Evening Star Newspaper, August 10, 1895, Page 15

ANCIENT ST. MARY’S Site of What Was Once the Capital of Maryland. A CHURCH BUILT OF HISTORIC BRICK Where the Order of Jesuits Have a Summer Home. MONUMENT TO CALVERT eS Written Exclusively for The Evening Star. © RIVER IN THIS Nee teresting historically and physically than the Potomac; along its banks are to Le found the landmarks which recall the most important events, and from its source to the Chesaveake it Presents every vari- ety of scenic beauty. Bighty miles below the capital we come to Blackiston’s Island, which gets its ap- pellation, no doubt, from one of the royal governors of Maryland. It is probably cne of a chain of islands which several cen- turies ago extended for fifteen or twenty miles down the river, including St. George's Island, end were known to the first ex- plorers as the Heron Islands. There are only two left, the others having been eaten away by the constant erosive action of the river, the effects of which are plainly vis! ble in the present day. Twelve miles further on ts Piney Point. There the river is at least seven miles wide. Along the Maryland shore lies St. George's Island, which trends for three cr four miles northeast and southwest. At the a : St. Mary’s Church. upper extremity it is separated from the mainiand by a narrow strait. It broadens out into a wide expanse of water, known as St. George's river, which re-enters the main stream at the southern end of the island, opposite to the mouth of St. Mary’s river. The island has been for many years a popular summer resort for Wash- ington people. It is a part of St. Mary's county, and _ originally constituted St. George's hundred, established in 1637. To the westward, dimly seen across the wide river, are the shores of Westmoreland, where Washington was born and spent the early days of his youth. Within the limits of St."Mary’s county began the history of the province of Mary- land. The foundations of the government of the lords proprietary were laid in St. Mary's city, which from 1634 to 1694 was the center of the religious, social and po- litical activity of the province. The rise and fall of that little community is one of the mest remarkable and interesting epl- sodes in American history. Some of the de- scendants of the picneers are to be found in St. Mary's county today, still residing with- in the limits of the ancient manors, in ses built more than a century ago, but is county, depending for its prosp¢rity largely on agricultural resources, was grievously affected by the changes resulting from the civil war. It is, however, too highly favored by -nature to be much longer neglected. Ancient St. Mary's. Tt was a beautiful day in July when I set out from St. George's Island for St. Mary’s in a canoe, manned by a typical sailor of the lower Potomac, to follow the course taken 261 years ago by the colonists under Leonard Calvert. We came in a quarter of an hour to the mouth‘of St. Mary's, which spreads out into a bay, of which the early chronicler wrote that it could harbor 30) ships of a thousand tons. Looking northward there is seen a wide exparse of water, bordered with forest except where the woods are broken by meadows and cultivated fields and habita- tions. In the distance headlands jut out Into the river, and beyond-is a semi-circle of hills crowned with trees. It is not the same view that met the eyes of Leonard Calvert and his companions, for the primi- tive forests have been thinned out, and the banks have worn away. On the eastern shore the house of tHe Jesuits, called St. Inigoes, after the Span- ish form of St. Ignatius, stands out in re- lief against the background of pines. All the land along the river for miles belongs to the order, being part of the 10,000 acres granted by the lord proprietary to Fathers White and Altham, who came from Eng- Jand with Calvert. ‘St. George’s Island was formerly embraced within the grant. The manor was established almost contem- poraneously with the founding of St. y's. The Jesuits’ mansion was built on promontory lying between the river Inigi a beautiful stream Maty’s from the east. was burned in 1865, and with valuable documents helong- of the manor. Tt was sture of imposing appear- The building of today is plain but commodious, and large enough to accom- modate the hundred or more vriesis and scholastics who resort to the place an- nually during the hot months for recrea- tion. They come from the theological sem- inaries, principally from Woodstock Col lege, Howard county, and, on the cecasion of my visit, they were ‘enjoying all the healthful amusements of their celightful retreat, such as bathing, rowing and ex- ercises in.the woods and fields which sur- round the mansion, > ae a on Sturdy oarsmen for the St. Inigoes’ boat is frequently s miles away onthe Potomas, Several ycecn ago the house was struck by lightning and three of the priests killed. Near the main building is a struc} rebuilt on the site of a much older edifice, which was used as @ chapel until one was erected in the woods on the bank of a pretty little creek. Talk With an Antiquarian. From St. Inigoes my canoe bore me to the oppesite side of the river, where I call- @4 upon Mr. J. Edwin Coad, a descendant ef a colorial family and a gentleman of the old school. Mr. Coad 1s an antiqua- rian and well posted on the history of the section. Acjoining his place was the man- or of the Hebb family. “Col. Hebb,” said Mr. Coad, “sailed with the Marylenders and Virginians, among whom was Capt. Lawrence Washington, in the expedition of Admiral Vernon against Spanish America in 1741. You will Fecall that Great Britain, in 1740, had de- clared war against Spain for interfering with British trade in the West Indies, and Vernon was dispatched to the among them, south with a great fleet and about 25,000 sailors and soldiers under Wentworth. Vol- unteers from the colonies joined the expe- dition, end with them went Col. Hebb and young Washington, who was appointed a captain of infantry. Portobello was taken and Carthagena tombarded, but the Brit- ish were repulsed with immense loss and Calvert Monument. the exped'tion proved disastrous. Wash- ington calied his home Mount Vernon in honor of the admiral, and Hebb gave the same name to his son. The Hebbs inter- married with the Dorseys, and the name went into the family also. The creek which you can se over there was named by Col. Hebb ‘Carthagena’ snd his place ‘Porto- bello,’ titles which they bear to the present ay. “On this place where I now reside there lived many years back Athanasius Fen- wick, a descendant of one of the followers of Calvert. He wes a peculiar man, hav- ing imbibed the radical notions of religion and government that prevailed in Paris during the reign of terror, of which he was @ spectator. He died here in 1824. Forty- five years later, at the request of his rela- tives in New Jersey, I had the remains dis- interred.” Mr. Coad informed me that when St. Ini- goes house burned the banauet table used by Lord Baltimore was rescued, and is pre- served in Georgetown College. It is a mas- sive table of oak, oval in shape. Another incident narrated was the recovery by Capt. Carberry of Washington from the bottom of the river of several brass can- non, which had been once mounted in the fort of the Jesuits. They were precipitated into the stream by the caving of the foun- dations. One of the cannon was presented to the state and others were used as boun- dery posts. From Mr. Coad’s to St. Mary’s City fs a short run, with a geod breeze. The view as we approach is very lovely. The river tranches cut into creeks and bays, which wash the white sandy beaches along the feet of cliffs and acclivities surmounted by woody crests. Amid the trees crowning an elevated headland is observed the cross on the spire of St. Mary's Church, and the building iteelf soon comes into view. Climb- ing the hill, the visitor comes upon the site of the old city, of which there are few ves- tiges left. Site of the Town. The site of the town was-a plain extend- ing for a mile along the southeastern shore and terminating in the point of lard upor which stood the fort, state house, chapel, the regidence of the governor, and other government buildings. Of these there re- main a@ chapel of the Episcopal Church, constructed on the sito of the state house, and another building of considerable size, which in 1844 was converted into a school, and is now used as a girls’ seminary. There are other memorials of cclonial days in the graves which fill the space around the chapel, Few authentic descriptions of the St. Mary’s city have been preserved. Even the place of the Calvert tomb is involved in doubt, but it is said the vault, was dis- tinguishable fifty years ago, and Was about fifteen feet from the northwest angie of the church. In i823 some young men on a spree broke open the vault, forced off the lid of the coffin, and revezied the remains of a woman richly dressed and adorned with trinkets of gold. On exposure to the air the body became a mass of dust and Lones. This was supposed to have been the body of the wife of Lord Baltimore, but it is more likely that the remains were those of Lady Copley, wife of the first royal governor. St. Mary’s Church was built partly from the remains of the state house. The land on which it stands was originally crown property, but, on the removal of the gov- ernment offices to Annapolis in 1691, it_was grented to the Church of England, the es- tabiished church of the province. The ex- isting enureh was erected under the super- vision of Rev. R. H. Mitchell. The Calvert Monument. In the graveyard are many headpieces bearing dates that have become illegible from age. Some years ago there was in a good state of preservation a headpost to mark the grave of a child that died, ac- cording to the inscription, in 1717. The Lionel Copley tomb is much older. In 1890 the legislature of Maryland erected a mon- ument to Governor Leonard Calvert. It is a graceful shaft, standing near the brow of the cliff, and displays on its four sides in- scriptions. ‘The ecclesiastical annals of St. Mary's are as Interesting as its political and so- cial history. The band of colonists led by Leonard Calvert were almost exclusively Catholics, and among them was no Protest- | ant clergyman. The Jesuit fathers, White and Altham, who came over with Calvert were soon after joined by two other priests from the College of Douay, and four mis- sions were established—one at St. Mary’s, and the others at Mattapany, near the mouth of the Patuxent, on Kent Island in the Chesapeake, and among the Piscata- way Indians. The eolonists having invited Into the proviace the oppressed of all creeds there was soon an influx of Puritans, who set- tled near the future site of Annapolis. George Fox, founder of the Quaker sect, came from Ergland and preached in 1670 in St. Mary’s, and several bodies of Quak- ers established themselves in the province, in which parties of Baptists and Indepen- dents from Boston also found a refuge from the Puritans. In 1692 the general as- sembly passed an act establishing the Church of England as the state church of the province, laying off the counties into parishes, and imposing a tobacco tax to support the church. While St. Mary’s city was the rallying ground of the Catholics, the Protestants gathered In St. George’s hundred, and the Poplar Hill section, about twelve miles to the westward, and in the vicinity of what is now Piney Point. 5 ‘The First Episcopal Church. The Episcopal Church at Poplar Jill oc- eupies the ground where stood the first Church of England in the province of Maryland. It is a mile or so from the head of St. George’s river, and beautifully sit- uated. In the chancel is a slab to the mem- ory of Rev. Leigh Massey, which is in- scribed: ‘Near this place lies interred the Rev. Mr. Leigh Massey. He was educaied at Oxford, rector of this parish, the darling of his flock, beloved by all who knew him. He died January 10, 1732, aged twenty- nine.” There fs in the aisle another slab to the memory of a child of Joseph Holt, who died in 1701. In the Poplar Hill cemetery rest the remains of many of the early rectors of the first parish of Maryland. The records of the parish were destroyed by fire many years ago, but the incumbent tector, Rev. Dr. M. H. Vaughan, a most energetic and worthy clergyman, has raan- aged to make up a list of the thirty-one rectors who have preceded him. Mr. Vaughan lives on the glebe of 430 acres donated in 1676*by a colonial land owner, John Cager, for the support of a Protestant ministry at Poplar Hill. Mr. Vaughan is a good farmer as well as sound preacher, and keeps the glebe in a high state of cul- tivation. His parish includes St. George's Island, where there {s a pretty little Epis- copal chureh, St. Thomas’, built on ground donated by the Adams brothers. The edi- fice, designed by Mr. Vaughan, is -n the pure Gothic style. RB. M. ———— A Word to the Married. From Scribner. . The world is not big enough for the suc- cessful disagreement of a man and wife. ‘They may part, but it fs not success; it is failure. Both must carry away the marks of it, and whatever may happen, neither is quite as good as before. In spite of divorce Jaws and all easements of that sort, we have contrived to make a deeply serious business of marriage. We ought to applaud those who succeed in it, because success is so indispensably necessary. I declare that I am personally grateful to married people who get on conspicuously well, They are a reassuring spectacle in society, and as a part of society I take comfort in knowing them and am obliged to them for existing, THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, AUGUST 10, 1895-TWENTY PAGES. CHARTS OF DISEASE Effect of Storm and Sunlight on the Body. GRIME AND THE SEASONS OF THE YEAR Some Interesting Studies to Be Made by the Weather Bureau. FOREIGN STATISTICS Written for The Evening Star. TATISTICS OF death, both natural and violent, and out- breaks of disease both mental and phy- sical, are to be col- lected weekly at the weather bureau, from a thousand or more of cities and towns scattered throughout every state and ter- ritory. These will be studied with refer- ence to the weather map. The paths of storms, for instance, will be followed as they pass over the country, and cases of illness and death happening in the localities traversed will be compared with similar cases occurring tefcre and after the same storms. A great- er part of the investigation will be mae Into the relationship between all diseases and the seasons and climates. The most interesting part of the work will be that relating to suicides and violent deaths, dis- eases of the mind, ete. All of these studies, proposed by the Sec- retary of Agriculture, Mr. Morton, have been placed under the direction of W. F. R. Phillips, a medical expert who has made a specialty of such matters. After the investigations have further rro- Bressed, a weekly bulletin will be issued, giving the results of observations to the medical profession and such others as are interested.~ A number of cards have been issued to all of the state and city boards of health and to all medical doetors In the citi care to co-operate. Each of these = ns a list of such diseases as are to be investi- gated. The health officers are requested to mark off, in a score for each day, tha num- ber of deaths occurring from the diseases named. The physicians are to check off diseases. “ated in that week, regardless of death. These are to be mailed every Sat- urday night to the section of sanitary cli- matology. Many of them are already pour- ing in, and their compilation is in progress. Maps of Diseases. Maps will be prepared each week, ing thegprevalence of certain d each section of the country. Each form of illness will be designated by a diffet ent colored spot. Curves connecting like colors will indicate the belts traversed by certain diseases. If repetitions of taese diseases occur in the same sections, under the same climatic conditions, the bureau in the future will be able to mark disease waves on the charts, as well as waves of rain, snow, drought, ete. It is v i that this will be of value to the b health and medical profession, It is ex- pected, also, that suflicient will be learned concerning the effects of the ciimate of certain sections to recommend them to persons suffering from diseases, as well as to warn others against them. Phillips yesterday explained to the writer, that this work will give valu- able results is best shown by a series of investigations made in New York some years ago by Drs. Buchan and Mitchell, two English specialists, who had pr ly made similar studies in London. was the only thorough investigation of the kind ever made in this country. Their in- vestigation covered a period of seven years. It was found that the greatest number of deaths of all classes of people over one year of age in New York city occurs in the latter part of March. Infants under one year die off in July in tremendous numbers. In London, how- ever, the greatest number of deaths of persons of all ages occurs in December. Infants there die off rapidly in July,but not so rapidly as in December. In New York city measles were found to be at their height in July, scarlet fever in early May, whooping cough in September, heart disease in December, convulsions and all nervous diseases in July. All troubles of the throat were most abundant in winter, as were those cf the intestines in summer. But strangest of all these discoveries was that a far greater number of suicides, both in New York and Lordon, occurs in the spring and summer than in autumn or winter. The Weather and Crime. But, as was pointed out by Dr. Phillips, here are some facts concerning the effects of the seasons upon the human constitu- tion which are even more Interesting, es- pecially just at this season of the year. These were lately observed by Dr. Lef- fingwell of England, whose tnvestigations included nearly every country in the world. Dr. Leffingwell finds that in spring and summer people are inclined to be much more immoral and unhealthy than in the colder seasons. He claims that in the warm months there is a preponderance of murders, suicides, divorces, assaults, duels, riots, wars and political revolutions, while the same period caus2s a conspicuous in- crease in the death, birth and marriage rates. He found, also, that divorces and, on the other hand, love affairs, were in- creased to some extei although he did not dwell widely on the traits of the “sum- mer girl” in his scientific researches. All of his theories are su ported by ac- curate data, collected from the official gev- ernment records of varivus couatries, the United States inchided. Dr. Leffingwell’s theory sets forth that the light and heat from the sun in spring and summer increase the action of the heart and the exvitation of the nervous system. From both of these result high emotion, increased tendencies toward jealousy, combativeness, irritability or disagreeableness, sentimentality, mental depression and restlessness, all of which conditions will account for the results ien- tioned in the previous list. Examination was made of the records of several cities of this country, as well as of concerning the suicide records. The ing up of ail the figures showed that in every northern country the number of voluntary deaths steadily increased from the béginning of the year until May, June and July, after which it just as regularly declined, although in winter the distress of the poorer classes is always at its height. ‘The records of insane asyluins of various countries, including this, showed that a sort of tidal wave of mental disorder hke- wise begins with the advent of spring, and inereases into the summer. Although the ancients believed the moon to be the cause of insanity, these facts seem to throw some of the responsibility for it upon the sun. Many experts in charge of insane asylums have reported that as spring advances an increase in excitement prevails among pa- tients. Crimes and Political Troubles. In regard to crimes, the records of such countries as have been examined show that the greatest number of murders and mur- derous assaults happen each year in sum- mer and the least in winter. These inves- figations covered a period of ten years, not cne year showing an exception. In the same countries it was found that the hot season was the most and the cold the least productive of assaults upon women. Crimes resulting from hatred or antipathy show the same Increase. In France, the only country examined in this regard, a greater per cent of divorce cases was found fo be in court in spring and summer than in other months. As far as war, insurrectfon, political troubles, etc., are concerned the same re- gults were found. In Italy more duels are fought in hot weather than in cold. The spirit of patriotism is also found to be warmest in the warm seasons. As ex- amples of tnis In America—the Declara- tion of Independence was made fr July. The first pitched battle of the revolution was fought in June. The four great riots of New York, in 1849, °57, 63 and ‘71, oc- eurred during May, June and July. The great Pittsburg railroad riots of 1877, the Homestead strike of » and the great Chicago strike of last year, all three were begun in July Similar facts are conspic- uous alse in regard to other countries, as, for’instance, in France gly included the attack of the Bastile, iti fall of the Bour- bons and the declaration of war on Prussia. SE PASSION FOR CLOTHES. = aes It Dees Net Follow That a Dandy is Brainless ge From the Boston Transcript: Whence comes the popular prejudice against dandies? Is it not a compliment, a kind of delicate fiattéry, when a man is careful to be finely dressed when he comes irto our presence? Is it eertain that a man is vain and shallow-pated if he is fond of adorning his person? Dees not this trait, on the contrary, rather argue that he has a low opinion of his native bodily charms? Eyen the extreme types of dandyism—men who, instead of engaging in professional cr busiress pursuits, are known only as em- bellishers of sidewalks, illustrators of the fashions or professional time-killer’—are generally capable of higher things. Many of them are masters of the manly art of self-defense, and pride themselves as much on keeping their bodies in condition as if they were muscle-men, instead of Chris- tians. A calm-eyed, firm-mouthed race, they can put a pistol ball into the bull’s- eye of a target or pull an oar for miles as quietly as they pull at a meerschaum, and would face a row of yawning cannon as coolly as they do a row of leveled opera glasses. De Quincey observes that many instances during the Napoleonic wars showed that in the frivolous dandy might often lurk the most fiery and accomplished of aids-de- camp. Did not Wellington pronounce his dandy officers to be the best? In our revo- lutionary war the members of the Mary- land brigade, commanded by Smallwood, “were distinguished by the most fasbion- ably cut coats and the most macaroni cocked-hats in the Union.” Yet the gal- lantry and unflinching valor which they displayed at the battle of Long Island, when hemmed in by a superior force, wrung from Washington the exclamation, “Good God! What brave fellows I must this day lose!” All through the war this honorable distinction of the Marylanders for their persoral gallantry was fully maintained, until at the last pitched battle at Eutaw Springs we see them driving before them the finest infantry of England at the point of the bayonet. Those persons who fancy that a man with a passion for fine clothes—one in whose” intellect, as Carlyle says, the all- importance of clothes has sprung up, with- out effort, like an instinct of genius—must necessarily be brainless or frivolous forget that “the foremost man of all the world,” Julius Caesar, was a fop. Claverhouse, the Scottish chieftain, was a fop, and un- der the finish of dress and levity of beha- vior “hid,” as Emerson says, “ine terrors of his war.” There are persons who speak contemptuously of Lord Chesterfield, think- ng of-him only in connection with “the graces; pray, remember the graces!’—the stereotyped words with which he concluded many of his le to his son—or as spend- ing four hours a day at his toilet, and pre- paring impromptu and elaborate courtesies for the social circle. They are ignorant or forget that this elegaut and courtly man Was one of the best lords Heutenant that Ireland ever had, the best speaker of his @ay in the house of lords, a graceful essay- ist and the wittiest man of quality of his time—a time when, as Abraham Hayward says, “wit meant something more than pleasantry or sparkle.” A COMBATI ROOSTER. Sprending the Gospel in Maine Under Difficulties, From the Portland Daily Press, One of the agents of the American Bible Society recently related the following ex- traordinary incident of his trip through Franklin county, froma whjch he had just returned. There ts a, smal farming -com- munity up there- among the hills, some- what remote from the regular routes of travel, and which is Known in the vicinity as the “Back Kingdom.” | The Bible agent visited. this neighbor- hood and walked sup into the dooryard of the first house. There seemed to be no one at home, but before he had time to knock at the door he was surprised and startled by a most ferocious and unexpected at- tack. A big Plymouth Rock rooster came at him like a battering ram, with lowered bill and flapping wings. The Bible agent recovered himsel? and kicked out franticalty at the enemy. Luckily his foot struck it in the breast and over went the rooster. But the flerce old clatterer was up and at him again like a flash. This time a well-directed kick sent the bird rolling ove: and over. But it gathered itself together for another rush, and the Bible agent seized a hoe that was leaning against the house and raised it on high. ‘This somewhat daunted the rooster. It stopped short, raised itself on its toes, gave utterance to three defiant crows, and the retreated in go0d order with a stately tread. 5 The Bible agent found that there was robody in the hovse. As he continued on bis way he soon met scme men In the hay fleld. He shouted out: “cok here, If you den’t look out fer that rooster of yours he'll kill, somebody or get killed himself.” At this time the men almost rolled on the ground with laughter. One of them came up and explaired that the boys had so plagued the fierce old rooster that he had become as ugly and aggressive as ny savage watchdog. ——$—_<+e.——_— ABOUT RED TAPE. He Claimed to Understand Methods of Government Business. From the St. Louls Globe Democrat. The late Chief Justice Watts was one of the famous characters of New Mexico in early days. He had occasion at one time to address a communication to the Secre- tary of the Interior on the subject of In- dian affairs in the territory. When he had covered some forty pages of legal cap with his views, he concluded, as follows: “Now, Mr. Secretary, will you ever see this communication? Not a bit of it. I will tell you the probable fate of this com- munication. It will arrive in Washington by due course of mail; it will then be taken from the post office to the Interior Depart- ment, where it will fail into the hands of some clerk, who will take it from the en- velope, glance over it, place it in a pigeon hole, and go out to take a drink. When he returns, he will have forgotten this com- munication; but some fine morning, after he has cocked up his feet on the sovern- ment mahogany and read the morning pa- pers provided at the expense of the govern- ment, he will remember this communica- tion; will take it from the pigeoa-hole and it,and indorse there- ication ‘rom John S. s of New Mexico, on the subject of Indian affairs. John S. Watts not being on oflieer of this department,and not being officially connected with the;conduct ¢f In- dian aifairs, this communication requires no action.’ It will then be replaced in the pigeon-hole, where it,.will remain «until the crack of doom. Very respectfully, etc.” —__—-+ 0+ At His Brother's Grave. Rev. Thomas K. Béecher of Elmira Iong has been neted for Bis eccentricities, and never was he more peculiar than in his address the other day, in Brooklyn at the |e of his brother, Rey. Dr. Edward eecher. Stepping to’ tne ede of the plat- form and gazing down atthe coffin, he said: “Edward Beecher born of Roxanna Foote and Lyman Beecher. Jesus was born of woman; you were born of woman; Jesus’ lived and suffered; you lived and suffered. Jesus laid down His life, and you have laid down your life. An avalanche does not stop for a tiny gravestone. It's not written that life shail stop for such a trifle as death. Henceforth we know you no more after the flesh. This was the il- lumination of the~early Christian. I am able to tell you that death, as business men phrase it, has been discounted daily for years in this man’s life. I would not have you ignorant. The Lord shall appear in the heavens with a shout and with the archangels of heaven. The dead shall rise and shall be caught up to meet the Lord. Let us learn the letters of our alphabet. I am the Alpha and the Omega. Let us be steadfast, immovable. Our labor in the Lord is not in vain. Deny yourselves worldly lusts, as this man did. Live so- berly and righteously, looking ‘for the blessed end for Jesus Christ, who gave himself for us that He might purify us for himself. I had a brother, but I have one who ranks him by 2,000 years, my elder brother, and every one @ you is his brother." TOO PREVIOUS. ~ BY JOHN HABBERTON. (Copyright, 1895.) _ Billy Blew was the most wide-awake boy in the village of Crumpton. . Even his mother, who was not given to over-praise of her own children, was often heard to say that if Billy was as wide awake at break- fast time as he was at all other hours of the day she did believe her life would be prolonged at least ten years. No matter what might happen at Crump- ton—a dog fight, a towa election or the com- ing of a circus—Billy was among the first to get the news and to get hold of the inci- dent with both hands, so to speak, He was so quick to get hold of anything that frequently he took hold of the wrong end, which sometimes led to awkward results. For instanée, he at one time took great in- terest in a revival of religion which had been started by some of the righteous in the village. Billy was not a member of the church at the time, for he was only thirteen years of age, but he intended to join when he grew old enough, and to become promi- nent enough to pass the plate on Sunday. As all the local sinners were being “labored with” by the local saints, Billy appointed himself a committee of one to look after strangers who chanced to stray into the vil- lage, and he was so quick of action that when he saw a red-faced man of uncertain knees descend from the mail stage one af- ternoon he made haste to bég him to flee from the wrath to come, and he told him where and how to do it.” For this kind ser; vice Billy got his ears boxed, and was told to mind his own business. When he reached home at supper time he found the red-faced man the guest of Mr. and Mrs. Blew, for the man was a noted exhorter whom the church had persuaded to come from afar and give the revival a boom, but this in- formation did not make it any pleasanter for Billy to sit at table with him. Still, one does not always need to be a boy to get hold of things by the wrong After the revival the town took a tre- mendous interest in temperance, and Billy helped the good work along with all his might. He signed every pledge he could lay hands upon, and he argued so per- sistently with one of the two local saloon Keepers that the wretched man offered a darky a dollar and a bottle of whisky to coax Billy off for a wild turkey hunt in the next county, and promised double pay if he would succeed in losing the boy until the temperance storm should blow over. But Billy wouldn't go; he said King Alcohol was the game he was after, and he chased him, in season and out of season, generaly the latter. One night he slipped out of the house, just before midnight, and with the assistance.of a full moon and a pot of black paint he decorated the doors of the two saloons with inscriptions, in letters a foot long, painting on one “The portal of death” and on the other ‘“Perdition’s fiery draught.” He might have had a pleasant time next day observing the effects of his work upon the passers-by, had he not given himself away by appearing on the street in trousers much spotted with black paint. These led one of the saloon keepers to have suspicions, and to lead Billy himself to a secluded spot, where the boy was leisurely but thoroughly kicked, and both saloon keepers compelled Billy's father to pay for makin§ their doors appear as good as new, and in such circumstances a boy’s father ¢annot be expected to be very sympathetic. But, in spite of all depressing incidents, Billy continued his warfare upon rum. Hearing it whispered about that some young men drank on the sly in the back room of the drug store, he made observa- tions at the keyhole after dark, and in time he might have seen something had not somebody at an upper window of the drug store first seen Billy and dropped upon iim something which felt like two or three barrels of the wettest kind of ice water. Still dampened clothes could not dampen Billy's ardor for reform. The town gos- sips insisted that a lot of sly drinking was going on somewhere, probably at some of the stores. As whatever is said by gos- sips is likely to be believed by boys, as well as by many older people, Billy prompt- ly organized the “Reform Spy Corps,” the corps consisting of himself and_his friend, Ted Salmon, to find out where liquor was being sold. A new firm—Perks & Rushitt— had just started in business in the town, and as none of the natives knew anything about the two new men, they were willing te believe that they were no better than they should be. Perks & Rushitt made a specialty of the newest of new things, such as steady-going villagers will never touch if they can help it—such things as washing machines and electric churns, and self- fastening clothes lines, and egg preserv- ers, and goodness only knows what else. They had even tried to interest some of the well-to-do natives in self-making gas for lighting houses. One day Billy overheard a village gossip of the highest and most malicious standing saying to an ordinary gossip that Perks & Rushitt were in the whisky business, sure, for he had heard Perks say to Rushitt that there would be twelve barrels along by the late freight, and he was glad it would not Teach town before dark tg scare folks, and Rushitt said they'd better get it beside the store at once, to be put into the cellar early in the morning before folks were stirring, and Perks said he was afraid they’d smell it anyway, and Rushitt said he hoped they wouldn’t until it had a chance to brighten up the town, It Gcesn’t take gcssips or boys very long to put two and two together ard tell what they come to. Billy scurried off in search of the remainder of the Reform Spy Corps, and the corps slipped down to the railway station, hid behind the water tank, and watched. Yes, the gossip was right. The freight train stopped and put off a dozen barrels, exactly like those the boys had seen delivered at the saloons from time to time. They heard the station agent, who was a temperance man, say to Perks that the infernal stuff—those were his very words—must be got avfay from the station at once, and they afterward heard Rushitt bargaining with a teamster to get the stuff to the side of their store, which was on a corner, at once, and to get around by day- light in the morning to help put it in, and they further heard the teamster cautioned not to say anything about it to any one, because the firm had not yet got their license. Then the Reform Spy Corps withdrew for a Jong, breath and a consultation. “Let's tell the authorities a a gested Ted Salmon. pie “I don’t believe *twould said Billy, gloomily. are pataito be biind to selling that goes on. Som be di though.” ething ought to “3 right, then,” assented Ted. out what it shall be, and I'll help On ‘Tell you what,” exclaimed Billy, - denly, “let's stay awake till all the’ ghia are out in the village houses, and then spill the whole Tot Into the gutter.” “Whew,” whistled Ted. “That'l awful lot of work, and tools, tooo cement ake anything but a big gimlet and a lot of courage and a litth in terrupted Billy. pee “Well,” said Ted, “I'll supply a gi — and acme of the time.” gig fie is “You may count on me for the courage,” sald Billy, grandly. iesiaes, I know Tost ow “to tap barrels, ause m:; once showed me how.” een The corps separated for an our or two to get gimlets and await the delivery of the barrels at the store. The members ren- dezvoused, an’ hour or two later, at a shed not far from the store, just in time to see the teamster drive away after depositing his last load. Then Billy climbed a» tree, looked the village over, and reported that not a single light was visible anywhere. About that time the church clock struck eleven. = “We may as well begin,” said Billy, “for the heads of whisky barrels are of oak, and oak is awfully hard to bore with a gimlet.”” “The twelve wicked, law-defying barrels lay in a row on the sidewalk, so the boys began at the ends and werked toward each other. In a couple of minutes Ted ap- proached Billy and whispered: “Say, if whisky tastes as awful ag it smells, I can't understand how men can rink it.” “They couldn’t, if thelr tastes weren’t depraved—that’s what the temperance lec- turer said. Go on boring.” A moment or two later Billy slipped up to Ted and remarked: “Say, the ground slopes in my dtrection, and the whisky from your berrel is rum- ning all over my feet. I wonder if a person can get by absorbing the vile stuff threugh his skin?” “Goodness! I hope not,” exctaimed Ted, “tor my feet are soaked - Hadn’t we betes: stop until we eee “No. Let’s work e harder, on nfoion.” anid Bile Ube wee fabs the od do any good,” “Father says they most of the liquor 15 fect of it in our heads, it will be time enough to stop. Such a night and such a chance as this may never again be ours while we live. Go on boring—but come down t> the barrel next me, and we'll work away from the slope, so as to keep our feet as dry as possible.” It took a full quarter of an hour, and also took a lot of skin from the palms of two right hands, to bore a hole in each barrel; then another hole had to be bored in each, to admit air and hurry the flow, but the beys were sustained through all by their virtuous purpose, and by the melodius gur- gle and ripple of the dozen streams uniting in one at the gutter and slowly making way down the gentle slope toward the creek, which was the general depository of all street drainage. Fortunately, as Billy whispered, the creek was more than half a mile away, otherwise, all the catfish and suckers might be made drunk by the de- testable stuff. x Finally the last air hole was bored, and two young backs straightened and tried to get rid of some cruel aches and shooting pains; then two bliistered right hands sought each other, two hot gimlets were raised aloft, and Billy whispered, quoting from the Temperance Glee Club's adapta- tion of the “Star Spangled Banner:” “And thus be it ever, when brave men shall stand x Between their loved homes and rum’s sad desolation.” “That's so,” Ted answered, “but next time I'll lénd the gimlet if some other fellow will do the boring. Ow, but my hand does burn awfully!” = “Come home by way of our house,” said Billy. “There's a can of linseed oil in our barn and father always uses it for blistered hands.’ Together the boys walked beside the little torrent, which their inspired energy had created: the night was too dark for them to see much, but they coujd hear the hur- rying liquid; beside, as Ted remarked, any one who was both blind and deaf couldn’t help knowing all about it, for oh, how the stuff did smell! “Indeed it does,” sald Billy. “I wonder the odor doesn’t wake all the drunkards in town. If we don’t want to give ourselves away at home we'd better leave our shoes and stockings outside.” At the foot of the slope, where the boys and the stream had to take different di- rections, the members of the Reform Spy Corps stopped for one last, exultant look, and Ted leaned. so low that he lost his balance, fell and dropped his gimlet. “T must tind that gimlet,” he said, as he arose, “for it had father’s name scratched on the handle, enn a finding it might suspect some! s.”” ‘So both boys began groping about the ground for the gimlet, and finally Billy lighted a match and then a twist of paper. “Be careful,” exclaimed Ted, seeing and seizing the gimlet. “Put out your light, somebody may see us by it.” Billy did not act quickly enough to suit the cautious Ted, so the latter snatched the paper and thrust it, flame downward, into the gutter to extinguish it. In an instant there was a flash of light, much brighter than that the paper had made, and both boys started backward in affright, for the flame was running up the gutter and down the gutter and making a fierce blaze and a bad smell and a choking smoke. “You idiot!” exclaimed Billy. “Didn't you know that alcohol would burn? The faster we leg it now the better for us.” “We'd better hide,” said Ted, “for by this light anybody who happens to see us will know us.” Billy thought so too, so the couple dash- ed into old Mrs. Binder’s garden and hid themselves in the dense shade of a grape arbor. They were none too soon about it either. for several families, whose win- dows had no blinds; were aroused by*the glare, and the men came out and shouted “fire! and knocked at the doors of other men, and soon the boys heard hurrying steps and then a loud shout— “It's Perks & Rushitt’s store!” “You don't suppose it can be, do you?” groaned Ted to Biily. “I don’t know, I’m sure,” was the shaky reply. “Perhaps the fire has found its way up the hill, and made some of the barrels explode, or set them afire. I hope it’s nothing worse then that. “*Pwouldn’t have happened,” complained ‘ed, “if you hadn't lit that paper.” “If you hadn't lost the gimlet, you mean, you stupid fellow,” retorted Billy. “As to that,’ said Ted, “It all came of your wanting to spill the barrels. What if the stuff wasn’t whisky, efter all? May be it’s spirits of turpentine or something. “*Tisn’t turpentine,” said Billy boldly, but the very next moment he found him- self full of awful forebodings. There were many things beside alcohol that would burn, or so he had heard at the drug store. Suppose the barrels had contained some of the inflammable things that were used in mixing paint, and of which men were so careful, when there was fire any- where near? By this time the entire town seemed aroused; men were shouting everywhere, and running from every direction, so the boys thought it safe to sneak over the back fence, into an unfrequented street, out of which they cculd dash, join the general crowd, and learn what they really had done, and how much damage had been caused. They soon saw, to their great re- lief that Perks & Rushitt’s store was not afire, but the barrels themselves were burning fiercely, and men were pushing them with long poles, to the middle of the street. Suddenly Billy saw his own fa- ther, hurried to his side, and asked, as innocently as he could, although he doubt- ed whether he did it very well. “What's it all about, father?” “Twelve barrels of gasoline for the self- making gas that some of Perks & Rush- itt’s machines were to supply at the big political meeting at the maple grove next Saturday night. I’m not a bit sorry for the firm, either; they’d no license, as yet, to sell the stuff, yet they’ve brought it right into the heart of the town.” “Oh, I'm so gled,” exclaimed Billy. “Yes, I suppose so; boys always like to See a fire, no matter who may suffer.” “I didn’t mean that,” said Billy, humbly, as he kicked at the end of one of the charred pdles with which the hi been pushed away. Suddenly there was a new blaze, and Billy was literally in it with both feet, for the fire had caught the gasoline with which his shoes were soaked. ad yelled with fright, while Perks roar- “Lie down in the street—quick. Some- body heap dust thick on his feet—nothing else will put out the fire.” Perks’ orders were quickly obeyed; then the dust on Billy’s feet was drenched with water, and when finally he was picked up and scraped off his feet felt as if shod with lead. When his father at last started him homeward Perks and Rushitt both stopped him and asked: “How did his feet get wet with gasoline. Mr, Blew? Some one bored holes in those barrls, and perhaps your son may be use- ful to us in tracing the matter?” Poor Billy. He wasn’t worth a cent as a Mar, so the whole truth came out within ten minutes, and Perks and Rushitt want- ed to throw both boys into the fire, and they afterward sued the boys’ parents for the value of the gasoline, and then for something dreadful, called ~‘consequential damages,” because the fire frightened everybody out of using the self-making gas. Billy is still on the reform side of all public questions, but he is older than he was, so he knows a great deal more, al- though he isn’t near so smart, and the way he sits down upon other yogng re- formers who have a tendency to be “too previous” is very assuring ¢ class of his fellow citizens.» ‘° ‘Ne better GOLD LINING IN RATS, Yellow Metal Found in Rodents and Savants Take the Tip. From the Chicago Tribune. In forming a company for the extraction of gold from the microbes which are sup- posed to attach themselves to that metal in countless millions mature Frenchmen seem to have stolen an idea from thrifty Yankee boys. I. B. Lake, a representative of the Wal- tham Watch Company in this city, says it is a common practice for the boys in watch and jewelry factories to kill rats and burn their bodies to get the gold from them, and that the amount thus obtained in the course of a year is considerable, In every large plant like that of the Wal- tham Watch Company many oiled rags are used in burnishing watch cases, and in time become strongly impri with gold. The boys about the factories are sup- to keep these rags out of reach of the rats, but they don’t do so. On thi contrary, knowing the keen appetite of the rodents for everything greasy, the boys carelessly jeave these rubbing rags lying about where the rats can get at eat them. Six month of this kind of diet fills the interior mechanism of the rat with a gold plating he cannot get rid of. It sticks to him closely, and so long as the sup- ply of olly rags holds out the rat sticks to tke factory. In order to make sure the vora- cious rodents will have an inducement to gorge themselves with gold, sharp boys drop butter and fatty meats from their luncheons on the floors and rub them well into the wood by shuffling their fect on it, At night the rats come out and nibble the flooring. They don’t care for the gold in {t, but the grease attracts them, and in getting at the grease they take -essin of gold with it. ‘ig ae ~ Twice a year the boys have a nd round up. Rats are caught by the hun- dreds, and after being killed are put into a crucible and burned. The intense heat drives off ali animal substances, leaving the gold in the shape of a button. ‘The amoant collected in this way depends upon the number of rats the boys can catch. It hardly large enough to attract an invest- ment of capital, but it gives the ingenious youngsters considerable pocket money and encourages business tactics. In some fac- tories there are young Napoleons who buy up in advance the shares of their fellow- workers in the rat colony. A scarcity cf rats will depress the price of futures, while an overplus will advance it. Sharpers who understand these conditions are accused of having at times caused an artificial scarci- ty or oversupply, as it might be to their interest to bull or bear the market. The French discoverers area little be- hind the times with their microbe scheme, She Was Particular. From Judge. “Let us go to the beach and bathe,” said Mrs. Wiffells to Mrs. Taddells. “Thank you, but I prefer not. E think it is unsanitary under present ‘conditions. When individual oceans are provided for bathers I will go in.” ROSES It Makes Such a Difference Who Does ——>.—_. The Cook Became an Amazon. From the New York Press. My good wife sent south a year ago fora domestic servant of color who could do the ccoking, ironing and washing for our small family of four. She came from Asheville, and weighed, I should say, not less than 300 pounds when she arrived. We did not work her very hard. We waited on her most diligently, for we both were afraid she might get homesick and leave us. But al our efforts were in vain. A week ago she departed, informing us she had found an |. easier place. Yesterday George, my eldest son, thought a trip to Concy Island would enliven us. We rode on all the trick rail- roads and went down the chutes. We shot at the balls and threw at the cats. Finally we brought up before the DahoMey village, and went in to see the “sixteen genuine amazons” advertised on the bunting out- side. There on the left end of the row sat our Mary. But for her color she would have blushed at sight of us. As it was, she hid her face in her hards, and dropped her wicked spear and rawhide shiell. We said nothing. We looked and departed for heme. ——__-+«+____ The Wife's Wish. From the Detroit Free Press. He—“Madam, your husband fs Hberal to @ fault.” She—“T wish I were a fault.” ————— With but Mttle care and no trouble the beard and mustache can be kept @ uniform brown or black color by using Buckingham’s Dye for