Evening Star Newspaper, June 1, 1895, Page 15

THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY; JUNE 1, 1895—-TWENTY PAGES. CONTRASTS OF TIME As Noted in the Appearance of Some Public Men. HEMBERS OF THE 420 CONGRESS As They Looked Then, as They Are Seen Now. IT WAS A NOTABLE BODY HE OLD-TIME RE- publicans of Ohio who saw John Sher- man, Charles Foszer, Hezekiah Bundy’and Charles Grosvenor on the stage at Zanes- ville the other day must have reflected that the “tooth. of time” does make its mark, even upon men whose con- sciences are as clear as that of the ad age Ohio statesman. It is almost a quarter of a century since Foster and Shermaa, along with Allen G. Thurman and Samuel Shellabarger of Ohio; Wm. §. Holman, Jeremiah Wilson and Danl>W. Voorhees of Indiana; Carl Schurz of Missouri, Wm. M. Stewart of Nevada, Justin S. Morrill of Vermont, William P. Frye of Maine, Thomas F. Bayard of Delaware and Mat- thew W. Ransom of North Carolina were members of the Forty-second Congress, That was the Congress which enacted the “crime of 1373,” as the silver people put it; alse the “salary grab” Congress. Out of the 327 members of that Congress there are but a handful left in public ilfe today. Most of them have become leaders among men, however. There are, perhaps, a dozen left who are prominent in the mind's eye of the public, and it is a little interesting that the Ohio contingent should have come ‘to the front at this -listance from the date when they sat together in the halls of legislation. As thai was a distinguished Congress, and as the few of its members left in pub- lic life are well known to the people, it may interest the readers of The Star to see what changes have occurred in the per- sonal appearance of some of them. The portraits given show what their appear- ance was at that time and is now. Of the entire number, there are perhaps none who ‘have altered more than Senator Shermap. Not that he has grown old more Senator Sherman. rapidly than would be quite natural in that length of time, but the cut of his beard has made a remarkable change. It will be seen that he then wore his beard in a style which is seldom seen at the present day, though quite fashionable a quarter of a century ago and extremely becoming to certain men. The years since that time have been periods of hard work to Mr. Sherman. He {s indeed a constant worker. Callers at his beautiful residence, even since the adjournment of Congress, were told day after day that the Senator was at work in his library and could not be disturbed. His library is one of the finest collections of works of a political nature in the city. He is just rounding out his for- tleth year in national affairs, for he came to the Thirty-fourth Congress as a Rep- resentative from Ohio, since which time it may be said that “There never was a minute, That Sherman wasn't in it,” having been continuously Representative, Senator, cabinet officer and Senator again. Another man who has very much changed in persona! appearance is Senator Stewart. Senator Stewart. The transformation in hts case is from dark hair and beard to the whitest hair and long- est beard that any St. Nicholas ever dared sport. Who would hxve thought, in gazing upon full sandy beard of Stewart of those days,that he would be the benevolent- locking Santa Claus of the Senate that we see him today? Life has not been @ constant bed of roses for Stew- art since he sat in the Forty-second Con- gress. He has had “his ups and his downs.” He dropped out of the Senate in 1875, and came back in 1887. There is ancther dignified and beloved member of the Senate who sits close beside Senator Sherman, who ts able to exchange Teminiscences with “John” about the be- ginning of their congressional service forty Senator Morrill. years ago. His name is Justin Smith Mor- rill. His term of service began simulta- neously with that of Mr. Sherman. He has been cons: ly a member of Congress since March 4, 1855, while Mr. Sherman stepped over the way a few years to act as a mem- ber of the cabinet of President Hayes. A quarter of a century has made some- thing of a change in the personal appear- ance of Daniel Wolsey Voorhees of Indiana. Senator Voorhees, That straight, stiff brown hair and beard, almost black, have been at last compelled to yield, somewhat, to the touch of time. Is it not possible, too, that the remem- brance that he wes a member of that fate- ful Congress which eliminated the silver dollar from the standard coinage of the country has worn upon the mind of this forceful friend of the white metal? Mr. Voorhees, however, will celebrate his sixty- eighth birthday on the 26th of next Sep- tember, and fs entitled to at least a few gray hairs. Twenty-five years of “objections have told on that famous member of the Forty- gecond and several preceling Congresses— ‘William Steele Holman. Probably this is ue to the fact that on one or more occa- a@iong his objections were overridden by | were seen to smile the second thoughtless young Congresses, to which thirty-odd years of constant “objection” Fad become somewhat monotonous Be the cause what it may, Mr. Holnian of to- day is materially changed as compared with the days of the salary grab Congress, in which he made a consistent record of fight- ing the bill, moving to table it and demand- ing the yeas and nays, even when he couldn't get a corporal’s guard to support W. S. Holman. him, and moving in the next Congress to deduct the additional pay from the salary of the members “in equal monthly install- ments.” Holman has had a long season of fighting, and, it must be admitted, has changed materially since his plume led the hosts against the salary grab act in the Forty-second and Forty-third. It isn’t so very surprising, however, come to think it over, for he was born in 1822, and therefore will celebrate his seventy-third birthday on the 6th of September next. Perhaps one cause of his ill-success in “‘objecting’’ to the inroads of the great destroyer of youth and beauty is the fact that his darling ambition for a longest continuous service has been defeated, the neglectful Hossiers having three times omitted to return him prior to the historic defeat of last year. ——_— + e+______ THE FOREST STRANGLER. It Would Be Comparatively Harmless but for the Birds. From the Guiana Forest. Woe betide the forest giant when he falls into the clutches of the clusia, or fig. Its seeds, being provided with a pulp which is very pleasant to the taste of a great number of birds, are carried from tree to tree and deposited on the branches. Here it germinates, the leafy stem rising up- ward and the roots flowing, as it were, down the trunk until they reach the soil. At first these aerial roots are soft and deli- cate, with apparently no more power for evil than so many streams of pitch, which they resemble in their slowly flowing mo- tion downward. Here and there they branch, especially if an obstruction is met with, when the stream either changes its course or divides to right and left. Meanwhile, leafy branches have been de- veloped, which push themselves through the canopy above 1d get into the light, where their growtrZis enormously acceler- ated. As this takes place the roots have generally reached the ground and begun to draw sustenance from below to strength- en the whoie plant. Then comes a wonder- tul development. The hitherto soft aerial roots begin to harden and spread wider and wider, throwing out side branches which flow into and amalgamgte with each other until the whole tree trunk is bound in a series of irregular living hoops. The strangler is now ready for its deadly work. The forest giant, like all exogéns, must have room to increase in girth, and here he is bound by cords which are strong- er thar iron bands. Like an athlete,- he tries to expand and burst his fetters, and if they were rigid he must succeed. * * * The bark bulges between every interlacing —bulges out, and even tries to overlap, but the monster has taken every precaution jeagainst this by making its bands very numerous and wide. As the tree becomes weaker its leaves begin to fall, and this gives more room for its foe. Soon the strangler expands itself into a great bush almost as large as the mass of branches and foliage it has ef- faced. * * * If we look carefully around us we see examples of entire obliteration— a clusia, or fig, standing on its reticulated hollow pillar, with only a heap. of brown humus at its base to show what has be- come of the trunk which once stood up in all its majesty on'that spot. ————+e+—_-____ AMONG TOY MAKERS. The Interesting Sights Seen in the Homes of St. Ulrich. Miss Amelia B. Edwards, in her Untrod- den Peaks, mentions many an interesting visit to the homes of the working people of St. Ulrich, where so many toys are made. “In one house,” runs the account, “we found an old, old woman at work, Mag- dalena Paldauf by name. She carved cats, dogs, wolves, sheep, goats and elephants. She has made these six animals her whole life lorg, and she has no idea of how to cut anything else. She makes them in two sizes; and she turns out as nearly as pos- sible a thousand of them a year. She has no model or drawing of any kind-to work by; but goes on steadily, unerringly, using gouges of different sizes, and shaping out | her cats, dogs, wolves, sheep, goats and elephants with an ease and an smount of truth to nature that w: be clever if it were not utterly mechanical. Magdalena Paldauf learned from her mother how to carve these anim, and her mother had learned, in like janner, from her grandmother. Magdalena has now taught the art to her own granddaughter, and so it will go on being transmitted for genera- tions.”" In another house Miss Edwards found the whole family carving skulls and cross- bones for fixing at the bases of crucifixes, for the wood carving of Grodner Thal ts religious in its nature as well as amusing. In other houses there were families that carved rocking horses or dolis or other toys, and in still other houses there were families of painters. “In one house we found about a dozen girls painting gray horses with black points. In another house they painted only red horses with white points. It is a sep- arate branch of the trade to paint saddles and headgear. A good hand will paint twelve dozen horses a day, each horse be- ing about one foot in length; and for these she is paid 55 soldi, or about 2s 3d En- glish.” soe. Chinese Tariff. From the Chicago Record. It takes a Chinaman to get the full value of his money. The other morning, about 10:30 o'clock, two of the Clark street colony went over to a State street theater, which opens its doors about noon and gives a continuous performance until 11 o’clock at night. They bought two tickets for seats in the back of the balcony, and as soon as the doors opened they crowded in and were shown te their places. They didn’t say much, but their eyes were fixed on the stage and their hands were buried in their sleeves. At 1 o'clock they were seen to smile faintly when two fluffy-skiried dancers spun upon the staxe. At 5 o’cloch they time—the dancers had come back. Some amusement was caused in the audience by their pres- ence, because it is not usual to see China- men in the theater. When the players were their funniest the Chinamen were their soberest. At 10 o'clock they were seen to smile a third time. It was the third turn of the dancers with the fluffy skirts. At 11 o'clock the Chinamen left the theater reluctantly, having been there for twelve hours for fiftcen cents each. —+e9+—_____ The Irish Retort Courteous. A Physictan in Scribner's, I was struck by the humorous look in his face, but even more by the unmistakable evidences of hard drinking which he pre- sented. After asking some other questions, I suddenly said: “You have been drinking pretty hard, have you not?” He looked at me with the most engag- ing of Irish smiles, and gravely informed me that he had not done so to any extent, adding, ‘Well, you know, I'm a ’longshore- man, and ay coorse we've been on a strike, and that manes that ivery wan had sev- eral drinks a day, so perhaps I did take a little.” After awhile I told him first to hold cut his hands, which were shaky. Then I asked him to put out his tongue. This wes very tremulous, and I said, rather sharply: “What makes your tongue shake so much if_you have not been drinking?” Looking at me in the most humble man- ner, he answered without hesitating: “Weill, I don't know, unless it’s the modesty of that organ at bein’ thrust into prominence In the sight of such a fotne gintleman,.” I changed the subject. BRITISH ENTERPRISE A Great Submarine Cable From Van-| couver to Australia. FANNING ISLAND HAS BEEN SECURED An Electric Current That Will Gir- dle the Earth. IMPORTANCE OF HAWAII Written for The Evening Star. HE HYDROGRAPH- fe office of the navy is keeping an °eye just now upon the project _ entertained by the British gov- ernment for laying a submarine cable from Victoria, B. C., to Australia. To this end a series of care- fully-planned steps have been taken by England _ recently. Last winter she tried her best to acquire control of Necker Is- lend, which she wanted for a mid-ocean telegraph station. This bit of land is noth- ing but a barren rock, incapable of sup- porting Nfe, situated to the northwest of the Hawaiian group, to which it belongs, though it is not properly a member of that little archipelago. But the Hawaiian re- public would not give it up, owing to a treaty with the United States by which it has guaranteed not to cede any part of its possessions to a foreign power. Accord- ingly, Fanning Island, 1,200 miles south of Honolulu, has been selected instead. Thith- er the cable is to go direct from Victoria. During the last half dozen years England has been quietly taking possession of group aftergroup of islands in the South Pacific, with the intention of utilizing the most suitable bits of land for telegraph stations on the great transoceanic rgute. The gobbling process has been carried of un- obtrusiveiy, but systematically. Protector- ates were established wherever it was not practicable to assume ownership. In 1838 the British flag was raised on Kingman, Palmyra, Washington, Fanning, Christmas, Dudosa, Reirson and Penrhyn Islands. In the same year her majesty, the queen, took under her protection Ellice Island and the Phoenix, Union and Gilbert groups. She already had a protectorate over the Fiji islands. In 1889 she took Suwaroff Isiand, and in 1891 Johnston Island, which is about 500 miles west of the south end of the Hawaiian archipelago. In 1902 Gardiner and Danger Islands were appropriated. All of these islands and groups have been ex- amined with a view to determine their ilability for the purpose mentioned. The distances to be traversed by the pro- posed cabie are enormous. As the crow fies it is 3,860 miles from Victoria to Fa ning Island. From Fanning Isiand to Fi it is 1,967 miles, and from the latter point to Auckland is 1,348 miles. From Auckland to Sydney, in New South Wales, a cable is already laid. This is the route contem- plated, the total distance to be covered being ‘about 7,200 statute miles. Careful estimates recently made by the hydro- graphie office in this city show that the cost of laying a transpacifie cable would be just about 31,000 per mile, including everything. This would bring the total expense of put- ting down the line from Victoria to Auck- land, exclusive of preliminary surveys, up to $7,200,000, The cost is somewhat’ in- creased by the fact that the cable itself has to be carried all the way from Eng- land. No submarine cables are manutac- tured on this continent: Most of those now employed were made in England, where the business was originally initiated. Four firms in that country devote their atten- tion exclusively to this industry; there are fwo similar concerns in France and one in taly. To Girdle the Earth. Victoria, which is at the south end of Vancouver Island, is already connected by cable with Vancouver Town across the straits on the mainland. Vancouver Town is the terminus of the Canadian Pacific railroad. Thus the proposed line will con- vey messages direct from Europe to Aus- tralia, and the London merchant will be able to send telegrams beneath two oceans to Sydney. From Sydney the same tele- grams could be forwarded back to London by way of India and the continent of Burope. Thus it will be practicable actual- ly, when this project is accomplished, to transmit an electric spark entirely around the world. By throwing open all circuits along the wires the spark could be made to girdle the earth completely in a fraction of @ second. When the earliest cables were laid re was had only for the contour of the bo! over which the telegraphic rope was to pass. But nowadays many other things are considered in deciding upon a route. First ani foremost is the nature of the bot- tom. Landing places are chosen at points from which the insulated wire may run as quickly as possible into deep water, so as to avoid the destructive iodine of the shal- lows. In the:latter also are accumulations of decaying animal and vegetable matter, which produce injurious acids. As has been said already, the conditions for cable lay irg are admirable in all probability through- out the entire distance of 3,86 miles from Victoria to Fanning Island. Such obstacles as drowned mountains, which occur in all oceans, are easily avoided. One such was discovered recently, incidentally to the ex- ploration of the submarine lane from Cal- fornia to the Hawaiian Islands, 750) miles to the westward of Monterey bay. Though it is a mighty volcanic peak two and a half miles high, its existence had not been suspected previously, because half a mile of waier flows above it. Less is known of the paving and contour of the ocean floor for the rest of the pro- posed route, from Fanning Island to Auck- land, which is a Gistance about equal to that from New York to Liverpool—namely, 3, statute miles as the crow flies. The normal level of the bottom of the Pacific is a little less than three miles, though there are deeper areas, and here and there a yawning chasm, as off the east coast of Japan, where a submarine valley occurs six and a half miles in breadth. To the southward, however, over the greater part of the wat- ery region extending from Fanning Island to Auckland the ccean is somewhat more _shallow, though occasionally depths exceed- ing three miles occur between the numer- ous groups of islands. These groups mark great shoals, which probably are of vol- canic origin, the islands themselves being prominences high enough to appear above the surface. Coral polyps, which can live only in shallows, have utilized every avail- able shoal place for their building opera- tions, uplifting out of the sea reefs which in many cases have formed islands of con- siderable area. Such tslands are apt to be of an oval or approximately circular shape, a ring of reef inclosing a sort of harbor. Churacter of Fanning Island. Islands of this kind are called “atolls.” Their harbors frequently afford refuge to mariners voyaging in the south seas. One of these is big enough to accommodate all the navies of the world. Disintegration of the surface coral by the elements makes the beginning of a soil The seeds are brought by birds and by ocean currents, and presently the rudiments of vegetation appear. Eventually perhaps a few natives from other islands settle upon the new atoll and eke out a scanty subsistence by fishing and by cultivating the taro and a few other plants. The soil is capable of yielding so little naturally that it is helped out by digging holes im the coral and throwing into them everything in the way of animat and vegetable refuse that can be gathered together. This stuff, mixed with disintegrated coral, furnishes material for primitive garden patches. Fanning Island is such an atoll. It was discovered in 1798 by an American ship, the Betsy. It is ten miles long, four miles wide, and of an oval shape, inclosing a harbor which could be made very usefal by clearing away coral heads that have grown up here and there inside the en- ccmpassing reef. The latter ts half » mile wide, and in no part is more than two or three feet above the surface of the ocean, except on the north and east sides, where a ridge ten feet high serves as a’ break- water. Land crabs are enormously abund- ant. The human population consists of a white man named hee children, and sixt olynesian natives. Guano workings wefe formerly conducted on the island, but have been abandoned. ‘There are pearl oysters-in the bay, but no- body dives for them. Many years ago there was a factoryffar making cocoanut oil. The atoll is covered thickly with co- coanut trees, so as to be visible at a dis- tance of fifteen miles at sea. On March 15, 1888, Capt. Sir W. Wiseman of H. M. S. Caroline took formgl possession of Fan- zing Island in the name’ of the queen. Naturally, muck interest attaches to this island, on which is to be established a mid- ocean telegraph station. Necker Island, which was desired by the British for the purpose, was discoveréd by La Perouse, November 1, 1786. It is a barren rock, three-quarters of a mile:long and 340 yards broad, having at the ends two peaks, about 275 feet high. It is situated nearly on the Tropic of Cancer, in 23 degrees and 35 min- utes north latitude. Not a tree grows on it, but vegetation is abundant near the heights, on which much guano is found. his wife, his four |The shores are as steep as walls, and the sea beats against them with fury. Necker Island was surveyed in 18%0 by Lieut. Brooke, U. S. N. He was at that time a midshipman, but was destined to achieve celebrity asa submarine surveyor. He in- vented the first practicable device for mak- ing deep-sea soundings, and this was em- ployed with success at the time of the lay- ing of the first cable across the Atlantic. Hawaii a Central Point. Steps were taken some time ago toward the formation of a company for the pur- pose of laying a cable from California to China ‘by way of Honolulu. The idea is that the wire shall go to Yokohama, Ja- pan, thence to Nagasaki by land, and from Nagasaki under water 800 miles to Hong Kong. It is estimated that the whole plant would cost $10,000,000. A telegram from Hong Kong to New York has now to travel by way of Eurcpe 13,000 miles under water and 700 miles over land, costing $3.25 a word. The same business could be ddne by the proposed line at the rate of $1 a word. If you will take a map of the Pacific ocean and draw a straight line from San Fran- cisco to Hong Kong you will find that It passes through the Hawaiian group. Draw another itne from Victoria, B. C., to Syd- ney, Australia, and it passes through the Hawaiian Islands. Again, draw a straight line from the Nicaragua canal to China, and it will pass through the Hawaiian group. These lines represent the routes of Present and future commerce. E BACHE. ABOUT EDITOR STORY. How His Raids on the Force of News- paper Workers Were Checked. Wilbur Story, though a great editor, never had fame for good humor; and as he grew old he grew irritable. Little things wor- ried him; small matters made him furious. If some mistake shone forth in any fashion of ragged, bad work in the Chicago Times Story was liable to inquire the criminal out, and deal with him. ‘There came a time in his life when his dismissals from the service of his paper averaged four a week; good men, too. James B. Runnion, now editor-in-chief of the Kansas City Star, was then managing editor of Wilbur Story’s Times. To pre- serve his force from the devastating swoops of Story’s irritability, something had to be done. Runnion studied the situation long and hard. He noticed that after Story had dis- charged a) man he appeared to experience great relief, and woul: get along in peace and comparative quietude for a time. The record showed that Story never fired more than one man in a doy. If Runnion: could onty provide the right sort of victim every day all would be weil. A bright idea struck Runnion. He had a splendid, competent ‘bey in the elevator. He removed this valuable youth to another fleld and hired a boy}:the worst that he could find. sat The boy knew nothing of an elevator and did everything wrong: °The first time Story got into the elevatorswith the worthless boy he started the machine too soon and almost caught the great editor in the door frame. Had he succeeded, it would have ended Story’s career.’ Upon arrival at the top floor Story ordered the dangerous youth discharged. It was dene and the old ele- vator boy was sent baek until a fresh vic- tim could be brought: en. The next morning a’mew and clumsy ele- vator boy was discovered by Story and promptly told to go. ‘The morning foliow- ing Runnion fed the great editor another. Now and then a boy would last two days; ‘but the rule was five a week. Story would immolate a quintet of ele- vator boys each week, and with that he would rest content. It was a good thing and kept him off the regular force, and restored tranquility among the hired men. But it was a bit rough on the boys. A Striking Resemblance. Fronr the Detroit Free Press. “My dear, dear old boy!” began the ef- fusive young man as he entered a Wood- ward avenue car and slapped a middle~ aged man on the back; “but I was just thinking of you a moment ago! How do you do, anyway?” “I am well, sir!” frigidly returned the as he turned full around. Beg pardon for my mistake. I was certain {t was my dear old friend, Col. B.” “I said I was well!” repeated the man who had been slapped. “Yes, I know, and I beg you to excuse me. It’s the first time I ever made such a mistake. The resemblance is wonderful.” “Did you wish to speak to me, sir!” de- manded the other, in tones about 40 degrees below zero. - 4 “I slapped you on the back by mistake. I am sorry for it. You look like the twin brother of my old friend, Col mistook you for him. Sorry and I hope you'll overlook it: “Are you addressing me, sir?" came in cold and flinty tones across the car. “Yes, sir. When I came in I tock you for my old friend, Col. B., and it was not until after I had slapped you on the back that I found out my mistake. It was very rude of me, and I beg pardon and hope you will overicok it.” aS a “What do you wish me to overlook?” ‘The young man got up to go all over that speech again, but a plumber who was about to get off took him by the arm and walked him out and dropped him on the asphalt, said: ‘oung man, you must have drunk one too many cocktails. That’s old Col. B. himself you've been talking to all, this time!” ———— Brend That is Popular. From the Pittsburg Dispatch. “Home-made bread is not a marketable article, generally speaking. People may think that a baker would be able to make a fortune as well as corner the trade. But I know differently, for I Jearned by ex- perience never to try to sell to the public what I wanted them to try, but to make them what they wanted to buy. Many years ago I thought as you do, that first- class home-made bréatl would be a luxury which the public would receive with open arms. So I proceeded to make it. My agents told me the sterekeepers almost re- fused to accept the loaves on account of their smallness. They: were of the same weight as the other loaves, contained the same amount of notrishment, but, being more solid, with less’ air holes, they made up into much smaller loaves. “One day I was ini the store when a wo- man came in to buy a loaf of bread. She was shown a loaf of ordinary baker’s bread and a loaf of homeé-inade bread. ‘How muck do you charge ‘for these?’ she asked. ‘Ten cents,’ was the reply. ‘What!’ she exclaimed; ‘ten cents for a little loaf like that, when I can get a large loaf for the same price? Give mé the large loaf.’ I tried to explain that’ they both weighed the same, placing them on the scales so they balanced each othér, but no, she would ave nothing but the large loaf. That day I went to the baker and told him to stop making home-made hread. I had learned my lesson. ‘Blow it up,’ F said to him. ‘Fill it as full of wind as you can, so as te make the loaf as large as possible. If people want wind we will have to give it to them.’ That's why so little home-made tread is made by bakers.” Bae An Unjust Suspicion. Brom Texas Siftings. Matilda Snowball, the colored domestic in an Austin family, was suspected of help- ing herself to some wine. “Own up, Matilda, that you have been drinking out of this bottle of Rhine wine,” said the lady of the house. “No, mum, I nebber has been near dat bottle.” “Are you sure?” “Ob course I is. Ketch me a-drinkin’ dat ar sour stuff what puckers up yer mouf. , mum, I has got better sense dan dat ar. BULL RUN RETREAT The Memories Revived by the Knighting of Russell. WHEN AE WAS A WAR CORRESPONDENT His Famous Description and the Criticism It Provoked. A SERIOUS MATTER THEN HEN QUEEN VIC- toria conferred the honor of knighthood upon William How- ard Russell, for so many years the re- nowned war corre- spondent of the Lon- don Times, she at the same time awak- ened memories of the days when William Howard Russell was one of the English- men whom Ameri- cans generally regarded with more than or- dinary dislike. He was known here during the ’60’s as “Bull Run Russell,” that title having been given him in recognition of his services as the author of the most inter2st- ing account of the retreat of the Union troops from the first battle of Bull Run written by any of the many who endeay- ored either to describe or to hide the scenes eracted between Manassas and the Long bridge. Mr. Kussell’s published diary of what he saw July 21, 1861, is a lively con- tribution to the history of that stirring time. The newspaper report—which differs but little from the very extensive diary itself—defeated completely Mr. Russell’s design to move southward with McClellan, and resulted in a hasty return to England. In the diary, and under the date men- tioned, occur the following descriptive frag- ments, which are produced as tikely to be of general interest just now: had ridden,” writes the corr2spondent, ‘between three and a half and four miles, as well as I could judge, when I was obliged to turn for the third and fourth time into the road by a considerable stream, which was spanned by a bridge, toward which I was threading my way, when my attention was attracted by loud shouts in advance, and I perceived several wagons coming from the direction of the battlefield, the drivers of which were endeavoring to force their horses past the ammunition carts, going in the contrary direction near the bridge; a thick cloud of dust rose behind them, and running by the side of the wag- ons were a number of: men in uniform, whom I supposed to be the guard. My first impression was that the wagons were re- turning for fresh supplies of ammunition. But every moment the crowd increased; drivers and men cried out, with the most vehement gestures, ‘Turn back! Turn back! We are whipped.” They seized the heads of the horses and swore at the opposing drivers. Emerging from the crowd, a breathless man, in the uniform of an ofi- cer, with an empty scabbard dangling by his side, was cut off by setting between my horse and the cart for a moment. “What is the matter, sir? What is all this about? ‘Why, it means that we are pretty badiy whipped; that’s the truth,” he gasped, and continued on his way. The Heat and the Upronr. “By this time the confusion had been communicating itself through the lines of Wagons toward the rear, and the drivers endeavored to turn round their vehicles in the narrow road, which caused the usual amount of imprecations from the men and Plunging and kicking from the horses. “The crowd from the front continually in- creased; the heat, the uproar and the dust were beyond description, and these were augmented when some cavalry soldiers, flourishing their sabers and preceded by an officer, who cried out, ‘Make way there, make way there, for the general,’ at- tempted to force a covered wagon, in which Wes seated a man with a bloody handker- chief round his head, through the press. “I had succeeded in getting across the bridge with great difficulty before the wagon came up, and I saw the crowd on the road was still gathering thicker and thicker. Again I asked an officer, who was on foot, with his sword under his arm. ‘What is all this for” ‘We are whipped, sir. We are all in retreat. You are all to go back’ ‘Can you tell me where I can find Gen. McDowell?” ‘No! Nor can any one else." “A few shells could be heard bursting not very far off, but there was nothing td ac- count for such an extraordinary scene. A third officer, however, confirmed the re- port that the whole army was in retreat, and that the federals were Beaten on all points, but there was nothing in this dis- order to indicate a general rout. All these things took place in a few seconds. I got up out of the road into a corn field,through which men were hastily walking or run. ning, their faces streaming with perspira- tion, and generally without arms, and worked my way for about a half a mile or so, as well as I could judge, against an increasing stream of fugitives, the ground being strewn with coats, -blankets, fire- locks, ecoking tins, caps, belts, bayonets— asking im vain where Gen. McDowell was. Roll of Artillery. “Again I was compelled by the condition of the field to come into the road; and hav- ing passed a piece of wood and a regiment, which seemed to be moving back in column of march in tolerably good order, I turned once more into an opening close to a white house, not far from the lane, beyond which there was a belt of forest. Two field- pieces, unlimbered near the house, with panting horses in the rear, were pointed toward the front, and along the road beside them there swept a tolerably steady col- umn of men, mingled with field ambulances and light beggage carts, going back to Centerville. I had just stretched out my hand to get a cigar light from a German gunner, when the dropping shots which had been sounding through the woods in front of us, suddenly swelled into an ani- mated fire. In a few seconds a crowd of men rushed out of the wood down toward the guns, and the artillerymen near me seized the trail of a piece, and were wheel- ing it round to fire, when an officer or ser- geant called out, ‘Stop! Stop! They are our own men; and in two er three minutes the whole battalion came sweeping past the guns at the double, and in the utmost disorder. Some of the artillerymen dragged the horses out of the tumbrils; and for a moment the confusion was so great I could not understand what had taken place; but a soldier whom I stopped, said, ‘We are pursued by their cavalry; they have cut us all to pieces.” “Murat himself would not have dared to move a squadron on such ground. How- ever, it could not be doubted that some- thing serious was taking place; and at that moment a shell burst in front of the house, scattering the soldiers near it, which was followed by another that bounded along the road; and in a few minutes more out came another regiment from the wood, almost as broken as the first. The scene on the road had now assumed an aspect which has not a parallel in any description I have ever read. Infantry soldiers on mules and draught horses, with the harness clinging to their heels, as much frightened as their riders; negro servants on their masters’ chargers; ambulances crowded with un- wounded soldiers; wagons swarming with men who threw out the contents in the road to make room, grinding through a shouting, screaming mass of men on foot, who were literally yelling with rage at every halt and shrieking out, ‘Here are the cavalry! Will you go on? This portion of the force was evidently in discord. Confused Accounts. “There was nothing left for it but to go with the current one could not stem. I turned round my horse from the deserted guns, and endeavored to find out what had occurred as I rode quietly back on the skirts of the crowd I talked with those on all sides of me. Some uttered prodigious nonsense, describing batteries, tier over tier, and ambuscades, and blood. running knee deep. Others described how their boys carried whole lines of entrench- ments, but were beaten back for want of reinforcements. The names of many regi- ments were mentioned as being utterly de- Cavalry and bayonet charges and masked batteries played prominent in all the narrations. Some of the officers seemed to fecl the disgracerof defeat; but the strangest thing was the general indif- ference with which the event seemed to be regarded by those who collected their senses as soon as they got out of fire, and who said they were just going as far as Centerville, and would have a big fight tomorrow. “By this time I was unwillingly approach- ing Centerville in the midst of heat, dust, confusion, imprecations inconceivable. On arriving at.a place where a small rivulet crossed the road, the throng increased still more. The ground cver which I had pass- ed going out was now covered with arms, clothing of all kinds, accouterments thrown off and left to be trampled in the dust under the hoofs of horses and men. ‘The runaways ran alongside the wagons striving to force themeelves in among the occupants, who res'sted tooth and nail. The drivers spurred, and whipped, and urged the horses to the utmost of their bent. I felt an inclination to laugh, which was overcome by disgust, and by that vague sense of something extraordinary taking place, which is efperlenced when & mat sees a number of people acting 7s if driven by some unkrown terror. As I rode in the crowd, with men clinging to the stirrup leathers, or holding on by any- thing they could lay their hands on, so that I had some apprehersion of being pull- ed off, I spoke to the men, and asked them over and over again not to be in such a hurry. ‘There's no enemy to pursue you. All the cavalry in the world could not get at you.’ But I might as well have talked to the stones. “For my own part I wanted to get out of the ruck as fast as I could, for the heat and dust were very distressing, particularly to a half-starved man. Most of the fuzi- tives were in the last stages of exhaustion and some actually sank down by the fences at the risk of being trampied to death. Above the roar of the fight, which was like the rush of a great river, the guns burst forth from time to time. Senttered Along the Rond. “The road at last became somewhat clear- er; for I had got ahead of some of the am- munition trains and wagons, and the oth- ers were dashing up the hill toward Cen- tervile. The men’s great coats and blank- ets had been stored In the trains, but the fugitives had apparently thrown them out on the road, to make reom for themselves. Just beyond the stream I saw a heap of clothing tumbled out of a large covered cart, and cried out after the driver: ‘Stop! stop! All the things are tumbling out of the cart.’ But my zeal was checked by a scoundrel putting his head out and shout- ing with a curse, ‘If you try to stop the team, I'll blow your —— brains out.’ My brains advised me to adopt the principle of non-intervention. se “J was trotting quietly down the hill road beyond Centerville, when suddealy the guns on the other side, or from a battery very near, opened fire, and a fresh out- burst of artillery sounded throughout the woods. In an instant the mass of vehicles and retreating soldiers, teamsters and civil- iars, as if agonized by an electric shock, quivered throughout the tortuous line. With dreadful shouts and cursings, the drivers lashed their maddened horses, and, leaping from the carts, left them to their fate and ran on foot. Artillerymen and foot soldiers, and negrces mounted on gun horses, with the chain traces and loose trappings trailing in the dust, spurred and flogged their steeds down the road or by the side path. The firing continued and seemed to apprcach the hill, and at every report the agitated body of horsemen and wagons were seized, as it were, with a fresh convulsion. “One more the dreaded cry, “The cavalry! Cavalry are coming! rang through the crowd, and, looking back to Centerville, I perceived coming down the hill between me and the sky a number of mounted men, who might at a hasty glance be taken for horsemen in the act of sabering the fugi- tives. In reality they were soldiers and civilians, with, I regret to say, some offi- cers among them, who were whipping and striking their horses with sticks, or what- ever else they could lay hands on. I called out to the men who were frantic with ter- ror beside me, ‘They are not cavalry at all; they’re your own men,’ but they did not heed me. * Russell's Narrow Escape. “A fellow who was shouting out ‘Run! Run!” as loud as he could be- side me seemed to take delight in creating alarm; and, as he was perfectly collected, as far as I could judge, I sald, “What cn earth are you running for? What are you afraid of? He was in the roadside below me, and at once turning on me and ex- ciaiming, ‘I'm not afraid of you,’ pre- sented his piece and pulled the trigger so instantaneously that, had it gone off, I could not have swerved from the ball. As the scoundrel deliberately drew up to ex- amine the nipple, I judged it best not to give him another chance, and spurred on through the crowd, where any man could have shot as many as he pleased without interruption. The only conclusion I came to was that he was mad or drunken. When I was passing by the line of the bivouacs a battalion of men came tumbling down the bank from the field into the road, with fixed bayonets, and as some fell in the road and others tumbled on top of them, there must have been a few ingloriously wounded. “TI galloped on for a short distance to head the ruck, for I could not tell whether this body of infantry intended moving back to- ward Centerville or were coming down the road; but the mounted men, galloping fu- riously past me, with a cry of ‘Cavalry! cavalry! on their lips, swept faster than I did, augmenting the alarm and excitement. I came up with two officers, who were rid- ing more leisurely, and, touching my hat, said: ‘I venture to suggest that these men should be stopped, sir. If not, they will elarm the whole of the post and pickets on to Washington. They will fly next, and the consequence will be most disastrous.’ One of the two, looxing at me for a moment, nodded his head without saying a word, spurred his horse to full speed, and dashed on in front along the road.” A Storm of Criticism. As soon as copies of the Times contain- ing the Bull Run story reached the United States there was tremendous excitement, in the course of which a great many peo- pie did their utmost to take existence burdensome to the man who did nothing— as competent eye-witnesses and partici- pants have since admitted—but tell the pre- cise truth in such a fashion as a ‘first-class writer would. In_his own defense, in his published diary, Mr. Russell, said: “Whiist on this subject, let me remark that some time afterward I was in Mr. Brady’s pho- tographic studio on Pennsylvania avenue, Washington, when the very intelligent and obliging manager introduced himself to me and said that he wished to hive an op- portunity of repeating to me personally what he had frequently told persons in the place, that he could bear che fullesi testi- mony to the complete accuracy of my ac- count of the panic from Centerville down the road at the time I left, and that he and his assistants, wno were on the spot try- ing to get away their photographic van ard apparatus, could certify that my de- scription fell far rt of the disgraceful spectacle and 9f the excesses of the flight.” The denunciatory storm which beat upon Mr. Russell was probably of greater force than any ever suffered by a newspaper writer. It cut short instantly his useful- ness as a war correspondent, for the ad- ministration—which in that case was Sec- retary Stanton—refused anything that could possibly be mistaken for aid or com- fort, and compelled Russell to retreat. For this, Russell described Mr. Stanton as “excessively vain, and aspires to be con- sidered a rude, rough, vigorous Oliver Cromwell sort of a man, mistaking some of the disagreeable attributes and the ac- cidents of the external husk of the great protector for the brain and head of a statesman and a soldier.” To join the southern army as a correspondent would have been quite as impossible as it was to accompany McClellan to the front. “In the south,” said Mr. Russell, “the press threat- ened me with tar and feathers, because I did not see the beauties of their domestic institutions, and wrote of it in my letters to England exactly as I spoke of it to every one who conversed with me on the subject when I was among them; and now the northern papers recommended expul- sion, ducking, riding rails and other cognate modes of insuring a moral conviction of error; endeavored to intimidate me by threats of duels or personal castigations; gratified their malignity by ludicrous stories of imaginary affronts or annoyances ‘to which I never was exposed, and sought to prevent the authorities extending any pro- tection toward me, and to intimidate offi- cers from showing me any civility.” The varieties of antagonistic fecling sketched by Mr. Russell departed com- pletely many years ago. Today, it is be- lieved, he would receive the kindliest of welcomes; welcomes that in some com- munities would be no less effusive because he is: now Sir William Howard Russell. 15 ‘THE DOCTOR'S COLUMN. L. 8., Omaha.—I am troubled with sick headache and have pains in my left side. I have teen run down in health for some time. Will you tell me of some treatment? Take Ovarine (From the Ovaries) in three-drop doses on the tongue three times dally, gradually increasing to five-drop doses. J. M. T., N. ¥.—What is the best remedy for nervous dyspepsia? ‘Take a teaspoonful of Natrolithie Salt, dissolved in a half tumbler of water, immediately . after meats, Cc. C. N., N. ¥.—I am very nervous and irritable and do not sleep well at night. Please prescribe a good medicine. Cerebrine (Extract of the Brain), fn five-rop doses, on the tongue. F. C. E—Testine; five drops, three times a dsy, before meals. Cold baths and plenty of exercise. A. F.—Natrolithie Salts; teaspoonfal in half tum- bler of water, immediately after meals, will cure you. Post Dispatch, St. Louls.—There is nothing that will do what you state. ida M.—What is the best treatment for nervous prostration? Cerebrine, In three-drop doses, on the tongue three times dally. N. T. N., St. Louis.—I am a mason and have con- tracted rheumatism; my health is not good. I suf- fer from muscular weakness. Take Febricide pills—one in the morning and evening. P. R., Brooklyn.—I have been troubled with great bodily weakness and nervous insomnia for some time. ‘Take Cerebrine, in five-drop doses, upon rising’ and upon going to bed. Attend closely to hygienle conditions in the sleeping room. Jas. N., Washington.—I am troubled very much with nausea and depression of spirits, and I have, also, chronic constipation. Please suggest a rem- edy. Natrolithic Salt—a teaspoonful in a tumbler of Water, morning and evening. W. T. PARKER, M.D. P. 8.—All letters of inquiry on medical subjects directed to the Columbia Chemical Company, Wash- ington, D. C., will be answered free, either in these columns or by mail direct. The Animal Extracts. THE MOST WONDERFUL THERAPEUTIC DIS- COVERY SINCE THE DAYS OF JENNER. CEREBRIXE, - - - - From the Brain. For Diseases of the Brain and Nervous System. MEDULLINE, - - - - From the Spinal Cord. For Epilepsy, Locomotor Ataxia, etc. CARDINE, From the Heart. Heart. For Diseases of the | TESTINE, for Premature Decay. OVARINE, for Diseases of Women. ‘THYROIDINE, for Eczema and Impurities of the blood. DOSE, 5 DROPS. PRICE, TWO DBACHMS, $1.00. ALL DRUGGISTS. Send for Book. FEBRICIDE PILLS, For MALARIAL AFFECTIONS and all INFLAMMA- TORY DISEASES of which Fever is an sccompapt ment. Of inectimable vaine in NEURALGIA; for SICK HEADACHE a specific. Price, per box of 20 pills, 50 cents; 100 pills, $2.00. NATROLITHIC SALTS, For Habitual Constipation, Torpor of the Bowels or Inaction of the Liver, Headache, Gastric Dys- pepsia, Intestinal Dyspepsia, Want of Appctite, Languor and Debility. As a mild, effective pur gative it bas no equal. Price, 50 cents per bottle. COLUMBIA CHEMICAL COMPANY, It Washington, D. G A CONFUSION OF BABIES. Uncle Moses: Explains Why He is Doubtful of His Identity. From Woman's Progress. “Yass, hit wuz veah funny, but we wus covgins anyhow, an’ dats one ting sho’. But ’twas mighty cur’ous, mighty!” Old Uncle Moses leaned back comfortably in his chair, looked thoughtfully into the fire, and then knocked the ashes out of his pipe, by which I knew he was thoroughly wound up, and in a story-telling humor. “Yass,” he repeated, “hit wuz mighty cur‘ous, honey, an’ I dunno ter dis day ef I’se rightly Aaron or Moses.” Seeing a look of astonisiment on my face, he chuckled a little, and finally said: “I reckon I mought’s well begin at de beginnin’, an’ perlate all de succumsiances ob de case, so’s yc’ kin jedge fo’ yo'self how hit feel like ter a ‘spectacle cullud pusson not ter know ef he’s his own self or his cousin. “Well, hit wuz dis-a-way. Me an’ Aaron wuz cousins. We’s daddies wuz brothers, an’ we’s mammies wuz twin gals wot worked in de gre’t house laundry. When we wuz borned we wuz jes’ much alike es ef we wuz two twins, too, so dey dun christen us Moses an’ Aaron. “Hit wuz ‘long erbout de time when we wuz fo’ weeks ole Gat massa had de gre’t cotton-pickin’ feas’. (In co’se, I dun reco- lec’ all dis, but I’se been performed ob hit liable pussons, like Br'er Tormson, or fo’ instance, wot’s ninety- ) “Yo' see, suh, massa he allus guv a big feas’ when all de cotton wuz picked an’ de wuck dun. Ev'ry niggah on de pilanta- tion would jes’ go crazy-like, an’ lose he head when de cotton feas’ come. Our two mammies wuz "mong de veah trifflin’est ob de wimmin folks. Dey'’d jes’ go wil’-like, de *citement wuz so distense. “Well, honey, de gre’t day come at las’, an’ off dey bofe went fo’ even de fus’ banjo sovn’. Dey lef’ us in de bed in Aaron's Tjmammy’s cabin, an’ in co’se dat’s how come we got mixed. When dey dun return, which wuz mighty late, dey jes’ set down an’ laff an’ giggle twill we claim dey’re ‘tention by bustin’ out er cryin’; den dey pick us up, an’ go On a-laffin’, twill Aaron’s mammy obsurb dat my mammy got her chiie. My mammy (she name Lilly) ‘clare dat I is her own chile, an’ remark dat she dun fick Rose (dat Aaron’s mammy’s name) hed maybe taken er little too much. “Den Rose she riz up jes’ es mad es er hornet, an’ she sass her back, an’ tell her she er fool niggah ef she ain’t know her own chile. While dey still "sputin’ de pint, “s my father) come in ter git he a lare out home. ““Wot's all dis-a-here rumpus "bout? say he. Den Rose she up an’ tole him that Lilly hed took her chile, an’ would persist hit were her’n. “‘Dat’s not Moses, dat’s Aaron,’ said Pete, ‘reckon I know mo’own son. Jes’ yo’ han’ ovah dat baby, now, Lilly, I ‘spect de feas’ dun turn yo” head.” “The wife begin ter cry, but "twarn’t no use, de chilluns wuz shifted, an’ she went off cryin’ wif t'other baby. Well, nex’ mornin’ Aaron’s mammy fink she pergeive somethin’ cur’ous "bout her chile. In cose she too ‘shamed ter say anyting "bout hit, but she feel mighty sho’ dat her chile Aaron neber roll he eyes up ‘twill dey dis- impear in he wool like dat, an’ she certain he neber yell all night like er live torm cat. So she insidered an’ medintated twill she "bout mek up her min’ ter go ast Lilly ter ’scuse her, an” dat ’twas her chile after all. She dun got "bout half way, when she spy Lilly invancin’ ter meet ‘ner, totin’ t'other baby. “Lilly she wuz reel mad, inclarin’ her child neber hed de colic no how, an’ er lot mo’. But dey settled hit at las’, an’ shifted us ergin. “Well, tings went smove fo’ "bout er menf, twill Rose she positive she sees er insemblance "tween t’other baby an’ her husban’, so, after some mo’ argufyment, dey dun go home wif diffrunt chilluns ergin. But hit didn’t seem ter satisfy *em nohow. Bless yo’ soul, honey, dey didn’t res’ satisfied fo’ mo’n er week at er time. Dey wuz constant shiftin’ and sheften’ of us, an’ sometimes de argufyment of dem two wimmins could be heerd from cne end ob de quarter ter de odder. We's dadies didn’t cayah much ‘bout hit—Pete he say he ruther lke de ‘citement, an’ "Lias, he "low one chile wuz es good es t’other, an’ he couldn't see no diff'unce in dem. "Twas all veah well when we wuz li'l tings, but es we growed ol’er, why hit wuz mon- strous infusin’ ter us, es well es to we's mammies. One week I'd be called Mozes, an’ den be swapped ‘roun’, an’ aev ter "spond ter de name ob Aaron. “Well, suh, we live erlong dis-a-way fo’ two or three yeah, ‘twill de yaller fevah come ‘round’ "mong de cull ——, — a heap er niggahs dun die, an’ bless yo poet one ob dem babies wuz took ermong dem. “Dat’s de end ob dis narration, suh, but wot puzzies me, es which one of dem chil- luns wuz took? Did I die, an’ am dis Aaron, or did Aaron die, an’ am dis me?”