Evening Star Newspaper, September 15, 1894, Page 6

oo AYER’S oe. Hair Vigor | FOR FREVENTS | = BALDNESS, |__covon Removes Dandruff RESTORES COLOR To Faded & Gray HAIR. FOR GROWTH AND THE cue __| Best Dressing. More cases of sick hecdache, biliousuess, con- stipation. cam be cured in less, time, with leas Little ‘Liver Pilla, than by aaj otber mean THE MODERN MIRACLES OF HEALING WHICH are indisputabl; by Dr. Williams’ Piok Pills Fecelve the closest investiga- tion by sick people and their friends. ja27-cosly if THE BABY 1S ‘and use that old It soothes the softens gum, in, cures. wind colic and. te the x realy @iarrhoen. 25 cents a bottle. sel0-1y A half wine glass of meals will restore the appetite. Mannincrered sant by Dr. J. GB Siegert & Son. At all dealers. HISTORY OF LABOR TROUBLES Btory of the First Strike in the United States. The First Political Delegate Platform Demanding In trial Reforms. From the Chicago Sunday Times. In America trades unions were originally the outgrowth of a desire on the part of the craftsmen for closer social relations. Even in the infancy of the government certain distinctions of class, based upon wealth and family, grew up, gnd the me- chenics banded toge*her for the purpose of mutual benefit socially. Later on these unions were formed for mutual protection as well as pleasure. From that time for- ward the strife grew hotter and hotter, resulting im the industrial contest of today, after many strikes, many fearful riots, and the loss of lives and treasure. In the end, for the end must soon come, the policy of conciliation and arbitration is the policy of the workman, and it is yearly being forced upon the master. The first strike in America took place in the city of New York in 1803, when some sailors struck for an increase of wages. ‘This first outbreak—if it could be so de- nominated—was ended by the arrest and confinement of the leader. Prior to 1825, while there were numerous organizations of @ minor nature, the formative period of trades unionism in this country was of Ht- te impertance. From that time until 185: the development of the movement w: important, -as it-was the creative period of the union, based upon the demands of or- ganized “labor today. During this period of twenty-six years labor worked for short- er hours of ‘ott, higher wages and also lost considerable time in co-operative ex- periments. The most notatile one of the datter Is that of Robert Dale Owen and his New Harmony, Ind., company. With plen- ty of money and land the little company lssted but two years, failing to carry out any of the projector’s ideas and effectually damping the ardor of those who wished to create such establishments. clal depression near the beginning of the formative period caused an amount of agitation and several strikes of more or less importance. This agitation and these stoppages of the wheels of industry brought trades unionism into politics for the first time, divorced from the dominant parties of the country. Ebenezer Ford of New York wae elected to the state assem- bly on a platform demanding industrial reforms and protesting against the con- tinvance of the “feudal system.” This was n_1889. From this time on trades unionism has been a factor of ever-increasing importance fm the affairs of government. Dating from the success of Mr. Ford tradé papers began to appear and advocate the cause of the people, larger unions were formed, state societies tock the place of merely local and the work of pushing labor to the front was commenced with a greater degree of systematic effort than ever be- fore in the world’s history. From the same date the merchants and manufacturers be- gan their oppositon to organzed labor. New England led in this organization. nuary 8, 1834, a general trades union of all the mechanics of Boston and vicinity was formed. July 4 of the same year the first public demonstration of organized labor ‘was held in the New England capital. Two thousand men n.arched through the princi- pal streets, displaying banners and devices indicative of their principal political opin- fons, and wound up the celebration with speechmaking on the Common. This was the precursor of Labor day, now the recog- holiday of the mass of wage earners and wealth producers of the American na- tion. This demonstration and its succeeding and somewhat exciting imitators elsewhere nerved the employers to the first attack upon organized tabor in this country. Suit was brought against the journeymen boot- makers of Boston and an effort was made to break up the union by law. An indict- ment for conspiracy was found against seven of the defendants. The lower court found them all guilty, but in the Supreme Court the exceptions taken by defendants’ counsel were sustained and the men set Soon after this the shorter-hour question met with its first success in New England by the voluntary shortening of the labor day to ten hours by some of the more hu- mane of the masters. The agitation of the question was renewed with greater Vigor, and the fight carried into the elections. With the formation of the New England Workingmen’s Association in Boston, in March, 1845, end its first convention, May 28 of that year, begins the history of or- ganized labor in the United States in a more than local aspect. This was the first industrial congress, and was of vast im- portance in the bettle between labor and capital. Out of this movement grew all of the successive national organizations and the several people's parties which have been striving to accomplish something at the polls. Three years after this first mee: ing a labor convention was held in Phila- delphia, and Gerrit Smith placed in nom!- nation for the presidency. Thenceforward labor united as it had never done before. Unions were formed ell over the country, the secret order succeed- ing the open organization. This was due to the ostracism of the leaders by the op- posing forces. The untons made an organ- ized effort for shorter hours of work, and sent petitions to Congress by the hundred. In some states a ten-hour law was passed, but the best the unions could secure at that time was a general statute fixing a legal day's work at eleven hours. Benefit asso- clations grew out of the strikes and the need for some means of keeping the un- fortunate members in the unions. In their struggles to emancipate them- selves from the grasp of the morey power the working classes took a prominent part in the anti-slavery agitation which was such a strong feature of the politics of the ante-bellum period. They seemed to realize that long as such an institution as clav- ery was recognized as a legal institution, just so lorg would their own case be hope- less. Hence, in all the preparations for the mighty struggle which absorbed all others in its titanie embrace, the humbler classes of this country were firmly against the longer continuance of slavery in any form. In the war for the Union these people bore even more than their fair share of the difficulties and dangers, patriotically making their personal interests subservient to the common weal of the whole nation. While working steadfastly for the amelio- ration of all whose condition of life de- manded betterment, they lent a strong and willing helping hand in the perpetuation of the Institutions they had learned to believe were the best ever known in the history of the world. Yet, while the war progressed, organization was not lost sight of, and with its close the old battle was renewed. THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1894—EIGHTEEN PAGES. MARINES (R SAILORS|'" Local studios The Former Are Said to Be More Efficient in Gunnery. ALLEGED PREJUDICE AGAINST THEM The New Ship: Could Be Manned if Marines Were Used. THE PROPOSED ACTION ee A day or two ago The Evening Star an- nounced that the Navy Department was seriously embarrassed by a lack of men to man the newly completed ships. It was stated that under present conditions it was almost necessary to put one ship out of commission before putting another in, so that the crew could be changed from the one to the other. This state of affairs, it Is said, would compel the several large vessels now approaching completion to re- main tied up at their docks until they could be provided with crews from other vessels that might be in need of extensive repairs. The article declared that 2,000 additional men would be required to man the ships bow ready or approaching completion, and that the embarrassment of the department in this regard was due to the refusal of Congress to provide for the increase of the enlisted strength of the navy, which was so earnestly requested. Several of the more conservative officers of the navy and all those of the marine corps have taken issue with the Navy De- partment in its representations of the char- acter quoted above, and declare that a remedy could easily be found for the al leged evil if the Secretary of the Navy was acquainted with the real facts as they exist. They say that there would be no trouble about having a sufficient number of sailors to make up the crews if the marines Were stationed at the batteries, especially at the secondary batteries. Prejudice Against the Marines. An old well-known naval officer in conver- sation with a Star reporter this morning was in favor of such a policy. “I got over the antipathy I formerly felt toward the marines, and which is, I am sorry to say, a part of the education of every line officer in the navy. In my younger days I regarded a marine as some- thing of a useless supernumerary aboard ship, and carried my opinion to practical issues. I would as soon have allowed a drunken coal heaver in my cabin as to have permitted a marine to perform any duty as- signed to the saflors in the crew, and, as for letting them man a gun, such an idea would have made me shudder. I have gotten well over all such ridiculous notions. 1 am a lover of the navy, and I have been brought to smother old prejudices in my desire to see the efficiency of the navy increased. I know, because I have seen practical proofs of it, that placing marines at a battery improves the efficiency of a ship. I can give you many instances of it, but one will suffice. need not mention names or places, but every officer and man in the vervice will know the truth of what I am about to say. ‘The Bureau's Policy. “A ship whose batteries, both secondary and great gun, were manned by marines won the squadron prize for efficiency at target practice, and flew the pennant. The bureau of navigation ordered that the marines be taken away from the guns and the sailors replated. “In six months that ship had not only lost the pennant for gunnery, but lost all its individual prizes as well. I can state with- out fear of contradiction that every time the marines are put at target practice they make fine records, and then the bureau of navigation orders them taken away. Now, I maintain that if placing marines at the guns Improves the efficiency of a ship the interests of the service demand that they shoukl be kept there.” “What causes the bureau of navigation to follow such a course?” “I cannot definitely tell,” was the reply. “I can only positively state that nearly every time a ship is put in commission the marines are pl at the guns in the sec- ondary battery, and that every time this is done the bureau of navigation orders their removal. An officer in command of a certain vessel was ordered by that bureau to take the marines away from the battery. He acceded to the order, but wrote a letter of protest. In reply he received a letter from Commodore Ramsay, chief of the bu- reau of navigation, stating that he was sur- prised that a graduate of the Naval Acad- emy should desire to put such a reflection upon the sailors. I don't believe the Sec- retary of the Navy knows how the effi- ciency of the strvice is retarded by the refusal to make use of:the marines, which is undoubtedly inspired by the inbred be- lief of naval men generally that a marine is a lower order of being than a sailor, and should never be permitted to show his su- periority over a blue jacket at gunnery or anything else. Oh, yes, if the marines were placed at the guns, as they should be, there would be none of this hue and cry about the embarrassment of the Navy Depart- ment over a lack of men to man its ships.” Col. Heywood’s Testimony. The surprising statements brought out during the interview were repeated to an officer of the marine corps. He was disin- clined to discuss the question himself, but referred the reporter to the testimony given before the joint committee on naval per- sonnel during the recent session of Congress by Col. Charles Heywood, commandant of the marine corps. A perusal of the pamphlet containing the evidence in question developed that it was Col. Heywood'’s opinion that when a de- techment of marines is detailed for sea service it should constitute a division un- der its own officers and at the discre- tion of the commanding officer of the vessel be assigned to the guns of the main or secondary battery. He believed this would beth increase the sphere of usefulness of the marines and promote efficiency and economy in the navy. “If there are not enough sailors to man the guns,” said Col. Heywood, “let the sail- or division be consolidated and give the marines a gun or guns to themselves. This will promote economy in the navy, for there are now about 1,000 marines afloat assigned for the most part as sharpshooters. If they should be stationed at the guns that number of seamen would be immediately available for duty on the new ships fitting out, and it costs the government $69,584 less a’ year to pay 1,000 marines than it does to pay 1,000 satlors.” In response to questions by Representa- tive Money, Col. Heywood’s testimony was identical with the statement given in the interview printed above. He said the ma- rines as a general thirg manned the sec- ondary batteries on board ships to which they are detafled until the guns are taken away froin them. To je Secretary's Attention. “They are nearly always put there by the captain when first going on ship but are taken away afterward upon orders from the bureau of navigation, Navy Depart- ment,” said Col. Heywood. He also said that commanding officers of vessels of war would now always put marines where they would do the most good on board ship, if they were allowed to. It is understood that several gentlemen not connected with either branch of the naval service, but who are deeply interest- ed in its welfare, will call upon Secretary Herbert upon his return to Washington and lay the facts as stated above before hima for the purpose of having him issue an order increasing the discretion of ship commanders in the matter of assigning men to man the batteries and recommend- ing that the marines, upon showing their qualifications for such duty, be preferred in such assignment. It is claimed that in view of the unsettled condition of interna- tional affairs in the orient that American shipping interests demand a larger number of United States ships tn the Pacific, and that the question of whether seamen or marines should man the guns of vessels should not be allowed to prevent the plac- ing in commission of as many vessels as possible within the smallest time. ——.—__ Secretary Miyaoka Departs. Mr. Miyaoka, secretary of the Japanese legation, who has been transferred to duty at Berlin, has taken official leave of the officials of this government prior to sail- ing for Europe on Monday Our local artists are slowly returning from the various points of artistic interest throughout the country. Quite a number have spent their summer vacation abroad, “doing” the salons and exhibitions. Let- ters from these wandering artists have been most interesting. An extract from one, descriptive of the Royal Academy ex- Bibition in Burlington House, London, reads: “Whether better or worse than the con- tnental exhibitions, whether or not the English are more ford of the tradition than the so-called ‘gq of modern art,’ they are certainly unique and are not followers of any school or metkod. They are very insular and original. As to relative merit, their superiority in portraiture is not to be questioned, and in the conception and com- position of pastoral landscape they are marvelous. ‘Lhis may be easily accounted for by any one who has traveled through Devon or Warwickshire. “There is, as in all exhibitions, a great deal of ‘effort work,’ straining at the classic, or as Fuseli and Sir Joshua Rey- nolds used to call it, ‘the grand historical,’ composed of a little fair to middling draw- ing, with a most liberal dose of horrible color and no sentiment to speak of, but these are in the minority. In atmosphere the English landscapes are not so clear as those of the continent, but beyond that is the powerful factor that the English artist does not consider brilliancy at the ne plus ultra of any kind of painting. Rough, un- eympathetic and commonplace as John Bull may seem, Italian at heart, he is the most sentimental of people, and when he wants to see or paint a sentimental pic- ture he will sacrifice nothing .of his ideal for brilliancy, but will talk to his public in @ language they can understand, and they will Hsten to him, belleve in him and re- ward him as no other nation does. “There are many artists of excellent repu- tation here who are wholly unknown in America. Not only have they reputation, but they do good, honest work, and are so well taken care of by the English public, and obtain so much higher prices here than elsewhere that they, their reputation and their pictures, stay at home.” A note from Munich says: “The artistic secessionists in Munich have done much good in stirring up the old fogies and Philis- tines to better work. For most of the older artists this stirring up comes too late, but it helps the younger ones, who have dis- crimination. The old school was not wholly wrong. The new is not wholly right, but he who has the clearest discrimination, and the coolest head, is the artist of the future.” In describing the American collection of paintings at the Antwerp exhibition, Brus- sels, another artist writes: “As a national room the Americans carry off the prize, and as to a splendid average of work ex- hibited they are far ahead, except in land- scape. In this one school our best and strongest men were not represented at all.” Another letter, which will please the many friends end admirers of Mr. Sargeant, says: “The ‘Lunette’ of Mr. Sargeant’s 1s gorgeous, beyond criticism in every way, and should gladden the Bostonian heart.” The fresco referred to is intended for the public library of Boston, which is consid- ered one of the finest’ buildings in our SIE ea r. C. E. Messer has very recently re- turned to his home in Anacostia from a short visit to Virginia. Although his time there was limited, he has brought back a large number of rough, though very . interesting, studies and sketches. Of late he has been experimenting very successfully with the new tempera colors and expects to employ them in his future werk. When asked a notes of his summer's work the artist said: “There is really nothing to say ubou myself. I never have any episodes, get A good deal of wear and tear as the years go by, but nothing unusual ever happens to me. Iam on the sea there is never a storm. If I'm a roldier there is no war. I simply go on working, that's all. “My common habit is to work according to impulse at the time. What the ultimate outcome will be is quite as mysterious to me to ary strunger. These sketches are mere problems, presented by nature, which I am trying to solve or interpret. Artists who think they have to travel about to find these problems are terribly mistaken. A sincere artist has only to look from his window and he will find difficul- ties enough to cope with. I am speaking now of the serious probiems of nature and art which every artist is eager to investi- gate. If he wishes to paint a ‘picture’ he may, perhaps, have to go a few rods from his door. “I believe an artist should paint his own ideas and conceptions, regardless of outside criticism, and should these ideas and con- ceptions come into harmony with those of other people it is a successful picture. The all-essential thing is sincerity, and the artist makes a most serious mistake when he underestimates his public. The thing which decides the final verdict of a man’s work and professio1 ability is the gen- eral public, and as such an authority it should be respected.” Mr. Harold Macdonald has been hard at work in his studio all summer, and has to show for his industry some of the most interesting and successful canvases. A leisurely examination of this studio work shows the artist to the best possible ud- vantage, and confirms the predictions made several years ago by Mr. Macdonald’s friends and critics. Mr. Max Weyl has returned to the city and reopened his studio, but as yet has not unpacked his canvases, so that the re- sult of his summer campaign is more easily Imagined than described. Mr. Hobart Nichols has removed his studio from 17th and Pennsylvania avenue into the Lenman building. This is the first move of importance which the young ar- tist has accomplished since returning from Gloucester, Mass., where he spent several weeks, securing data for future work. Mr. Spencer Nichols remained in the city all summer, working on commissions from several periodicals for elaborate illus- trations. Mr. Viele set sail from Europe this af- ternoon. Mr. Wells M. Sawyer returned from Ocean City last Monday, after a two weeks’ visit in that picturesque little town. Mr. Richard N. Brooks left Europe on his homeward way last Wednesday, after spending the entire summer wandering through northern France and Holland. A large part of this trip was taken in com- pany with Mr. Parker Mann and his wife. The sketches procured during this trip will doubtless form a most interesting addition to the coming exhibitions. Mr. Edwin Lamasure, whose water color exhibitions attracted such favorable atten- tion last winter, has taken up quarters in the Metzerott building, in company with Mr. Emil Meyer. Both of these artists ex- pect to hold exhibitions of their work dur- ing the winter, and are working hard with that object in view. B. V. K. —_——__. Drowning E: Picnic. A sad accident occurred Thursday morn- ing near Beltsville, Md., which resulted in the drowring of Mildred Johnson of Front Reyal, Va. A party of young people were holding a picnic on the banks of the Old Point branch, when Miss Johnson was missed. After a search her body was found entangled in some brush about half a mile down the stream. The body was removed to Sunny Side and Jater taken to Front Reyal. oe A Doubt. From the Detroit Tribune. Minutes lengthered into hours and hours into days, but she came not. Friends told him she was faithless. But, sitting in the midst of his lonely home, he h oped. “She has eloped with another,” they urged. He shook his head. “Perhaps”— It was evident that he was arguing against his own -d convictions. “—— she is wal-iig for change some- ——__—_+02-—___ Aristocratic Women Smokers. M item found in an unidentified English clipping gives women smokers the advan- tage at least of aristocratic examples. “The Empress of Austria smokes thirty to forty ‘Turkish cigarettes every day. On her writ- ing table there is a silver box, with fine re- Mef work, filled with cigarettes, and a gold ash tray. The czarina also yields to the passion for nicotine, but she only smokes in her boudior. Her anxieties may plead her excuse; but Queen Marguerite of Italy, whose life is freer from care, smokes also, and smokes much, but always in solitude. The Queen Regent of Spain consumes Egyp- tian cigarettes in large quantities; ex-Queen Natalie of Servia has a great store of cigar- ettes of every kind; the Queen of Roumania carries a little golden box filled with the same means of delight, while the Comtesse is appreciates only the tobacco of and her daughter, the Queen of Portugal, gets her cigarettes from Dres- au BEAUMONT FOR CONGRESS The Labor Représsntative May Be Elected in Oklahoma. The “Shoemaker Orator” in Politics in the New Territory—Well- Known in This City. Among the hustling, wideawake business men of the territory of Oklahoma no man holds a higher place in the estimation of the people than does Mr. G. D. Bingham of Oklahoma City. At Willard’s last even- ings Mr. Bingham talked interestingly of his country, and his remarks anent the political situation there were of especial interest to the littlé group of department clerks and politicians With which he was surrounded. “Oklahoma,” said he, “like others of the far western states and terri- tories, is largely malle up of very progres- sive people, and they do not take kindly to the sort of politics.jwhich has for its center the great manufacturing districts of the extreme east.* Republicans in our country are of the*Blaine school of pro- tectionists, and thofoughly believe in pro- tecting labor from ‘competition with for- eigners on our own shofes as well as from the product of their labor at home. But they do no believe in protection run mad, as has seemed to be the disposition in the national republican party of recent years. The action of Senator Jones of Nevada is being duplicated by, men of more or less importance locally all over the territory, and it will not be surprising to see a rep- resentative of the people's party succeed Delegate Flynn in the next Congress. Mr. Flynn has been a hustler for his territory since he came to Washington, und is well liked at home among the rank and file of his party, but the populists have secured a strong foothold all over the routhwest, and have placed in nomination for delegate in Congress a man of national reputation es a labor orator and greenback stump speaker, and he will come very near reaching the capital when the ballots are counted. His name is Beaumont—Ralph Beaumont—and he publishes a popuiist paper called the Oklahoma State at Oklahoma City. He is now on the stump, and the enthusiasm with which he ts greeted over the territory in- dicates that he may be elected. Beaumont’s Work in W: mgton. Mr. Bir gham’s reference to the candidacy ‘of Mr. Ralph Beaumont for delegate in Congress has a local interest for Washing- tonians, For many years the general as- sembly of the Knights of Labo> was repze- sented in thi. city by a legislative commit- tee, which kept an eye on the doings of Congress as affecting the inter2sts of labor. Mr. Beaurront was the chairman of that committee, and had an office on Penneyl- vania avenue northwest near the Capitol. He is a shoemaker by trade, and left the bench in Richardscn’s factory in Elmira a few years ago to make the race for Congress as the greenback-labor candidate in that dis- trict. He carried his own county, but wa: of course, defeated in the district. Since that time he has spent most of his time in Washington when Congress was in session, and about three years ago established here @ paper called the National Citizens’ Al- Hance, which was later merged into the Na- tional Watchman, now published in Wash- ington and Alexandria as the official organ. of the national committee of the populist party. Beaumont is knowr favorably here and elsewhere az “the shoemaker orator,” and has been before the public many times in this city at industrial gatherings of all kinds. In a letter to a personal friend in Washington, received one day this week, Mr. Beaumont has this to say of the po- litical outlook in Oklahoma: “There are but two parties in the fight here this fall—the republica: and populists. The democrats have done so little, and done that so poorly, during their efforts of the last eighteen months of the Cleveland administration that the people in this country don’t want any more of it in theirs. And we populists believe the republicans are no better, and that they are controlled, body and soul, by the money power in Wall street. I am speaking every day, and all the meetings so far are so filled with enthusiasin as to greatly encourage me to believe that this terrjtory will next year be represented by Ralph Beaumont. I am not disposed to abuse Mr. Flynn he has done much for the territory; but he ts in the wrong party to represent the sentiments of the people in Oklahoma on national questions. Our peo- ple are ior the free coinage of silver, gov- ernment ownership of railroads and tele- graphs, a wiser system of taxation than that at present in operatton, and generally for re- form in the administragion of the affairs of government. And on these issues we are asking for judgment at the coming election. And we expect to win." ——~+es_____ WASTE OF FOOD BY AMERICA! fi-a® oy Our Careless’ Table Method: People From Europe Astonished by An English health journal expresses great surprise at the quantity of food eaten by American se<inst English laborers. It is very curiou- to see how different foods pre- ponderate in different industries. The tex- tile workers in Europe will have ninety-five pounds of meat per annum for every 100 units of consumption, or, say, a quarter of @ pound of meat a day, while steel workers indulge in 114 pounds for every 100 units. On the other hand, the weaver consumes more flour than the steel worker—275 pounds per 100 units instead of 208 pounds. He also takes about seventy-one pounds of sugar more per 100 units, and a dozen more eggs; of butter, lard and tea both take about the same, though both in tea and coffee the weaver a little exceeds the other. That is, in the calling which demands the greater muscular exertion,a greater amount of nitrogenous food is required. On the European continent the consump- tion of meat by workers ts much less than in Britain. Even the iron industry the German is little more extravagant than the English weaver, while the Frenchman con- sumes only 573-4 pounds and the Belgian 551-2 pounds. On the cther hand, the lat- ter consume more flour and eggs, more than twice as much of each. Their consumption of coffee, too, is large—l4 pounds and 19 pounds respectively, to the Englishman's 31-2 pounds; but it must also be taken in the reckoning that tea does not appear in their accounts. But all these figures pale before the statistics of food consumption in America. The Illinois iron worker manages to con- sume 393 pounds of meat per 100 units, and though this ts excessive, 206 1-2 pounds are put down as the average of Pennsyl- vania, 1973-4 pounds for Ohio, JS7 1-4 pounds for West Virginia and 155 pounds for ‘Tennessee. The average consumption of flour for the states is about 250 pounds, but voracious Illinois again comes to the fore with 366. pounds, and sugar, butter and eggs are everywhere more lavishly used than in Europe. Here, as in Europe, iron and steel industries are fourd to be more self-indulgent than any other trades, but the expenditure here is far above t! of even the most extravagant workers of Europe. Much of the food accounted for in these figures is actually consumed, but @ large margin must be allowed for what is wantonly destroyed, and when the his- tory of the waste of food products in the United States comes to be written it will contain some startling and not altogether pleasant reading. —coo—____. Boys Co-Operate in Farming. From the Cincinnati Enquirer. “An instance of successful co-operative farming came within my knowledge this summer,” said C. R. Sayre. “Yen boys, ranging from twelve to eighteen years of age, made a compact to farm forty acres. They rented the land near Chicago and went to work with a will. Each week a boy was chosen to have charge, and every one of the othe:s Was hound to obey him in everything. In this way each one was boss for a part of the time, and there were no clashes. They raised early truck, and have already cleared enough to pay them hand- somely, in spite its being a dry year. Expenses and receipts are equally divided, and if one shows a disposition to shirk his work, he is ducked under a pump, and only two of them have had to be treated that way. , —Heoe— Ex-Mayor Brown of Annapolis Dead. James H. Brown; general manager of the Annapolis, Washington and Baltimore rail- road, died yesterday, after an illness of sev- eral months. He was elected mayor of An- napolis for three te! going out of office about one year aga N THE CHURCHES The Methodists of this city and Baltimore have planned for a pilgrimage during the month of October over some of the histor- ical grocnd near Baltimore, which is rich in acsociations of the early days of Methodism. This historical journey will take place on Friday, October 12, starting from Baltimore, to which place the Methodists of this city will go over in a body. On the evening pre- ceding the pilgrimage, October 11, a mass meeting will be held in the Madison Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church of Baltimore. Addresses will probably be delivered by Dr. J. M. Buckley and Dr. Steele of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church South. From Balti- more the party will go by rail to Westmin- ster, where the first Methodist college was established, and from there on in carriages to Stone Chapel, Evans, Bethel and Straw- bridge, all places of historical interest in Methodism. From Strawbridge they will go to New Windsor, where they will again take the cars and return to Baltimore. Consider- able interest is being manifested in this pilgrimage, and, it is thought, that a large number will go from this city. The building of the new house of worship ef the Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church on 4th street southeast, of which Rev.M.F.B. Rice is the pastor, has been postponed until July next. The new edifice will be erected at ~ corner of 5th and C streets south- east. Rev. Mr. Richards, the rector of St. Mark's Protestant Episcopal Church, at 3d end A streets southeast, was expected to return today from his vacation, Rev. George O. Little, the pastor of the Assembly Presbyterian Church, since his return to the city, has once more taken up all the pastoral duties, but no Sunday even- ing preaching services will be held in the church until the Ist of October. The Sun- day school of the church will observe Sep- tember 30 as “rallying day,” as has been recommended for the Presbyterian churches all over the country. On that day an effort will be made to have all the scholars, and all the former scholars present and to begin the winter’s work with as large an attend- ance as possible. Dr. S. M. Newman, the pastor of the First Congregational Church, corner of 10th and G streets northwest, is not expected to re- turn until the last part of this month. The Zion Baptist Church, on F street southwest, heid its thirtieth anniversary last Sunday, celebrating the occasion with specially interesting services, which were largely atended. Addresses were made by Rev. W. J. Robinson, Rev. J. A. Taylor, Rev. R. V. Peyton and Rev. W. J. Howard, *he pastor. Xs Dr. R. H. McKim, the rector of the Epiph- any Protestant Episcopal Church, on G street between 13th and 14th streets north- West, is expected to return and take up his work again the latter part of the month. Rev. Dr. A. G. Rogers of the Church of Our Father (Universalist), corner of 13th and L streets northwest,returned last Thurs- day from a pleasant summer spent in Massachusetts and Vermont, and will re- open the church for the season tomorrow. The Sunday school of the Church of the Redeemer, on Capitol Hill, opens tomorrow afternoon. The pulpit of the Metropolitan Presbyte- rian Church, corner of 4th and B streets southeast, is again filled by its pastor, Dr. Luccook, who arrived in the city last week from his vacation in Indiana, bringing on his family, consisting of his wife and five interesting children. —_—_ A PENNY PARTY. From the Philadelphia Times. A “penny party” recently announced by a town hostess for the passing of an even- ing proved to the curious invited to be but @ pleasant disguising of that old list of two and twenty questions, the answers to which are to be found upon the penny of com- merce. The bidden guests having arrived, to each one was given a large folded card, with a delicate decoration of violets. To the top of the card, by means of a tiny lavender ribbon running through a hole bored for the purpose, was attached a bright penny. On the card was a list of two and twenty questions, and a pencil having been pro- vided, the instructions were to find the ar- ticles mentioned in this list by the scrutiny of the penny, the answers to be written opposite to each question. An hour was granted for the solving, at the end of which time the cards were checked off, and prizes consisting of some trifles prepared by the hostess were awarded to the most and least successful guesser. A list of the questions, with answers, is appended: Name of animal. +e Kame of a flower. Name of a fruit. Part of a hill. A marriage term. A mode of voting. A weapon... A mode of correction. An ancient reward. Union of youth and ok Part of a vegetable. An early settler. What we love A portion of land. A beverage..... A kingly possession What our forefathers fought The Imperturbable Nurse. From Good Words. When a woman looks upon bodily suffer- ing every day and all day, year after year, it is impossible for her to be affected in the same way at the thousandth spectacle or scream of pain she was at the first. Those who live near a loudly striking clock fail to notice it at last, though their ears have not grown dull of hearing. So the perpetual sight of sickness and dis- ease, especially when accompanied by an effort to repress emotion, must blunt the impulsiveness of sympathy. But, in fact, the quietly perceptive eyes of the trained nurse are far more likely to see what is the matter with the patient than those of the keenest inexperienced spectator, and she placidly “spots” his needs (which she re- lieves), while the other is sincerely profuse in his or her expressions of condolence. Real concern at the pain of another is apt to evaporate if the bottle of sympathy is allowed to remain uncorked. Thus, the good nurse, checking the bub- bles of tenderness and compassion, is set upon tending the sufferer, while others only tell him how sorry they are to see him in pain, ———-+e+ Vase of Gold. From the Athenaeum. The department of Greek and Roman an- tiquities, British Museum, has quite re- cently secured by purchase one of the choicest examples of ancient art in solid gold which even that great collection pos- sesses. 't is a vase of this metal in its purest condition, without sculptures, meas- uring nearly eight inches in height, about four inches in diameter, and in shape most like a pelice when deprived of its handles. It is of Roman origin, perhaps of the period of Augustus. An inscription on the bottom of the vessel indicates that its weight nearly corresponds to two pounds troy of the modern scale. It was lately found by a sponge diver in the sea off the Island of Samos, and may be all that remains of a wreck which occurred there nearly 2,000 years ago. a Renovating Candy. From the Boston Transcript. A machine has been patented “to clean and put in eatable shape” any kind of con- fectionery. It is doubtful if anything could have been devised which would be more ap- preciated by the patrons of the old confec- tfionery women on the corners. Take your antique gumdrops, for instance, and throw them into the vibrating sieve of the ma- chine. This sieve ts concave and lined with a brush that is something between a carpet sweeper and a squirrel’s tail. Running lengthwise of the sieve and ‘ing a sweep- ing motion is a ‘ong brush made of the finest bristles. The body of this brush is hollcw, and by means of a blow fan on top, & blast of air is forced between the bristles on the goods. There is now no reason why candy should not be renovated like feather beds. —--—-- 204 In the White Mountains. From Life. Fashionable invalid- fever, you know.” Irascible bachelor—“Well, you've got it, haven't you?” . “I came here for hay PETS OF THE PUBLIC Washington High School Cadets Anrious for School to Begin. A CORPS OF HIGH CHARACTER History of the Organization of Which Washington is So Proud. PROSPECTS OF THE NEW YEAR ‘There are certain pupils of the Washing- ton public schools who are awaiting the re- opening on Monday next, after the summer vacation, with a surprising degree of eager- ness. Strange as it may seem, it is, never- theless, true, Those referred to are the young men who will compose, during the coming school year, the regiment of Wash- ington High School Cadets. It is an honor to be connected with such a famous organi- zation, and the great majority of the boys fully appreciate that fact. The desire of a number of the young sol- diers for an early reorganization of the regiment is augmented by the knowledge that they are among thc list of eligibles who will wear shoulder straps instead of chevrons, and carry glistening swords in place of rifles. Then there are those who heretofore have worn plain coat siceves. During the coming year corporals’ and per- haps sergeants’ chevrons will distinguish them from the privates. Again, there are those who will taste for the first time the joys of High School life as first years. They anticipate with pleasure and sup- pressed excitement the introduction to a four-year course of military drill. An Additional Company Expected. Both old cadets and recruits will be glad to know that an effort is to be made this year to increase the number of companies composing the regiment from nine to ten. It is proposed to have three companies at the Eastern High School instead of two. This will make a regiment of two five-com- pany battalions. from the second battalion, and will, in con- junction with the four companies at the Central High School, be known as the first battalion. The second battalion will consist of the three companies at the Eastern High School and the two companies at the Busi- ness High School. The colonel of the regiment will be a Central High School boy, but it is thought that this year the lieutenant colonel will be appointed from the Eastern High School. One major will come from the Central High School, and the probability is that the other will be a Business High School youth. As it is not known as yet what former pupils will not return to school, it is an impos- sibility to predict with any degree of cer- tainty who will wear the shoulder straps. The regiment for the coming year is to be organized on Monday afternoon, October 1, and will immediately settle down to steady work. The examination in tactics of can- didates for commission is booked to occur about October 10, and it will be several weeks later before the appointments are announced. Major Burton R. Ross and Mr. Luther H. Reichelderfer will, of course, serve as mili- tary inetructors of the cadets. Excellence of the Organization. No organization connected with the High School system of Washington has broucht half so much fame to it as the High School Cadet Corps. This organ‘zction hes, by hard and conscientious work, acquired a fume for itself which will be handed down from mouth to mouth for ages to come. The citizens of Washington and the stu- dents and alu wai of tLe Washington High Schools are pre-eminently proud of “the | best drilled body of boys in the country.” The High School is able to turn out at the end of each school year a body of well-drilled, proficient young soldiers, who may be expected to hold their own against the finest drillers hailing from any of the other military schools of the United Staies. It may safely be said that the Washington High School Cadets aave proved themselves the equal of any with whom they have ever come in contact. In almost every case where this organization, the regulars and the militia have come together the cadets have taken the shine off of every- thing else. This was the case at the ni tional encampment several years ago; it | Was observed at the parades in honor of | the Pan-American congress, and, later, of the patent centennial. Aside from this, ; the drill by companies each year for the prize flag demonstrates conclusively that every individual member of the corps is proficient in the use of the rifle. Fr rably Known Everywhere. To a certain extent the boys have ac- quired a national reputation. Through the “High School Cadets’ March” they have become known in every city and town in the land. At Cornell University the very fact that one has belonged to the cadets is sufficient to secure an excellent appoint- ment at some time during the freshman year. The members of the corps are eager- ly welcomed to the military colleges of the ecentry. The fall of 1882 witnessed the organiza- tion of this well-trained body of soldiers by the principal of the school, Mr. Paul. Two companies were formed in that year, under the command of Captains Smith and Ayers. After much difficulty enough old German rauskets wire procured to suffice one com- pany, hence the two companies were obliged to alterrate in using them. When one company had tke guns the other weat through the foot movements, and vice versa. However discouraging this state of affairs might have been the ardor of the boys was not daunted. Two full uniformed companies were fermed the next year, and one hundred Springfield Cadet rifles were borrowed from the government for their use. W. H. Shoales was appointed major in command, and the battalion made such remarkable progress that the next year, when Major Sohon was appointed, an ad- ditional loan of ‘ifty rifles was secured and a battalion of four companies was or- anized. e The limited number of rifles secured greatly prevented the development of the battalion, as far as size was concerned, but the great competition now necessarily produced by the rush for places led to a much greater uniformity of individual fit- ness. In 1889 twenty-five nore rifles were obtained and every gun was assigned. Continued Progress of the Corps. In 1886 the battalion was in good running order and that year made marvelous pro- gress under Major La Fetra. Since then, during the successive commands of Majcrs Stewart, Fishback, Barden and Lawyer, Lieut. Cols. Moore and Reichelderfer and Cols. ReichelSerfer and Skinner, the corps has achieved a reputation for steadiness and soldierly bearing, of which any body of veterans ia the country might well be proud. With the advent of the school year of 1890-1891, and of the branch schools, a larger organization than ever before was necessary, so that the usiness and Capitol Hill schools might be representel. Ac- cording! the battalion was enlarged to six companies, under the command of a leutenant colonel. New guns and ac- couterments were procured in sufficiently large numbers to accommodate all appli- cants. Since then the Western school has come into existence, and with it another company, while last year the Eastern and Business schools each furnished two com- panies, instead of one, making in all @ regiment of nine companies, under the command of a colonel. The first public appearance of the cadets was in 188%, when a picked company par- ticipated in the G. A. R. parade. The pres- ent custom of an annual exhibition drill was instituted in 1884, and has been main- tained ever since. The custom of having @ company competitive drill each year on one of the large stages of the city had al- ways been kept until last yea’ id many have seen the exciting contests witnessed there, New Departure in Drilling. Two entirely new features were intro- duced last year in the way of drills. The company competitive drill war n: held on a stage, but occurred at the National Base Ball Park, in order to illustrate the fcot movements, as well as the manual of arms. The second inrovation was the final exhibition on the White Lot about the middie of June; a drill, which, by the use bilan was & great success. 4 Yieh School boy, om entering the first year class, if he wishes to become a cadet, must sign an enlistment paper, pledging himself to adhere to the rules and regula- tions controlline the regiment, the only €x- cuse for leaving being dismissal or physi- cal disability. When this has been done, he and his fellow recruits are formed into squads, under the charge of the senior ca- dets, and are immediately put through a series of exercises to develop their muscles, Preparatory te the harder work of the drill with rifles After the excitement of the appointments is cver the cadets settle down to hard work, both in the foot movements by battalion and company and in the manual of arms. The setting up exercises are continued throughout the term, at first occupying one-half hcur at the beginning and close of Grill, and then only fifteen minutes at tae opening. The object of these exercises is 10 create an erect and soldierly bearing among the cadets, Drill Monday and Thursday, commencing at 2 o'clock and closing at 4'o’clock. Scholarship, geportment, mark in drill, tactical knowledge, ability to command, physique, and, in fact, everything, is taken inte careful consideration by the military committee in making the appointments. The regiment has now become a fixture ia the Washington High School, and with the steady increase and growth each year, the organization bids fair to rival, if not excel, any other cadet regiment in the Cuited States. It has already been remarked that in érill the High School Cadets rank next to West Point. With such spurs to tieir ambition — wonder that the in- structors and are of taking even capable raw recruits in the fall, and in the producing a drill which calis forth merited praise and commendation ofdcers of the army. ENGLAND'S POSTAL SYSTEM. Conclusions Reached Postmaster Dayton of New York. Postmaster Dayton of New York, who has been making a study of the postal sys- tem of England, is opposed to a govern- ment postal telegraph. Said he to a report- ¢r who interviewed him in London the oth- er day: “It has never seemed to me that the as- sumption of the telegraph business by the government in America was a practical measure. I think so less than cver now, since I have come in contact with British. experience on the subject. As you know, they lose heavily here on the postal tele- graph branch of the department. This is largely due, I am told, to the extremely un- favorable bargains the authorities were to make with the railroads when they took the lines out of whe railroads’ poesession. “Not only was the price paid very high, but obligations to transmit railroad mes- sages free were incurred, which now, with the enormous and then unlookel-for in- crease of railroad business, simply eat the heart out of any possible profits on general press messages aiso, I am informed, represeat an clement of ioss. I see no reason to suppost that our government would be able to make any better bargains with the own:rs of our tele- graph lines, or that our newspapers wouid be treated with jess tion than they are here. Nor do I discover that the gen- eral public here obtains any conspicuous advantage over us in the matter of tele- graph service by the fact of goverament ownership. “Twelve cents for twelve words to any point in the three kingdoms is, of course, very cheap, but out of these twelve words you must deduct the name and address to begin with, and in the second place you must remember that the territory covered by this uniform rate is relatively email, and hand, in the tunnels of her und. a railway system, which spreads like a apie der’s web all over, or, rather, under, the ene eye es So I should have e would have start experi- ment before this.” waienas idea, of course “Touching the civil service the difference which existed between Eng- ‘e Postmaster, thought- my admiring attention. It is hard for an American to realize how complete- ly the notion of Partisanship, offensive or Gefensive, has been eradicated from the civil service here. The postmaster general itician, who retires with Mr. Morley, he has But think of it! the postal service of Great Britain, not to 4 seat in the cabinet. Out of the 125,000 men in cor ans 1600 women, only individual whose tenure of place can be affected by any political change. “I have devoted some time to investigat- ing this particular question. 1 haven't found a case in which any of the others: he is positively the seem to have any sharp political inions: at all. Of course they are perfectly free to hold party views, and I find some of my friends among them belonging to politi cal clubs, equivalent to the Manhattan or Union League at home, but of aggressive partisanship I can’t discover a trace. It isn’t that they dissemble it; they «imply don't feel it—don’t know what It is. “Our examinations of candidates for ap- pointments as carriers and clerks are far jess rational ani sensible than tney are here. The British exammations are on a practical basis cf differentiation. They as- sume that the bottom of the ladder dif- fers from tts top, and they provide for a flow but eure eS a, in tal knowledge from very mentary in- nings. “We, on the other hard, make the mis- take of demanding all sorts of irrelevant acquiremerts in candidates for minor places, which would still be more ornamen- tal thar useful to them if they were as- piring to the highest posts in the service. ——_—_. Her Interview With the Tiger. From the Lewiston Journal. Not long ago a Brockton man received his monthly pay envelope containing $125. This should have gone to lift a mortgage on his home, but it didn’t, for instead of going home to his the man went to Boston and lost it all in a faro game. Then he got beastly drunk and went home. When he up enough to tell his wife what had ed she started at once for Bos- ton. Getting her bearings, she struck out for the faro den, and finally secured admit- tance to the innermost den of the tiger. Once here che made things so hot for the Proprietors that three days later they gladly settled with her for 800. The man will play no more faro, the mortgage is lifted and it has been demonstrated that the uger is no match for the lady. — _— Luxury in America. Gilbert Parker in the St. James Gazette. I believe, apart from hot breads and ice waters, that Americans have more luxury, man for man, than we have, and know how to be comfortable as well as ourselves. That they enjoy life as well all round t* enother thing. They are a nervous people and they must be gadding; they are mentally active— shall 1 say electrical?—and they must be worrying themselves: and a certain class would be less dyspeptic if they took more time to eat, ate at home and swore uff from ple, pickles, green tea, preserves and cock- tails. But then a certain class of English- men would be better if they drank less beer and came later to “the of saturation.” Also we may as well take home to ourselves the fact that the average intelligence is higher in America than here, as in Aus- —-—— e*______ In consideration of $10,000, Samuel 8. Hoover and wife have con’ to the District lots 9 and 10. square