Evening Star Newspaper, May 4, 1895, Page 19

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Av. 020 TEACHING SINGING The Method Has Been Entirely Changed in the Public Schools. THE STORY OF WHAT HAS BEEN DONE Children Are Taught to Read Music at Sight. EFFECT ON THE VOICES N NO OTHER branch of education, it is claimed,have the public schools of the District of Columbia progressed so far in the past five years as in the department of vocal instruction.The methods, the theo- ries and results have been practically revo- lutionized,and all has been done so very - quietly that no word has been spoken to the public through the press in explanation of the transformation. As Superintendent Powell said to a Star reporter the other morning: “It has been thought wiser to wait until we were sure curselves that the result was a good one before we began to show what we had ac- complished.” But the time has now come, and Mr. Pow- ell has something to say of the work in this direction, and he says it with a pride that is based, he states, upon the enco- miums of the best educators in the land, who have declared that the Washington children are now taught music better, more beneficie’ly and more thoroughly than anywhe: else in the country. This has been done at the.expense of great efforts, for in the process an old system has been uterly destroyed and a new system estab- lished, and even yet the new has not en- tirely supplanted the oid, for in the higher grades of the schools there are traces today of the old-fashioned plan of getting, as it is said, the most possible volume out of the throat of each child, and of making the music lesson a burden on the vocal organs instead of an aid to them. Quality, Not Volume. A visit to one of the lower grades of schools during the music lesson-—-which lasts twenty minutes each day—will afford an excellent basis for comparing the old and the new methods. In former days a class of children singing could be heard not only through the building, but upon the ex \ streets. The chief annoyance to residents living near schools was the periodic scresch- ing through which the little ones were driven, like so many young steam whistles, operated on the theory that there was just so much steam pressure behind each mouthn and that, therefore, there must be just so much result in the way of sound. Results, it is asserted, were then confounded with volume, instead of quality. everal years ago Mr. Powell, as he ex- plained, saw that there was something wrong in the old methods of te. ing music. He could not put his finger on the evil element, but he knew it was there. He heard schools of children singing ver loudly, to be sure, but not sweetly or natu rally, and when they strained after notes that were beyond their little limits’ the cords in their necks stood out hard and rigid and the vocal organs were strained to their utmost. So he cast about for a me of reforming the work and of obtaining different results. He had watched with in- terest for about four years the work of Miss Annie E. Scammell, a graduate of the High and Normal Schools of this city, who, like Mr. Powell, had realized in the’ work she had done in her classes after becoming teacher that there was a new way tothe training of the little voices of the children without injuring them. So it was that Miss Scammell was chosen to be the principal teacher of music in the schools, a pos: which she holds today, with four a. ants under her direction—Miss A. E. Bent- ley, Miss Banks, Miss Amy Law and Mr. Trac What the ildren Are Taught. Mr. Powell is very enthusiastic over the results of the new work. Said he the other morning: “Too much credit cannot be given to Miss Scammell for her work. She has ored long and hard, and has done every- thing possible to perfect the stem. She has gone to Boston to study under Holt and Fa. | other teachers, and has persuaded other teachers to do the same. She has practi- instructed not only the child themselve many but has been obliged, in very instances, to instruct the teachers how to teach properly. The chi y know how to sing not only in in good time. They have been themselves Gren toc tune, but GOUT, Rheumatic gout, or any ton whatever, $ surest remedy in the Carls- bad Sprudel Salt. There's nothing so successful in clearing out the excess of uric acid in. the blood. ‘That has been proved in hundreds of years and in thousands of eases at Carlsbad. So with any of the ailments brought on by sedeytary habits—dyspepsia, indigestion, perverted nutrition, constipation—Carisbad cures ‘them, and cures them permanently. But the best way is to prevent them. 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Foster Medicine Co., Baltimore, Md. 42d12r-2 PDPPOPOPS OS POCO OS SHES GOTOY made to understand what-music meanssand the work has been sogggvetailed into the other branches of iff uction that the whole effect is most delfgatful. “Miss Scammell has gone into every field of music that exists an@-eollected the most beautiful songs ever written, and has utilized them to show:ghp little ones what muse means and how’ to apply it in their lives. When they are peing taught about the trees they sing ab’ trees, and when their other lessons are on the animals and tle birds, their songs -telate to the crea- tures, so that the whgle work is amalga~ mated. I shall leave of piss Scammell the task of telling you this result has -been accomplished, and_what she had to do to get to this point, as I am not familiar with the technical parts of the subject.” Miss Scammell, to whorh the reporter was referred, is a young woman of strong per- sonality, charming presence, ard with great fcree and tact in managing pupils. She has succeeded in making the new music very popular among the little ones, who look forward with pleasure to the music hour, whereas once many of them dreaded the drudgery of the monotonous beating of time and the singing of songs that were far beyond their narrow ranges of voice. She is very enthusiastic, though exceeding- ly modest over the work she has done, and hopes to do much more in the coming years. One’ of the peculiar features ot her success is that she went into this new field blindly, as it were, without any tech- nical knowledge of the elemental principles that underlie the correct methods of teach- ing vocal music. She soon found, however, that she had hit upon the correct theories and had adopted the right methods of cor- recting the evils. Scientific teachers have since told her that her methods are the best. The Teacher and Her Work. “When I took charge of a grade school,” said Miss Scammell to the reporter, after expressing the vain hope that her name might be omitted from whatever might be said on the subject, “I saw that the then existing method of teaching music regard- ed volume as of the first importance, and that no attention was paid to the quality of the tones or the management of the voices. I could see that the little ones were having their throats strained, and I fear that a tremendous number of voices must have been ruined, voices that were even promi: ‘The general mass of the pupils had their taste as to tone vitiated, all being sacrificed to quantity of sound. ‘There was no culture in their work. “The notion was that the child who sang lustily must enjoy the music, and this was pretty nearly the end of it all. Too much attention was paid to the beating of time, which had become a most mechanical pro- c I found that the majority of the chil- dren did not know how to read music, and, indeed, the whole subject being taught as it had been for fifty years, while it was only too apparent that outside of the he methods of music instruction iced marvelously in that period. I was reminded then of the remark of a famous author, who said that she regarded the growth of choral societies and the in- troduction of music in schools as a detri- ment rather than as an advantage, be: cause the processes that were used ruined voices while immature that might develop into artistic organs. ” “T saw that there was a good deal of volume being produced, making a satisfac- tory effect as far‘*as quantity was con- cerned, but I knew that the natural votce of the child was small, and that this great yolume must ‘be unnatural. There was, therefore, a strain somewhere, and I knew that no singing is right or good that is not produced without strain. So I went to work in my own school and for four years I strove to reduce the quantity of the sound, while trying to improve the tone, s 1 System of Hand Symbols. “The results were gratifying to myself, and attracted the neéticevof Mr. Powell, who kindly gave me tharge of the work, and has given me since ¢very assistance in his power in the ‘development of the present system. The first year that I be- gan teaching music exelusively I had one sistant, Miss Bentley, and our chief bor the softening down of all the voic We had the five lower grades, and we started in to make them sing more softly. It was difficult to show the child that music does not mean poise, and that the singing hour néed not be marked by screaming that could ge beard all over the building. ns “I reduced the tone,soithat the children could sing much more‘than before, and so we used their strength: other and more Vital directions. 1 heganoin that year to introduce the study:of the intervals, which d been practically neglected. That, of course, was the chief reascn why the child could ‘not read mu: Reading involves two elements, time and intervals, and these had never been separated. I first took up the intervals, and believing that they could be taught objectively, just as numbers and geography are taught, I adopted the sys- tem of hand symbols that had been in use spasmodically in different parts of the country at various times, but never here. “These hand signs have the double func- tion of marking the various notes and glv- ing to each a distinct character. Thus the closed hand, the clenched fist is ‘do, the first note, the dominant quality, and thus the foundation. It means a strong, firm tone. Then the open- ed palm, slightly raised, signifies ‘re,’ the second note, and means a rousing or hope- ful tone. Next is ‘mi,’ a middle, sustain- ing note, which has a steady, calm tone ani is indicated by the open palm resting horizontally. ‘Fa’ is a mournful note, end so marks the chord in which it dominates. So the symbol for it is a drooping finger, which signifies a desolate-or awe-inspiring tone. ‘Sol,’ the great middle note, belonging to both of the great chords, is an ope! paim held vertically, and its character is expressed by the phrase ‘thé grand or bright tol Again, ‘la’ is another mourn- ful note, and is expr 1 by a drooping called a palm, and sping tone, being the basis of the keys 3 being the next to the highest, is naturally shrill, and so is shown by the uplifted fin- ger. It is ing or sensitive tone. Mastering the Intervals. “Thus we gave to each note its own char- acter, and had the children study them. With the symbols we could teach intervals, and we worked back and forth and drilled and practiced, until we had overcome some of the old faults. The children had been taught chords until they were in ruts, end when called upon to jump with their voices from ‘do’ to ‘si’ or from ‘mi’ to ‘la’ or to make any unvsval intervals, they were nonplussed. I laid down the rule that a child is not taught an interval until ‘t can sing it when it has been preceded by any other interval, and can sing any other after it. Then, and only then, does the voice be- come sufficiently flexible to follow the cye when reading. “With an encouraging amount of success the first year we followed up the interval teaching the second season, and made an arbitrary division of the intervals, so as to insure perfect system of work in each school, and not to allow any one teacher to adopt her own plan, that would get her own school into more ruts. This division made two groups @f the, intervals, the notes do, re, mi and-fa being in the first, and sol, la, si and dg dn the second. After the children had made every possible com- bination in each group allothey had to do was to combine thergroups and they had been given thoroughipractice with every jump and interval of which the scale is possible. » 3° “Please remember sthat during this time we were doing the same kind of work in all the lower grades; and{that the chil- dren were on the same basis, We had dis- carded the old books and were tearing down all the old fouidations. The second year we had made some more innovations, stopped beating time, for imstance, in the old mechanical way,:and used a pendulum which is the simplest: form .of metronome. The children ewatchéd the*swinging ball and so gradually absorbed ‘the notion that there are two elements in rhythm, that is, regular recurrence ard accent. Sight Reading. ~ “Then it occurred to me that the only way to teach sight reading to the little ones was to have them read new music at each lesson, instead of doing the same song over and over again. “The same is true of reading language. No child can learn to read who is kept on the same page all the time. The music, of course, had to be carefully graded, so that a child should never be given music ahead of its ability to sing. We hunted high and low through the music of the world for songs of varying simplicity, and these were hectographed and distributed among the schools, to be sung in connec- tion with their other work. I tried to get songs with good sense and good sentiments in them, which was not always easy. “But meanwhile we had not deprived the children of the pure pleasure of singing songs, and had adcpted the plan of giving them a few rote songs that would make the lessons more interesting and would teach them the spontaneity and joy of song. So we picked out some simple airs and gave them to the little ones, songs about birds and flowers and spring and the other seasons—nature songs, they might be called, most of them from the German. Indeed, I should have been lost without the beautiful melodies of Ger- man music. These songs were given to the schools, as I say, and the children learned them by rote, and oh, how they do sing them, even yet, with their soft, pretty voices, and their sweet faces looking as if they enjoyed every note. This was the des- sert of the feast. We keep these rote songs as a part of the system now in the first three grades. The Progresx Made. “After two years the children began to read fluently and we returned then to the old singing books and took up the songs that formerly were drilled into them by sheer force of lung power. There was a great difference in the results, I can as- sure you. And so we have gone, making a little advance each year, and gradually spreading the system until each grade now has some pupils in it who have been in- structed under the new plan, while the higher grades have pupils who have been drilled under both the new and the old. It will be four or five years yet before every child in the entire public school system, from the first grade to the last year in the high school, has been taught only the pres- ent system. Up to now the work has been only foundation building, but now we have begun to construct. “Last ye.r we worked on the lines that lead to quality in tone, arid strove, oh, so hard, to ease the tension under which the children sang. We learned that lack of tension was the secret of natural and there- fore of good singing. The perfect voice means perfect freedom, though, of course, this equation is not reversible, as perfect freedom does not mean a perfect voice. But we must have the freedom of body and xerves if we are to have the perfect voice. So we try to get the children to sing in a perfectly easy attitude, we make them shrug their shoulders about until they are perfectly flexible, and if there. is a frown on their brows we straighten that out. No one can sing well who is frown- ing. These are little things, but they go to the seat of all the trouble. Instructing the Teachers. “One of the great troubles was that many of the teachers themselves did aot know how to teach music, and some cf them were even ignorant of the intervals. So we established classes of teachers—you must remember that the work of teaching singing is done by the teachers of the grades, and that the singing instructors do not visit the schools excepting at inter- vals—and these classes met at the Franklin every Saturday. It was purely voluntary, but there was a good attendance. At times there were sixty teachers assembled here at once. ‘Now, the Boston authorities tell me that our schools of all grades are ahead of the whole country in the matter of tone qual- ity, and that our first three grades can compete with any in the country ef equal grades in the matter of sight reading. We shall go on in this way, endeavoring to establishing the system in every grade, until all the schools are on the same basis, and meantime we shall adopt every new feature of teaching that is at all good.” ‘The reporter uccompanied Miss Scammell after this talk to one of the fiftu grade school rooms in the Franklin building, which she makes her headquarters, and there listened to a brief siiging lesson, that, while perfectly true in tone and key, could not be heard across the hallway. The little girls sang easily and naturally, and after going through a few notes to try the intervals, they did a little song about ihe snow that was very pretty and neatly done. Future Voice Development. Miss Scammell said as they left the room: “We can make those voices stronger at any time when it 18 advisable to do so. There is a foundation there for future de- velopment. I hava no doubt that among the 35,000 children in the schools who are under this system of teaching there are scores of wonderful voices, which are be- ing fostered by this plan, and can be raised to their full power when they are matured. They are nof being killed now, at any rate, as they might have been un- der the old system.” In the sixth grade school, next visited, the girls sang at sight a few phrases from Mezart and other great composers, and then Miss Scammell gave an example of rote teaching, by drawing curves to rep- resent the verses of a song about the daisy on the blackboard, and noting the leading word in each verse. In an astonishingly short time the girls were singing the verse as though they had known it forever. Two great concerts will be given by the pupils of the schools in June to demon- strate what has been accomplished during the past five years, This will be the first public exhibition of singing since the new system was adopted, and is being worked for with energy by both teachers and pu- pils. There il be two successive con- certs, one by 500 voices, selected from the th, seventh and eighth grades, and cne by 500 voices from the high schools. It will be all chorus work, though there may be an instrumental soloist. Mrs. Ern- est Lent of this city will be the accom- parist. The services of Mr. Tomlins, for- merly director of music in the Chicago schools, and choral director of the world’s fair music, have been secured to lead these voices, and he will be here May 23, and spend a fortnight in the work of drilling the choruses. You Will never need another dose of Dyspepsia Medicine after a meal, if your food is cooked with Cottolene, the new vegetable short- ening, instead of lard. 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Just Alike in Height, but There Was a Difference of Complexion. From the Chicago Evening Post. The young man considers himself a man of resources, although he is not as sure about it now as he was a few days ago. He has been very attentive to a certain young lady, and he was calling on her at the time that he partially lost confidence in his resourceful mind. It is unneces- sary to narrate what passed between them upon the occasion in question, but at the time that the young lady’s sister entered the room he was in the act of folding the young lady to his manly bosom. Of course he desisted at once, as young men generally do under such circumstances, but he was not embarrassed—not a Dit. x The young iady’s sister said: “Eacuse me,” and started to leave the room, when his resourceful mind began to work. He felt that he ought to say something, and say it right away, “Don’t go,” he said, “we've just been measuring to see which is the taller.” She paused in the doorway and looked at them both intently. “You're both about the same height,” she said, quietly, “but sister is much the redder.” Then she went out and he was embar- rassed-—just a little. ++. Guinevere. From the London World. ‘The King and all his knights have passed away! Sir Lancelot will never break a trust, And eaten is Excalibur with rust Vivien and Elaine are turned to clay, White witch of Winter and white bride of May, heir bones are driven of the wind as dust; uinevere alone endures, end ever must While men learn faith and women to betray! Her rose-leaf lips are ever fresh and sweet, Her ivory body is more white than milk, Her hair more golden than the sun abov etly with a thread of silk, e ‘ks beneath her feet, For only she has found the Grail of Love. ONE ENJOYS Both the method and results when Syrup of Figs is taken; it is pleasant and refreshing to the taste, and agts gently yet promptly on the Kidneys, Liver and Bowels, cleanses the sys- tem effectually, dispels colds, head- aches and fevers and cures habitual constipation. Syrup of Figs is the only remedy of its kind ever pro- duced, pleasing to the taste and ac- ceptable to the stomach, prompt in its action and truly beneficial in its effects, prepared only from the most healthy and agreeable substances, its many excellent qualities commend it to all and have made it the most popular remedy known. Syrup of Figs is for sale in 50 cent bottles by all leading drug- gists. Any reliable druggist who may not have it on hand will pro- cure it promptly for any one who wishes to try it. Do not acceptany substitute. CALIFORNIA FIG SYRUP CO, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. LOUISVILLE, KY. WEW YORK, W.¥. THE Animal Extracts Prepared according to the formula of DR. WM. A. HAMMOWD. ‘The most wonderful therapépic discovery since the days of Jenner. CEREBRINE.... From the Brain. For Diseases of the Brain and Nervous System. MEDULLINE........From the Spinal Cord. For Epilepsy, Locomotor Ataxia, etc. CARDINE..... --From the Heart. For Diseases of the Heart. TESTINE. . .--From the Testes. Testes. For the OVARINE From the Ovaries. ‘or Diseases of Women. Dose, 5 Drops. Price, Two Drachms, $1.00. For Sale by all Draggists. THE COLUMBIA CHEMICAL €O., Washington, D. C. Send for book. 30-8 POSES ERO SSI SS SSS HSE SCOS SESE MASES T COOKING} RANGES! Are made of STEEL AND MAL- LEABLE IRON. me-half of the world does not know how the other half lives.” It it did—if every one could look Into the happy homes of the users of Majestic Ranges there would be a big jump in Majestic sales. They save time, money and trouble— insure good cooking. Write for “Majestic Illustrated.” Majestic M’f’¢ Co., St. Louis, Mo. Sold by B. F. GUY & CO., 1005 Pennsylvania ave. POCSSSEO GOODS POD e e e @ e a See o ees PHIDOSE SOS SPE SOLO IO OG OP FE RESO I OOS 0999000 96090004600000: | Baldness and Falling Hair. 704 14th St., WASHINGTON, D.C. 5 Dr. CRAVEN, 100 EB. Broad st., Richmond, Va. 1 was bald at 24; having used everything pre- serived for BALDNESS or loss of Hair for over 40 years, one year ago this month I was persuaded by friends to try Semmes’ Electric Hair Restorer. To my surprise my Halr came in little by little. Now my head is nearly covered. 1 can consclen- flously recommend it to any one whose hair ts falling—for Dandraff—or any disease of the scalp. It is NOT a DYE. acaee For sale by all first-class druggists throughout America. New hair promoted in two weeks, cr no charge. $1.00 per bot 6 bottles, $5.00. PERMANENT BRAN Dr. J. SEMMES has treated the elite of Washington for the past 12 years. ap2T GRATEFUL—COMFORTING— Epps’s Cocoa. : BREAKFAST_SUPPER. ‘By @ thorough Knowledge of the natural laws Which govern the operations of digestion and nutri- tion, and by a careful application of the fine prop- erties of a well-selected Cocoa, Mr. Epps has pro- vided for our breakfast and ‘supper a delicately flavored beverage, which may save us many heay doctors’ bills. “It is by the judicious use of suc! articles of diet that a constitution may be grad- pally built ap until strong enough to resist every tendency to disease. Hundreds of subtle maladies are floating around us ready to attack wherever there is a weak point. We may pe many a fatal shaft by keeping ourselves well fortified with pure blood and a properly nourished frame.”"— ivil Service Gazette. ‘Made simply with ‘boiling water or milk. Sold guly in half-pound tins, by’ grocers, labeled thus: JAMES EPPS & CO.,Ltd... Homeopathic Chem- ists, London, England. 43-m,tu,s0m WEAK WOMEN AND WEARY MEN, Require “A Friend In Need”. Such a Friend Can Be Found in WARNER’S SAFE CURE. It Is Admittedly the Standard Rem- edy for Bright’s Disease, Kidney, Bladder and Urinary Dif- ficulties, and Female Complaints. BRIAR PIPE AWAY 2 Gl MIXTURE } for => 5 cents Every pipe stamped DUKES MIXTURE or 2oz. Packaces 5¢ Sparkle and vim. Full of good health. Full of everything good. SS Every bottle of this great effervescent temperance beverage is a sparkling, bubbling fountain of health—a source of plea- sure, the means of making you feel better and do better. You make it yourself right at home. Get the genuine. 5 gallons cost but 25 cents. HARRIET HUBBARD AYER, 131 W. Bist LUNG AND THROAT SPECIALIST. Dr. Shade, 1232 14th street, is a specialist in al! disesses of the air passages, Nasal, Laryngeal and Bronchial Catarrh, Pharyngitis, Laryngitis, Tonsi litls, Bronchitis, Ulceration of the ‘Throat, Diph theria and Tubercular Consumption. Office hours, 9 to 11 a.m., 1 to 3 p.m. and 4 to 6 p.m. Terms reasonable. Consultation and ex a Z 2 my3-6t ——SS SSS z ° : Curling Iron 3 °° ¢ Heaters, 25c. 2 —a turn of the gas—a touch of a Ps match—stick fm the curling tron and wi o behold—it’s hot in an instant—and o no smut, elther, : 5 Look at this stock of Gas Stoves < while in the store. 40c. up to as o much as you want to pay. o Gas Stove Tubing, 8c. per foot. {Gas Appliance Exchange, $1428 New York Ave. 5 my2-28d Loococesooeocosoooosoooces = Gray Hair A thing of the past when Nattans Crystal Dis- covery is used. Guaranteed to restore gray oF faded hair to its natural color in 3 to 10 days— positively not a dye. Stops the hair from falling out, arrests dandruff and makes the nicest dressing for’ the hair one can use. No poison, No. sedie ment. No stains. Price, $1. Trial size, Sie. KOLB PHARMACY, SOLE AGENTS, 438° 7TH ST.N.W. Sent, express prepaid, to any part of the’ country on receipt of price. Ja26-tt Bargains In Long Hair Switches. $2.50. Formerly $5.00. $4.50. Formerly $6.50. $6.50. Formerly $10.50. E7Halr Dressing, Cutting, Shampooing, at S. HELLER’S, 720 7th Street N.W. mb21-20d SLENTWORTH'S: GLENN TERMINATOR KILLS ROACHES, RATS OR BUG! Cut this out, Have no ot M. W. BEVERIDGE, 1215 F st. OR ALL DRUGGISTS,