Evening Star Newspaper, September 1, 1894, Page 14

14 — THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 1, 1894—EIGHTEEN PAGES. —_— — FRENCH SCHOOLS Conducted on the System Established by the Great Napoleon. HOW THEY EAT, SLEEP AND STUDY The Military Principle Governs the State Schools. é succes epaaie THE COURSE OF STUDY secheeeciipiiasinsits Sgecial Correspondence of The Evening Star. PARIS, August 14, 1894. HE FRENCH PO- tache is something 23 which we have not in America. He is only ® boy, anywhere from six to sixteen years of age. But he is at ence High School boy, collegian and university student from the beginning. In France unless a oung man has been a “potache” he can = all his life be nothing except a shop clerk or a day laborer. He ¢annot be a physician or a horse doctor, or @ druggist’s clerk, a notary or a full- fledged advocate, an army officer or a civil engineer, or even a school teacher or a re- sponsible agent of commerce, unless he has Passed the proper university examinations With the autumn, when the school vaca- tion is over, the pota in appears on the Paris streets. He walks along of an afternoon, with twenty or more of his fel- lows, all in dark caps and close-fitting A Professor. uniforms, with bright buttons, marching fm ranks, with a grown man in tall hat and Diack coat to accompany them. They are the boys from the lycees and colleges of the city, and half of them are boarders in the school, even when their parents live in the street around the corner. Al School. “When the boy is nine or ten years old, and Bometimes even younger, his parents take him to th school door, with his trunk full f the clothes which the school requires of Bll its boarders—the state schools demand gix cotton nightcaps with the rest. The out of sight into the great, ding, and there he remains for next eight or ten years of his life. Ex- Ready for Work. eept for the walks with his schoolmates imto the city, he can go out only once or twice a month, and then only when some one of his family comes to bring him, and ut for a few hours of the daytime. He has a short vacation at the New Year and g@nother at Easter, and the months of August and September. This will be all his life with his family until he is a young man. Then he will be likely to go up to geome special school of the university to Jearn his particular profession. As likely as mot he will again be in some boarding in- @titution, but this time no black-coated man Up, Boy, Up! will accompany him on his walks, and he will have almost unlimited liberty. At this Tater period of his existence he is known as @ “bachot,” or one who is about receiving or has just gained his bachelor’s degree, in Qreparation for the highter schools. Napoleon's Idea. Meanwhile the potache ts living in a little #chool world, with hundreds of others like himself, under a kind of military drill in a kind of barracks. When the time comes for him to do his military service he feels mo great change in doffing the uniform of the school boy for that of the soldier. All this is the triumph of the idea of the great Napoleon, who invented this system of @ducation. He said that school should pre- e for life; and, as he wished his French- ‘en to live as soldiers, the schools of the state were organized as barracks. They have been made more comfortable of late rs, but even now an American boy Weuid shrink from the hard seats, the se food, the little beds in a long row, hin hospital wards, and the constant il and regulation of every action of a Not a Pleasant Position. In only one of the Paris colleges—the Rollin, which is owned by the city—do the Potaches have separate rooms, and that ty during the night. For all the exercises of the day—for play as well as for study and class—they have to be together, bound by rules and regulations, and beneath the eye of some teacher or “pion.” The latter is the man with the tall hat and black coat who accompanies them on their walks. His Position is not pleasant. He is the “pain- sufferer” (souffre-douleur) of the college, Ly %, Vacation Ended. often enough a poor bachot, who thus earns his living while preparing’ his own exam- inations for the higher schools of the uni- versity. His name of “pion” is sald to have been “abbreviated by the boys from the word “espion” (spy). Some of the greatest men in France have passed through this ordeal in their university career. Pasteur was for three years a pion in a boarding college, and Daudet has written a whole book to explain the mystery of his own life in that occupaticn. But in the main it is accepted as a part of the military scheme of education. Regularly the potaches sleep in long dor- mitories with rows of cot beds, one after the other, as in a hospital ward. A light turned low burns all night long next to the little compartment where the pion, who is to keep order, has his bed. In the morn- ing a serving-man goes up and down be- tween the rows of beds, beating a devil of 1 He Cooked a Sparrow. a tatoo on a drum. In the private schools it is usually a harsh-tongued bell which is sounded, and a few years ago the bell was substituted for the drum in the colleges of the state. But either it was not so ef- fective, or some clerical influence was sup- posed to lurk in the innovation, and the French university brought back ‘the drum in triumph. Five minutes after this first signal the pion goes about, clapping his hands and threatening with punishment the poor potache who has turned over for an- other wink. It ts before 6 o’clock in the summer and little after in winter. Study Before Breakfast. Hurrying on their clothes all rush to the rows of washbasins along the walls. These are now big enough to plunge the head into. But until twenty-five years ago there were only faucets over a zinc trough, where generations of French students stood catch- ing the trinkling water in their hands to scrub their faces. Sometimes the pl froze and they must hold a candie under neath to thaw them out, or, what was bet- ter still, go without washing for a day. Even now there is never a fire in the sleep- ing rooms, no matter how cold the winter. All the new colleges have complete bath rooms, which may be used at stated times, but not in the morning. Then there are long rows of foot baths, which must be used at regulation seasons, when the boys are marched up to them in squads. From the dormitories the students pro- ceed in ranks down the staircase to the study room for an hour over their books on an empty stomach. Then they march out, always in ranks, to the “refectory” or great dining room, where they stand before the tables until all are ready and the word of A Fencing Lesson. command fs given to sit down. What they sit down to fs, in the state schools, a warm broth, which’ may indifferently be called soup or potage or puree. The potache usu- ally styles it dish water. With this he washes down a piece of dry bread. As a great innovation of late years, a bowl of coffee and milk is given on Thursdays and chocolate on Sundays. In the religious and any of the private schools the bowls of cafe au lait always form the staple of this first breakfast. Until a few years since in the military schools no regular first break- fast was given, but the cadets had a hunk of bread,which they ate in the play grounds h the help of water from the pump. me people still think it was a good thing, because it hardened them and kept their stomachs clean. ating by the Clock. For the second breakfast or lunch, which is really the potache’s dinner, toward 12 or 1 o'clock, great improvements have also been made of late years. The students sit by tens at the different tables. One of them is named for a week at a time by the “surveillant” to serve. The dish is brought on, with ten equal portions already divided. If'any complaint is made that the server has shown partiality in distributing the bet- ter pieces, he loses his place in disgrace. If every one is satisfied, he may be renomi- nated. The students’ may keep on their caps in the dining room, which is not sur- prising, seeing there is no fire. Nowadays, also, they are allowed to talk at meals, But until the recent innovations of the comfort-loving republic they had to listen as they ate to the reading of some improv- ing book. When the students are seated the survelllant—a pion who watches over order during meals—calls out, “Serve the first dish.” After a few minutes he calls out again, “Serve the abondance.” This is hay I The Dining Room. & great bottle of a httle red wine coloring a deal of water. It is served second to vent the potache from drinking perry te eats. This is the prescription c] hygienic scl Just an tes ere survelliant calid bul pa Mg the second dish.". The time given for eat- ing varies according to the nature of the Gish. If it is artichokes or fish, five or ten minutes more are given than for plain boiled meat. Lately, in many of the city colleges, a second dish of meat has been added, besides the vegetables. During their long hours of study and class (from four to five hours of the latter each day) the scholars are applied to the matters on which they will be questioned by the state examiners at the end of the year. The march of modern improvements in the study hall has not been favorable to the potache’s peace of mind. They now sit in rows at long tables, consisting simply of @ polished board placed on iron supports. They are in full view of the surveillant, and cheir books and treasures have to be kept in upright cupboards along the wall. In the old times, when each boy had his Portion of a great deep desk, with a lid to close his compartment, he had a little do- main of his own, which might contain everything, from his Latin dictionary to @ cage of white mice. More than once a sparrow, killed in playtime, has been cook- ed in a tin cup over a candle-end, without the master being the wiser. In the new system the eyes of the potache’s mates are more terrible even than those of the pion. When he opens his cupboard all can see the All in a Row. pot of preserves, which his mother has sent to console him; and the bully of the crowd will whisper threateningly to him, as he passes back with his dictionary to his place at the table—Passe-moi-z-en.”” Then the Playhouse. In his playtime the potache is confined to the school yard, surrounded on all sides by the buildings. Of late years great provi- sion has been made for perfect gymna- siums, but the boys seem to prefer simply to run and shout about the yard like caged birds. The boys of different ages are kept carefully separate in different yards. At this time, also, lessons in accomplishments, such as dancing and fencing, and even box- ing, may be taken. Those who set out to prepare for the military schools must take fencing lessons, and they begin at a sur- prisingly early age to use the foils and mask. In general, in their play, French beys have not the athletic games made much of in Anglo-Saxon countries. This does not, however, prevent their having a great deal of strength and address. For nearly all have regular practice in gymnas- tics, which are very popular, in a cut and dried way. Simply, they do not often mix their athletics with their games; or rather, they have few games. With nightfall dinner comes, differing from lunch in little except the lukewarm Water soup, with which it is begun. After- ward, there is a bit of playtime in the yard, when there is light enough, or in winter the boys are allowed to read their story books in peace. These are in great measure made up of translations from such English au- thors as Mayne Reid. The French novelists, with the exception of Jules Verne and a few others, are rightly considered too stiff reading, even for the Parisian potache. STERLING HEILIG. STATUESQUE FEET. Suggestions to the Woman Wants Feet Like Trilby's, From the New York World. Ever since Mr. Du Maurier began to hold the graceful feet of Trilby up to public ad- miration the desire for equally beautiful ones has been growing in the hearts of Mr. Du Maurter’s readers. Women have gone about gazing enviously at the feet of marble goddesses when they were in the vicinity of such, and still more enviously at the plump pink pedal extremities of children playing in the water and on the grass. They have felt almost equal to laying aside high heels and pointed toes for the sake of acquiring feet “all made up of delicate lengths and subtly modulated curves and noble straight- nesses and happy little dimpled arrange- ments in innocent pink and white,” a: Trilby’s maker put it. However ardently they may desire it the unfortunate daughters of this generation may not go barefoot after the fashion of innocent childhood, nor may they wear sandals like the Greeks, nor moccasins like the Indians. They must do what they can with the shoes at their disposal. In the first place, if there are unsightly growths, irregularities or swellings of the feet, a pedi- cure must be consulted and the feet treated. If the skin is hard on the soles or heels it may be softened by repeated soakings in hot water and the wearing of soft stock- ings and shoes. To keep the feet in good condition they must, of course, be washed every day in tepid water. Then they should be gently massaged and rubbea with good tole, water. The nails shoul! be cut level with the toes, but no shorter Shoes too short or too tight, and shoes too long or too wide all produce corns. Hard leather also rubs against and hardens the skin. So do “darns” of any dimensions in stockings. It is necessary to wear smooth stockings and easily fitting boots, with low heels, to obtain and retain a well- shaped foot. Who ————+ee______ THE DRAPING OF CURTAINS, ire as Much Art to Costly. From the New York Times. The question of how to drape curtains is an important one. One artist said: “Ev. erything should hang straight at the sides. Another favored festoons and ends, or, in technical parlance, “sways and tails,” and a third favored “draped lambrequins,” However the artistic eye may design a particular drapery there is one great, im- portant fact, too sfightingly treated by many housekeepers. ‘That ts, perfection in hanging. A draper is just as exact in measuring and placing the curtain as the carpenter is in hanging his door. A little cut of plumb means any amount of trouble. An uneven folding means crooked, un- sightly hanging to the drapery and sag- ging or “skew” to the very best part of the room's decoration. For are not win- dows open pictures? Are they not the eyes of a room, and therefore in need of careful treatment? The poorest stuff requires quite as much, if not more, care in hanging than very rich, heavy goods. A professional curtain hanger ‘confesses that he dreads having to hang curtains once placed by un- trained hands. He knows how he will find them—stretched, crooked and out of shape. Every measurement should be perfectly true, and when once put in place no pains should be spared to keep the folds hanging as they were meant to hang. A portierre which is swished back and forth, pushed here, pulled there, by children or elders either, soon becomes a blemish rather than @ decoration in a room, unless it has been firmly hung and is frequently arranged. SSE Raa Written for The Evening Star. Horatian Lyric. I Once I heard a poet singing: “Life is short and death is certain; ‘Why should mortals be so senseless As to waste their days in sadness? “Burely pleasure, by wise Nature Was intended for all creaturs Not alone for brutes unthinking, Insects, reptiles, birds and fishes m. And a sage, too, thus asserted ‘The same doctrine Epicurean: “Joy 1s, truly, the condition And design of all existence. “Men are foolish, serving merely Lowest passions, gold up-heaping; Here but little may suffice them, ‘Taught by reason their true welfare.’ m1. Go the poet, light wine quaffing, Crowned with roses, sang—I listening; So the wise man, in his study, Nature's wide hall, spake—I heard him. Health, not riches; joy, not sadness, Grant to me, ye gods immortal! Grant the power of song, ye Muses! Grant, Minerva, some slight wisdom! —W. L. SHOEMAKER. Purely Vegetable And perfectly harmless 19 Stonebraker's Indian Gam Eyrop. Ye aut ce gay at diarrhoea, Srna SERVICE DOCTORS Places Open for Young Physicians in the Army and Navy. LITTLE WORK 70 00, WITH HIGH PAY Liberal Allowances for Lodging, Fuel, Lights and Travel. ee SS ag THE TREASURY PHYSICIAN Written for The Evening Star. IGHTEEN DESIRA- places in the army and navy are present vacant and open to young men in civil life, who desire employ- ment. Political in- fluence has nothing whatever to do with the appointments; the most meritorious ap- plicants will be se- lected without regard for any other con- sideration, Diplomas from recognized medi- cal colleges must be exhibited by candidates for these positions, which are those of phy- sicians in Uncle Sam's service. There are ten vacancies in the army and eight in the navy. Doctors in the Navy. These situations are obtainable by ps ing a gvod examination merely. The suc- cessful applicant at once receives his com- mission. In the navy his sea pay from the start is $1,700 a year. At the end of three years he becomes a passed assistant sur- geon and draws $2,000 per annum. After two years more have elapsed his emolument is raised to $2,200, Having gone through the grade mentioned, he becomes a surgeon, and his remuneration is steadily lifted, until at the end of twenty years of service it reaches $4,200. A position of this kind is reaily much more desirable in many ways than that of a line officer in the navy. The pay is de- cidedly better, and there is comparatively little work to do. The doctor on boara of a ship of war has no watch to keep. His sole responsibility is for the health of ofli- cers and crew. The sanitary regulations of the vessel are under his charge. When she goes into port it is his duty to receive the health officer and answer questions. Under his direction is the ship's dispensa but the medicines are cary on board. The proper course to pursue in trying to get one of these places is to write to the Secretary of the Navy for permission to ar before the naVal examining board. pplicant must state in his own hand- writing his age, birthplace and residence, also inclosing letters ¥youching for his good habits and moral character. He must be of sound health and betweea twenty-one and twenty-six years‘old. Having passed put up by an apothe- the examination, ~ he is commissioned as assistant surgeon, and is ordered to the naval laboratory at New York. There be stays four month: is instructed in his Having become fs requirements of a physician In the nav he is ordered to a regeiving ship for six months. ‘Then he is sent on his first cruise, and spends a couple of years at sea. Three years after the date ‘of his admission to the service he is examined for promotion to the grade of passed assistant surgeon. There are ninety avsistants and passed as- sistants on the lst. On reaching the top of this list he must wait until there ts a vacancy before he can become a full-fledged surgeon. There are fifty surgeons. After passing through the grade of sur- geon he becomes a medical inspector. He then occupies the dignified position of phy- sician of a fleet usually, with headquarters on board of the flagship. There are fifteen such inspectors. Finally the navy doctor becomes a medical director. There are fit- teen medical directors in the service. Oc- casionally they are superintendents of hos- pitals. They are not expected to go to sea. At sixty-two years of age they retire on three-fourths of their highest sea pay for hfe. ring Which time he The Army Medical Service. A young man who wants to be an ermy doctor must write to the Secretary of War for permission to appear for examination before the army medical board, inclosing documents similar to those required for the navy. He must be in sound health, of good character, a graduate in medicine,and between twenty-two and twenty-eight years of age. The board meets in April and Oc- tober, at dates of which notice Is given in the medical journals. The examination in- cludes morals, habits, physical and mental qualifications, and so many branches of knowledge that to pass is by no means easy. For example, it is expected that the applicant shall be acquainted with the rudiments of geology and botany, and he must know something about history. That is the chief reason why so many candidates for these positions in the army and navy fail. They are apt not to realize that more is expected of them than a krowledge of medicine. A physician in the navy—and the same remark applies to the other branch of the service—ought to be a first-rate all-round man, generally well in- formed. In time of war there Is no telling bow great a responsibility might fall upon him. Having passed the examination suce fully, the young man receives his commis- sion as assistant surgeon,with relative rank of tirst lieutenant. Then he goes to school for four months at the Army Medical Mu- seum at Washington, where officers of high rank act as instructors, assisted by civilian professors of bacteriology and other branches. At the end of that time, during which he acquires a knowledge of the spe- cial duties required of him in the servic he is assigned, for a while, to some milita Post as a junior. From that period his as- signments of duty alternate between fron- tier posts and more desirable stations in the east, and meanwhile he rises steadily through the grades. The pay of assistant surgeon fs $1,600. At the end of five years he is promoted to the rank of captain and gets $2,200, After ten years he receives $2,400 and after fifteen years $2,600. On Spataine his majority his is lifted to $3,250, and after y remuneration twenty years of service it is raised to $3,500, There are 125 assistant surgeons, who have the pay of first lieutenants mounted during the first five years and the pay of captains thereafter until they are promoted to be majors. The surgeons are majors and there are fifty of them, After passing through the grade of surgeon the army doctor be- comes a deputy surgeon general, ranking as a lieutenant colonel. Next he becomes an assistant Col eit with rank of colonel. There are t deputies and six as- sistants. The army physftian is provided with a house or some sort of Suitable quarters for himself and family. he is not at a post Uberal allowance in money is given to him for rent. He getsifordge and stabling for nothing, as well as free transportation for two horses when he fs ordered from one lace to another. Groceries and fuel he can uy from the commissary and quarter- master’s departments at wholesale cost prices. For every mile that he travels while on duty he receives four cents, in addition to his railway and other fares. Navy doctors, by the way, get eight cen a mile and no fares. The army physician has one month's vacation each year at full pay. If he 1s sick, his pay goes on. At sixty-four years of age he Is retired on three-quarters pay for life. Apothecaries and the Hospital Corps. Mention has already been made of the naval apothecary. He compounds the drugs and makes up the prescriptions written by the doctor on board ship. It is required that an applicant for a position of this kind shall be a graduate of a recognized college of pharmacy and between twenty- one and twenty-eight years of age. The hospital corps is a very important feature of the army organization. It in- cludes 120 hospital stewards, seventy-five acting hospital stewards and 600 privates. The privates serve as nurses, while the stewards act as tpothecaries, compound medicines, and supervise the preparation and serving of food for the sick. The corps has two schools, one at the Washington barracks here, and the other ag Fort Riley, } Kansas, in which nursing, cooking and dis- pensary work are taught. A candidate for the place of hospital steward must undergo a severe examination as to his ability to control men and to man- age a hospital. He must be unexceptiona- ble physically and morally and as to his personal habits. He must be acquainted with the best methods of rendering first aid to sick and wounded people. He must un- derstand the elements of cookery and the general principles of medicines; he must know something of su and how to ad- minister anaesthetics. The compounding of drugs, the making up of prescriptions, and even the pulling of teeth must be compre- hended by him. A man may enlist in the hospital corps at any age from eighteen to thirty, if unmar- ried. He enters the service as a private, but provision is made for the speedy promo- tion of the individual who is able and in- dustrious, The service is practically a mili- tary training school, in which men are taught to be nurses, ‘cooks, clerks, apothe- caries, etc. It offers the most desirable po- sitions attainable by an enlisted man in the United States army. In addition to his pay he gets lodging, rations, clothing and bed- ding. The money he receives may be con- sidered to represent what remains of the wages of a man in civil live after the pay- nent of ordinary expenses of living, such as board, lodging, clothing, ete. ‘He is taken care of when sick and pensioned if disabled. After thirty years he is retired on three-quarters pay, with extra allowance in money for clothing and rations. Applications for enlistment in the hos- pital corps must be addressed to the sur- geon general, United States army, Wash- ington, D. C., with accompanying testi- moniais as to character and knowledge of pharmacy, ccokery, &c. In this branch of e and likewise in the medical corps proper of the army and the navy vacancies are constantly occurring. The Marine Hospital Service. ‘The army and navy doctors and the sant- tary soldiers of the War Department hav- ing been described, mention should not be neglected of the physicians of the treasury, who constitute the medical staff of the marine hospital service. ‘That bureau main- tains communication with consuls all over the globe, keeps watch on diseases every- where, and publishes a weekly report on the health and mortality of every big city of the world. This federal health board shuts out the yellow fever, which is a dread every summer along the South Atlantic and along the gulf coasts. For this purpose tt mainta’ ‘ant tablis nents on re- mote is Whi ships are taken for cleaning and disinfection. This bureau owns and conducts hospitals on the scacoasts and lake: provides free medical attendance fc American ‘seaman, caring for 50,000 sick sailors amaually. In this branch of the ser- vice there are fifteen surgeons, twenty-nine passed assistant surgeons, eighteen assist- ant surgeons and seventy-nine acting as- sistant surgeons. The new appointee be- comes an ant surgeon at $1,000 a year, with quarters, fuel and lights, and is assigned to one of the marine hospitals. Promotions to the upper grades come with length of service and are accompanied by increased pay. These medical men, like those of the army and navy, cannot be re- moved except for good cause. There are al- ways vacancies to fill. twenty it A Novel Remedy for Chills, From the St. Paul Dispateh, He tells a good , does Charlie Me- Intyre, the mani: rt of the Aberdeen; tells it with punctuations of tone and inflection, and glence, that makes the tale far more interesting. This 1s one of his stories, and it has the advantage of tales told by Kipling and oth- ers, in that it is trve. He was Hving in a town where there were chills and fever in plenty and to spare, and had a friend who had fallen a victim to the periodical seismic disturbance. It is well enough to call it seismic, although that ts a lofty vord, because, when a man shakes in that way, it is quite as much to him as though the world or a part of it were shak- ing—just the same to him. Every other day (e. 0. d.) his friend would go to bed and await the shaking and the chills, for they came every other day. Ingenuity was ex- hausted in hunting for remeaies and none of the many applied were effective. Finally, there came along an old French halfbreed, a man with long hair and a mysterious presence hiding many potencies of good and ill; and in his presence one day Mr. M. d@- clared that he knew what to give the pa- tient. The conjurer had a remedy to his hand, one of the most singular and unex- pected that could be imagined, one that might well have been used in the incant: tions of Indian prophets and soothsayers. When the shakirg fit came on the sick man was to take two frogs, one in each hand, hold them up before his face and breathe into their open mouths; the shaking would then depart and never return. Of course such a prescription raised a laugh, and laughing comments were made on such a remedy as that. But Mcintyre decided to try it, as that, at least, could do no harm. He put on his boots and waded out into the tangles of the nearest morass and finally caught two big frogs of the sort called bull frogs. They were fine specimens of their kind, with deep green backs and voices that were accustom- ed to echo their deep diapason among the neighboring hills. These he put into a deep tub half filled with water, and put the tub under the bed of his friend all ready for the shake of the next day, for that was the time when it was due. The next day at abcut 2 o'clock his friend went to bed and with what calmness he could muster awaited the shake. On it came, ana McIntyre pulled out the tub, caught the frogs and gave them into the hands of the patient. He held one in each hand, with their big mouths toward him, and breathed on them, holding them firmly. The frogs were dead in three sec- onds and the man with the shakes got well at once, and never had an attack afterward. It was absurd, but it was effective. see The Best Place to Learn. From ‘Truth. Teacher—“Can you swim, boy?" Boy—“Yes, sir.” Teacher—‘‘Where did you learn?” Boy—“In the water, sir. Ss The Laundryman’s Waterloo. | Since any public mention of the ministe: PENITENT CITIZENS They Feel Sorry That They Have Wronged Uncle Sam AND 80 GIVE 0 THE CONSCIENCE FUND Hard Times Do Not Weaken the | Resolve to Make Restitution. ALSO RECEIVED GIFT apices H ARD TIMES HAVE not impaired the American consience. I took a peep into Uncle Sam's ac- count books a few days ago and found that this human sense of right during the past twelve months has been worth more than $3,000 to him, about double its value the js f year before. This money was received by Secretary Carlisle from conscience-stricken Persons, who, every week or so, endeavor to cance! their dishonest debts by making deposits in the treasury. It has been collected from small contributions, the largest of which was #40, and has been dropped into our na- tion's bank to mingle with the myriads of | honest coins there abounding. The last contribution to the “conscience fund” was received last week from an old soldier, who requested that “thirty dollars ($0), to be placed to the credit of the science fund from the awakened consci an old veteran, who has been’ laying aside 4 little at a time for some time and who has not been able yet to figure just what it Js but hopes to light on the data yet and re- store It before he is called to meet his ne or the place from which the letter was sent, although the inevitable postmark en- abled acknowledgment to be made through the press. But this 1s only one of the many scores of letters of this style received by the Secretary during the past few months. They come in at irregular intervals from all sorts and conditions of men and women. Two smail contributions were recently re- ceived, a few weeks apart, each one inclosed in a half sheet of note paper, bearing no indication of who they were from or why they were cent, except the two words “Kon- sience Fund” roughly printed across the page by some one who posed as an igno- nus and made a bold attempt to disguise his hand. Each communication was ad- siressed in the the post-mark “Washington, D. C.” They were evidently from one of Uncle Sam’s clerks, who is squaring up his old scores on the installment plan. As may be seen by reading these specimens, smugglers appear to be the most repentant of all government defaulters. The records show that this has always been the case,probably because their dishonest transactions are the easiest made and likewise the easiest remunerated. Ac- cording to this state of affairs, as one of the treasury officials sai conscience fund will suffer materially when rates of duty and temptation are equally decreased. A few weeks ago a woman calmly walked up to the desk of Mr. True, cashier of the treasury, and handed him a few dollars and some odd cents, which she said was conscience money, but refused to give any account of how she obtained it, who she was or where she lived. This was a very exceptional case, She is the only soul who, in the memory of those connected with the fund, has been so brave as to make amends in person. No effort has ever been made by the department to trace up any of these cases, not only since it would undoubtedly discourage all further contributions, but be- cause the advantage of any doubt which might arise regarding the original violation of the law is always given a person who is honest enough to confess or offer amends. In any event, there would be no good grounds for an indictment or a suit. Some Large Paymen: Almost without exception the depreda- tions confessed in the conscience corre- spondence have been those which would not be punishable by any severe imprisonment or other penalty. Counterfeiters have never been known te figure in the transactions, although they are the most frequent ene- mies of the nation’s credit. A majority of the letters accompanying conscience money is written by clergymen, especially Catholic priests. They are generally in a modest business form, stating that a member of the flock has recently confessed the unjust possession of government property, and, not wishing to betray the confidence of the sin- ner, that they inclose the amount given them without mentioning names or circum- stances. These letters are acknowledged only by direct letter from the department, name would put an end to all further trans- actions of a similar sort. The largest contribution ever made to the fund was received some years ago from a man who mailed an eight-thousand-dollar note to the Secretary in two sections. The money was carefully cut in half, which, of course, did not detract from its value. After the first piece had been received and ac- knowledged through the papers the second half was likewise forthcoraing in the course of a few months. The sender was too shrewd to have the inclosures registered, and employed this novel means of depriv- ing any person who might become the pos- sessor of his note of its value until he was assured that it had reached its proper des- tination. Another fellow, who had stolen over $1,000 from the government, continued to pay installments for several years until he gave over about double the amount of the original theft, claiming that the total about covered the principal and interest accruing. But it appears that thieves and evil-doers have not been the only persons whose bet- ter natures have prompted them to deposit money to the credit of the United States, when they have not been satisfied that it is in their rightful possession. Governor Flower of New York some months ago sent to the treasury a check equal to his salary for a month, during which he was away from his official duties while a member of the House. Senator Proctor, also, about the time of his change from the cabinet to the upper house, forfeited one month and three days of his salary for a similar rea- eon. These are the only items of this na- ture which have appeared on the books for many years. They were not credited to the “conscience fund,”” but had special corners of their own among the other miscellaneous receipts. Although the money received from conscientious confessors is accounted for in a special list, it likewise is included under “miscellaneous receipts,” and may be used, like other assets, to serve any pur- pose that Congress may deem proper. The account was opened in 1811, when the first restitution was made. Since that year, ac- cording to the books, $270,000 in round num- bers has altogether been received, which would pay a year’s salary to fifty-four members of Congress. The Little Items. Some of the items which are recorded un- der the heading “Miscellaneous Receipts” are more than amusing, from the fact that they appear infinitesimally small alongside the giant amounts received from customs end internal revenue. The small receipts are sent in in such irregular sums that no estimate of their total can possibly be made vntil they are actually counted. For in- ance, in this year’s book, just under a memorandum of several millions of dollars, appears the separate account: Soldier's hand book lost, 45 cents.” This means that some unfortunate trooper has had to pay the given sum for a new copy of tactics. Then again appears: “Representative value of one misplaced sheet of tobacco stamps, 1." This came out of the pocket of some ternal revenue employe. An extensive piece of property acquired under the in- ternal revenue law is valued at $1, which sum also appears after the item, “Payment for supposed vacant land, etc.” Assess- nts upon ship owners, for deaths on rd, have aggregated altogether $200. The loss of some Treasury Department decu- ments has been paid for with the modest sum of 90 cents, con- } tent spirit writes on a broad | sheet of foolscap, in a neat business hand, | % but has taken care not to give his signature | RAILROADS, BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD, Schedule tm effect June 9, 1804. Leave Washington from station, corner of New Jersey avenue and C street. For Chicago and Northwest, Vestibuled Limiteg express trains, 11:15 a.m., $:00 p.m. lis, Venti« ‘or Ciucinnatl, St. Louis ‘and xe .m., express, 12:10 wight. Gieverand, express @aily 11:18 buled Limited, 3:30 For Pittsbarg and am. apd 8:35 For Lexington For Winchester 5 (minutes) a.m, : 42:00 45 minutes), "8:25, x4 x5:30, 5: and 11:35 minutes) ah 228, 6:30, xh200, 8:1 pm. For Hagerstown, 211-15 a.m. and 85:30 p.m For Boyd and way pointe, 9:40 p.m. For Gaitbersburg and way points, 16:00, a8: 012:50, 23200, 24:33, 5:35, bT0S, bil > For Washington Junction and wa 20:50 a. 1:15 p.m. For Philadelphia, New York, Boston and the east, daily, 4:30, 8:00 (10:00 a.m ex. Sun. Dining Car), (12:00 Dining Car), 3:00 ©:05 Dining Car), 8:00 (11:30 p.m. Sleeping Car, open at 10:00 o'clock). Buffet Parlor Cars on all day trains. Sea Isle City and 4:20 and 10:00 9.1, For Atlantic City, Cape M at. and 12:00 noon. Brigantine Beach, Week days, 2:00 noon; Sundays, a Except Sunday. b Daily. ¢ Sunday only. x Express trains. Baggage called for and checked from hotels an@ residences by, Union Transfer, Company on orders left at ticket offices, 19 and 1351 Pa. ave. and td “RB camprent. CHAS. 0. SCULL, au Gen. Manager. Gen. Pass. Agt. SOUTHERN RAILWAY, (PIEDMONT AI@ LINE). Schedule in effect July 1, 1894. All trains arrive and leave at Pennsylvania Pas- senger Station, Washington, D. C. 8:00 a.m. daily—Local for Danville and tnter- mediate stations, and connects at Lynchburg with the Norfolk and ‘Western railroad westward, daily, and at Manassas for Strasburg, daily, except Sun- TRE GREAT SOUTHERN FAST rates Pullman Buffet Sleepers, rt gom-ry, with connections for New Orleans. Con- Das oat Atlanta for Birmingham, Ala, Columbus a Greenville, Misa, 4:45 p.m—Dally fo- Orange and intermediate stations, and throcgh train for Front Royal and | Strasburg, dally, except Scnday. we INGTON AND SOUTHWEST. “LED LIMITED. composed of Pull- jeepers and Dining Cars, runs via Charlotte and Columbia to Augusta, Savannah, ‘ksonville and Tampa, carrying Pullman Sleeper ork, fo Tampa. Also operates | Pullmas per New York to New Orleans vie Atlanta ond New York to Anbeville via Salishu ‘a via Columbia. Dining car Greensboro’ to Monti TRAINS ON WASHINGTON AND ORTO DIVI- SION leave Washington at 9:10 a.m, dally, 4:30 in, dally, Sunday, aud 6:33 p.m. Sunday fuls” for Round fin, and’ 22 pm. dais, Sunday, for Leesburg, and 6 tty, Heradon. Returning, orrive Washington 6:26 a.m, 00 p. daily, from Round Hill, $34 am, daily, except Sunday, from Leesburg. and 6:53 m., datly, except Sunday, from Herndon onl: rough trains from the south arrive Washing» r as! 8:4) a.m. daily from ‘Orange. Tickets, Sleeping Car reservations ‘and informa- tion furnished at offices, 511 and 1800 Penney! rae nla avenue, and at Pa: Sta iva ola Ratiroad "Washington, "D. c pecs W. H. GREEN, Gen. Man. W. A. TURK, Gen. Pass. L. & BROWN. Gen. Agt. Pass. Dept. PENNSYLVANIA RATLROAD. Station corner of 6th and B sts. 10:20 Ast. PENSSEEV ANIA LIMITED, —Pallmas Sleeping, “Dining. Smoking Observation Cars Mi «to Ch ‘Clocinnati, India Cleveland and Toledo Parlor Car to 10:3) AM. FAST LINE.—Potlman Buffet Parlor Car to Harrisburg. Parlor and Dining Cars, Bare risburg to yor? 15 P.M. CHICAGO AND ST. LOUIS Buffet Parlor Car to “ia ; Perrsylvanta avenue, and at the station, B street, where can be left for the Fas, ot Saesnee to Gustine Gem hotels and res cen. Mt PREVOST, General Manager. CHESAPEAKE AND OFTO RATLWAY. Schedule in effect May 13, 1894. Trains leave daily from Union station (@B. an@ P.). 6th and B ste. ‘Through the graufest scenery tn America, the handsomest and most complete solid train ser vice west from Washington. 2.25 PM. DAILY.—“Cincinnatt and St, Toute Special”—Soltd Vestibaled. newly Equipped. Flec- trie-lighted, Steam-heated Train. Pullman's finest sleeping cars Washington to Cincinnati. Indianap- olts and St. Louis without change. Dining Car from Washington. Arrives Cincinnati, §:00 a.m Indianapolis, 11:45 a.m., and Chicago, 5:30 Louls. 6°55 p.m. 11:10 P.M. DATLY—The famous “PF. PF. ¥. Lim- ey and Pullman Innatt. | Loutertlle, without 5 Rieeper Pullman Sk Tae a ni a 10:57 AM., EXCEPT x Com‘ort and Norfolk. Only rail and tickets at company’s of Tw FciieR, Passeneer ‘Agont STORAGE. a STORAGE—CARRIAGES OF ALL KINDS STORED at_low prices A. H. GREGORY, 316 = aw. Fire-Proof Building For your Household Goods, Burglar-Proof Vault For your Silver Ware ant Valuables at lowes§ Pullman locations fices, 513 and 1421 mr2s STORAGE WAREHOUSE. . AMERICAN SECURITY AND TRUST ©0., auls 1140 15TH STREET N.w. R RENT—-SENATE STORAGE Mery tren frost, building. Pa. ave. aw. Fats, $1 per load per month: dry and clean} cai god inepect. DULY & HERRING, 225 Pa. ery | COMMISSIONERS OF DEEDS. COMMISSIONER OF DEEDS AND NOTARY PUB: Me for all es and territories a SPECIALTY by KH. EVANS, office (basement), 1321 F ste Always in office, Office hours. date COMMISSIONER OF DEEDS FOR EVERY STATS and territory. Notary and U. S. Commissioner, —5 BEALL, { oc? u F st. ow. STEAM CARPET CLEANING. AMMONATED STEAM