” THINGS HEARD AND SEEN Among the visitors to the patent office yesterday was an old man with hair as white as snow, falling over his shoulders. His hands trembled as he searched the reports to see whether or not his idea had ever been patented. It is not his first visit to Washington, but it will probably be the last, for the days of life are few for him. I knew him years ago, when as a prac- ticing physician in Iowa, he had accu- mulated a comfortable fortune. It was noliced even then that through the back windows of his house came gleams of Nght when he should have slept. Then his practice was neglected and the doctor seldom left his room. Little by little his property went, one -by one his children died, until he was penniless and alone. Then for the first time his friends discovered that he was an inventor. Thousands of dotars had been invested in wheels and pulleys, and the great machine which was lo revolutionize the motive power of the world by running forever without other force than that contained within itself, al- ways lacked but one thing more, a wheel here or a cog there, and even his books were sold that his dream might be fulfilled. He would have starved had it not been for friends of his happier days, and when he tcld me yesterday that he had borrowed enough money to come to Washington and complete his patents there was a light in his eyes that was pitiful, although of glad- ness, for he can stand no more disappoint- ments, and when his last improvement fails, he will be found beside his model, his ured spirit at rest. Nestled among the mountains in New Hampshire is a village, and at the end of the long street with its even rows of white houses is a cottage where a gray-haired father and mother read the Bible every night and remember in their prayers a blue-eyed boy who died in Washington, where he had secured a government post- tion through a Congressman’s influence. Haw proud they were of him, and the fa- ther told the neighbors about knowing Daniel Webster when he was not as old or as smart as his Willie, who had gone to Washington. Then news reached the ‘il- lage that Willie was dead, and the grief of the parents was pitiful—he was thelr all. Upon the records of the department oppo- site the boy’s name is the word “‘dis- missed,” and there are stories among those who knew him that he tried to live as those did who received three times his pay. And there came a day when a blue-eyed boy stood in the prisoner’s dock, when twelve men brought in a verdict of “guilty.” In a certain penitentiary a convict wears the number “12197."" He has no name; there is a Name on the warden’s book, but it is not his, Willie is dead, and the ‘old people in the mountain viilage will be happier if they never know that number “12107” ever €x- isted. I saw a young married couple in the Na- tional Museum yesterday, and my heart ached for the bride. They had been mar- ried in a country church in Maryland and had come to Washington on their bridal tour. The girl had never been away from home before and perhaps she could afford but one dress, and that her wedding one, as a trousseau. The groom was evidently a hard-working farmer, and his hands felt very uncomfortable in white gloves, but he felt in duty bound to wear them. When they left the train the bride was delighted with everything she saw and especially the people, for they were all so friendly and looked as though they wanted to know and welcome the young couple. And she felt proud of her big, strong husband, there were none of the men who looked so strong as he. Then they went to a hotel and the groom left to find where they should go during the day. He was so full of joy that he could not help taking some of the men into his confidence, and they thought it would be fun to get iim drunk, so they told him that it was his duty to pledge his bride with every one he met. Used to noth- ing stronger than cider, he drank too much. He did not feel it when he first joined his bride, but after they had started through the museum his head began to swim and his feet to stagger until she almost had to carry him,’ her face presenting the most pathetic picture of woe and desolation I have ever seen. ‘There is a mean man in one of the de- partments. He came a year ago from a western state and has not a friend in Washington. He has no vices, his fellow- clerks say that he is too mean. During the year since he came the man has never been known to spend a cent beyond what was absolutely necessary, and the same clothes have been worn during the entire time. Declining all invitations and giving ncre, contributing as little as possible when all have joined in raising a fund, living no one knows where or how, it is a standing joke that he saves $1,100 out of his $1,200 salary. I heard some of the clerks telling stories of how he hoarded his money and I looked him up through curiosity. I found that I knew him and if ever there was a martyr he is one. In a western town, there is a family of four afflicted people a fa- ther and mother, who have been invalids for years; a sister, who by reason of an accident, is a cripple; a brother, a ne’er-do- well. Upon the homestcad fs a mortgage and no one to share the burden with the young department clerk. As he goes to his cheerless room at night and eats his scanty supper his heart is back in that western town with his loved ones, while his mind dwells upon the future when the mortgage can be paid and then there will be plenty to rent a little house in the sub- urbs of Washington and the family be re- united here, where perhaps skillful phy- sicians may relieve the suffering ones. So he is content to be friendless, for friend- ship brings obligations that he cannot af-- ford. There is a bright little fellow in the fourth grade in one of the schools out northeast, who hasn't neglected his educa- tion during the summer months just gone by. The teacher had been reading an in- teresting story of the Chinese empire to her scholars one afternoon, and closing her book, said to the little ones: “Foreign countries are rearly all govern- ed by emperors, kings and queens. Now, a kingdom is a country governed by what?” and her questioning eyes wandered from one to another of the rows of bright little upturned faces before her. “By a king,"” squeaked a little boy's voice on the back row of seats. “Right,” said the teacher, with an ap- preving smile. “Now what is an empire Here’s where the bright, litule, freckled- faced summer urchin could display his knowledge, so his hand shot up in the air at once. “Well, Rollie, what is an empire?’ ques- tioned the smiling teacher. “He's the feller that stands behind the catcher and gets punched when the players get mad.” : “The late Judge Snell was very fond of croquet playing, and when not busy with his official duties could most always be found, with mallet in hand, engaged in his favorite game. One morning while presid- ing over the Police Court, a young.boy was brought before him, charged with playing ball on the street. The policeman who ar- rested the boy swore he had caught the boy in the act. “Fine “he boy five dollars,” said the judge. “This ball-playing on the street must be stopped.” e ‘The boy’s father was present, and sug- gested to the judge that he would like to question the policeman a little before the fine was imposed, so Judge Snell ordered the policeman into the witness box again. After a little close questioning, the officer finally admitted that the boys were piaying ball on a vacant lot, and this boy had knocked the tall out into the street. “Make that fine two dollars, Mr. Clerk,” sald Judge Snell; “the case Is not quite so bad as I thought It was “But, your honor,” said the boy's father, “not long ago up ‘on 12th street I saw a game of croquet in which a high court cf- ficial was engaged, and I saw that oM\cial spitefully knock his opponent's ball clear across the street, and——” + “Take off that other two dollars, Mr. Clerk; I don't belleve this boy was doing wrong, after all.” And the judge lay back in his chair and laughed heartily as he re- membered what a whack he gave bis cp- ponent’s ball in the game referred to. A départment clerk and an army officer took in the wild west exhibition one after- noon last week, and were seated together in the reserved seat section. Occupying seats directly behind them were two ladies, with ———— | an evident leaning toward woman's rights, judging from their opinions of the merits or demerits of the different performers, ex- pressed in voices sufficiently loud to be heard by aff in thelr immediate neighbor- hood When the young Jady sharpshooter was giving an exhibition of her ability and agility with the rifle one of the ladies re- marked to her companion: “There! It takes steadiness of nerve and quick:.ess of sight to do that kind of work. T'd like to see a man do that A few minutes later a young man was showing his prowess in the same iine, and Lefore he finished his act he steod upon his kead and fired, hitting the glass balls in the air every time. = “There!” said George, turning to the colonel; “it takes stiffness of neck and con- siderable backbone to do that kind of work. I'd like to see a woman do that!” And the silence that settled down over that immediate vicinity was so dense it could be cut with a cheese knife. “Crcoked?” remarked the colonel from Texas, who has just returned frei an ex- tended visit following the conclave in Bos- ton. “Crooked, sah? Why, I never saw such crooked and such narrow streets In my life. Whenever I met a gentleman about my own build’—and he swelled up to his fullest capacity to give color to the remark—“either he or I had to crowd into an alley to let the other by; and it was very inconvenient, sah, very. “Boston streets and sidewalks are not as wide as we have them here?” queried The Star man, who had been listening very at- tentively. “Well, I rather reckon not. And crook- ed! I think the men who laid out the old Streets of Boston must have used the let- ter S and figure 8 for diagrams. Just to show you: I was walking along Washirgton Street, one of the principal business streets, one afternoon, and about a rod ahead of me I saw the back of a man I thought I knew—something about his build and cloth- ing that seemed very familiar—so I hurried up to catch him. He started forward at a more rapid gait at the same time, but I gained on him, and just as we reached a turn in the street a little more abrupt than vsual I put my hand on his shoulder. At the same instant I felt a hand on my shoulder, and looking around, who do you suppose I saw?” “Can't imagine,” replied The Star man. “Myself! Dang my buttons if I hadn't put my hand on my own shoulder! Fact, I assure you” And he hurried away to get ready for his duties the next day as Sunday school teacher. The recent cruises of the new ships of the navy have aemonstrated one thing, and that is that a ship cannot be fitted up with electric signals and be strung all over with wire and be properly managed. In some of the new ships there are ten miles of wire and about three-fourths of the time it is all ovt of order, and what still further complicates matters, it cannot be repaired when most needed. On one of the big, fast ships of the navy it was recently found necessary to carry messages from the deck to the engine rooms when the officers above wanted to communicate with those below. It is more than probable that -the vast amount of electric s'gnaling in several ships will be replaced by speaking tubes, which are always sure. Electric wires ina ship built a most entirely of metal are sure to get out of order, especially if there are too many of them. Representative Mercer of Nebraska and Mrs. Mercer have been making a regular honeymoon summer of it. It will be re- membered that they were married in this city last winter, and Dave did not allow a little thing like that to interfere with his congressional duties. But when the session was over he and his bride began traveling. First they went on the Japan-China trip, which wes arranged by Representative Doolittle of Washington. They remained longer in the orient than the others, and made a thorough tour of the far east. They returned by way of Hawaii, and saw @ great deal of that interesting island. Soon after reaching San Francisco they went to Alaska, and have just returned from that cold territory, and are now at home in Nebraska. Mrs. Mercer ts a sister~ in-law of Commissioner of Pensigns Loch- ren. One of the leading young lawyers of Washington went away from home recent- ly in a hurry and forgot to give all in- structions to his clerk. He had an office in one of the large buildings of the city, where a lock post office box is supplied for mail. The lawyer particularly wanted some let- ters forwarded to him that he was expect- ing, and so instructed his clerk in a letter. He addressed it in his own care sa.as to Insure delivery at_his office early. He in- closed his post office key. No letters were forwarded, and he was in something of a quandary, until he returned and found that the box could not be unlocked. and he had shut himself and his clerk out by hav- ing his key mailed in his care. A lock- smith was called :n, but the joke on the lawyer got out and cost him several rounds. One of the fads of Admiral Ammen, the inventor of the Ammen ram, is that bam- boo can be profitably grown in this coun- try. He has been attcmpting to demon- strate this upon his farm at Ammendale, Md., where he has resided since his retire- ment from the navy. The admiral is as ac- tive as ever, and seems to think that his life work should not end as long as he is able to work. The bamboo is shown to the visitors at his home, and he says that if rroner attention is given to it that it can be made as profitable as in the orient. Assistant Postraster General Jones says that he would like to have a hobby. He has one, but does not know it. His little pet fad is the reform of names of post of- fices throughout the United States. He wants to cut down names to words of one syllable, if possible. Failing in that, he wants to cut the names down to one word. He also desires to prevent as far as possi- ble the duplication of pcst office names in the different states. He does not expect to accomplish this, but hopes to prevent an increase of duplications. It is painful to him to find that there are twenty-eight Springtields in the United States. Spring- field, IL, is his own town. Then there are numercus other instances of large duplica- tions, and the appearance of thi indi- cates that there is not enough originality in the people of the United States in the matter of post office names and the selec- tion of names for towns. If Mr. Jones re- mains in office long enough he hopes te werk an improvement in this particular feature of the postal affair es AN Danger Over. From Harper's Bazar, Mrs. Slimson (severely)—Willie, this lady complains that you have heen fighting with her little boy, and wants you to promise never to do so again. Willie (io lady)—You needn't bee afraid, ma’am. Your boy will keep out of my way after this. . —coo—— A Progressive Farmer. From the Atchison Globe. ‘There is a farmer in Atchison county whe fixes up a half-dozen scarecrows every year, and he always dresses them to represent women. He says that the wind plays with a woman's skirts in a shoo! shoo! way tha? scares crows off the place. Th's cannibal is converted, but—oh, wha, a temptation —Truth,