Evening Star Newspaper, April 25, 1894, Page 6

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The clustered spires of Frederick stand, Green walled by the hills of Maryland. Round about them orchards sweep, Apple and peach trees, fruited deep, Fair as a garden of the Lord, ‘To the eyes of the famished Coxey horde; Over the mountains winding down, Horse and foot into Frederick town. There was no need for a Barbara Fritchie to wave a flag as the commonweal entered Frederick this afternoon. There were plenty of flags flying and plenty of people lining the streets. Since the start from Massillon the army has not presented a more impos- ing appearance. At the head were twenty- five mounted deputy sheriffs, drawing $3 a day for riding with men who have not com- mitted a depredation since Massillon was left behind and the march started. Follow- ing the deputies came the town drum corps, which had marched out several miles to Meet the approaching force. Then came the commonweal, in compact order. In the middle was ihe army's band, but only the big bass drum was going. Along toward the rear some one was straining music out of a bugie, and the sound had a familiar ring. True enough, there was “Windy” White, the ex-bugler of the commonweal, marching along as in the days of yore, with now and then a “toot! toot!” on the battered instrument which he treasures as his life. It will be remembered that “Windy” went ahead of the forces into Hagerstown, and mae overtures to the great “Unknown” to return and lead a re- volt, and. for this the windy bugler was promptly expelled from the commonweal without the formality of a trial. Reappearance of “Windy” White. Today as the army reached the bridge where formerly. stood the house of Bar- bara Fritchie, there was “Windy” White, there was the bugle, and lined up behind “Windy” White and his bugle there were thirty-five would-be recruits for the com- monweal. These men wheeled into line and with this peace offering, “Windy,” judging that he was all right, played gay tunes through Frederick's streets. Later on, howeve>, the leaders decided that the thirty-five would have joined anyway, and that “Windy’ was not desired by the commonweal, and for the second time the g:eat bugler was fired. Bringing up the rear of the procession today were eight moze deputies. The army marched through town, and went into camp on the base ball park, with sleeping quarters in the Salvation Army barracks. Gen. Coxey joined his forces in time to take his seat* in the buggy and -ide through the streets. He was weil satisfied with his New York trip, and expects a large crowd to cme to Washington from that city on May 1. So far the railroads have not agreed on any excursion rate, but a meeting is to be held tomorrow for that Purpose. The Woodley Park Camp. “While driving in Central Park,” said Mr. Coxey, “I met Mr. H. P. Waggaman of your city and accepted his offer to camp at Woodley Park during our stay IN Wash- ington.” In this connection there is lability of a complication. Marshal Browne has set his heart on camping on the White Lot, and has instructed Col. Redstone to try and get these grounds. Saturday Mr. Coxey is going to make another flying trip to New York and is to A Wild West Member. speak at the Grand Opera House on Sunday der to raise funds for the cause. indignant at the Mayor. Tonight Coxey and Browne addressed a large audience at Junior Hall and were re- ceived quite enthusiastically. There is con- siderable feeling in Frederick at the calling out of thirty deputies to escort the army, and the sheriff has decided that it will only be necessary to retain the posse until the commonweal has left the town limits to- morrow. The summoning of the men in the first place is severely criticised here, and the criticism has resulted in the contribution of probably more material comforts for the commonweal than would otherwise have been received. The supper of the men has been lavish, with milk and other welcome additions. During the afternoon Mr. Coxey visited the stock farm of Col. Victor Baughmann and looked over the estate with the owner. The day’s march from Boonsboro’ was quite a long one, fifteen miles, but over a night in | charming country, the route passing over South mountain and across the fertile Mid- dletown valley. First Sight of the Monument. Just after breaking camp at Camp Boone three cheers were given for the Washing- ton monument, in plain sight on top of the mountain, and three more for Mr. Wagner, in whose barn the army spent the night. A short distance ahead the house of Mrs. Madeline Vinton Dahigren was passed, with a reference from browne to “a duck who invented a_ smooth bore.” At the Frederick line Sheriff Zimmermann and thirty deputies were drawn up. Sad to say, Marshal Browne at the time was some half a mile at the rear dictating his life to a reporter. Thus was the opportunity for a speech lost, but later on Mr. Browne said that he felt much flattered by the fact that Frederick county had thought so much of the commonweal as to send out such a handsome and well mounted reception com- mittee. The individuals of the commonweal, how- ever, did not take such a cheerful view of the situation, and the “Pinkertons,” as the deputies were termed, were roundly cursed. Two toll gates were encountered on the way, and Mr. Browne paid the freight, tak- ing a receipt in both cases. Rejoined by the Lender. When the army reached the site of Bar- bara Fritchie’s home Mr. Coxey, as well as “Windy” White and the recruits, was en- countered, and the commonweal, as it caught sight of its leader, broke into a cheer. Marshal Browne wants it clearly understood that the cheer was for Gen. Coxey and not for Barbara Fritchie, as he explains that he does not intend to cheer at ail | for anything that will arouse any sectional feelings, and especially he would not waste APRIL 25, 1894-TWELVE PAGES. time cheering for such a mythical person as Barbara. Now that Mr. Coxey has returned, Mar- shal Browne gives up the supreme com- mand, which he has held for some days, and wielded, it must be said, with judg- ment and tact. Something About the Marshal. Browne is certainly the most interesting figure in this strange array of humanity. He is a natural leader and is far from lack- ing in brains and ability. Of a command- ing physique, he is fatigued by nothing,and in a calm, cool way moves steadily along the path he has laid out. Browne is far above the ordinary in his knowledge of beoks and of men, and his historical infor- mation is wide reaching. As he passes through the country he absorbs and adds to every bit of local history, and his speech- es and orders are filled with these local touches, brought out either as a bit of dramatic effect or to point an argument. Browne is a typical agitator and has been engaged in one or another agitation since he reached manhood. There have been va- rious people, especially at Hancock and this place, who have professed to recognize in Carl Browne a certain Indian medicine doc- tor, known as Professor Lorman. These people say that Lorman was originally a Harry Lowman from Elkton, this state,who ran away from home when sixteen years of age. There must be a certain resemblance Some Faces, between Browne and this Lowman, al- | though it is highly improbable that the two are one. Browne's career has been well known for years, and he has entered prom- inently into many of the social movements, especially in California. For reasons of his own Browne has been somewhat taciturn in regard to his past life, but today he gave your correspondent a sketch covering a life crowded with interesting and exciting epi- sodes. Carl Browne was born July 4, 1849, at the home of his grandmother, about six miles from Springfield, Ill. His father was a ‘Tenneseean and his mother a Scotch wo- man of the old McNabb clan. At the time of his birth his parents were residents of Lincoln, Ill. Both his parents had exten- sive family connections through that sec- tion and his father was a veteran of the Mexican war and was afterward captain in the sixtieth Illinois reziment during the civil war. Browne grew up at Lincoln, attending school and, as he expresses it, “with an indulgent father, did pretty much as he pleased.” Just as the war broke out young Browne was apprenticed in the office of the Lin- coln Courier, where he had rather an ex- citing introduction into newspaper w The course of the paper was extremely obnoxious to the Union element and at several times a guard was necessary to prevent the establishment being raided by the soldiers. Several times during his ap- prenticeship this thirteen-year-old boy looked down the barrels of hostile revolvers. Afcer the war was over the Browne family moved to Ohio. Here Carl Browne com- menced the development of the artistic characteristics which are shown so promi- Waiting for a Shot. nently in his famous panorama. He began the study of sketching and painting and in "66 was apprenticed to a man named Boaker, a carriage and house painter, with whom he learned the trade, and afterward started out for himself, locating in northern Iowa and afterward in Minnesota. Finally he went to Wisconsin, and, running out of money, he made a trip on a rafting expe- dition. In 1869 he located at Atlantic, Ia., a new town, where he was successful as a sign painter. In the fall of that year Brown went to Omaha on a visit, and, meeting a friend there, he, on the spur of the mo- ment, went to California. His main reason was to make paintings in the Yosemite. The season, however, was against him, and he spent the winter at Napa and vicinity, in the spring going into the Yosemite val- ley, where he spent ten weeks, painting and sketching, the result of which was twenty-four large paintings, which, in con- nection with some paintings on the Franco- German war, he formed into a panorama, which he afterward exhibited. Browne de- cided_to remain in California, and did so. In ‘77 he heard Dennis Kearney speak. Joined Dennis Kenrney. At that time Browne was engaged in Newspaper sketch work, He became at once interested in Kearney’s plans and Joined with him, starting a paper to fur- ther the anti-Chinese agitation. Browne acted as private secretary for Kearney, and it is believed furnished a large por- tion of the brains for the outfit. During this agitation the paper Browne ran had an exciting time of it, and the editor was arrested for libel. Browne went with Kear- ney on his eastern trip and furnished news matter for the San Francisco Chronicle. After the anti-Chinese agitation died out Browne, in 1880, established the Graphic in Los Angeles, and supported the green- back doctrines vigorously. In 1886 he was chairman of the united labor parties’ com- mittee and conducted their campaign in California, In Iss7 he started a unique cartoon publication, called the Cactus, and by means of lampoons opened up warfare on the local bankers. His paper took such strong ground on many of tne local issues that several times the office was threat- ened with mob violence and a later at- tack on the county treasurer caused Browne's arrest and indictment for biack- mail. Judge Cheney, however, after the evi- dence had been heard, instructed the jury to bring in a verdict of not guilty. Browne was married in 1872 and was a devoted hus- band. His wife died in December, 1802, and for the year or so preceding her death al- most his entire attention was taken in nursing her. Browne today wears an am- ber necklace on his neck which he re- moved from his wife's dead body. The commonweal’s marshal attended the con- vention of the people's party at Stockton and was elected a delegate to the Omaha convention in 1892. On his way to and from this convention he lectured through Nebraska and other states, and on his re- turn to California located in Calistoga county. After his wife's death Browne went to Sacramento to do newspaper work at the legislature. From there he went to Chicago to write letters on the world’s fair for the Argus. He was a delegate to the | bimetallic convention in Chicago and in the convention had a tilt with Ignatius Donnelly over the platform. Coxey was one of the persons who con: gratulated him on that occasion, and, a Browne expresses it, “I felt immediately drawn toward Mr. Coxey and among all the men I had met he impressed me the mest.” Mr. Coxey at that time invited his to-be marshal to visit him at Massillon. After the adjournment of the silver convention there followed in rapid succession the or- ganization of the Industrial Legion, and the silver agitation on the lake front. After the lake front meetings had been suppress- ed Browne went down to Massillon to visit Coxey. The Present Movement Projected. ‘This was in October, and Coxey proposed that Browne take up his good roads meas- ure and agitate it, offering to furnish the necessary funds. Browne promised to do so after the election, and did so; returning to Massillon in November, and commenced making piciures, lithrographs and writing letters to Yurther the movement. He got the convention of the Federation of Labor | der, can‘t’help thinking this might be just such | POWHATAN'S MEN YET LIVE to indorse the plan, and, as he says, receiv- ed enthusiastic encouragement from all sources. In December Browne was in Chi- cago, and from there he wrote Coxey that he believed, from his that there would be no difficulty in organizing, from the unemployed in Chicago, an 100,000 men to march to Washington end demand the passage of the bill. Coxey re- plied that he fully approved of the suggest- ed plan, but thought the two should be in closer communication, and the army should be organized in Massillon. Browne assented, and the ‘“commonweal of Christ” was born. The work of organ- izing and preparing went forward during the winter, and the start and progress of the army toward Washington are well known to the world. : Recruits From Washington. The thirty-five recruits who joined the army at this place came up from Washing- ton, but few, if any, of them are citizens of the District. These men were organized into commune F, and will be started out separately. They will march over the orig- inal proposed route, from Frederick to Rockville by way of Damascus, Olney and Laytonsville, meeting the main body at Rockville. The commonweal has decided to lie over a day in Frederick and will not move from the pleasant camp here until Thursday morning. The march will then be to Hy- attstown, to Clarksburg, to Gaithersburg, to Rockville, to Woodley Park. Mr. Coxey, in speaking to me this even- ing of the manifesto issued by the District Commissioners, said: “It amounts to noth- ing and will have no effect on the multi- tude who will pour into Washington. Great torrents are not to be stayed by a chip, nor great conflagrations extinguished by a drop of water. I see, however, very plainly that your officials are getting excited, and you know ‘the wicked flee when no man pur- sues.’ "" T. C.N. THE MARCH TO BOONSBORO’, Meeting Citizen Redstone the Chief Event of the Day. Special From a Staff Correspondent. BOONSBORO’, Md., April 23, 1894. Shortly before 2 o'clock today, as the ar- my of the commonweal of Christ was breasting one of the hills a short distance from this place, there was an affecting scene. Carl Browne, in command, in Mr Coxey’s absence, was riding ahead of the plodding line of men. His sembrero shaded his eyes, and his buckskin coat and leggins were prominent parts of the picturesque Whole. The stallion on which he rode was Worth $40,000, and seemed to know it. From the sawed-off tail, mutilated by his early English owner, to the tip of his thorough- bred nose he showed his breeding and the added dignity of bearing on his back the chief marshal of the commonweal of Christ. Suddenly Carl Browne started. The thrill of that start aroused his fiery steed to re- newed Vixor, and up went both tail and head. Evidently both master and horse had seen something. Carl Browne's hand went to his eyes, and shaded from the sun he peered forward anxiously. Finally a look of gladness shot clear aeross the great lead- er’s face, and with one sudden movement he sent the glistening rowels of his spurs deep in the sides of his steed. What wes it? Had Browne observed the stealthy approach of the troop of cavalry rumore! to have started from Washington? Coming up the hill were two men, the one in the lead a slightly built individual with iron gray whiskers and a biack broadcloth suit slightly damaged around the edges. He it was who had stirred the great Carl Browne out of his wonted composure. On- ward came Browne, and, springing from his horse, without a backward look, he allowed $40,000 worth of horse flesh to wander away where the spirit urged, while he clasped the hand of the gray-bearded stranger. Thus did two great men meet. Thus did Carl Browne, marshal-in-chief of the com- monweal of Christ and secretary of the J. Coxey Good Roads Association, meet ith warm greeting your own Col. Red- stone, Washington agent of the cause. Then lid the commonweal halt and gaze with awe while these two leaders walked apart and conferred. Redstone's Glad Tidings. They heard Col. Redstone say that Chevy Chase had not been secured as a camping sround; they heard him tell of the upheaval ef the people of Washington, who were falling over each other in their eagerness to welcome the army. They heard of the thousands who would march out to strew flowers as the commonweal passed, and finally they saw Col. Kedstone step into Mr. Coxey’s buggy and drive ahead with the procession. Col. Redstone later told me that all the leading and liberal business men as well as the masses of the people in Washington had expressed sympathy with the move- ment. He said he had looked the army over carefully and that they were a noble set of men. From his long experience, he felt assured that with hardly an exception the men were workingmen. “No one,” satd the col- could look over this heroic little band without a thrill of admiration. These men had overcome mountains, breasted storms of snow and rain, endured the pangs of hunger and cold, and ali in a noble effort to better the condition of the iauman race, to build up a true happiness and a true sys- tem of finance” The Camping Place. Col. Redstone said that no definite ar- rangements had been made for a camp at Washington, but that the army had several situations to select from. Chevy Chase could be obtained, he said, without difficulty, and Glen Echo nad also been suggested. The colonel expressed his intention of spend- ing the night with the army in camp and rejected with disdain any intention of stop- ping at the hotel. . During all of which Marshal Browne, who bas been accused by his men of never sieep- ing in camp so long as there was a hotel within ten miles, assumed a far-away ex- pression and gazed pensively over toward South mountain. Shortly after Marshal Browne was heard to confide to Col. Red- stone his opinion that in yreat affairs of this kind there could rot be too great an excess of caution exercised In conversation. ‘The Tramp to Boonsboro’, The meeting with Col, Redstone was the only incident of the trip from Hagerstown. The day was cloudy, but no rain fell, and the road was an excellent one, though hilly. The views from the hilltops over the sur- rounding mountains were especially fine at times. Two toll gates were passed cn the way and 72 cents given up by Mar- shall Browne at each, as he expressed it, “Barriers placed in the way of the people endeavoring to make a dollar.” Word, however, has been sent ahead to all toll gates that the army must pay and Marshal Browne has ceased making speech- es, but expresses the firm determination to get the toll money back at some date not specified. At this place the camp has been pitched on the outskirts of town on a level meadow, with water handy and a lovely view of South mountain in the dis- tance. The water flowing down the creek near the camp would answer all purposes for the men, After Daniel Boone. The camp is called “Daniel Boone,” in honor of the pioneer, members of whose family settled this place. During the late war the location of the camp was the scene of a lively skirmish, and the commonweal- ers today have been digging out a number of bullets and relics. The little town, con- taining about 1,000 population, is a quaint affair, and many of its buildings give evi- dence of age, some aating back almost to the first settlement here, back about 1750. The religious sect known as Winebrenner- jans, or “The Church of God,” are numer- ous in this section, having sprung from the neighboring county of Frederick. These people dress in about the same costume as the Dunkards and today have watched the army with open-eyed amazement. At one house ten or twelve of the women, with characteristic poke bonnets, were clustered at the gate. Much Interest in the Army. The people of Boonsboro’ and the sur- rounding country are taking the greatest possible interest in the commonweal, and are ficcking into the camp in all sorts of vehicles. Their interest is not one of idle curiosity. These sturdy mountaineers are intensely excited. The country here, out- side of its association with several skir- mishes during the war and with the battle of Scuth mountain and the confederate re- treat through the streets of Boonsboro’, is historical ground. On the mountain yonder John Brown made his headquarters. There he collected arms and men and prepared for his sally on Harper's Ferry. These men know the story of John Brown as they know their letters. Many of them remem- ber him personally, and tell of the storm of war that followed so closely on his seem- lingly mad enterprise. ‘These men regard with awe the possi- | bility of this affair being on the order of the John Brown raid. I have heard dozen: of hard-headed, conservative old mow taineers say in effect today: “Well, you see, I remember when John Brown was living and hiding up in the mountains yon- and I know what er concern.” Shelter for the Night. In the evening the leaders in the move- ment succeeded in securing the barn be- longing to Mr. Samuel C. Wagner for sleep- ing quarters for the men, and Mr. Wagner, who has a fine farm near the camp, also donated hay, straw and wood in abundance. Other donations in smaller quantities like- wise came in, and the men are not suffer- pe for anything at present. In the even- LJ which the town is not lable to forget for many a long day. The Panorama Shown. Carl Browne's pancrama wagon had been hauled down and placed in position, and a vivid light was thrown on the grotesque pictures of the panorama by a big bonfire in the middie of the street. The red light brought out Carl Browne's picturesque fig- ure in prominent relief, as it did the strong features of the mountaineers surrounding the wagon. Boonsboro’ all the evening was crowded with visitors. Men and women came in from miles around, in buggies, on horseback and afoot. The street, when Carl Browne commenced his speech, was crowd- ed with people, while it would have been hard to have edged an additional woman on the balcony of the hotel opposite. Carl Browne’s penorama is a curious as- sortment of grotesque effects, through which, however, there is discernible a vein of talent in caricature. Rothschilds, through- out the series, is pictured as considerably blacker than the devil, and in almost every effect the face of a bearded man appears, who, Browne explains, is this Rothschilds, the real President of the United States. One of the pictures portrays a long line of men pulling a stage coach, on which are seated a group, evidently intended to repre- sent bankers and capitalists. The men hauling the coach, Browne explains, are the working people, “who do it all and get noth- ing but the blows.” Another picture represents Browne's idea of a true commonweal. It is a picture of a long boat, where everybody pulls an oar, and those who are useless or won't work are thrown overboard. There are several other pictures in the unique collection. News From Gen. Frye. Col. Redstone had with him, when up here, a number of letters which had come to his care for Gen. Frye, whose contingent of the industrial army is somewhere in the neighborhood of Cincinnati. The letters are curiosities in the way of addresses and are covered with the names of the different points to which they have been sent. Col. Redstone proposes to hold them until Frye’s arrival in Washington. In this connection it is a question of im- portance as to how much combination and understanding there is between the differ- ent bodies of men now concentrating on Washington. The leaders here say that there is only a general understanding be- tween the forces. Browne says they all are aiming to reach Washington on May 1, Labor day; that they will organize outside the city and that naturally, but why nat- urally he does not state, the Coxey organi- zation wiil lead the procession into Wash- ington. Jones, who is moving down from Phila- deiphia with a small force, has the avowed intention of combining ‘with Coxey at Rockville. Frye, who is leading the nearest big de- tachment, was a leutenant of Browne's in several of the latter’s exciting California seitations. Kelley is said to be unknown personall. to the leaders here, although Browne poral that all the bodies now working toward the capital are the results of secret work of Mr. Coxey and himself, work done and seeds sown long before the start from Mas- sillon, What One of the Privates ‘Thinks. There is one phase of the movement and the feeling among the men in the army that I encountered on the march from Hagerstown today. Some miles out T ran across a member of the army, -who had dropped out with a sore foot to take a rest. This man was a tinner. Coming through Funkstown a short time before I had seen him apply for work at two smail tin shops, but without success. The man claimed to me that he was a \nignt of Pythias and a Caledonian in good standing. I asked him what he expected the army would accom- plish in Washington, and he said he had no idea that anything would be accomplished. Coxey he considered a splendid man and a true Christian. “Do you believe in his theories?” I asked. “I don't understand what they are or any- thing about them," he said. “Then what are you here for?" “Well, its this way. I want work and I Want to move around until I tind it. Work of any kind will suit me at present. Then, again, I never have yet been obliged to beg. and 1 don’t want to commence. By joining with this army I can travel along, look for work and get something to eat without beg- ging. That's why I'm with the outfit, and there are a good many more in the same Position. Since we left Pittsburg I have tried to find work in every place we have come through and have offered to do any- thing, but, barring a half day’s work, there has been no job in sight.” Marshal Urowne'’s Evening Order. Marshal Browne in his order tonight speaks of the fighting which took place in this neighborhood during the wa! nd then says: “We have been met here today by Citizen A. E. Redstone, an old California friend of mine, who has been acting as our agent in Washington for several months to good purpose. He reports everything in ex+ cellent condition there to receive and enter- tain us.”” In another part of the order Browne says: “There is a rumor here that a detachment of United States cavairy has been sent to Frederick, so I have made a lot of sticks, four feet long and one inch square, and on which we will attach small white flags bear- ing the words, ‘Commonweal of Christ. Peace on earth, good will towards men,’ and I ask you to carry them,and if that will not be sufficient to stand them off, we will call upon our friends, the ladies of Mary- land, to protect u: The camp tomorrow at Frederick is to be called Camp Andrew Jackson, in honor of a well-known gentleman, once President of the United States, who is now reincarnated in the person of Mr. S. J. Coxey. T. C. N. _ Coxey Can't Have the Theater. Coxey will not lecture next Sunday in New York, as was announced. T. M. Croft, who had made arrangements with Coxey, found yesterday that he could not get a theater for Sunday evening. He expected to hire the Grand Opera House, but Man- ager Samuel Singleton and E. C. Cockey, who represent the Gouid estate, declined Mr. Croft's offer. Manager Singleton said last evening that he and Mr. Cockey did not know what the character of Coxey’s lecture would be; they did not care to rent the Grand Opera House for the preaching of anarchistic doctrines, and they feared that Coxey’s lecture would at- tract a class of people that were not Wanted at the hous “We talked the matter all over,” said Mr. Singleton, “and decided that we did not care to take any chances on renting the house for Coxey’s lecture for the considera- tion of $200." z The Goulds were not consulted in the matter, according to Mr. Singicton. ——_—_ ++ —___ Anything to Oblige the Tigress. From the St. Louis Globe-Democrat. “Savage beasts, even in their native wilds, sometimes recognize an act of kindness,and show their gratitude by the most unmis- takable signs,” remarked Thomas Maynard, an old sea captain. “A number of years ago the ship which I then commanded was becalmed off the coast of India, and, taking a boat load of men, I went ashore in search of fresh water. In some way I became separated from the crew, and, in wandering around, was a good deal startled at coming directly upon a full-grown tigress. Much to my surprise the beast did not make any hestile demonstra- tions toward me, but crouching on ‘the ground, looked steadfastly, first at my face and then at a tree a short distance away. For a time I could not understand this con- duct, and, not daring to run for fear she would at once overtake me, I stood rooted to the spot. “Presently the tigress arose and walked to the tree, looking backward as she went. On turning my gaze aloft, I saw among the branches of the tree what had caused the evident solicitation of the tigress. There, perched in one of the limbs, sat a big ba- boon with two little tiger cubs in its arms. Having an ax with me, I started to cut the tree down, the tigress watching me in- tently all the while. When the tree fell, and the three animals with it, the tigress pounc- ed upon the baboon and with great fury dis- patched it. After gently caressing her off- spring, she turned to me with a look which plainly expressed her thanks for the ser- vice I had rendered her. She then disap- peared in the forest, her two cubs trotting behind her.” ———_+ + ___ Philadelphia merchants are concerned about the decrease in shipping and alleged railroad discriminations, munkey Indians of Virginia. of Their Ancestors—Hunting and Fishing for a Livelihood. ed by water, being thus given. tion 1,000 were of the Pamunkey conti: Powhatan, are well known to ly due to the fact that Capt. John Smith usual ability. His leadership in the mas- sacre of 1622 made him the most dreaded that period. Only Surviving Virginia Tribe. The Pamunkey Indians, whose distinction it is to be the only Virginia tribe that has survived the encroachment of civilization, have excited the interest of the bureau of ethnology, which has just issued a bulletin describing them. Oddly enough, their number has varied hardly at all during the last century. Jef- ferson, writing in 1781, estimated the pop- ulation of Indiantown at 100, and Howe, nearly seventy years later, placed it at the same figure. No member of the tribe is of full blood. While the copper-colored skin and the straight, coarse hair of the ab- American show decidedly in some mentee are others whose ould not letected by mixture of white blood and not a little of that of the negro, though the laws of the tribe now strictly forbid marriag: od sons of African descent. hei ‘The Pamunkeys have a great deal of race pride. Though they acknowledge the whites as equals, they consider the blacks far be- neath their social level. Their feeling to- ward the negro is illustrated by their re- to accept a colored who was sent to them to conduct school which the state of Vir- sinia provides for them. They are very aaxious to keep their blood free from fur- ther mingling with that of other races, and how to accomplish this purpose is a serious problem of theirs, inasmuch as they recog- nize the danger of too frequent within the pale of consanguinity. To ob- viate this difficulty the chief men have been trying to devise a plan by which they may — immigration from the North Carolina. The Indian Pamunkey tribe is estimated beg hae fifth to three-fourths of the whole. The Pamunkey Indians are not particu- larly strong and robust, perhaps because of frequent marriages between relatives. ‘They are temperate, morai and peaceable. There is good feeling between them and their white neighbors. They are exceedingly proud of their lineage and love to tell how bravely and stubbornly their forefathers re- sisted the encroachments of the whites. Opechancanough is their hero. They take great delight in relating the familiar story of how this noted chief, when old and in- firm, was carried on a litter to battle that his presence might inspire his men to deeds of bravery. Aside from their mode of sub- sistence, presently to be described, there is nothing peculiar in their manners and cus- toms, unless it be an inclination to exces- sive use of gaudy colors in their attire. Their homes are comfortable and well kept. 7 = ipewd 4 the Baptist denomination attend church on the reserv: = ation every In True Aboriginal Style. They obtain their living for the most part in true aboriginal style. Their chief occu- pations are hunting and fishing, primitive dug-out canoes being used. Farming they do on a small scale, but for manual labor they entertain a truly aboriginal dislike, frequently hiring negroes to attend to their little truck patches. Considerable numbers of raccoons, muskrats, otters and even deer are captured on the reservation. The skins are sold in Richmond end Baltimore, as weil as many of the fish they catch. They take shed, bass, herring and other fishes in large numbers by means of seines. In the autumn they hunt reedbirds in a very curious fashion. They have what they call a “sora horse,” resembling a peach bas- ket in size and shape and made of strips of iron. Before they had iron clay was util- ized as the material. The “horse” is mount- ed on a pole stuck in the marsh or placed upright in a boat. At night a fire is kin- died inside of it. The light attracts the reedbirds, and they fly around it, while the Indian: nock them down with paddles. Every year white hunters visit the reserva- tion for the purpose of shooting reedbiras, employing the Pamunkeys as guides. These Indians raise a few horses, cattle, sheep and hogs. A general merchandise store is conducted by a joint stock company composed of members of the tribe. There is no individual ownership of land. The chief and council allot a parcel of cleared ground of about eight acres to the head of each family. The holder usually retains the land for life, and at his death it goes back to the tribe, to be reallotted, unless the de- funct should leave helpless descendants, in which case the acres are rented for their benefit. The Pamunkey are not taxed, but they pay an annual tribute by presenting to the governor of Virginia a number of wild ducks or other game. The state ap- points five trustees to look after their in- terests. The chief was formerly elected for life, but now both he and the members of the council are chosen every four years by vote. Their method of balloting for chief is unique. The council names two candidates. Those favoring candidate number one indi- cate their choice by depositing a grain of corn in the ballot-box at the school house, while those who prefer the other man de- posit a bean in the same place. The former or the latter candidate is declared chosen according as the grains of corn or the beans redominate. The chief and council are the judge and jury to try all persons who break the laws and to settle disputes between citizens, Used to Make Pottery. Until recently the Pamunkey made a great deal of pottery, which they sold to their white neighbors; but since earthenware has become so cheap they have ubandoned {ts manufacture, so that now only the oldest of the tribe retain the art. In former times the opening of a clay mine was the occa- sion of a great feast. The whoie tribe, men, women and children, were present, and each family took home a portion of the clay. The first processes in preparing the clay were to dry it, beat it up, pass it through a sieve and pound it in a mortar. Fresh water mussels, flesh as well as shell, having been burned and ground up, were then mixed with the clay, and the whole was saturated with water and kneaded. The vessels made from it were shaped with mussel shells and j dried in the sun, being rubbed with a stone {to give them a gloss. Finally, they were placed in a kiln. One of the historical relics of the Pamun- key is a “pipe-for-joy” made of clay. In the bowl are five holes for the insertion of as many stems, one for the chief and cne each for the four councilmen. In oid times the leaders used to celebrate their victories by arranging themselves in a circle and to- gether smoking this peculiar pipe. A certain ferry that crosses the Pamun- key river ten miles above the reservation is named Pipingtree. This designation is said Its Last Remnant Still Exists in the Pa- They Preserve the Aboriginal Customs How strange it seems that a remnant of the once powerful confederacy. of Pow- hatan should actually exist at this day not so very far from Washington! This last fragment of a nation, which, at the time of the landing of Columbus, occupied all of the region hereabout, including a large part of Virginia and Maryland, consists of about 110 irdividuals. They cali themselves the Pamurkey, and dwell at what is known as “Indiantown,” which is situated on and comprises the whole of a cvriously shaped neck of land extending into Pamunkey river and adjoining King William county, Va., on the south. The “town” consists of 800 acres, and is almost entirely surround- connected with the mainland by a narrow strip. The compar- ative safety afforded by the situation in time of war is doubtless accountable for the preset.ce of the tribe in this spot; very like- ly thelr survival is due to the protection On the death of Powhatan he was suc- ceeded by Opechancanough, chief of the Pamunkey. The tribe was at that time the most powerful of the thirty war-like tribes which composed the confederacy. The en- tre nation had 2,400 warriors and compris- ed about 8,000 individuals. Of this popula- gent. The disastrous attacks on the early settlers of Virginia by the savages, under Powhatan was a chief of remarkable valor and judgment. The confederacy or- ganized under the direction of his savage genius was one of the most notable among the many unions of native American tribes. The prominence of this aboriginal nation in the early history of this country is part- was a writer as well as an explorer. Ope- chancanough himself was a man of un- enemy ever encountered by the colonists of WE CANNOT SPARE healthy flesh —nature never burdens the body with too much sound flesh. Loss of fiesh usually indicates poor as- similation, which causes the loss of the best that’s in food, the fat-forming element. Scott's Emulsion of pure cod liver oil with hypo- Phosphites contains the very essence of all foods. In no oth- er form can so much nutrition: be taken and assimilated. Jts range of usefulness has no limita- tion where weakness exists. to be derived from On one occasion the & committee of white settlers at that place and negotiated a treaty. The consumma- 8 #f iF Eye et un ai it Pa ie it raFe Eu i ee age sip i Ht > s F i] aff 4 i E ! A z it [3 aif i 8 E E f 5 i # z § a £ if Be 3 t 3 z H ii if i f 8 53 / i i : i ig Bt 2 i iv Be i Hl i i 3f § y § e q ' i : # rd zi MY ey f ij eng if Hi i ; i F He fi g i g if z i F i j a 8 A l d | ; F i i t : gF? Fs E i of the f #3 Fl f shorthand has often been suggested, and is said that certain musicians have devised for themselves such a system, which has served their purpose fairly well. But any attempt to bring the speed of musical nota- tion within even appreciable distance of the rate of musical production, either instru- mental or vocal, has always been looked upon as impossible. it is difficult to imagine how it can ever be otherwise, but none the less are those worthy of commendation and gratitude. An attempt in this direction has just been made in the construction of a machine for typewriting music. The machine looks like an ordinary typewriting machine, after which it is modeled, the frame, key levers, type bars and carriage being retained. Various modifications are made s0 a8 to adapt the instrument to the change of no- tation, the carriage being shifted endwise only for the different lines,octaves or notes, and the paper is fed forward with each stroke of the type. The machine is intend- ed either to be used with paper ruled or to write its own staff by repeating @ five-lined character. Making Tea in Japan. From the Fort Worth Gazette. A Japanese host or hostess never trusts the making of tea to the servants on com- pany occasions. Either he or she prepares the decoction in the presence of the guests. This ceremonial teamaking is an artistic process, and is considered an accomplish- ment by the natives. The teapot is a little jewel-like thing that can be set—handle, spout and all—inside one of the common sized coffee cups that a for- eigner draws once or twice at ‘The cups are of fine cloisonne, with plain enameled linings, each no larger round than the circle of a tulip’s petal can inclose. There is in the service a small, pearshaped pitcher, a beautifully wrought bronze tea- pot in which the boiling water is brought, and a lacquer box containing the caddy of the choicest leaves from the fine tea gar- dens of the Uji district—tea so rare and ex- pensive that none of it is exported or known abroad, and only the wealthier Japanese can afford to buy the precious leaves. a The host takes an ivory scoop carved the shape of a large tea leaf, fills the ttle teapot full of loosely heaped leaves, an then, having poured the hot water into the pitcher that . oa a little, pours it into the teapot The hot water barely touches the leaves in the little teapot when the host begins pouring off a stream of pale, straw-colored ea into the little ee a passed, each only half full o _ The 4 is as delicate and fragrant as if made of rose leaves, afid strong enough to keep one awake for twelve hours after drinking it. ———_~e-—__——_ The Corpse Stuttered. “ From the Boston Globe. The waters of the bay had washed up @ Jong, lank body, and for two days it lay in an undertaker’s shop awaiting iientifica~ tion. Nobody on Cape Cod knew the man. At last an old rickety wagon peesate and Farmer Hall got down. Passing into the back room, he looked at the body for a moment _ said: “That's him.” The undertaker asked for further in- formation, but gt could only say it was Tompkins, his hired man. “But can’t you tell just why he is Tomp- kins? Are they his clothes? Can't you furnish some positive means of identifica- tion?” And the undertaker looked ex- pectant. Farmer Hall shifted his place and was lost in thought. Suddenly be slapped BB leg. “Well?” “He stuttered.”