Evening Star Newspaper, June 15, 1895, Page 18

THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, JUNE 15, 1895-TWENTY PAGES. LOUGH-CUTRA CASTLE. AN IRISH ESTATE Now the Property of Lord Gough of the British Legation. FINE OLD CASTLE OF LOUGH-CUTRA Attractive Scenery and the Pictur- esque Round Tower. eer A FREAK OF NATURE Written Exclusively for The Evening Star, T IS TO ONE OF the most beautiful es- tates In Ireland that the first secretary of the British legation, formerly known in Washington as Hon. Hugh Gough, suc- ceeded, with the title of Lord Gough, on the death of his father last week. The domain of Lough-Cutra, which takes its name from & beautiful and extensive lake forming one of its boundaries, is situated in County Galway, fifteen miles south of the town of Galway and about three miles from the little market town of Gort. Lough- Cutra Castle stands above the southwest margin of the lake and commands a view of unparalleled be uty. At its feet on one side is the lake, which contains every species of fish or water fowl which will live in that region. Stretch- ing away from It in all other directions are its most tastefully planned and beautifully kept grounds, with their trim sunken gar- dens, American gardens, smooth green lawns and deer park, and beyond the do- main walis the remainder of the Gough estate, while still beyond that amd far off in the distance can be seen the Slieve- Baughta mountai ‘The castle is a castellated archite ne specimen of modern ture, and is altogether The Main Doorway. @ magnificent residence. It was built a little less than a century ago py Lord Gort, who, having expended his fortune in build- ing the castle and beautifying the domain, Was obliged to sell it, and it was finally purchased as a residence by the first Lord Gough. This Hugh Gough, who gained his successive titles of baronet, baron and viscount, received: the thanks of parlia- ment, a life annuity of £2,0u0 for himself and his tw next su rs and was made field marshal, through his. various brilliant victories in the wars with China and in India. 1t was this Lord Gough who consum- mated the annexation of the Punjaub to Britain and captured the famous Kohinoor diamond, which he afterward presented to the Queen of England. He was a man of exceptional courage and chivalry, and ts said to have commanded more general ac- tions than any British officer of the cen- tury. At home, he was beloved and honor- ed by friends and tenants for his genial and courte manners, uprightness and rebility of character. He died in 1869, and Was succe d by his son, the recently de- ceased Lord Gough, who, though for some time an officer in the Grenadier Guards and served in China, was for the most part a man of quiet and simple tastes and pur- suits. He spent a gr part of his time at Lough-Cutra Castl ng while there asa magistrate at the weekly sessions of the court at Gort. He had three sons, the eld- est of whom is the British attache and now Lerd Gough. Both ins! and outside the castle are to be seen memorials of the victories of the subduer of India. Perhaps the most in- teresting of these are two Sikh guns, which he captured in his last battle with the Sikhs. The guns stand in the hall close to the large windows either side of the main door of the tle. On the walls of the hall and in the library, the Gough coat of arms forms the design for the wall pa- per. In the coat of arms the names of nary of the battles in which Lord Gough Was the hero appear. The Round Tower. The castle throughout is richly furnished in the manner of the modern British castle. On a former visit, in 1879, to this beautiful residence, the room that especially inter- ested its visitors was a small, simply fur- nished boy’s room. It was,’ the servitor who conveyed them over the house d, with tears in her eyes, the room of young Hugh Rudolph Gough, who had a few months previously been killed in the Zulu war in South Africa, in which at the same time the Prince Imperial lost his life. The three magnificent entrances to gh-Cutra are uniform in style, and the vy-bedecked lodges that stand guard over the fron gateways are built In the same form of architecture as the castle. Although the laying out and arranging of the grounds of the Lough-Cutra domain of 8,000 acres show care and excellent taste, it is for its great natural beauty that it is most admired, and was chosen by Lord Gough as a home, and the aim in the ar- rangement of the grounds has been to pre- serve as much as possible the original &randeur of the scenery about the place. One of the most curious freaks of nature, in the form of a semi-subterranean stream, called the Gort river, which plays a conti ual game of hide and seek and does its share to the beautifying of the estate and surrounding country, takes its rise in the lake at Lough-Cutra. It proceeds natural- ly along {ts surface course for a mile or two through the estate, when it suddenly decides on a downward career, and with a wild whirl in the center of a circular bed that it has for itself, named the Punch Bowl, it disappears into the ground and is not seen nor heard again for perhaps a quarter of a mile, when it appears and dis- @ppears again at once into the ground, forming a deep, dark pool, called the Black Water. Again, about half a mile farther on, it comes to the surface, and, flowing along peaceably for two or three miles, bounding on its way one side of the town of Gort, where it does the duty of a calm, useful village stream, it again plunges into the ground to reappear at some distance on, and in and out again in this fitful man- ner, in one place plunging into the side of a hill and coming out at the other side, un- til it finally disappears into the ground to flow no one knows where. The country surrounding the Gough es- tate in this part of Ireland is very pic- turesque and. has bits of natural scenery that for pure sylvan beauty it would seem impossible to find surpassed anywhere. It is rich, besides, in curious and interesting relics of the past. The most notable mem- orial of the early ages in this neighbor- hood is the round tower of Kilmacduagh, with its circle of the ruins of seven churches surrounding it. The real use of the round towers of Ireland has never been found out, but the received opinion now is that they were employed as places of refuge to which the m 3 retreated with the riches of the churches when ma- rauding Danes or other piratical invaders came in pursuit of spoil. - It is supposed that the different surround- ing parishes each had its separate church here, but all used the one tower of defense against the common enemy. The tower of Kilmacduagh is the largest of the round towers in Ireland, and is in the most per- fect state of preservation of any. Its con- structicn ts on the same general plan as the cthers throughout the country. It is a cylindrical tower of massive stonework, about 150 feet high and 60 feet thick at the base, and tapers to the top, where it is sur- mounted by a conical cap of masonry. For about thirty feet up from the ground the tower is a solid mass of stonework. At this height is the entrance to the first story. The decor is arched and just wide enough to admit one person at a time. This story, as well as the second and third, is shted by only one very narrow aperture. The fourth or top story has, however, six windows, from which a complete view of the surrounding country could be had. One very peculiar feature of this particu- lar tower is that it leans at least seventeen feet off the perpendicular. The churches surrounding the round tower of Kilmacduagh have long been in ruins, but the consecrated ground is still used as a burying place, and many modern gravestones and up among the numerous sunken oges, with their mostly indecipher- able Latin inscriptions, that are to be seen everywhere about, both inside and outside of the churches, et LIKE THEIR MOTHER. Secretary Morton Wins the Admira- tion of Mrs. Wm. R. Morrison. Secretary Morton has a profound and abiding faith in his four boys. One cannot compliment the Secretary more to his taste than by complimenting his sons, and a good word as to them will go further to win Secretary Morton’s favor than anything that can be said of him. At the mere men- tion of one of his boys his eye will light up, an expression of pleasure will illu- mine his face, and whatever he may be doing will at once be suspended to permit him to listen. All this is thrown out to be of use to people who have favors to ask of Secretary Morton. The other day, as a writer for The Star was told, Col. Wm. R. Morrison, who had just returned from a month's trip through the west, where tke interstate commerce commission had been trying various cases, met the rugged Sec- retary of Agriculture. “By the way, Morton,” remarked Col. Morrison, “I met a couple of your boys while I was away.” “Did you?” said Secretary Morton, with an air of great delight. “Yes,” replied Col. Morrison, “I met one at Denver, where we were trying a railroad jacase, and the other one I saw in Kansas City, where he, like the boy in Denver, was a witness before our commission. I Want to tell you, your boys have got brains and courage. They've not only got the brains and courage of their business, but they've got the courage to teil the truth when it is against them. I never heard clearer testimony than they gave. They knew what they were talking about, and everything they said was as clear and lucid as a spring.” res,” assented Secretary Morton, with an air of great satisfaction, “my boys have @ great deal mere sense than their daddy. They know enough to tend to their busi- ness and keep out of politics.” VhensI was listening to those boys tes- tify,” went on Col. Morrison, “it occurred to me that you must be really a very wise, strong man to have such sons. I credited you with their intelligence, and took it to be much in your favor to have two such boys.”” “That's where you fall into error, col- onel,” remarked Secretary Morton, smiling; and, between you me, I'll let you into a se- | eret. Those boys take after their mother.” “What a nice thing to say,” remarked Mrs. Morrison when the colonel told her about it. —_—.—_—_. Was Dead in His Berth. From the Chicago Mail. “The most remarkable exhibition of nerve I ever saw,” said C. A. Rodney, general agent of the Vandalia, “occurred on a Pennsylvania train. I was going east, and in the same car with me.were a woman and her husband who were traveling from the west to New York. The first morning out the woman got out of her berth and told the porter that her husband desired to sleep, as he w7s not feeling well. “All that day the man remained in his bed, while his wife read the papers, played cards and acted just the same as the other passengers. In the evening the porter in- sisted on making up the berth, and, pulling back the curtains, he was horrified to find that the man was dead. It was demon- strated that he had died some time during the previous night. The woman knew it, but explained that she did not give the alarm becanse she was very anxious to reach her destination, and she was afraid that if the conductor knew her husband was dead she would have to leave the train. “All that day she rode, knowing that her husband was a corpse a few feet distant from her, and yet she never betrayed the fact, and if the porter had not insisted on changing the bed it is likely that she would have reached New York before the death of her husband was discovered. The corpse was taken from the train near Pittsburg. I have heard of nerve, but that beat any- thing that ever came to my knowledge.” o—______ Deadly Statistics, From the American Practitioner. A distinguished specialist has carefully noted the difference between twelve fam- ilies of drinkers and twelve familles of temperate persons during twelve years, with the result that he found that the twelve drinking families produced ia those years fifty-seven children, while the tem- perate ones were accountable for sixty-one. Of the drinkers twenty-five children died in the first week of life, as against six on the other side. The latter deaths were from weakness, while the former were at- tributable to weakness, convulsive attacks, or oedema of the brain and membranes. To this cheerful record is added five who were idiots; five were so stunted in growth as really to be dwarfs; five when older be- came epileptics; one, a boy, had grave chorea ending in idiocy; five more were dis- easel and deformed, and two of the ep!- leptics became by ‘Inheritance drinkers. Ten only of the fifty-seven showed during life normal disposition and development of body end mind. Fifty of the children of the temperate families were normal in every way. LT aa A STRIKING CAREER Gossipy Details About the Inventor of the Brush Electric Light. FRANK CARPENTER VISITS HIS HOME What Mr. Brush Thinks of the} Future of Electrical Inventions. THE PATENT OFFICE ——— (Copyrighted, 1895, by Frank G. Carpenter.) HAT, MAN, IS THE light of the future! “That is electric- ity! “I am going to light the world with att’ These were the words of a big, bro ad - shouldered young fellow of twenty-eight. They were uttered about eighteen years ago to an old man who stood in front of a shop on one of the side streets of the city of Cleveland, and looked with wonder on a glass globe in which blazed a ball of fire, upheld, as it were, be- tween two black carbons the size of your little finger. This old man was A. C. Bald- win of Tiffin, generally known throughout northern Ohio as old Uncle Baldwin, and noted for his great common sense and shrewd business ability. He had made a fortune out of manufacturing churns, and he was now passing through Cleveland on his way to visit one of his relatives there. He had left the depot and was walking through the streets. It was in the early evening, and the gas lamps cast their flick- ering rays upon the pavement. In one spot, however, there was a glare of light which Chartes Francis Brush, came from this ball of fire in the glass glove. It was before the days of electric lighting, and old Uncle Baldwin stopped and gazed at it in open-mouthed wonder. As he did so this big, broad-shouldered young man came to the door. His brawny arms were bare to the elbow. A leathern apron covered his chest and fell to his knees. His hands were blackenal and his face was smudged with dirt. But his eye was bright, and athletic form was the personification of vigor and force. As Unci Baldwin saw him he said: “That is a wonderful light. I don’t un- derstand it. What is it? There is no pipe for gas! Where is the wick and where is the cil? Say, what Is !t, anyhow?” Then came the reply: “That is the light of the future. That Is electricity! I am going to light the world with | ‘The old man, for a very sharp old man he was, became interested ut once. He in- quired how the lght was produced. He asked many questions as to its cost, and before he left he had told the young man that he would take $500 worth of stock in his company, which had been organized to push the invention. He rather hugged himself over his investment, as he left the young man and his ball of fire, and when a haJf hour later he found himself in the home of his friends surrounded by some of the most prominent people of Cleveland, he could not rest until he had told of the wonder he had seen and of the stock which he had secured. As he spoke the crowd burst into laughter, and Uncle Baldwin's relative, then and now one of the mest influeptial men of Cleveland, said: “Well! well! well! And so you have been taken In by that young fellow Brush and his crazy ideas about electricity. I have had dozens of chances to buy his stock, but I wouldn’t give a cent for a thousand shares. Why, uncle, the man is crazy. His ideas are impracticable and impossible cf execution, and you might as well put your $500 Into Lake Erie as to give it to him.” And so the Cleveland man went on. He cited the noted capitalists of Cleveland who would have nothing to do with Brush’s invention, and he finally persuaded pus Baldwin that he had made a mis- take. The result was he withdrew his offer. As he came to the door the young man looked up from his bench and said: “I suppose you have come to back out of your proposition as to that stock. That ts the way they ail do. But I tell you you are making a great mistake and you are losing a fortune.” The Millions in Electricity. It was not many years before Uncle Baldwin realized how great a fortune he had Ipst. Within twelve months after his refusal the name of Charles F. Brush, the great Cleveland electrician, was on every one’s tongue. His light had been shown at the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia. It had surprised the scientists of the world in the great electrical exposition at Paris and the French government had decorated him a chevalier of the Legion of Honor for his achivement. A great company had, been organized to operate his inventions. The Brush stock had doubled and quadru- pled@ over and over again until Uncle Baid- win’s $500 worth was of more value than all the savings and speculations of his life time. The prophecy of the young man had been fulfilled. His Nght of the future had become the light of the present and today he has lighted the world with it. The streets of the biggest cities of every con- tinent blaze at midnight through the genius of Charles F. Brush. I have stood under his arc Lights in Tokio and Osaka, Japan. I have seen them cast their shad- ows over the pig-tatled Chinamen of Shang- hai and Hong Kong, and I have threaded my way through some of the streets of Calcutta, Cairo and Constantinople by the Brush light of electricity. The same light illuminates the big cities of South America and Australia, and Europe and the United States have turned night into day through the genius of this man. His inventions in electric lighting alone are held by many companies the world over, are now repre- sented by an aggregate capital of $500, 000,000, and his inventions in other elect: cal lines have created a capital of many miliions more. There are today more than $1,000,000,000 invested in electrical indus- tries outside of the telegraph and _ tele- phone and the electric railways of the world have assets amounting to more than $60,000,000. Mr. Brush is the inventor of the storage battery, and all electric roads which are run in this way pay him a roy- alty. He received half a million dollars in a single sale of some patents in London, and the rubbing of his electric lamp has caused the genil cf electricity to bring him a greater fortune than that represented by the wildest dreams of Aladdin. The poor young man {Is poor no more. The capital- ists of Cleveland no longer talk about his crazy ideas of electricity. He lives among them, one cf the greatest capitalists of them all. His genius has made his city noted and the great eletric light company, which he founded, gives employment to hunaireds of families and its influence reaches to the ends of the earth. Mr. Brush’s Euclid Avenue Palace. Still, with all this the world knows but Uttle about Charles F. Brush. With all his genius he 1s modest in the extreme. He early adopted the policy of keeping out of print. I do not know of a single interview which he has hitherto given to the public. He has contributed little to the scientific journals, and the world knows him only through his work. It has no idea of the man, and there are few who appreciate his wonderful character and the wide ex- tent of his achievements. I spent an even- ing with him not long since at his big man- sion on Euclid avenue. He has one of the finest houses in the United States, and one of the most comfortable homes. It is lo- cated in the best part of Euclid avenue, which is, you know, one of the finest streets in the world, and it is surrounded by seven acres of magnificent lawn, where the land is so valuable you have to carpet it with greenbacks to buy it. Looking into the grounds from the street makes you think of one of the old English estates. Immense forest trees shade the velvety green and a winding walk leads through these up to the house. This is a massive structure of Berea sandstone, the whole front of which is covered with carvings, save where, here and there, magnificent windows of stained glass show out. It is an immense building of three stories, with many turrets and towers. Heavy stone columns uphold the wide portico in the front, and easy stone steps lead you to the wide front door. The portico is lighted by an opalescent globe which hangs over you as you pass in, and the mahogany-walled vestibule contains another diamond globe, whose rays bring out the contrast between the polished wood of San Domingo and the mosaic floor of a Roman pattern, which might have been transplanted from the famed baths of Cara- calla at Rome. As you look into the rooms beyond you note that, though it is night, everything is as bright as day. Mr. Brush has not invented the electric light to live in darkness, and his house is perhaps the best lighted palace in the world, and there is certainly no other which is lighted in suca a curious way. It ts provided with nearly 400 incandescent and a number of arc lights, and the electricity for these is fur- nished by storage batteries. The Windmill and Its Dynamo. There are, so he told me, ten tons of storage batteries in the house, and the power which charges these with electricity is an enormous windmill which he has erected in the rear. Every breeze that blows produces light for this house, and the batteries are so large that if there snould be a dead calm for a whole week they would still contain enough electricity to run all the lights. The windmill itself is in large part the invention of Mr. Brush. It is the biggest wjndmill in the world, and it is operatcd by a wheel which has a sail surface of about 1,8C0 square feet. The tower of this windmill is as high as a six- story house. It is set in heavy masonry, and so made that it can turn with every wind that blows. Within it there is an enormous dynamo, connected with the tower by a system of belts and pulleys, and the whole machine is so automatic in its make-up that it needs only a little oil now and then to keep it perpetually at motion with the wind. It has been in operation now for more than seven years, but it 1s so made that it works as well as when it was built. It produces enough electricity to charge the hundreds of cells of these ten tons.of storage batteries, and it furnishes the light for the house and gives power to run the machinery of Mr. Brush’s laboratory, which is located in the basement. It costs him, Mr. Brush told me, much more than if he used the electric light furnished by the city, but he prefers to be independent, and the machinery is a pet invention of his own. New Features in Electric Lighting. The arrangement of the electric lights in the house is after the plan of Mr. Brush and his wife. Some of the rooms are lighted from the ceitings. Others have lights so shaded by opaléscent globes and reflectors that only thé"softest rays sur- round you, and of the thagnificent paint- inge which cover the Walls, each has an electric flame in front’ of It, so covered by a green reflector that you do not sce it and you know of its existence oniy through the rays which,are thrown back by the work cf art behind. In the top of the building there is,a great hall in which Mr. Brush has one of the finest magic lanterns in existence and this he operates through an elegtric light of three thousand candle power. ‘The average cal- cium light, or that produced by oxygen- rogen gas for magie Jantern use is, he tells me, 500 candle power. His electric light for this purpose is six times as strong and he his a dissolving: apparatus of his own invention in which all his slides are registered. During my_ talk with him he referred to the wonderful work which the Japanese have been doing in coloring lan- tern slides, having seen some which I used in a lecture recently delivered in Cleve- land on Japan, and I told him I could give him an address where he could get his slides colored. He replied, “I do not want any one else to color my slides. I would prefer to,coler them myself and I hope to have time to experiment in this way later on. I think there might be as much art shown in coloring slides as in painting pictures, and the artistic effects of the best lantern work are yet to come.” Charles F. Brush in 1895. But before I “give you our conversation let me tell you how Mr. Brush looks. I met him in cne of the large parlors on the ground floor of his house. He Is a physical giant, but so well proportioned that his form commands your admiration. When Gambetta saw him at the Paris exposition of 18S1, he said: “I don’t know which to admire most in Mr. Brush, his mental attainments or his magnificent phy- sique.” Mr. Brush is about six feet two in his stockings. He is broad-shouldered and big-boned. His head is large, and it is fastened to his frame by a strong, well- shaped neck. He stands straight, with his shoulders well thrown back, and his chest is deep and full. He has a dark complex- fon and dark eyes, which show out from under heavy brows. His forehead is high and full, his mouth strong and character- istic, and his under jaw firm and indica- tive of strength. He is now forty-six years of age, and is in his intellectual and phys- ical prime. He retired from active bus!- ness several years ago, and at that time expected to devote five days out of every week to his laboratory work and one to his business. The demands of his large property, however, are so great that he has almost reversed the order and is now devoting about five days to business and one to his laboratory. He is working to get away from business, and he hopes in the future to devote more of his time to scientific investigation and experiment. The day of his laboring hard for the dollar has long since gone by and while his good business brains will lead him to get all the money possible out of his future inventions, still his work will be more that of scientific experiment than money grub- bing for new patents. A Boy Inventor. During my telk with him I asked him a number of questions about himself and his first experiments in the field of inven- tion. He has been an experimenter all his Ufe. His father was a farmer, who lived near Cleveland, and he gave his boy a good education. He showed a wonderful aptitude fer chemistry, physics and engi- neering. Said he to me the other night “I can't remember when I was not inter ested in physics. I began to study them when I was about twelve years old, long before I had reached them in my course of studies at school. “ft was always experimenting with some thing, and while I was fn the High School in Cleveland I made microscopes and telescopes, grinding the fenses and turning out some very fair instruments. His First Electric Machine. “When did you first become interested in electricity? “I can’t tell when I>was not,” replied Mr. Brush. “When I was thirteen years old I had made a frictional machine to gen- erate electricity. It was;made out of a bottle, and I had it so fixed that I could charge a Leyden jar with ij. I wish I had it today. I don’t know fwhat became cf it. ‘About this time I madé Some electro-mag. nets and had an electric battery or so. This was before I was in the High School, and I suppose my interest in electricity could be said to date as far back as the age of twelve.” “Had you any {dea when you were a boy that you would be in inventor, and did you ever think at that time of being cble to make money out of your inventions?” “Yes,” replied Mr. Brush, “I did. While I was in the High School I got up a plan for turning the gas off and on at the street lamps and of lighting it by electricity. The whole was to be done with an electrical machine, and it w3s to dispense with the lamplighters. I thought for a time that I might make some money out of it, but, though it might operate today, at that time it was hardly commercially’ practical, and I gave it up. Prophesies Electric Light. “What was your next electrical experi- ment?” ~ ‘“T can’t say as to that, Brush. “I was alway3 working at elec- tricity. I read all that I could find, and I watched the reports of experiments as they replied Mr. were given in the newspapers. While I was still in the high school I produced an electric arc light, with a lamp and a bat- tery of my own construction, and when I graduated from there it was a curious thing that my oration was on electric lighting, and I prophesied that electric lighting would be the light of the world, and that it would be generated by means of dynamos. “Have you a copy of that oration?” I asked. “I don’t know,” replied Mr. Brush. “I have looked for it, but I can’t find it. You see, I delivered it twenty-eight years ago, and that is a long ume. “Where did you go to school after that?” “I went te Ann Arbor to the University of Michigan, and graduated there with the degree of mining engineer in 186). I then came back to veland and established a laboratory here, doing the work of an analytical chemist, but still experimenting on electricity. I kept working on my dyna- mo and the electric light, but it was more as a toy and to amuse myself than with any idea of accomplishing anything of a commercial value. The Series Arc Licht. “When did you first appreciate that your electric light might have a eommercial value “I think it was about 1876,” replied Mr. Brush. “It was at this time that I com- pleted my first dynamo-electric machine. I showed this at Philadelphia the next year at the Franklin Institute, and it is a curious thing that Mr. Thompson and Mr. Houston, afterward of the Thompson-Hous- ton electric system were present at the time. The first arc-lighting machines had to have one dynamo to each light. My in- vention was the first that proposed a series of are lights working from one dynamo, and it was upon this that all the street lighting and all the are-lighting systems of the present are based. We first made two-light machines. Then we ran four lamps from a single dynamo, and this was considered a wonderful achievement. We soon had ten lights in a series. Then we found we could run sixteen, and it was not long before forty lights were supplied by one dynamo. At the present there are a number of dynamos which supply 120 are lights, and, though the electric current requisite for such a result is immense, the sefeguards placed about the machinery are such tkat they are no more dangerous than a much less number of lights was in the past with the old machinery. It was in 1878 that I invented this, the modern series are lamp with the shunt coil. This was the invention that reaily made are lighting practicable and commercially possible.” “Where was it first used?” T asked. “Some were first used for the lighting of stores and shops, and among those first to introduce the are light was John Wana- maker of Philadelphia. One of the first in- st@nces of street lighting was here in Cleveland. We put up twelve lights in the park and the pecple came out in force to see them the first night. They had no .dea of what the electric light was, and many of them wore smoked glasses for fear that they might be blinded by its rays. - ‘The street lighting soon spread, and our lights are now to be found, as you know, in nearly every great city of the world.” Electricity Directly From Coal. “Is there not a great loss in the produc- tion of electricity from coal for electric lights? “Yes,” replied Mr. Brush. “We only get about 10 per cent of the force from the coal in the production of electricity, but this is in the production of the mechanical energy. In the conversion of the mechani- cal energy into electrical energy by means of the dynamo only from 5 to 10 per cent is lost, and the modern dynamo is probably the most perfect machine that the world has ever produced.” ee we ever get electricity directly from “I think so,” replied Mr. Brush. “In fact, I have already gotten it, but not in such a Way as to make the invention commercially profitable. It is now twenty years since I succeeded in getting electricity directly from coal. It was in 1 I used carbon 4. as the combustible element in a voltaic battery, the electrolyte being a fused salt, or oxide, capable of fusing the oxygen for the combustion of the carbon. I tried fused caustic soda, bicarbonate of potash and oxide of lead and got a good electric cur- rent in each case. I have not pursued my experiments in this line of work because T thought T saw other lines which promised better and more immediate results. The fields of invention are vast. We stand just on the threshold, and there will be new in- ventions as long as man has mind to cre- ate and the will to investigate the great forces of nature and the il their combination.” Posstpities or The Possibility of New Inventions, “Do you anticipate many new inventions in electricity in the future?’* “Who can tell?” was the reply. “The electric force is still to a large extent a secret from us all. Of late years there have been few new fundamental inventions in electric lighting. There have been many improvements and modifications of the old ones. The light is steadily being made bet- ter, but it Is the =ame light, just as, for instance, we have had locomotives drawing trains ever since we were born, but the locomotive of today is a far different ma- chine from that of forty years ago, Still it embodies the same fundamental prin- ciples.” “Where is the chief work being done in electricity today?” “It is in the field of thermo-clectricity or heat electricity, It is new thought, you know, that all light and heat are produced by electrical force, and it is In these —— that the best work is now being lone.”” Patents and How Brush Protects Them. “How about patents, Mr. Brush. I once had an interview with Mr. Thomas Edison in which he sa!d that he had spent $600,- 000 in defending his inventions, but that he had not had one minute's protection. You have had considerable experience with the patent office. Does Uncle Sam run his business on the square?” Tacle Sam may be all right,” was the “I have ro doubt that the heads of the patent office are honest, but I have had a number of experiences which lead me to believe that the subordinates sometimes allow important information, to leak out. T have applied for patents again and again, only to find interferences filed before they were granted, and it is only through my great care in’ keeping records of my work that I have been able to secure a number of my inventions, Take the arc light. While I was working upon it and attempting to make it commercially profitable I kept a very full journal of all my experiments. I recorded everything from day to day, and datcd it and had witnesses called in to sign the records. This I found of immense value to me in my patent suits. I had two hun- dred of them, and gained all except one. This I did not care to win, as there was little in it, and T practically let it go by default. I'am very sorry now that I did so, as it broke the record.”” The Storage Battery. “How about the storage battery?” “I had a great fight in the patent office ever it,” said Mr. Brush. “The invention was fought over for four years in the United States courts, and it was finally decided in my favor. I was working on the storage battery and had completed my experiments at the time that Faure in- vented his storage battery in Europe. As soon as I heard of it I filed patent appli- cations for everything I had in order to get my rights in America, before he could apply for American patents. In some way or other my patents were held back and Faure’s interferences kept me out of them for four years, but I finally conquered and showed that I was the first inventor. Now I get a royalty on all forms of stor- age batteries, and the storage battery of today Is founded on my invention. ‘ill storage batteries be the street car equipment of the future?” “I don’t know as to that,” replied Mr. Brush. “I doubt it. You cannot run cars so cheaply by them as the trolley. I should rather think it would be the underground trolley.” I next asked Mr. Brush as to his present experiments, but further than that he was working along scientific lines he preferred not to say. He is a man of great intel- lectual activity, and his chief pleasure is in his work. During our talk he told me he thougat the greatest enjoyment a man could have came with the moment of mak- ing some new discovery in science or me- chanics, and there is no doubt but that his experiments will be continued to the end of his life. He has done wonders in the past. What will he not do in the future! FRANK G. CARPENTER. plied Grand Stand Pleasantries. From the Philadelphia Record. E Young lady on the grand stand—“The umpire called a foul, but I don’t even see a feather.” Her escort—“But you must remember that this is a picked nine,” rinsed irntetnteioeentnteateteg it PRAISED BY THE PRESS. The Leading Dailies Investigate Munyon’s Remedies. And Declare They Cure 96 Out of Every 100 Persons. “From testimonials received and from facts gath- ered by a Times reporter, we find that out of every 400 wio have used Munyon’s Rheumatism Cure 96 have declared themselves cured or greatly benefited. There can now be no hesitaney in saying that Munyon’s Rheumatism Cure may ‘be termed a_post- tive cure for rheumatism. Philadelphia Times, May 14, 1803. “We know that thousands of people in our midst have been cursd by Munyon’s little sugar pellets.” —Boston Post. : ‘on's Itemedies act almost instantaneously, lily curing the most obstinate cases in a few Itimore American. ver 1,800 people have written us_ tha’ have been cured by Munyou's Remedies.” York Tress, a “Munyon’s Remedies are handy to carry, ant to tuke and absolutely harmless.""—Wat Post. Munyon’s Rheumatism Cure is guaranteed to cure rheumatism in any part of the body, Acute or muscular rheumatism cured in ‘om one to five gays. It never fails to cure sharp, shooting pains in the arms, legs, sides, back or ‘breast, or ‘sore ness in any part of the body, in from one to three tours, It is guaranteed to promptly cure lameness, stitf and swollen joints, stiff back and all pains in the hips and loins. C1 ric rheumatism, sciatica, lunbago or pain in the b are speedily cured. 's Homoeopathic Home Remedy Company delphia put up specities for nearly every eas- ington *, Which are sold by all druggists, mostly for ents a bottle. ‘Those who are in doubt as to the nature of their disease should address Professor Munyon, 1505. Arch street, Philadelphia, giving full symptoms of thelr disease. Professor’ Muryon will carefully diagnose the ease and give you the benefit of his advice absolutely free of all charge. The Remedies an be sent to any address on receipt of retail price. OUR EVERY-DAY PRICES. WE HAVE NO Special Day Sales. Paine’s Celery Comp Hocd's Sarsaparilla. Alleock’s German Poron 3 for. Chase's Caldor’s Dentine. Cuticura Soap. Cuticura Salve. Caticura Reso Lavender Smelling Sali Lilac Smelling Salts. Hunyadl Water. Syrup Figs Comp., 9 mild and Pleasant laxative Tron Ritters...... : Benson's Capeiae Plasters, Tc, as Miams” Rheumatic Pi: Fellows’ Comn. Syrup. Williams’ Comp. Syrup Hypo- osphites, the bext seline, large bottles. serine nde Vaseline White Dy > owder, plain ° Talcum Powder, carbolated.:. um Powder, borated....: Trlenm, Pawder, violet 4 Warner's Kidney and “Liver Cure “ s.288 Warner's Safe Pilt - 215 a Large Bottles Trine Extracts, best, all odors. cae Ps 's Witch Hazel Oil. Within) ttle ‘Liver Pitle,. Ray Rum, Imported, half ninis | é Sf Rav Rum: imported. one pints, | = Infants’ Tollet Powder, violet r tan: makes the skin smooth and soft. a + 28 Blackberry | Cordial,” for” sum= 27 20 7) 2s 70 20 BS ad or rose favor 10 Rh Fly's Cream Casimere Rouquet is ot Se ee 10 - Hando'tne, prevents: ani ig = z mer complaint. - = Goods Delivered. : Drug Store, ¢ F. S. Williams & Co. OPEN ALL NIGHT. WORLD'S FAIR HIGHEST AWARD, MIPERIAL GRANUNM UNIVERSALLY ACKNOWLEDGED The STANDARD} And the BEST Prepared KOOD For INVALIDS and ; Convalescents, for Dys- * peptic, Delicate, Infirm Sete SeeSoseadontenteateny mteegetin ts £ and Aged Persons. * PURE, delicious, nour= ishing FOOD for nurs= ing mothers, infants and CHILDREN. soa ty DRUGGISTS sueeics’ Shipping Depot, JOHN CARLE & SONS, New York. my18-s,tu&th,1y : Sessoeteestontonionientontonsontontontontentontonfontontontontectentontoags SOPOOOOCEOSOSOFOSOOOO>OOOOS $1f You Are Suffering from any frritating, disfiguring humor or ruption, such as Pimples, Blotches, Blackheads, Ring Worm, Tetter, Eczema, Salt Rheum, Prickly Heat ot Itching Piles, you can be speedily and per manently cured by using Foster’s German sArmy and Navy Cure. A positive remedy for all skin diseases, and insuring a bright, clear, healthy com- plexfon. 50 CENTS PER BOX AT DRUG STORES. ® $ Foster Medicine Co., Baltimore, Md. 42d12r-2 ee sosconteetonontetseete ae yet _—_—_—_—_—_$_—————————————_} RATLROADS. & _—_——< BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD. =< Schedule in effect June 8, 1895. 0° Leave Washington from station corner of New! Jersey avenue and C st. For Chicago aud Northwest, Vestivuled Limited trains, 11.30 a.m., 8.20 p.m. F For ‘Cincinnati, St. Louis und Indianapolis, V¢ tbuled Limited, 3.45 p.m., express, 12.u1 night. For Pittsburg ‘and Clevelind, express daily, 11.30 ” and 9.10 p.m. For Lexington and Staunton, 11.30 a.m. For Winchester and way stations, a5.20_ p.m. For Luray, Natural Bridge, Moau Kuoxvill Chattanooyas “Mempliis. aah New a. piu. daily;” sleeping ears through. Luray, 3.45 p.m. For Baltimore, week day 6.35, 37.0), 27.10, 28.00, x8.25, 10.00, 211.30 a.m., 0, x12.30, 1 3.25, ; x4.28, 4.31, 5.05, 5.10, 5.30, 5.35, 30.20, 6.30, Sooo oS, 29.00, 11-15, pan, ‘and: 312.01 “nights Sundays, x4.55," 7.0, 8.30, x9.00, x10. 0 and ‘3.30 _a.1n. and 4.28 pam. Sundiys, S.30 a.m., 4.31 p.in. For Frederick, b9.00, 49.30, all.30 aam., D1. 4.30 p.m. S, For Hagerstown, 011.30 a.m. ard 05.30 p.m. For Bord and way points, *9.40 pan x thersburg and way points, 25-00, ad.35, 45.85, Junction and way points, b9.00, p.m. Express teains stopping: cipal Stations only, 24.30, @5.30 p.m. kor, Bay, Midge, weak, da _ ndays, 9.35 a.in., Pm. ‘ KUYAL BLUS TINE FOR NEW YORK AND | PHILADELPHIA. All treins illutaated with Piptsch light. For Philadelphia, New York, Boston and tha Evst, week days (4.55 Diniug Car), (7.00 Car), 8.00, (10.00 a.m. $r5: Car), 11.30 Dining Car), 3.00, (5.05. Dining Car), $.00 (2.01 night, ing Car, open at 10.00 Sundays, (4.55 Dining Car), (7.00 Dining am. Dining Car), M Dinirg Car), 8.00, Ol night). Sleeping Car opem for passengers, 10.00. p.m. “4 Buffet Parlor Cars on all day trains. For Atlantic Ci 00 12.30 Oty 12.30 p.m. Sundays, 4.25’ a.m., 12.80 p "i For Cape May, week days, 4.55 a.m. ‘Dining Car), Union Transfer et offices, G19 Pennsylvania avew y York avenue and 15th street and at di B. CAMPBELL, HAS. 0. ‘SYLVANIA RAILROAD. r of 6th and B streets, fect June 9, 1895. Fe SYLVANIA 'LIMITED.—Puilman Sleeping, Dining, Smoking and Observation Cars Harrisburg to Chicago, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, St. Louis, Cleveland and Toledo. ‘Buffet Parlor # risburg to Pitts 3:40 P.M. CHIC. Pullman Buffet ing -and Dining Harrisburg to St. ‘ ti, Louisville’ and Chicago. WESTERN EXBRESS.—Pullman Sleeps nd Harrisburg to Clevela 0. A VESTERN EXPRESS.—Pullman’ and Dining Cars to St. Louis, and Sleep- Harrisburg to Cincinnati, ‘1 PACIFIC EXPRESS.—Puliman Sleeping M. for Kane, Canandaigua, Rochester, and ‘Niagara Falls daily, except Sunda: 4 ) A.M. for Elmira and Renovo, daily, For Williamsport daily, 3:49 for Willlamsport, Rochester, Falls daily, except Satarda: J “ P.M. except iM. ing Car Washington to Suspension’ Bridge via" alo, Bu : nandaigua, Rochester, Bufs 10:40 P.ML for Brie, ©: I fal ara Fulls daily, Sleeping Car Washe i ira. For Philadelphia, 4:00 P.M, “CONGRESSIONAL LIMITED. with Dining Car from Balt York daily, for Philadel 7:05 (Dining Car), 7 215, 4:30, 6:40, 10:00, at “Me delphia only, Fast Express 790 AML week-days. “Express, “2:01 and “5:40 P.M. daily. For Boston, ‘without change, 7:50 A.M. week-days, and P.M. daily. 00 Limited), 10:40, and 4 20 A.M. and 4:36 P.M, Gl For Annapolis, 7:20, 9 » 12:15 and 4:20. fexcept Sunday. Sindays, 9:00 AM! Line. Express for Richmond, Jack! P. For Pope's Creck Line, daily, except Sunday. sonville and Tampa, 4:30 A.M., 3:30 P.M! dail Richmond and Atlanta, 8:40 M. daily. Riel mond only, 10:57 A.M. weekdays. "> q dation for Quantico, 7:49 A.M. daily, ang m0 P.M. week-days, 4:25, 6:06, { 10:10, and |. On Sunday at | 45, 9:45 ALM. 5, 6:15, 8:02, and 10:10) for Washington, 6:05, $:43, 10:15, 10:25 A.M., 5:30, 6:13, 7:00, P.M. On Sunday at 6:43, 9:10, 10 SEASHORE CO: For Atlantic City, NECTIONS. 9:00 (Saturdays ), 103 11:00 AM, 12:15 PM. week-days, and 11:35 =| For Cupe May, 10:00 (Saturdays only), 11:00 A.M! Week-days, and 11:35 P.M. daily. Ticket offices, northeast corner of 18th street and Pennsylvania avenue, and at the station, Gch and B streets, where orders can be left for the checks | ing of baggage to destination from hotels and ress | idences, J, R. woop, 8. M. PREVOST, > jeQcneral Manager. General Passenger Agent. ") 44 SOUTHERN RAILWA (Piedmont Air Line.) Schedule in effect May 19, 1895. F: All trains arrive and leave at Pennsylvania Passenger Station. = 8:00 A.M.—Daily—Local for Danville. Manassas for Strasburg, daily, except at Lyuchburg with the Norfcl tern daily, and with C. & 0, daily for Natural Bridge and Clifton Forge. -* 11:15 A.M.—Deily—The UNITED STATES FAST MAIL carries Pullman Buffet Sleepers New York and Washington to Jacksonville, uniting at Chars lotte with Pullman Sleeper for Augusta; also Palle man Sleeper New York to Montgomery, with cone nection for New Orleans; connects at Atlanta with Connects af day, al Pullman Sleeper for Birmingham, Memphis aod St. gaol P-M-—Local for Strasburg, dati, except Sum< lay. WASHINGTON AND ULED LIMITED, . via Sallge New York to Mem- ‘ew York to New Orleans via and New York to Tampa and Jacksonville. Day, to Jacksonville. Parlor Car Co- Dining Car from Greensboro’ TRAINS BETWEEN WASHINGTON AND ROUND HILL leave Washington 9:01 A.M. daily, M. and 4:39 P.M. daily, —— Sunda; M. Sundays only, for Round Hill, pt Sunday for Leesburg; Returning, arrive P Atlanta and Montgome via Charlotte, Coach Washingt Jumbia to Augusta. to Montgome ‘pt Sunday from Round till, 8: cept Sunday from Leesburg and except Sunday, from Herndon only. Through trains from the south arrive at Washing ton 6:42 A.M., 2:20 P.M. and §:30 P.M. daily. Manassas Division, 9:45 A.M. daily, except Sunday, and 8:40 A.M. daily from Charlottesville. Tickets, Sleeping Car reservation and information furnished at offices, 511 and 1300 Pennsylvania and at Pennsylvania Railroad Passenger Sta- W, H, GREEN, General Superintendent. J.M. CULP, “Trafic Manager. W. A. TURK, General Passenger Agent. my20 L. 8.’ Brown, Gen. Agt. Pass. Dept. CHESAPEAKE AND OHIO RAILWAY. Schedule in effect March 4, 1895. Trains leave daily from Union Station (B. and P.), 6th and B sts. ‘Through the grandest scenery in Ameri handsomest and most complete solid tr west from Washington. |. DAILY. "Solid Vestibaled, lighted, Steam-heated peipnati and Pullma: sleeping cars Washington to nati, Indianspo- Tis and St. Louis without change, ‘Dining Car from Washington. Arrive Cincinnati, apolis, 11:40 a.m., and Chicago, yy a DAILY.—The famous “F. F. V. tibuled train, with diving re for Cincinuati, Lexinzton, and Louisville, without change. T ash on to Virginia Hot without change, day | Guservatlon car from Hinton. Arrive Cincinnatt, Tee %.m.; connects iB DAY.—For Old Point ae x y rail Tine, 25. PM. DAILY. ss for Gordonsville, Jottesville, Waynesboro’, Staunton and princi 1 Virginta points, daily; for Richmond, d e cept Sunday. * “Puiman locations and tickets at company’s of- ifort 2OSOD 9090900000 Gray Hair A thing of the past when Nattans Crystal Dis- covery is used. Guaranteed to restore gray or faded hair to its natural color in 3 to 10 days— positively not a dye. Stops the hair from falling out, arrests dandruff and makes the nicest dressing for’ the batr one can use. No poison. No sedi- ment. No stains. Price, $1. Trial size, 0c. KOLB PHARMACY, SOLE AGENTS, 483° 7TH ST. N.W. Sent, express prepaid, to any part of the country on receipt of price. Ja2é-tt ing. All sorts cf cleaning and dyeing at lowést § For Cleaning Men’s I Suits Instead of $1.50 **¢¢ —as formerly. We drop 50c. for the next consistent pices. “WEEATLEY,” 1038 Jeff. st., Georgetown, jel2-12a z nincty days to get you better acquainted with our’ unsurpassed way of cl 21 Pennsylvania aver fices, 513 and 1 H. W. FULLE! mh4 General Passeng: ere MEDICAL. ™N EE TIL CURED. Dr. Czarra. 02 F ST. Washington, D.C. Treats all chronle, nctyous and Vood diseases, globalism and opium habit, SPECIALTY—Kid- hey end Bladder ‘Trouble, Piles, Fistula, Strie- ture, &e. Special diseases positively and per- minently cured; vitality restored. Cousultation free. Office hours: 9 to 12 a.m. to S$ p.-m.; Sundays, 4 to7 Ww. 2 to 5:30 p.m., 6:30 FAIL CO? SULT THE OLD Dr. Brothers, #06 B si x of all ULCERS, BLOOD without use of knife; ref rharge for consulta GEORGE LILLEY, Specialist, ‘ Office and liesidence, 353 B s.w. poison,