Evening Star Newspaper, December 30, 1893, Page 20

“80 ‘A DISEASE OF IDEAS| The Spread of Anarchy in the Gay French Capital. PARIS TODAY IN A STATE OF SIEGE The Men Who Are Waging War Against Society. THEIR LOVE FOR PUBLICITY Special Correspondence of The Evening Star. ‘ARIS, December 12, 1893. HE OLD YEAR IS going out to the cracking of anarchist bombs. Everyone is asking what the New Year will have in the same line. I must) confess to a personal interest in the anarch- ists and their doings. ‘Yet I bave never run after them or put my- seif in their way. Any stray American of late years would have been just as likely to come inconveniently near to them. In the winter of 1892 I often loitered among the palms or under the arcades of the beautiful Plaza Real of Barcelona. A favorite place of amusement was the Teatro del Liceo, which has the largest auditorium im Europe. They were giving the ballet of “Excelsior” at that time, celebrating the triumphs, as it does, of electricity and dyna- mite. A few hours after I left the town @ first anarchist bomb exploded scientific- | ally im a corner of the plaza. My final seat im the theater was in the eleventh row. } Last month all the spectators of the thir-/ teenth row, just back of it, were biown into| bleeding fragments by another bomb. At/ that time I went on my way to Cadiz for| | i | | ing before the last explosion gave society THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 30, 1893-TWENTY PAGES. you and kill g few property holders by way society of teaching @ lesson.” ‘The Dirty Bourgeois. It is no exaggeration to sum up the ut- terances of declared anarchist newspapers, openly sold on the streets of Paris, as fol- lews: “Good, Ravachol, you killed an old hermit because he had money and you had none. They have cut off your head, but you are a martyr, and we will revenge you on society. Bravo, Pallas, you threw a bomb under the horse of a general who has done more than anyone else to keep the present order of things in Spain. The Span- ish government has had you shot, but we have paid them back by sending up to hea- ven a few dozens of the best citizens of Barcelona. Hurrah, Vaillant, the old revo- lutionists could only assassinate a single king or tsar, but you have all but blown up a whole parliament of the French re- public!" Words equally violent with these appear constantly on the news stands. Until now there seems to have been no proper law in France against publishing such incite- ments to crime. The Revue Anarchiste it de- The Pere Peinard is written in workingmen’s slang; it exulted over the massacre of Barcelona. The Re- volte, a paper inspired by Prince Kropot- kin and Professor Reclus, on the very morn- to understand that bombs are bound to con- tinue. A fashionable young poet at a ban- quet of writers and artists two nights later applauded the beau geste of Vaillant. Every anarchist has this idea in his head —that he is engaged in a war against socie- the carnival; but everyone said that its! brilliance was sadly shrouded by the black | fear of anarchy, which had just been at work there and at Jerez, a few miles away. | Meanwhile, the bombs of Ravachol had been keeping the Paris police busy, and one had been picked up at the corner of my own street. Since that time, Rothschild, whose bank is on the street, has kept two| The Paris anarchists, not to go out of special policemen patrolling night and day.| France, show that a great many working- Every time I walk down to the boulevard| men are ready to catch up this insanity. the presence of these extra officers reminds) They nearly all appear to have the same me of the anarchist state of siege in which| history. Leauthier, before he was fifteen the Paris of today exists. After my re-| Years of age, had learned that God is just turn, I was seated on a springtime evening | @ fable to keep the poor peopie down. Then before a boulevard cafe when the crowd| he came across an anarchist lawyer who came running by under the excitement of} inoculated him thoroughly. The young man the explosion at Very’s. In November of| came up to Paris and worked well for a ze | time, always keeping up a connection with Gee Remo: gens, Thad qccantem: to hunt for/ 1.0" anarchist ghoup of Mtaretiien one 2% book, out of print, in Dentu’s reserve he had come. He lost his place, chiefly Stock in a third Soor looking on the Rue/ through offended dignity, and he could find des Bons Enfanis. Two days later, at the no more work. He began to starve silently, same hour, an anarchist bomb blew up the | 74 at last put his anarchy in practice. H is a perfect example of the saying of Pr office of the commissary of police, who occu-| fessor Jaures, the socialist, to the parlia- Pied the two floors below. ment a few days before the late 2xplosion: During the present year I have had fre-| “You have taken away from the poor the quent cecasion to eat my lunch and some-| hope of enjoying the life to come, and you tines my dinner in the restaurant Duval, avg Rot made it possible for yee exeactt:| on the Avenue de l'Opera. The young!” Many of the lower working people of! Se-vian minister was often there, I suppose France have no real family ties. Either be- because the place suited his moderate | ty, just as republicans waged war against kings a hundred years ago. If you ask him why he kilis the innocent, he answers, “No one who has money in his pocket while I have none is innocent.” Sometimes he adds, in the words of an anarchist reunion of last Sunday: “The poor who starve are also innocent. The Voice of Anarchy. cause marriage is made dificult f@r them salary. A few weeks ago he was stabbed YY the state regulations, or for some other while at table by an anarchist, who had reason of their own, they often live togeth- Rever before seen him. During the week er without tying the knot. This leaves}! them free to separate and change; but it Just passed I had been promised a ticket! to a session of the chamber of deputies. a!so takes away the ambition of a man to{ live and roEK foe others than himself. This . . | living an unprincipied and discontented life, ‘These tickets are greatly in demand and the! which is constantly nursed ty the pte ad deputy, who was to keep them for me, hav-hof the literature I have described and te} ing only a seat in the tribune to offer, ad-| joined with idleness and restless wander- vised me to wait until he should have one! ings, turns out the full-blown anarchist. of the more coveted places in the gallery.| Vaillant, who threw the bomb in the That afternoon another bomb exploded in| chamber of deputies, was years ago a great mid-air, doing as much damage to the mere! political agitator in favor of Boulangist Icokers-on as to the members of parliament. | socialism. Then he was in South America, My friends are now speculating whether the mext explosion will be at the grand opera! or in a church. he left one wife. He returned to where he took another, whom he en- ticed from a fellow workman. Last of all was trying to found a “Philosophical and Free Library,” probably for the purpose of organizing an anarchist group. it is said that he never worked steadily, that he was noted for getting out of his | quarters with rent and board bill unpaid. On the police records he is down for theft before he was sixteen years old, and later for begging. He came to Paris and tried to follow some of the socialist free lectures on political economy; but he seems to have been too undisciplined even for that, in spite of his intelligence. Half crank, half criminal, full of false ideas and desirous to | live at the expense of others he, too, is a type of his class. Most of them, like Rav- achol, add to all this an Insane desire to be talked about, espectally in their own circle. ‘The present prefect of police is of the opin- ion that half the bomb throwing would | Stop if the “theatrical” element could be | hindered. Ravachol quite broke down at his execution, when he found that he would not be allowed to show off by reading his final testament. Lastly, while these an- | archists are not regularly professional criminals, nearly every one of them has had some trouble with the laws of property. Rochefort, whose violent radicalism has en- couraged the movement in spite of his own condemnation of it, tells a good story in this line. He received the visit in London, where he lives in exile, of an anarchist who complained that he had had difficulty in leaving France “on account of the court He at last owned up, not without some van- ity, that the difficulty was caused by an act which he characterized as “the social re- vindication of a gold watch.” Sprend of the Disease. Ferhaps the most curious thing about the anarchists is their itching to make converts. ‘They are always talking up. their ideas and writing letters in every direction. This is Rothsehild’s Spec! To a man who keeps his eyes open in the Paris streets it is not hard to see where the ideas of the anarchists come from. They are in the air. Pictures and songs and plays and the literature of the Boule- vard are full of them. Take the popular Mustrated papers of Paris that are display-| ed on every news stand. You would think | they had for chief object to make the poor | envious and revengeful a t the well-to-| do. Their pictures repres shivering men} and starving women and children—sans| the way in which anarchy is spread. In Barcelona the police came on recent letters from Chicago. Here in Paris, in the apart- ment of Cohen, a young Hollander, they | have’ found nearly a thousand different, communications from his own country and / SOME QUEER PETS. Reptiles, Mammals, Birds and Fishes for the Household. HARMLESS SNAKES FCR AMUSEMENT. Frogs, Turtles and All Sorts of Things Furnished by Boys. ABYSSINIAN GUINEA PIGS. NAKESFOR PETS?” said the fancier to a writer for The Star. “Why,of course. Lots of people buy them. In that glass tank in the window are not less than fifty serpents of different kinds. No, you can- not see them, because they have crawled under the sand and moss for warmth and " concealment. Let me see—in that little coliection are garter- Snakes, grass snakes, water moccasins, and chicken snakes from Florida. “Those chicken snakes I got hold of in rather a queer way. In Florida recently a trapper in my employ was engaged in catching mocking birds. He had one of his traps hanging under a tree with sev- eral young birds in it, in order that the mother might feed them. You see, they were very little and still needed the ma- ternal care. But one morning my man came to look at the trap and found that three of the nestlings were gone. Inside the trap, which was made like a cage, was a chicken snake. The trapper captured him and sent him to me, together with a few more of his species. Chicken Snakes Valuable. “Chicken snakes are valuable. I charge $10 apiece for them. They are yellow, with brown spots. In Florida they do a great deal of damage by eating young chicks— hence the name. These water moccasins are quite a different species from the real serpent of that name, which is said to be more dangerous than the rattlesnake. They come from the neighborhood of Washing- ton. In color they are yellow, with a spiral stripe. Garter snakes are also found in this vicinity, as well as grass snakes. The former are grayish, with yellow stripes running lengthwise; the latter are all green ad very iong and wiry. For any of these snakes the retail price is $1. “Yes, I do assure you that many people purchase them for pets. I don’t know why it is Just fancy. On the day before Christ: mas there was a lady in here who was very much afraid of snakes. But her little boy was quite fascinated by them and begged so hard to have one that finally she bought it and ordered it sent home, though with a shudd One of my best customers is a female snake charmer. She has bought from me boa constrictors, black snakes and king snakes. She makes them docile by handling them constantly and by feeding them plentifully. In this way she tamed a very cross black snake in a week. One of the boa constrictors bit her severely, but that species is not poisonous. Small Boys Furnish Them. “Nearly all of my snakes I get from small boys, who catch them with their hands on the Potomac flats. Sometimes an enterpris- ing urchin will bring in as many as fifty at a time. They fetch me turtles also, One day early in last spring I told a little fel- low that I would give him 5 cents apiece for all the tortoises he could furnish me with. That was on a Saturday afternoon. The next Tuesday morning at 7 o'clock he made his appearance with a basket contain- ing three hundred and sixty-five small tur- tles. He had caught. them all between Washington and Alexandria. The boys bring me frogs also. In fact, they furnish a large part of my stock at all seasons. My pigeons, rabbits and guinea pigs 1 ob- tain mostly from them. When they grow up they get tired of keeping such pets, or no longer have the necessary time. So they sell them to me. Then, too, I supply a market for the overflow of the pigeon- cotes and rabbit warrens. “Boys bring me all sorts of birds, as well as opossums and raccoons—every sort of animal, in fact, that is to be found in this region. Frogs and snakes the doctors often buy for the purpose of vivisection. Medi- cal and other scientific men also purchase rabbits and guinea pigs, to serve as sub- jects for inoculation with various bacterial diseases. There is a comparatively new kind of guinea pig which is supposed to come from Abyssinia, though it is probably a freak perpetuated by breeding. Its hair grows toward its nose all over the body, instead of toward the tail in the normal fashion. The price is $2 a pair. Angora rabbits with long and fuzzy h: the result of artificial selection, are worth from $2 to $5 a pair. My fancy chickens I get from breeders in Maryland. Most of them come from the neighborhood of Hagerstown. Fancy Pigeon Breeding. “The breeding of fancy pigeons is be- coming more popular than it has ever been hitherto. Over in Baltimore this week and next there is going to be a great show of these birds—one of the most important exhibitions of the kind ever given. Among the pigeons shown will be thirteen ‘tur- bits," for which the owner paid $3,000, They are the property of Mr. Levering, the coffee millionaire, who is a famous amateur fan- eler in that kind of stock. Next in point of expensiveness to the ‘turbits’ come ‘pouters,” which cost $50 a pair for first-rate ones. After them follow the ‘satinettes’ and ‘blondinettes,’ so called on account of their peculiar plumage. During the last few years the homing pigeons have been propagated to such an extent that they can now be bought for as small a price as common pigeons. Of course, pigeons which have records of 5 miles or more fetch exceptional prices. But it is an actual fact that more than half of the birds now used for shcoting matches are homers. mantel shelf with bright glass eyes and a nut between its paws. By the way, the squirrel is one of the most difficult of all animals to stuff well. Fancy Gold Fish. “Fancy goldfish are in greater demand than ever before. They have fan-shaped tails, and their other fins so mych over- developed that many of them can hardly swim. But they are highly ornamental and pretty to look at. We procure that sort of stock from Japan, where such freaks have been bred for many centuries. Of course, the golden carp are purely arti- ficial. Left to themselves in a pond, they lose their briiliant coloration in the course of a few generations. It is only by stak- ing selection and propagation that the goldfish has been produced. By the same means the fins have been made abnormally large, and the very shape of the body has been altered to a chunky form. In fact, the goldfish has been domesticated for xo long a time that it could not take care of itself if set free in a streanr, but would be quickly gobbled up. These fishes are bred in Pennsylvania, Maryland and elsewhere in this country. But the stock has con- stantly to be replenished by importations phones the east, because it soon degener- ON SWIFT PINIONS. Curious Facts About Migrations of Feathered Oreatures. BIRDS DESTROYED BY LIGHT HOUSES. Many are Killed by the Washing- ton Monument. LOSS OF FEATHERED LIFE. RNITHOLOGISTS for a long time past have been trying to discover some way of protecting birds from Jestrvetion by leht- houses. It is reckon- ed that along the At- lentte coast hundreds of thousands of feath- ered creatures 9n- nually are killed by flying against. the —_——___. MAN'S REAL PROTOTYPE. Discovery of the Missing Link in the Vedas of Ceylon. The latest discovery of the missing link, | Says a German magazine, has just been | made known by two Swiss scientists, broth- | ers, who declare that the Veddas of Ceylon tr fill the vold between man and ape. structares which Tn- The brothers have spent several years in cle Sara has set up as Ceylon in order to study this little known|a warning to mariners. Attracted by the but interesting race of pigmies, and, quite | glare they dash themselves upon the glass apart from the theory which they put for-|of the lanterns most commoniy. Wild sous want. the facts which they publish con-| have even been known to break the giass, cerning the Veddas are of sufficient interest | Which 1s heavy plate. Lightkeopers often to command general attention. Pick up bushels of the dead victims, brane 7 The Veddas are quite a distinct race, and| Which rare specimens ars apt to be foun are more like apes than any other human | Many of thera are forwarded to the Depart beings. ‘The skeletons and the general or- | NICnt of Agricul:ure tor Hien i ere ink. | lar to those of the chimpanzees, The Vedda cmgs up and getting fost they s\cer for a 1s the best preserved specimen of the curly-/ i247, An easteriy Ulow, bringing fey, 13 j haired race. These black pigmies lived in /¢y.. nxt disastrowe in :his way. India many centuries before Buddha or ree causes due to huinan agency are | Jesus Christ. respon:ible for a vast destruction cf bird | Historians of the early centuries of the} lire. First in importance is the €emand | Christian era speak of the Veddas and de-| fur skins and feathers by mltliaers. Wone | Seribe their mode of living, which is almost | 1's <unity is Uteiariy wipiag out a in every respect the same as at the present | ity of the most beautiful feathered 8 time. We find in the Mahavanso, the most|in the world. Small boys. who system- rr eS & tests of speed which would be considered Satisfactory even from the point of view of an uascientific “sport” interested in racing. One of the fastest birds is the falcon,known as the duck hawk, the flight of which is so rapid that the eye is sometimes unable to follow it. It ts able easily to overtake any duck. But it is thought that swifts and humming birds are even quicker travelers. The migration of birds has long beem re- garded as mysterious in many ways. Never- theless, science has elucidated the problem to a considerable extent. The fact is that these animals have definite routes of travel. They are guided by such geographical fea- tures as coast lines,rivers, valleys and moun- tain ranges. From the heignt at which’ they fly the surface of the earth ts the ap- pearance of a map, on which, at night, ta the light of moon and stars; the hills, Ss, lakes, &c., are more or less distinctly out- lined for 100 miles or more in every @irec- tion. Any one who has spent a clear on the summit of a mountain will not’ tion this statement. The older birds; lead the flights, have no difficulty, by these landmarks, in agen tO which they have repeatedly trav be- fore. Points along the route constitute sta- tions. At such places—ordinerily promon- tories extending into the sea, edges of for- est bordering extensive plains, or extremi- ties of mountain he migratory tide hesitates and halts before venturing on the dangerous stage ahead. This pause al- lows the stragglers to come up. Oceanic birds doubtless find their way to their breeding grounds over the pathless seas by using coast lines and sea islands as guides. ~———_ +e+ —__--- THE NEWFOUNDLAND FISHERMEN. Their Hardships and Ill-Requited Toil. From the New York Herald. Three kinds of fishery engage the atten- tion of the Newfoundlanders—the shore fishery, the floating fishery on the banks or far northward, and the fishery “down on the Labrador.” Each has characteristic features, but all aim at the same prey— codfish. All other fish, except it be sal- mon, the Newfoundland fisherman despises. Cod is money; all other fish is simply fish. The shore tishery is carried on from the outports or from tilts on lonely islands. A feature of every Newfoundland outport is the Jong line of flakes, great tables upon which the split and salted fish are laid out to dry. Owing to the steep shores these flakes are much higher than those we see on the New England and New Brunswick shores, and often rise in tiers. In places Uke Logie bay, a picturesque fishing vil- jage not far from St. Johns, the rocks are | ea | later he was awakened by a chorus of fierce | important of the Cingalese chronicles, de- | tails concerning the Yakas, people who are | exactly like taose whom we call Veddas, and | the Sanscrit poem, “Ramavana,” the Iliad of India, uses the word “‘ape’’ when speak- ing of the Yakas. The number of the Veddas does not now exceed 2,200, yet they occupy an immense tract of Jand, situated between 7 degrees and 9 degrees latitude and 81 degrees and 82 degrees longitude. If you wish to see the Veddas in thelr pure state, free from any | mixture with the other races of Ceylon, you must go to that part of the island. They live in small groups, or in families, apart from each other, each family hav- ing its own part of the forest to hunt in. When the rainy season (October-Decem- ber) comes around and the forest is inun- dated, they take refuge among the rocks and live in grottos. They are thus brought together and become sociable; they arrange | marriages and talk about things in general. |'They recognize no chiefs, know no laws and are quite devoid of any ideas. It has been said above that the Veddas resemble chimpanzees in certain respects; it remains to be added that they are about four feet in height, their hair is very thick and very black, and when in trouble or grieved they hang their heads down upon their breasts In a way which gives them a very peculiar appearance. Among themselves they go about naked, but when strangers are about they adopt a covering of leaves or cloth. They do not know what beds are, but pass the night naked upon the moist ground without the slightest covering. Their oniy weapons are their wooden bows and arrows and their axes, which they always have near them. Alcohol and salt are both unknown to them. Their communication with the Cingalese is reduced to this: During the night they will place in front of the door of a Cinga- lese blacksmith some money and dried meat, with a rough model, made of leaves and twigs, of the ax which they require. A few nights afterward they will go to the door and take away the ax which the blacksmith has placed outside for them. | This shows what a dislike they have to} mixing with other people. Their language is very simple, and con- sists of Cingalese words so altered that the natives of Ceylon cannot understand them, and partly of words which are apparently the remains of some primitive language. Of course there are no family names; they sa: “the great man,” “the little man,” “the / young woman,” “the old man,” &c. They know nothing of numbers. When they are talking of many persons or things they repeat several times a word which in- dicates a single thing. They therefore can- Not say how old they are. Divisions of time cannot be expressed. and the dimensions of | objects are indicated by actions. When they first see a looking-glass or a firearm they act just as monkeys do under | similar circumstances. Religion, belief In good or evil spirits. fear of death, are all unknown to them. | When a Vefda dies the others leave him | where he has died, and shun the place for | a long time, during which the body disap- | pears. | Yet. with all this lack of intelligence, they | are honest and trustworthy. They lve peaceably and have no Internal feuds, which is probably due to the fact that they live anort, excent in the rainy season. The Fnelish eovernment has on several areaaton trie’ ta establtsh schools for their children and endeavored to Christianize the Veddas, but without success. +2 THE CARE OF THE CANARY. Every Little Defender Should Heed ‘These Mratructions, From tha New York World. Of all birds to keep in the nursery canar- fes are certainly the nicest. They are very affectionate, and can be tamed to almost any extent. In buying a bird be sure to go to a respectable shop or you may be cheat- high and sheer that it is necessary to atically hunt eggs, come next. Third in | 5° long ef Fespect to damage done are the lighthouses. | Pass the ish from tier to ter on ek The nunber of birds annually slain by the | forks. Goddess of Liberty in the harbor of New| Even in those outports which are fairly York, whose torch contains a light of the | Well settled the conditions of living are WILD BEASTS IN BATTLE. — A Trapped Bear's Struggle to the Death With « Mountain Lion. Raleigh F. Wilkinson, 2 ranchman living near Craig, Mont., recently told a writer for the, York Sun an interesting story of @ @ bear, @ coyote and a moun- tain Mon, The coyote, as every woodsman knows, ig the greatest coward in the anima} when he thinks he has the best of it. Mr. Wilkinson, having lost a fine brood of dueks, and suspecting that a coyote was re- sponsible, set a bear trap baited with fresh beef. Early the next morning he was awak- ened by @ howl which betokened results, Knowing that the coyote, if caught, could not get away from the heavy claws of the bear trap, he feturned to sleep. An hour animal voices. When he visited the trap he found a coyote caught fast by the shoulder, and @ cinnamon bear had likewise been caught, showing that both animals had made a strike for the beef at the same time, the coyote’s hunger having doubtless over- come his native cowardite. Ten feet away was a magnificent grest mountain lion, waiting until one of the fighters had killed the other before finishing coyote showed a disposition to attack the other. Each stood on three legs, watching their common enemy, the jjon, evidently understanding his » ‘The air in the meantime was with the mighty roar of their voices. Mr. Wilkinswn, thinking that their cries might bring more animals to the scene, got his rifle into range, though determined not to interrupt what promised to be a most exciting fight. A half hour passed before the lion got jm. patient. Then he gradually drew near the trap, measuring the distance so as to heep out of range. The frightened coyote hy flat on the ground, with his nose in the din, while the bear stood erect, with one paw drawn back to defend himself. The lion, snarling and spitting, exchanged a number of switt strokes with the bear, then retreat- ed and crawled to the top of a sheep shed near by. There he lay crouched for a mo- ment; then made a spring, dropping squarely on the bear. A terrific struggle followed. The lion closed his teeth on the bear's throat and was in turn caught in a mighty hug. The two fell to the ground, the bear on top, with the blood pouring in a stream over his brownehide. They rolled from side to side and the trap was pulled from its stakes. Then the bear rose on his hind legs, carry- ing the lion with him. He managed to loosen the lion’s hold on his throat and get @ grip on his adversary’s neck. The fight was then soon over. The lion’s eyes rolled better off. He staggered like a drunken man, first order, is we!l nigh inca!~ulable. Not | deplorable enough, but the people have at long ago several ornitholo;ists spent a | least each other's company. On the islands, night on Bedloe’s Island, the weather being | however, the misery of isolation is added stormy, for the purposc of tnaking cbserva-| io the pangs of hunger. There will be, tions and to detecraime if sometning could | perhaps, one hut on an island, and the long not be done to prevent or lesson the slaugh- | winters pass without schools, churches or ter, But up to date no practicab'e pian | human communication of any kind. has been suggested, though theorists have| «The struggle for life,” to quote the faugised vt the Hgits wight be enclosed | words of Rev. Mr. Flynn of Little Bay, in wire net to advantage. hid is ee, — = wey rd 1 m. observation, great pepe Balers It demoralizes those engaged in'it-” The The J.iverty Light being of na value wor-h | normal condition of these people is to be mentioning to mariners, but merely put } everlastingly in debt. A shore fisherman's Where it is for sentimental reasons, the | @Verage season's catch is from ten to twelve |and dashing upon it or against the tower. | damage it does in this way seems particu- jariy unfortunate. Other lighthouses which cause great destruction of teatuered life are those at Cape slay, Cape Haueras, Hunting island aud St. Augustine. Unfortunateiy mist birus migrate by night, in this class are Nearly 4 Gucks, Wuue geese migrate du the Gaylme, in @ genera: way it may oe said (oat tumid and Leebie-winged biras preter tne nigat Lor migration, wale those WRICA are SiWwong-wingeu and veld, ne conceaiment, migcate by day, The kn- usb sparrow pullers Very rareiy trum te Veune auenuoned, ior the Peau toa. at ap wut @ Teguiar uugrant Along tae Auantic Cvese luce aaryiaud yelluw Uirvals coasu- kuce @ iaiye percentage of the Vicumes. Swallows aud saipe migeate oy aay; UruDa- SS, Warwers and uy Caccuers at might VUlids SlOruie—parucuery ui prowacted eastery bioWs—greal Mumvers of birds Ly Agauiss (he Mesis anu smokesiacas of quenuy trom 200 to J0U are picked up in a Mignt on the ueck of one of Laese vessels. iu one case the count of victims was over iw, In the city of Savannan te electric lights are placed at an elevation of rrom 1 to 180 reet above the town. It was imagined that from such a height they would throw a wide illumination, but experience has shown that they are too far aloft. Whole flocks of reed birds are destroyed by fying against them, and when there is a storm at the proper season small boys go out before daybreak and gather bushels of them, as well as scores of other species. Many migrating birds are killed by flying against the Washington monument, and on one occasion the keeper of that great obe- lisk secured five wild ducks for breakfast in this way. During a storm a light house will often} be surrounded by myriads of birds of many species, Having been so unfortunate to start off in their migration on a falling | barometer, they have got lost and flocked | to the light, fluttering about the lantern | One lightkeeper, describing such a pheno- menon, says that, as far as he could see by the beam of the light, the air appeared to be a “solid mass of birds.” When one con- siders the railroad speed at which a duck flies {t is not surprising that the impact of its weight against the plate glass should break it. Telegraph Wires. ‘Telegraph wires across the line of migra- tion on the prairies kill great numbers of birds—woodcock especially, because they fly low But all sorts of feathered crea- tures, from sparrows to swans, fall victims to this human device. Among them snipe also are conspicuous. It has been noticed that when a telegraph line has been newly established a great many birds are slain in this way, whereas after two or three sea- sons comparatively few suffer. This indi- cates that birds learn by experience. Peo- ple often wonder why the birds that perch on telegraph wires are not Killed by the electricity. As a matter of fact the current quintals, worth perhaps $40, and he must worry through the winter on a barrel or he can obtain in exchange for his fish. A few of the more fortunate can secure a small supply of potatoes. Some of the more enterprising go into the woods, build themselver a winter hut, and saw which they take to the supply man in part payment for the summer © eo Much of this distress is, I think, due to the fisaerman’s lack of resources. He can fish, hut he can do little else. If he could turn his hand to agriculture he might at least partially solve the problem of food, which is constantly presented to him. Ag- riculture is not an easy matter in New- foundland, as any one who has coasted along its rugged shores can realize. But among the rocks are patches of soll, and in the interior broad acres which could be turned to account. The fisherman ‘could at There are so many picturesque feat- about the Newfoundland and Labra- dor fishery that the casual tourist cannot realize the misery that Hes beneath this superficial attractiveness. The bold and deeply indented shores, the numerous rocky islands, the glittering spray dashing high into the air as the billows roll uj against the fron-bound shores, the staunc! fishing craft, the great hulking n and the women busy at the flakes—all these combine to impress the traveler with the picturesqueness of the scene and to endow the fishery with those romantic at- tributes which seem to belong to life on the ocea: n. Ali_this is, however, superficial. Even the men and women have not the stamina which might be expected from their mus- cular development. Big as they are, phys- ically speaking, their faces usually show traces of suffering. A fisherman's life “down on the Labrador” is one of contin- uous toil, with precious little reward. ‘There are but few permanent residents in this desolate land—not more than 4,000, it is said—of whom about 2,000 are Eskimo, But some 20,4 Newfoundland fishermen cross the straits of Belle Isle every sum- mer and take up @ temporary abode in Labrador. Superficially looked at, the scenes about a Labrador fishing stage are pleasant enough. One sees dapper little “gashers” with their reddish sails, scurrying along and sending the spray flying from their bows; the heavier “jacks” or “bullies” plowing more boriously through the waves; a schooner at anchor, her nets hung from her spars to dry, bellying and crinkling in the wind with ever-changing Ughts and shadows on their weather- stained meshes; heavy barges rowing slow- ly along shore, while the fisherman in the bow thrusts his submarine glass into the water and peers through it, hoping for a “good sight of fish on the bottom,” and, above all, on the rocky point jutting fur- thest out to sea, the flag of the merchant who downs the “room” fluttering in the But the undercurrent of toil and suffering is always there—womea sawing and chop- Ping wood, meu, large of trame, but with dark circles under their eyes and lines that tell of privation in their fuces, mending bleeding from many wounds. He still hed life enough to look after the coyote, which —— see - ing the Continental Divide. From Harper's Weekly. One of the greatest engineering enter- prises of the decade has just been com- pleted in Colorado—an enterprise fully as great as the tunneling of the Hoosac moun- tain, whose completion was celebraied as @ great national affair. But these are the Gays of great enterprises, and the piercing of the great divide by a tunnel nesrly two miles long in one of the wildest mountain regions in the world has scarcely attracted attention outside of Colorado. The road itself—the Coloredo Midlané— which passes through the new tunnel is one of the most wonderful pieces of en- gineering in the world. All the way from Colorado Springs to Glenwood it is a suc- cession of surprises to the traveler, and that part of it which runs from Leadville over the great continental divide is only the climax of a series of surprising vic- tories over the most apparently insurmount- able natural obstacles The Hagerman tun- nel at the top of the pass, which has been used since the road was opened about seven above sea level, and the Midland is here the highest standard-gauge railroad in the world, and the highest of any gauge except one in the Andes, The new tunnel substi- tutes two miles of rail for the ten now in use. The big trestle is 20 feet hich, cost $60,000 to build, and would have to be re- built every eight years. Besides this, im- mense rotary snow ploughs have to be kept in operation at both ends of the old tunnel all winter, the snow on the west side of the divide being often 13 feet deep on the evel. The new tunnel, it is estimated, will save in operating expenses $70.00) every year, besides insuring the continuous oper- ation of the road, so that the $1,000,000 spent on the tunnel is expected to be a good investment. The Busk-ivanhoe tunnel, as the new one is called, pierces the main Saguache (pro- nounced sah wash) range, which here forms the continental divide, about twenty miles west of Leadville, at a height of 10,500 feet above sea ievel, 1,500 feet below the crest of the mountain, and 728 feet below the Hagerman tunnel. Its length is 9.394 feet. Work upon it was begun October 5, 15%), and since that time has been pushed unre- mittingly from both ends, twenty hours a day, with the most modern scientific ap- paratus. The backbone of the continent is of solid granite, and compressed air drills and dyramite have done the work of ex- cavation. There has been quite a rivalry between the gangs at work on the two ends as to which should reach the ~— first. ‘The Busk, or eastern gang, won the race, for the Ivanhoe men were retarded by water, and the final junction was made 1,000 feet west of the center. The dividing wall was pierced by the trill at 9:30 Tues- day evening, October 17, and at 6:15 the next evening the blast was fired which broke the wall down. The man who conceived the idea of this tunnel was B. H. Bryant, chief engineer of the road. The man who, as engineer in charge, directed the work, was W. H. Lef- fingwell. The tunnel took three years to build and cost $1,000,000. It is a little less than two miles long. The plans of the en- gineers worked out with great accuracy, and the alignment when the last partitions were cleared away was perfect. ed. The writer heard of one lady, who, to| does not pass et Aaa? Geigredl ae her disgust, discovered she had bought a| rer vi Pepsin Frye ge —— sparrow painted yellow, thinking it a very | png Bh es Pepsin handsome canary. She had given a large | waterfowl are destroyed in considerable price for it. | numbers by fish-fykes—a kind of net which The best cages for canaries are those leads the fishes into a cul de sac from which t \there is no escane. The birds follow the nets, returning from fishing or about set- ting out to fish: the sual sod-covered huts and scores of lean, starved and treacher- ous looking dogs—half Eskimo prowling bout the place snapping at each other, narling and yelping. During the long winter, when, as cften Eeeienas travel (helterions, unemployed) ccrcnany. Noldie thine thatthe anecch: | until you haif believe that in France ail the} ists form a secret society. But each indi-| Workingmen suffe:, and all the rich are to| vidual, as he takes the craze, seems bound | biame for it. Then the songs of the cafes| to give it to others. ‘ine attraction toward | of late years deal with the lowest| secret conspiracy and deeds of violence, | and their hatred of everyone who} tae love of showing off theatrically and the e themselves. “When I see red," | fonary spirit make up the disease of Via le pante” (the man to be knocked | anarchy. | r for his money) wondecfully entertain } t not be imagined that America is | mable _ but they also help| without her share in the epidemic. I have | Seems a shame, does it not? “The animals of all sorts which are col- lected near Washington by boys and sold to me, I dispose of partly by sending them to other clties—Philadelphia, New York, “hicago and elsewhere. Mocking birds i get from Texas mostly. Parrots are about the riskiest goods that I have to handle. Not long, ago T employed a man to pur- case $400 worth of yellow-headed parrots Giscontented poor man to believe that/ been able to compare the names and char-| in Mexico. So many of them died that 1 abused, and t there is something} acter of the principal anarchist papers pub-| only received 370 for the survivors. ‘The in doing violence to people who have ned in the United States with those of | greatest difficulty with them is water. For geod coats. turope. Out of fifty-one in all, eleven, scme reason not very well understood, It is useless to remind him that France is} the country most p number abuse the liberties of our republic. In New! York there is The Firebrand,The Anarchist, | berty and Soli- | and the Free Voice of | in the world where industry and Freedom, in German; Li darity, ng Ds ft in hospitals and | Hebrew characters but German; and even in the distribut of| words. So much for New York eity. In ™m to the pox lest to obtain. there is the Spanish Despertar, discontent i of to the grandchildren | which is also the name of the Barcelona of the Fre } paper 4 ed in the late attempts; and Some per writers en-|in the Rohemian language there is the courage t! i . Madame .isty, which ts also the name of Fine is a wome talent, born of ¥ eet published in Vienna. @o bourgeois pare: in the heact of fF its German Harbinger and She must b for her artic! Devil in the same lat a villa at Monte wrong in this timental e while Cambria county, Pennsylva- published in French, The Miner's Alarm. is nothing ©, peopie have at last made that, since anarchy is a dif: governments ought to pay tentions to just such publica- so wicked, a young girl.” would Man anger to hims: 1 children? own id | y fr chol e that her “STERLING HEILIG, — ——-ee4 — America’s Paper Making Capacity. From the New York Tel The United Stat» producing about m. has a capacity for 0,000 pounds of paper not counting the idle mills, of present about seventy are re- ported, out of a total of 1,189. Of this enormous pré 000 pounds are | in printing newspapers and books and 212,800 pounds more go to help bind the books printed. It is estimated that 498,000 pounds are consumed by the build- ing trades; 3 is of wrapping paper are used and 590,000 pounds of writ- ing papers. An important item is the pro- ‘the water to pe had in this country does not suit imported parrots, and commonly it is necessary to avoid giving it to them altogether for a while, using soaked food as a substitute. If one parrot in a con- signment dies, the whole lot is likely perish within a few days, and nothing can be done to stay the mischief. A good talker is worth $100. Why Canaries Get Sic “One reason why canaries get sick is that the canary seed sold in the market is adulterated to. a large extent. Bird-food companies and seed-jobbing concerns,which know nothing of the care and management of birds, put up wretched compounds con- sisting of domestic hemp, turnip and miliet seed, and label the boxes ‘canary food’ or ‘mixed canary seed.’ Dealers in seed and bird food buy them because they are cheap | and bring a good profit. A bird, after be- ing fed on such stuff for a while, ts apt to become droopy and to stop singing. One cannot be ioo careful in buying seeds for birds. The turnip seed is substituted for the sweet Germar rape seed. It is very bitter to the taste and canaries will not eat it unless compelled by starvation. “There is always a market for pretty cats of various breeds—especially, so far as native varieties are concerned, the Maltese. Though the original stock was imported, they are hardly to be regarded as exotic any longer. Kittens of that sort are worth from $2 to $5 for males. Among the more expensive pets are fawns of the Virginia deer, which are worth $0 a pair. White swans come from England and fetch 360 a pair, while black swans are quoted at $100 worse off ur a ction of nearly 1,600,000 pounds of press, aw and i “boards.” The pro- duction of fortunately r the has been de- 0 pounds were produc The most practiced in paper mak- h degree of mechanic: ct. ility connected with | a pair, I have a Kittle room devoted to the art of taxidermy, where animals of all sorts are stuffed by an expert. People bring their dead pets to me and have them mounted in as lifelike a manner as possible. They must afford but a melancholy remi- niscence, one would think, of the creatures joved in life; but many of my customers find it a comfort to have the defunct par- rot swinging voiceless on its perch or the tame squirrel perpetually decorating the to | | made of mahogany or any other hard wood. Be sure never to buy one made of fir or other soft and porous woods, as they har- ‘bor insects. Cages are really best made | chiefly of wire; these are light and neat and } easily kept clean. The food and water ves- | sels should always be of glass or porcelain, | and placed outside the cage, so as to let the ‘bird have the whole of the interior to him- self. For one bird the cage should not be less than twelve inches in height and eight |inches in length and breadth. Each cage should have two perches, not under one an- | other. The best food is canary and turnip seed (the smaller summer rape seed), in the | | proportion of one-third or one-fourth of the jlatter to two-thirds or three-fourths of the | former. | A little variation in their food occasionally | will be found conducive to the health and well being of birds. and then, mixed with their seed or given in the little tin box with which cages are | usually furnished, will be useful; chickweed, | groundsel or a lettuce leaf should be given | three or four times a week, except in a | breeding cage. A small lump of bay sait or Us piece of old mortar is good for them to | peck at, and a slice of apple, pear, plum or | @ cherry will be grateful to the birds, if not too often repeated. It is most important that canaries should |be kept dry, clean and warm, and their owners must not forget that these charm- ds are foreigners, and therefore bear exposure to draughts in which hardy American birds thriv When keeping pets children should try to realize the kind of country and especially the sort of climate natural to them. It will then be easy to surround them with what is best suited to the nature of each, For instance, remembering the bright, hot sunshine to which birds from distant lands are accustomed, it would be weil to place the cage in a nice, safe, warm place daily. But the poor little bird must not be left to shiver when the sunshine has passed; it is better to move his cage before that mo- ment. This should not be forgotten by the young mistress cr master who wants to keep a pet healthy and happy. | ———_+e+— | A Close Calculation. | From Life. i Oatmeal or groats now | | fishes and. becoming entangled, are drown- lea. In the creat lakes deep nets are set for whitefish, 200 feet beneath the surface of the water. Ducks are frequently caught in them, showing how deep they dive in pursuit of finny prey. On the shores of some alka- line lakes of the west, notably Owens lake | in California, great quantities of grebes, which are about the size of big pigeons. are sometimes found dead. As many as 35,000 not a very large sheet. This phenomenon occurs every year. Either the water is in- jurious to them. or. as seems more likely, they come to the lake to catch fish and, finding none, die of starvation. | on the Pacific coast, not far from San | Francisco, is a stretch of beach on which | ‘after a storm great numbers of ducks and divers and even many albatrosses may be picked up, as well as petrels, cormorants and other birds. Some of them, as the pet- rels, flying low, are struck by big waves and thrown upon the shore. Others, like the cor- morants and surf-ducks, are dashed upon the beach while swimming near shore. Else- where along that part of the coast there are only rocks, and the waterfowl dashed upon them are not stranded, but float off | beach above mentioned. Vessels coasting off shore from 10 to 100 miles are often visited by birds which hay. been swept off the land by winds. If at great distance from the land, they invari ably die from exhaustion after reaching the ships. Sometimes hundreds are seen to fall dying into the water within a few minutes, being unable to sustain flight any longer. In fact, the ocean annually proves a burial place for vast numbers of feathered crea- tures. Likewise immense numbers are lost jin the great I:kes, being blown off shore by winds, or becoming exhausted in trying to cross those sheets of. water. In Septem-| ber, 1879, there was a great storm in the! lake region which lasted twenty-four hours. | After it the east shore of Lake Michigan was strewn with dead birds, the number of oo was estimated at upwards of a mil- lion. Can’t Foretell Storms. There is no truth in the popular notion that birds are possessed of a faculty which enables them to foretell weather and time their movements accordingly. Great num- bers of feathered migrants are frequently destroyed in the lake region during early spring by cold northers. This is an illus- tration of the fact that the early bird oc- casionally gets left, so to speak. Questions are frequently addressed to the division of ornithology in the Department of Agricul- ture as to which is the fastest flyer among | have been counted at Owens lake, which {s/ again, to land eventually on the strip of | happens, only one rounteik «dog ‘sled) mail ;can get through overland from Quebec, and when news of Battle Harbor will per- | haps not reach Newfoundland much before | June, | best to impreve the conditina of the peo- the parson and his wife do their ple. There is a pubic sewing machine, and when oil gets scarce the women meet and sew at the parsonage, s> .hat one lamp may do service for many. There is even a semblance of Christmas keeping in this dreary rock-bouad harbor, the men, when they are unabl2 to cut @ fir tree because of the deep snow and ice, cutting boughs and an imitation tree of them. ——__ e+ Where the Voice is Overworked. From the Chicago Record. Physician—“Your throat is in bad condi- tion, my dear young lady, but I think I |need impose only one deprivation upon you.” Miss Smelsy—“What is it, doctor?” Physician: must absolutely forbid you to attend performances of the opera.” — cee — Not a Bit Dangerous. | Landlord (of the ‘Traveler's Rest”)—“See that feller over there? Doorin’ the past year he has plugged no less than six men right on the street.” Tender Foote—“J should think the com- munity would not allow so dangerous a man to run at large.” Landlord—“Lord bless your soul, man! There ain't a bit of danger in him to the all birds. The query is hard to answer, be- cause has been impossible to establish community. He never hits nobody but the man he shoots at!”