Evening Star Newspaper, August 25, 1894, Page 13

THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, AUGUST 25, 1894—EIGHTEEN PAGES, THE FOOD WE EAT Tgacrance About the Proper Kind and Its Preparation. >-—___ RESULTS OF SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY There is Great Waste in Buying and Cooking Food. eee eS Se Cy a RANGE MUST GO THE w ten for The Evening Star. ow WILL THE coming man be fed? The Department of Agriculture has be- come interested. in this question newly, and before long will publish a series of bulletins on the sub- ject. They will be prepared by such well-known experts in this branch of re- search as Prof. W. O. Atwater and Dr. Eward At=inson. The former gentleman has been engaged to conduct certain inves- tigations and experiments of an original and highly seientifie character. At the bot- tom of the whole inquiry lies the fact that the people of this country de not know how to choose the foods they eat or how to cook them afterward. This burden of ignorance falls most heavily upon the wage- ers, who, taking an average among them, use one-half of their money to buy food with, this estimate not including the cost of cooking. The poor man wastes in purchasing provender; his wife wastes in preparing it for the table. When an in- telligent person buys a coat, he has a Pretty fair idea as to whether it fits him and how it will wear. But when he invests in meat and potatoes, he has Nttle informa- tion as to how much nutriment they con- tain or whether it is of a kind suited to his bodily requirements. Prof. Atwater has an apparatus at Wes- leyen University for measuring the physi- al income and outge of human beings. It 1s 2 metal box, inside of which aman is Placed. He stays there for several days, durimg which he is fed on carefully weigh- ed quantities of certain foods. A current of air is drawn through the box by a ma- chine pump. Not only is all the waste from the man’s body analyzed and weighed, but the air is subjected to analysis before it gees ia and after it comes out of the box. By the latter analysis it is discovered just Wrat eleiments and how much of them have been stven off from the lungs of the man in breathing. Everything that goes into the body of the subject being known, as well as so. it is easily ascertained what has “ The man in ihe box, which has windows, may spend his time in idle- » or he may be occupied actively for Several hours of the day. In this way com- Pom ay — _ obtained as to food consumed “sults accomplis! inder = varyil conditions, Se oT ‘the Nutrition in Va: is Feeds. Most educated people have queer notions Bbeut foods. It ts generally imagined -that an esg ccntains as much nutriment as a Pound of lean beefsteak. As a matter of fact, it has 40 per cent less of nutriment, Pound for pound. Beef sirloin is only 7 per cent as nutritious as beans and Pease. Chichen and turkey are ahead of pease and t, being the most nutri- Shad and mackerel are fitious as sirloin steak. Lean beef is fFearis three-fourths water. Dealers say that the demand for fish is lly Increased to a considerable extent by the popular belief that it is good brain food. The reason fcr this is supposed to be that fish contains a great deal of phos- phorus, an element that is more abundant in the brain and nerves than in other of the human bedy. But the fact is that there is no special abundance of phos- Phorus in fish. If there were it would be of no importance. The widely circulated phras>, “Without phesphorus there is no ae was originated by a German half jest. On one oceasion the elder Agassiz deliv- ered a lecture on the importance of culture—it was in Boston—and remarked in a joking way that fish was an excellent brain food. From this saying and from the oft-quoted phrase of the German scientist abcve referred to has been derived the ac- cepied idea on this subject. In truth, there is po cause whatever for believing that the eating of fish promotes cerebral activity. But, speaking of the relative values of feeds,it is interesting to know that a pound or beef and a quart of milk as it comes from the cow contain about the teme amount of nutritive material. How- ever, the nutrients In beef are more vala- able for orjinary use. Prof. Atwater has invented a new contrivance for measuring the ¢ protuced by various foods. T: fool ted for trial—a definite quan’ of it-ts burned in a vessel surrounded by wat A thermometer of extraordinary delic registers the rise in the tempera- ture of the water, the quantity of which is known. Then an equal amount of the same food is buracd in the bhumin body. Of course, a}! food digested undergoes a pro- cess of chemical combustion. ‘The Cheapest Food. If the amewnt of potential energy de- velopel in the man is equal to that indi- ¢atei by the rise in the temperature of the water, it is proved that the energy power of any human being is precisely equal to the energy power that has been absorbed in the shape of food. Suiptus energy, how- ever, may be stored as fat In the body. The fat is stored fuel. America: store excessive quentities of such fuel by eating too much starch, sugar and fats. It is a self-evident froposition that the cheapest ficd to buy is that which contains the greatest amount of nutriment for a given price. With a small equipment of knowl- edge on this subject the poor man could select his articles of diet in the market with a vasily greater economy. In other words, he could live much better for less money. He ought to be taught to select suc) foods as wheat flour, corn meal, beans, milk and the cheaper cuts of meats. To start with, it fs not easy for him to realize that high-priced foods are in gen- eral uneconomical. The maxim that the best is cheapest does not apply to foods. ‘he average man, leading a moderately active life, requires fifty-nine ounces of foot per diem. He consames thirty-seven ovrees of water and absorbs In breathin thirty ownces of oxyzen from the air. His total income. therefore. is about eizht What he needs for his is four and one-fifth ounces orming albrmen, two ounces of fat » make a folrsized candla—sev- half ounces ef sugar and ef an onnce of mineral common salt, notassivm. rater and gallons of fs contained in anita ent, ae In onter to mentione hed woter he or the ey compased mostly wechertiiis x pounds or f. mptete hix mn thirteen pounds of al- of gelatine, twent clcht and a helf pornds povnd of The Art of Cooking. TH H to be sed by the Denart went will at peor mor ert: i es hb tha trials of methods for preparing foods will be established in this country. Scien- tifie work of this kind is aiready carried on with much profit in Germany. Ordinary processes of cookery involve enormous waste. Dr. Edward Atkinson has interested himseif chiefly in that phase of this sub- ject which relates to cookery. He regards the ordinary iron range as a device adapted most admirabiy to the purpose of spoiling food. After much labor and thought he has devised processes and epparatus for preparing articles of diet scientifically. He nas instructed many families of poor peo- ple in these methods, thus enabling them to reduce the cost of what they eat by about one-half, with much better nutrition and with a great saving in comfort, time and work. By following his plan an active man mey buy all the food he can digest for less than $1 a week, cooking it in his own room. Dr. Atkinson has constructed a combina- tion stove and oven,which prepares foods as he would have them cooked. He has made ita free gift to the public. It is a metal box, with shelves above and an of] lamp be- low. Meat, fish, vegetables and pudding may be put into it and left to themselves for a while, coming out all ready for the table. The doctor has given a number of dinner parties in Boston, wieh from eight to twelve courses, the meals being wholly prepared in one of his cooking ovens in the dining room. He has made out a number of dietaries, varying in cost from 14 cen‘s a day for each person up to 28 cents a day. The latter represeats extreme luxury. Dr. Atkinson says that nobody can cook prop- erly on an iron siove or range without wasting heat, time and temper. He is satis- fied that one-half of the prevalent dyspepsia is due to semi-starvation, because the vic- tims cannot digest badly prepared food. He believes that any shrewd saloon keeper migat obtain considerable profit by selling properly made, strong beef soup, from the heads, palates and welkcleaned hoofs of beef-cattle, or lenul broth from lentils. It would cost him less than his whisky and beer cost, and if put on tap alongside of either would sell freely in place of the liquor, because more than half of the crav- ing for stimulants is due to want of well- cooked food. Geod Cooking is Slow Cooking. Dr. Atkinson says that the days of the iron range are numbered. The use of coal for cooking will be continued only by those who do not know how to cook. All fuel for cooking should be oil or gas. He anticipates the objection as to want of hot water by recommending the employment of a water heater. But whet shall the housewife do for hot water to wash dishes in? Answer: do without it. Put cold water or tepid water in the pan and add a spoonful of Kerosene oil, Mop the dishes in that and then wipe them. Kerosene oil has an affinity for grease; it is antiseptic. Dr. Atkinson got the notion for his oven from Norway. When boiling water is placed in a wooden box lined with felt and then with metal, into which a water-tight receptacle containing food is put and then covered up, the food is cooked in the most complete manner after a considerable lapse of time. The great secret of good cooking is slow cooking. ‘The New England clam bake furnishes an ex- ample. It represents a method adopted by the Indians for centuries before Columbus landed,when tribes from the interior visited the coast for periodical festivals. The whites have simply im:tated the process. At a modern clam bake a platform is made of flat stones gathered on the shore, and these are heated with a wood fire. After a while the ashes are swept away and a layer of wet seaweed or rockweed put on; on this a layer of clanfs; then an- other layer of seaweed: then sweet corn in the milk; then more seaweed; then some fish and lobsters; more seaweed; more clams; finally, in tin pans, Indian puddings, made of corn meal and molasses; then a last covering of seaweed, and the whole covered over with sail cloth. The heated stones do the cooking. Along the Atlantic coast from Maine to Florida great piles of shells mark the places where ancient Indian clam bakes were held. The name of a lo- cality in Massachusetts—Squantum—is said to mean the place for a clam bake. One is reminded by Dr. Atkinson's method of cvokery of the plan adopted by Normandy fishermen, who start out with their nets in the afternoon, carrying with them a warm meal for the following day. A great pot of stew or what not ts wrapped in a box with feather-iined cushions. After fifteen hours the dinner js served as hot as if just off the fire, only three or four degrees of tempera- ture having been Icst. The writer once knew a man who adapted this method to an odd sort of purpose. He put his newly- led shaving water in a feather-stuffed box just before he went to bed every night. In the morning, being cbliged to get up very early, he tcok it out scalding hot. To Keep Things Hot. In Boston and other cities great tanks of coffee are furnished for parties and Picnics. They are sent away to towns at a considerable distance with their contents at nearly boiling heat. The tanks are in- sulated and have double jackets, the inner one of glass and the cuter of tinned iron,the space between being filled in with a non- conducting substance. The outside of such @ vessel containing forty gallons of coffee at a temperature of 212 degrees feels cold to the hand. The contents might be kept hot for a year but for a slight radiation at the stepper. tanks have been sent 1,500 miles by rail, the coffee being too hot at the end of the journey to be drank comfortably. Nowadays young couples who know how to manage sometimes employ the services of a caterer in a way that is very economi- cal. He will deliver two meals a day for one person for $ a week, and the single portion ts plenty for two. A business of this sort can be conducted cheapiy on a large scale, the provisions belng bought wholesale. Baskets are used to carry the food deliveredg being preferred for the pur- pose to tin kitchens because in the latter all of the viands enclesed are apt to get the same flavor. The meals are delivered hot, with cloths tucked about them so that the heat escapes very slowly. They are conveyed in covered wagons with doors that shut at the back. It only remains to put the things on the table. Everything is furnished except table-linen, silverware, sugar and milk. The soup is sent in tin pails. From the point of view of the young housewife this method is very advantage- ous. It saves a servant; there is no kitchen work to be done, no fuel to be bought for the range, no marketing, no dish-washing: —_ Gov. Waite’s Possible Correspondents From Life. We have to thank the bicyclists, by the way, for a pleasant thought. They planned to send a message froin Washington to Denver by relays, and applied to the Presi- dent for a few words of greeting to the gcvernor of Colorado. But it turned out that there was nothing that Mr. Cleveland desired to say to Gcv. Waite. The pieasant thought is the message he might have sent if he had cared to express his real senti- ments. It is doubtful if there are more than six men in Washington who would care to send Gov. Waite a message that it would be any satisfaction for him to re- ceive, and out cf those possible six three are represertatives of Colorado in Congress and Senator Peffer is the others. The Long and the Short of It. From Life. DEFT COIN COUNTERS They Work for Uncle Sam in the Treasury Basement. THE DETECTION OF COUNTERFEITS Some Rapid Manipulation of Money in Coin. THE PAPER MONEY SEAL Written for The Evenlag Star. T HE COUNTERFEIT money recently de- stroyed in bulk at the Treasury Depart- ment consisted only of paper. There was in addition a sum of $18,197 in false coin, which could not be burned in the ordi- nary way. This stuff was reserved for atother occasion, and all of it was convey- ed in a steel wagon to the Washington navy yard a few days ago to be disposed of. There it was shovel- ed into a great blast furnace, together with a lot of counterfeiters’ tools and other ma- terial, including metal dies and molds by hundreds. The metal from the melting will be sold for junk. A lot of plaster molds were broken up at the same time wiih hammers. Great numbers of the counter- feit coins thus destroyed found their way to the treasury in bags of metal money sent by banks, business tirms and individuais ftom various parts of the country for ex- change into paper notes and certiiicates. Cash inthis shape arrives every day by the ton. Some of it comes from as iar south as Tampa, Fila., or as iar north as Rhode Is- laud; but none to speak of is received from ine west, because luere are suvueasuries im Cincinnati, St. Louis and Chicago, wich serve as branch offices for the same busi- ness. Every bit of the money turned in has to be counted, and the work is done by women, Women make the best counters of moncy. That fact was discovered by Gen. Spinner when he had given them (aur firsi emp! ment in the treasury. They do ali vu: counting now for Uncle Sum. great is the dexterity acquired by sume of Uiem in reckoning coins that it is not comsidered an extraordinary feat to count aud Ue up in envelopes and bags 50,000 pieces in six hours. It should be remembered that lask bas to be performes wiih tke utme care, every bad, mutilated or foreign being rejected. ‘fhe tore.gn and mutated p-eces are sent back to the persons irom whem they were receivel. ‘The counting is done without the aid of any mech. pliance. Counting bcards have t at the treasury, but were 5) they proved too awkward the ea up, becau: ier wonen to handle. The exercise is too violent, requir- ing muscular strength. Such a board is flat and square, with a series of parailel ridges just the height of a dvilar. The sil- ver dollars are thrown upon it and spread quickly with the hands until it is covered. Then the beard is tilted and all the coins fall off save the 500 which are retained by the ridges. By the help of this contrivance an expert can count dollars at the rate of 3,00g a minute. Devices for Counting. Halves, quarters, dimes, nickels and pen- nies are counted in like fashion on boards of suitable construction. But another rea- son why this plan does not serve for use at the treasury ts that it does not afford the same opportunity for examining tn- dividual coins. The same objection applies to a machine for reckoning dimes that was invented by Dr. Donzeno, superintendent of the New Orleans mint. This contrivance is 30 arranged that dimes poured into a hop: per are fed out on the other side, a dial registering the number that have passed through. The old coins sent from the treasury for recotnage are counted at the mint in Philadelphia with counting boards, having been already inspected. The mints do not count the coins which they make before sending them out; they weigh them. For example, 1,000 silver dollars of full weight are put on one side of a balance. Every bag of $1,000 in dollars must satisfy the requirement of equipoise. If it does so, the number of coins does not have to be reckoned. It is the same way with the subsidiary silver and with nickels and cents. The ‘blanks” for cenis and nickels are paid for by the pound, being manufac- tured by private firms for the government. The contract rate is so low that the blanks for cents cost Uncle Sam cnly a little less than one-tenth of a cent apiece; the nickel blanks cost him one and a haif cents apiece. The blanks for the cents, when they reach the mint, are so bright and shining that one misht easily mistake them for gold. The nickel blanks are very pretty also, resembling silver to the ey A nickel, by the way, contains only 25 per cent of thet metal, the rest of it 2 copper. These blanks are called chets.*_ The pianchets for silver doll: weighed before they receive the impress of the die. Each one is tested soparately, and, if found too heavy, it Is filel down by as much as may be required. At the mint in Philadelphia this werk ts done in a great reom where more than a hundred young women sit at desks, each with a pair of seales in front of her. Every other minute the chattering becomes such a roar that the lady in charge rings a big dinner bell to quell it. At the treasury here-the ex- pert counter takes a newly received bag of nickels, for exemple, and pours out a part of the contents upon her table—say, a double handful at once. With two cr three quick motions she spreads them so that they lie flat, no one upon another. Then with deft fingers she throws them, two by two, from the table into her left hand, which is held beneath the edge to receive them. Her eye, meanwhile, scans every piece. If there is a counterfeit in the lot, it is most likely to betray itself by a dif- ference in color. Supposing that it is not detected by sight, its ring as it drops into the pelm with the other coins gives it away. It is hardly possible for one to es- cape. Counterfeiting Pennies. All mutilated, foreign or much-worn Pleces are rejected and laid aside. The last are sent to the mint to be recoined. Uncle Sam loses a good deal of money in this way. Taking an average, $1,000 worth of silver returned for recoinage is found to have lost about $0 worth of its substance. In other words, the loss by abrasion of sil- ver money is 3 per cent. The “life” of a silver dollar in constant circulation is oniy fcur or five years. During the first two or three years after the standard dollars be. gan to be coined it was possible to count them by weight, and the delicate scaies could even detect a single counterfeit In a bag of $1,000, But now they have become so abradel that this is no longer practi- cable. Speaking of rapid reckoning, John Lewis, coin-telier in the subtreasury’ at St. Li on a wager, has picked up a newly received bag of 1,000 sliver dollars, counted them, thrown out two or three counter- feits and tied them up again inside of six minutes. Among the bad coins a good many bronze cents occur. It Is said that most of them are made by Itallans in New York, who can afford to use the same metal composition as that employed by Uncle Sam. This is counterfeiting reduced to its lowest terms, but, though the pront be small, it is easy to pass bogus pennies, inasmuch as nobody examines them closely when taken in changey, Peddiers on the streets dispose of a goof man: Foreign copper coins frequently turn up at the treasury here, many of them being In circulation. ‘Some of thoin have a current value in countries abroad of very much less than a/ cent. Being of the same size as cents, or nearly, they will pass fairiy well on this side of the water. Not long ago a man was arrested and sent to the pendtentlary for importing Austrian pfennigs into the United States. He procure! them by the bushel. The government suiters some loss by the abrasion of gold colies rubbing together in A century ago a method frequently adopted by “clippers was to shake pieces in bags for the profit of the wear. the gold | i | | him | dearest, for soap that Is Modern swindlers have greatly improved on that process by, using an clectric bat- tery to remove a get coating from the coins. Of course! tht great majority of the coins counted pa8s muster, being good and not too much worm for circulation. They are put up in paper envelopes and in cloth bags; also in rouleaux of paper. The rouleaux are called “cartridges.” The- little sheets of paper out of which they are made are cut and printed at the bureau of en- sraving. An employe in the couating dl- vision of the treasury devotes all her time to rolling them, ng a round stick for the purpose.: THey are of various 23, according as they are intended to contain dimes, quarters,; halves, doliars or nickels. Each cartridge ism: ed on the outside with the amount and denominaiion of the contents; as, for example, “Five dollars; dimes; treasury, U. 8." AV: ton Wheels. The filled rouleaux and paper envelopes are weighed finally, to make sure that contents are correct. The same thing done with the bags of coins. All of t bags are made in Cincinnati by a big dry goods firm that has a contract with the government. They cost from eight-tenths of a cent to eight and three-tentis cents. The smallest ones, for pennies and nickels, are of ordinary cotton cioth; the biggest, which hold $1,000 in silver each, are of a good quality of duck. The treasury, in sending out the money to banks and other applicants, gives these bags away. They cost Uncle Sam 36,50 per annum. Bags containing $50 or more are sewn up, tied and tagged, a wax seal beimg put on over is the string. Each bag bears the initials of the counter and a note of its avoirdupois weight. A defective coin of a very odd sort turned up at the treasury the other day. It was a five-dollar gold piece. The man who passed it at El Paso, Tex., was ar- rested. The piece was forwardel to the director of the mint at Washington, who found that it had rot the right ring. In- vestigation proved that in the roiling of the strip of metal from which the piancnet for the coin had been cut an air bubbie or blis- ter had formed. This is bound to happen now and then, The blister ta the gold piece was ail that was the matter with it The strips cut from gold bricks at the mint are passed under a roller, which compresses the substance so t it becomes almost as hard as steel. Then the strips are run be- neath a punch, that punches the planchets out of them. In the same room whe! counted at the treasury t on all of the paper money States. The notes and of envray ~ This final touch bureau of engrav Treastrer Jan, under Mr. Cley frst administration, was un abe rying so much finished money street: All of the paper ¢: from ury from the bures cept the seal. the added at ut too many a where mfllior ed at exch trip. 4 is receiving from th forty packages of cach Aay. pack with four notes on each sheet. Thus, age of ten-dollar note: i kage 0 es hold 314% $1,000 is the bigy printed. The government for $10,000 ete sd as curiositic: regar mteats of the prekage are counted he money goes io t there are six sm 4 ployed for the sole p ¢ putting the seals on the certificates and notes. The engraved steel seais are put away every night in @ safe. Guarding the Seal, It would be regarded as little short of a calamity if an inpression from one of these seals got away. The utmost care Is n to prevent any accident of the kind. Every day a great many sheets of blank paper are put through the presses to make sure that the prints of the seals are perfect in respect to clearness and color. Every im- pression is registered by an automatic con- triverce attached to each press and must counted for at night. hed notes count for fons on the blank : many. more, and the total must correspond exactly with the reading of the re; sheets bearing impressions are b: the chief of the division, James A, Samp For the printing of these seals the fin carmine ink is used. It is made from cochineal insects. Thus it may be said that bugs have something to do with the production of Uncle Sam's paper money. In old times the completed sheets of notes were trimmed and separate] by hand with shears. lt was for this purpose that wo- men were first employed by Gen, Spinner. Now, the sheets are put through a ma- chine which has small revolving -wheels carrying knives. As they come out on the other side, the employe who receives them gathers them four-by-four and places them ina pile. The notes as they come from the bureau of engraving are numbered in se- quence, and it is required that they shall Le kept in that order when put up in pack- ages. As soon as she has received 100 notes from the machine, the operator puts an elastic band around them. The bundle is then passed to another employe, who counts the notes, making sure that the amount is right and that the numbers are in sequence. When she has accumulated forty bundles of 10) notes each, she de- livers them to a man in the corner of the room, who occupigs a wire cage. 2 wrap: ap the forty bundles, making one pac! of them, which he seals with the treasury seal in red wax. Then he puts on label indicating the amount represented, with the denomination and numbers of the notes The initials of the counter and of the aler, with the date, are affixed. Finail © package gees to the reserve vau Technically speaking, it is not yet re money, though finishel, and will not be- come such until it is ta account of the treasury, ‘The sealer, John T. Barnes, ts one of the en up in the cash most trusted men In the employ of the gov- ernment. He sealed the first package of paper money that was printed by the United States. If he wished to, he coula get away with millions untetected. There is nothing to prevent him from substituting a “dummy” for a little bundle cf notes con taining $100,000, and he might repeat this operation a good many times before he w: found out. The bundles abstracted he might easily put in his pocket. Most of the packages which he seals up are not opened for many months. But the United States treasury, like other banking concerns, ac- cepts the theory that it is necessary to trust somebody. The trimmings produced incidentally to the cutting apart of the notes are portions of the distinctive fiber paper used by the government for its paper money. These scraps are shaken out at the end of the day to make sure that nothing valuable is mong them, and then they are packed carefully in boxes to be sent to the bureau of engraving and there reduced to pulp by boiling. Congress hos put a penalty of fifteen years’ imprisonment and $5,000 fine on the offense of possessing, unlawfully, the smallest scrap of this paper. 7 RENE BACHE. $< WOMEN WASTE soap. They Use the Most Expensive Kinds Carelessly. From the New York Times. “It is astoriishing,” said a manufacturer of tollet soap fecegtly, “how wasteful women are with fine saap. Those who would repri- mand a servant sharply for dropping a five- cent cake into abucket or tub of water will deliberately ‘hold one that costs $1.25 under a hotwater fauget and then throw it, wet. upon a soap dish, which often has no drainer. It is, moreover, very provokins for us who, in order to give good value fo: the meney, make our soaps the reverse of wasteful by leaving them in drying roo» for a year or longer. No soap should ever be dipped into hot water or allowed to re- main wet. It should be left covered wit! lather, but so that it may drain.” White, yellow and brown soaps are apt te be the purest. Fancy color pieases the eye, and, of course, when sent out by a reliable manufacturer, contain nothing which is in- jurious to the skin, but in cheap soaps stick to the plain colors. The same auth; @ manufacturer, states that a fairly cheap soap may be as pure as the most ex- pensive, for the cost is largely dependent upon the perfume usel, Moreover, soaps which are high in price are not alway. properly driel will jast twice as long as that which, though sold for two-thirds the price, is re dearer by reason of the water it contain making it wasteful. WINNING HIS STAR OR THE ADVENTURES OF PAUL TRAVERS. WRITTEN FOR THE EVENING STAR BY SAM T. CLOVER. — - + (Copyright, 1894.) CHAPTER XIX.—Continued. About midnight the Chimborazo entered the Bay of Biscay, across which she had a good run to Piymouth, nothing of interest occurring beyond the death of a steerage passenger, who was buried abreast of the Isiand of Ushant, making the third death during the wi ge. The new Eddystone light hovse was passed just before dark, and at 8 o'clock the anchor was dropped in Viymouth bay. Here a few passengers went ashore, but the majority went on up the English channel to Gravesend, where & general exodus occurred. ‘Their departure was the signal for an unwonted activity among Paul's messmates, whose speculations for days previous had been based on the size of the tips they hoped to receive. This was a novel experi- ence to Paul, but as he was there as a Roman among Romans he thankfully cepted the largesse that fell to his lot, a goodly portion of which came from the perents of the children whom he had at- tended so assiduously during the voyage. Among the passengers whose acquaint- ence he had cultivated was the manager of the Beaver iine of steamers, plying be- tween Liverpsoi and Montreal. Shortly before Gravesend was reached the gentle- man gave Paul his card and told the lad ‘hat when he was ready to cross the At- jantic would help him to a berth on one vf nis boats. Naturaiiy Usis kind offer was sratefally recet for the boy had not tiem the vexwticus delays and disap- 4 ai San Francisco, ey while irying to “get ments expe Dunedin and Tic crew was paid off at the Royal Ai- t dock in London, where iad received that Paui shipped at Sydney as general ser- vent and discharged at Ls Was ac- c d “very good in wha capacity ageged,” and with an ned reputa- ou for excetlent conduct, precious 1 carefully stowed away his voyage, always to be act, placing Ube papers in his’ valise a Jonas dropped down the companion e, Yank,” said the latter, hold- hand, “ you don’t bear go'y ing out ny mail 1 you fi "ope rofferat hand a good ht it out and quit I buried 1 the same. < ok me up, shall be very clad to show sod-bye, old fellow, remem- iving the p: fi on the wharf with at , Now given Ss vinches and shout- ng dock laborers engaged in unloading her dartin’, my ‘ell-known voice, and the next min- had seized his bag and was hvr- im across the dock to a cab he had he urged; ‘honly to the Pig and Whis- rest of the blokes is. Just a n blow-hout, you “and we want you to Jump bin, ald ct © jine us. Lavehing and half protesting, Paul suf- fered himself to be hustled into the cab, and heard Scully tell the driver to “clap on | hal sail fer the Pig,” at which cozy inn ‘ant found eight or nine of his late com- of the glory hole. Sa very jolly dinner. Good English roast heef, with Yorkshire pudding and a deen-dishad cooseberry pie that wonld have made even Carlyle grin, were the chief concomitants, with staples galore on the side and genuine ofl sh ale “right from the tap, re know,” as the waiter assured Pant. Tt was almosr dark before the 1s4 finally broke away from the happy youngsters, w farowelis wound up with the ringing chorus of — - For he's a folly cood fellow, which his friend Sently hat started. CHAPTER XX. Paul's desire to get away from the “Pig and Whistle” was due solely to his anxiety to obtain the letters which he knew must be awaiting him at the American Exchange in the Strand, to which address he fad directed his people to write. It was after ¥ o'clock when he registered at “Giilig’s,” and on payment of a small sum was ac- corded the privilescs of the exchange for month. But better than his card of admission was the budget of letters which d out all bearing the "€ WaS one among rt to flutter wildly, nd pecnaps ail his boy friends will sympa- inize with the overpowering curiosity which iempied him io lear that open berore read- aome new ape, in bold black type, was On the printed “The Chicsgo Merc the vasy-running sipersceipt so clearly professional that Paul instinctively it was from Mr. Wilder. He was not mi) taken, The nataging editor of the Mer. cury wrote as foliows: Dear Paui—Ycur two breezy letiers were received in due seasen, and Were prempuy printed in the sary. 1 want to compii- ment you on the excellent story of the ship- , apd to say that it has been tavor- ably mentioned Ly a number of competent erides. Your visit to Fiji was also well wold and proved an interesung feature of the Sunday paper. 1 am convinced you have not mistaken you: field, and if you do not get drowned crossing the AUantic, thai position on the Mercury suf will be ready for you on your return to Chicago. Feelins certain you will need a litte cash when you get to London, I am inclosing you a draft ‘or £10 in payment of the two articles al- ready pubiished. We have one more on hand, which we shall use next Sunday, anc if you send me your New York address, 1 will remit to that peint. Your people are all well, bul very anxious to see you sate home again, With warmest regards end con- =ratulating you on your plucky journey, i m, sincerely your friend, PRANC B. WILDER. Paul's checks flushed with gratified pleas- re. Praise from Sir Hubert was praise in deed, and that the great eultor meant whai he Said was evidenced by the handsome check he inclosed. Oh, it Was too good, tow ‘ 1 could do nothing but gaze at the piece of stamped paper he heid in his hand. \hat a lot of presents he could buy for his ather, mother and the girls! And how (ugughtiul of Mr. Wilder to forward the iaoney to London instead of waiting unui ne reached Chicago. must write an ac -nowledgment at once, thanking his kind riend. ut there were his other letters awaiting « reading, and as Paul glanced at the un (-uched envelopes he blushed to think how early he had forgoti-n them in the con semplation of Mr. Wilder's words of prais: for an hour he was oblivious of Engiand. t London, of Gillig’s, as he read the close} vitteu pages that chronicled the fortune: the Travers family on the other side o* the Atlantic. And all were well, too, but vh, so anxious to get their truant boy ‘bac! tier his long abscnce. ‘We read your stor) ft the shipwreck in the Mercury,” wrot: Madge, “and could hardly believe they wer: your own experiences. Mother cried, but I iold her I was sure it ouly a yarn yo ere spinning just to get your hand in Own up, now, that 9? per cent was fiction. hat’s it,” grumbled Paul, when he came ross this frank criticism. ‘The old story the prophet that couldn't command re- ect in his own country. I suppose my riends will believe all the fairy tales i ng and think they are perfectly natura! hile at the genuine adventures they’)! point the finger of scorn and reject them as rank impositions.”” When Paul awoke next ae in the little room of the lodging house t n he had been directed by the clerk at “s he suddenly realized that it was hi eighteenth birthday—one year and thre+ onthe since he started on his long tram; vund the world. He decided that he ought o celebrate It 1 @ way that would leave a j card th lasting impress on his mind, and after studying a guide book at the exchange con- cluded that a visit to Westminster Abbey, the Tower of London and the British Mu- seum would make a fitting holiday. To the new world youngster that ramble through the aisles of the cathedral, sacred to the memory of so many great men with ns whose names and deeds Paul was more or | less familiar, was full of inspiring thoughts. He gave a little start on finding himself facing the bust of Major Andre, whom the sturdy Americans had hanged as a spy, but whom the British revere as a hero and a martyr. “Ah! it's the point of view efter all,” he mused, when he had partially recovered from the shock. “Of course Andre was a hero in the eycs of his countrymen, just as Capt. Paul Jones was a hero in the estima- tion of all good Americans, and yet the Britishers class Jones as a pirate of the blood-thirstiest kind. There are always two sides to every proposition.” When he came to the plain marble slab bearing the name of Charles Dickens he stood pensively before it and shurmured: “Great master, rather would I have been the creator of Sydney Carton and Barnaby Rudge than to be President of the United Staves. Your fame is secure as long as the Bnglish language is read or spoken.” The “beef-eaters” at the tower, costumed just as in the days of bluff King Hal, he studied with curious interest. He had read somewhere, years before, that the term “beef-eater” was an English corruption of ihe French word “buffetier,” or attendant, so was not misled when a loquacious tourist attempted to explain that the name was given or accourt ef the prodigious quantity of roast beef they used to consume in okien Umes. However, Paul thanked the Kansas City :nan very politely and did not try to undeceive him. He visited the room where Lady Jane Grey iramured and was also shown her name, “lana,” scratched on the wall of the chamber where her husband, the unfortunate Lord Dudley, was confined. The damp dungeons below, where dan- serous political prisoners were incarcerated, had quite a fascination for the lad, and as he passed through the river gate, by which route so many ill-starred statesmen were led to execution, a vision arose of the court- ly figure of Sir Thomas More thanking the governor of the tower for the kind atten- tons bestowed during his period of im- prisonment. The crown jewels were inter- ing only because of the thrilling story y recalled of Colonel Blood’s daring at- tempt Lo carry them off, but to the old cap- tured cannon lying outside the walls he save criticai attention and spent over an hour trying to decipher the curious letter- ing, principaily in French and Spanish,that Was engraved on some of the rusty old pieces of ordnance. The afternoon was so far gone before he finally jeft the tower that his visit to the British Museum had to be deferred until next day, when the lad fairly reveled in the antiquities there stored. It would be use- jess to attempt a recital of what most at- tracted him—those of Paul's admirers who are interested must register a vow to ex- plore this wonderful museum for them- selves some day—but his enthusiasm was So great that he had to be driven out by the attendants when the hour of closing arrived, and then for the first time in ten hours he discovered he was hungry. The rec of the succeeding fortnight is one of sight-seeing entirely. All the fa- mous nooks about which he had read or of which he had heard were visited, not for- getting the haunts of his favorite Dickens, and including an exploration of Petticoat lane and the famous Seven Dials. These trips of course made some inroads on his Turse, but the lad soon learned to travel in- expensively, and previous severe expe- riences had instilled a spirit of economy that was highly creditable. On nis jaunts about London he managed to pick up @ number of pretty souvenirs and presents to carry home, which he knew would be fully ap> Preciatel by the recipients, and these, to- gether with his Australian curios, made a very respectable and interesting collection. But it was piteous appeal from his mother, written in reply zo the letter sent on his arrival in London, that put a sudden end ty his rembies. It gave the lad an acute attack of homesickness not to be re- sisted, so, forswearing all further explora- tions, he bought a ticket to Liverpool and left London that same day. At 5 o'clock in the evcning Paul walked into the manager's office of the Beaver Line Steamship Company and presented the had been given him abourd the Chimborazo. “Ah, it's you, my lad, is it?" exclaimed the manager, coming forward. “Tired of a so soon?” “Not tirea exactly, but desperately home- ingly. sick,” returned Paul sm! 4 nd want to get a ship, I suppose, eh?” ‘es, sir, if you please.” “Well, you're in luck. The Winnipeg was to have sailed at 6 o'clock, but it is de- layed four hours on account of a slight break in her machinery. I will give you a note to her captain, and you can pull out and present It as soon as you please.” Paul sincerely thanked the manager for his interest, and in half an hour was on the Mersey with a Liverpool boatman, en route to the Winnipeg. The captain was bluff old Canadian, who consigned Paul at once to the steward, with instructions to put him to work, and before the ship weighed her anchor the lad was cleaning silver in tas pantry, having signed papers for Mon- Compared with the Chimborazo, Paul had a very easy time on the Winnipeg. There was no loafing, but with only thirty saloon passengers and very few in the steerage, the demand on his services was infinitely lighter, so that the trip across the Atlantic was almost like a pleasure trip. The first week out the ship met strong head winds and experienced pretty rough and rolling weather, but on the second Sun- day the day was perfect, and ali the pas- sengers turned out on deck to enjoy the beautiful prospect. The ocean was as calm and peaceful as an artificial lake. As the Winnipeg entered the Straits of Lab- ri obliged to run at half speed, ing to a very thick fog, but in a few hours it Mfted and the boat went ahead in. This was the only fog encountered the voyage. arly Monday morning, just nine days out from Liverpool, Paul had his first view of the St. Lawrence river. At Father Point the pilot was taken aboard and at miinight the steamer anchored at Point Levi, Quebec. The day following was spent in discharging part of the cargo, but Wednesday morning ihe voyage was re- si mel and Thursday Montreal was reached. Here Paul received bis certificate of dis- charse, together with a $10 bill for his services, which, with a few presents from the passengers, again placed him in funds end insured his passage to Chicago in case ofa lure to receive Mr. Wilder's remit- tance at New York. But the managing editor had not forgot- ten his promise, and at the New York office of the Mercury Paul found a brief note, and accompanying it was a draft for $25. A let- ter from his father inclosed a trip pass over the Erie lines to Chicago, the receipt of which greatly elated the youth, for it meant that he could rake good his boast of setting back to Chicago with more money in his pocket than he had at the start. With a view to surprising his family Paul purposely refrained from telegraphing his prospective arrival, so that not a soul was present to meet him when the train rolled in at the terminal station at Chicago. Mager to get home, the lad threw his valise into the first cab he saw and told the driver to make the best time he could to the cor- ner of Heyne avenue and Adams street, where he planned to alight and walk to the house unobserved. It was just dusk when Paul stole up the back perch of the medest cottage in which he and his two sisters were born. A gas jet Was burning in the kitchen, and throush the screen window he could see Madge and Edith putting away, the supper dishes. The screen door was’ unlatched, and, pushing it gently open, he suddenly dropped his valise on the kitchen floor. oth girls turned quickly, and, not imme- diately recognizing their brother, gave a short scream, which was abruptly checked by a cry of “Oh, it's Paul, it's Paul!” and the next instant his sisters were folded to his heart. Such a crying! Such a kissing! In the idst of which in came their mother to learn the cause of the hubbub. Well, there are some scenes that are too sacred to be described, and that meeting of aul and his mother is one of them. When the lad finally disengaged himseif to receive the embraces of his father, who had stood in the doorway watching this oyous reunion, the tears were flowing fast iown his face, and the poor boy could ill control his voice. That was a very happy hour for the Travers famiiy, however “But why didn’t you write, boy?” demanded Edith later on when they ail sat around in hero worship of the prod- igal. “You had no business to surprise us this way. Think what a risk you ran.” “Oh, he’s used to risks,” broke in Madge, “besides which, joy seldom kills, does it mother?” ‘I never heard of it doing so, des you know, ‘all's well that ends well.’ was stroking Paul's hai she spoke, a minute later she uttered a startle! and exclaimed: “Dear me, here we ha been talking two hours, and no one hos thought to ask if P: has had his supper Why, how thouch! s of us!” ‘Now, mother, don’t worry, I'm not a bit and, She went upstairs and lingered on the landing for haif an hour jonger, still plying Paul with questions. In his own room at last the lad stood, and bis first act was to drop on his knees be- side the white iron bed, in which he had slept since he was a boy of ten. An hour later, when his mother stole m to see if he was really there yet, the moonlight played across his face, and as she pressed a Kiss on the closed eyes she murmured a fervent “Thank God” for giving her back her only son. And now, having brought Paul home safe and sound from his long journey of 50,000 miles, all who have followed his adven- turous career will be interested in learning how he was received at the Mercury office. Before he had been in Chicago twenty-four hours he went down town to pay his re- Spects to Mr. Wilder. With a curious trep- idation he knocked at the editor's door, and the next minute was back again in the well-remembered t the busy room. It was not strange tha news- paper man failed to identify in the bronzed face of the sturdy youth the rather delicate features of the lad had parted sixteen months before. But when Paul smiled and held out his hand there came instant ition. #4 Fb 4 SEP Lt 2 batts it tr LiF z i : I i td i 8 § | i i i i eet E> i a a ae on the road next morning the happy couple were much astonished and annoyed to find the se-vants all assembled, and, pointing to the gentleman, mysteriously exclaiming, “That's him; that’s the man.” On reach- ing the next stage the indignant master told him, as your honour,” upon him’as a secret. “ said complain of? “what fs it you ““Yout” exclaimed the angry master. “You told the servants at the inn last night that we were a newly married “Och, then be this and be that,” says bright. ening in anticipated E “there's up triumph, not a word of truth in it, yer honour. I told the whole kit of them, servan’ all, that you would not be married for » fortnight yet.” husband